JK microsystems Flashlite 186 User manual

Flashlite 186
Users Manual

Flashlite 186 User’s Manual JK microsystems
i
Unless otherwise noted, this document and the information herein disclosed are proprietary to JK
microsystems, Inc. Any person or entity to whom this document is furnished or having
possession thereof, by acceptance, assumes custody thereof and agrees that the document is given
in confidence and will not be copied or reproduced in whole or in part to meet the purposes for
which it was delivered.
The information in this document is subject to change without notice, and should not be
construed as a commitment by JK microsystems, Inc. JK microsystems, Inc. will make every
effort to inform users of substantive errors.
JK microsystems, Inc. disclaims all liability for any loss or damage resulting from the use of this
manual or any software described herein, including without limitation contingent, special, or
incidental liability.
JK microsystems, Inc. recognizes our customer’s need for a consistent product and will make
every effort to provide one. In order to provide the best possible product for all of our customers,
we reserve the right to make incremental improvements in our product designs.
Flashlite is a trademark of JK microsystems, Inc. MS-DOS is a registered trademark of Microsoft
Corporation. XDOS is a copyright of HBS Corporation. All other brand and product names are
trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.
Flashlite 186 User’s Manual Version 1.5
Copyright © JK microsystems, Inc.
All rights reserved
Printed in U.S.A.
Document Part No. 94-0025
Published October 2004

JK microsystems Flashlite 186 User’s Manual
ii
Limited Warranty
JK microsystems, Inc. warrants each Flashlite 186 to be free from defects in material and
workmanship for a period of 90 days from the date of purchase. This warranty shall not apply to
any unit which has been subject to misuse, neglect, accident, or abnormal conditions of
operation.
JK microsystems’ obligation under this warranty is limited to repairing or replacing, at JK
microsystems’ option, any unit returned to the factory within 90 days of the date of purchase,
provided that JK microsystems determines that the unit is defective and has been used in
compliance with the terms of this warranty. If the failure has been caused by misuse, neglect,
accident, or abnormal conditions of operation, repairs will be billed at a nominal cost.
The foregoing warranty is exclusive and in lieu of all other warranties, expressed or implied,
including, but not limited to, any warranty of merchantability or fitness for any particular
purpose. JK microsystems shall not be liable for any special, incidental or consequential
damages, whether in contract, tort, or otherwise.
Important Notice
Life Support / Mission Critical Applications
This product is not fault-tolerant and is not designed, manufactured or intended for use or resale
as on-line control equipment in hazardous environments requiring fail-safe performance, such as
in the operation of nuclear facilities, aircraft navigation or communication systems, air traffic
control, direct life support machines, or weapons systems, in which the failure of our hardware or
software could lead directly to death, personal injury, or severe physical or environmental
damage.
Limited Warranty

Flashlite 186 User’s Manual JK microsystems
iii
Table of Contents
Limited Warranty ............................................................................................................................ ii
Table of Contents...........................................................................................................................iii
Overview ........................................................................................................................................ 1
Features........................................................................................................................................... 1
Operation ........................................................................................................................................ 2
Getting Started................................................................................................................................ 3
Hardware ........................................................................................................................................ 5
Memory Configuration ............................................................................................................. 5
I/O Configuration...................................................................................................................... 5
Digital I/O Ports........................................................................................................................ 5
Driving Loads with the Ports....................................................................................................6
Programming the Ports ............................................................................................................. 7
Asynchronous Serial Ports........................................................................................................ 8
RS-485 Configuration............................................................................................................... 8
Watchdog Timer ....................................................................................................................... 9
DiskOnChip .............................................................................................................................. 9
Jumpers................................................................................................................................... 10
JP1 - Socket Memory Type / Boot Memory Location ...................................................... 10
JP2 -Serial Port 0 Select ................................................................................................... 10
Cables and Connectors ...........................................................................................................10
Software........................................................................................................................................ 13
Supported PC BIOS Functions ............................................................................................... 13
Driver Library ......................................................................................................................... 13
Utilities ......................................................................................................................................... 14
UP.COM ................................................................................................................................. 14
DOWN.COM.......................................................................................................................... 14
FORMAT.COM ......................................................................................................................15
EDIT.COM ............................................................................................................................. 15
DOS .............................................................................................................................................. 16
XDOS Command Reference .................................................................................................. 16
QuickBASIC/PowerBASIC Console I/O ..................................................................................... 19
Specifications................................................................................................................................ 20
Contact Information...................................................................................................................... 22
Table of Contents

JK microsystems Flashlite 186 User’s Manual
iv

1
Flashlite 186 User’s Manual JK microsystems
Overview
The Flashlite 186 single board computer is based on the RDC R8822 microcomputer. The R8822
is a high performance, 16-bit, single-chip microcomputer that is software compatible with the
80C186 family of microprocessors. DOS compatibility allows development in a familiar
environment with a wide range of tools. High endurance flash memory eliminates EPROM
programming without worry of damaging the onboard non-volatile memory with repeated
program cycles. Applications are uploaded directly into the flash disk. Expansion options provide
high capacity flash storage eliminating the size and reliability problems associated with electro-
mechanical storage devices.
Software development for the Flashlite 186 is remarkably simple and quick. Programs are written
on a PC compatible computer in the language of your choice. After your application has been
compiled or assembled and linked into .EXE or .COM form, it is uploaded to the Flashlite’s flash
disk with your favorite telecommunications program using the X-Modem protocol. The
application can then be tested and debugged through the serial console. When the application is
running to your satisfaction, the startup batch file can be modified so that the application will
load and execute upon reset or powerup.
Features
33MHz RDC 8822 Processor (x186 Compatible)
7-34 Volt (unregulated) DC or 5V (regulated) DC power
512k Bytes DRAM Memory (16 bit data path)
512k Bytes Flash Memory
High Speed Serial Ports:
1 RS-232 Port with Handshake (TxD, RxD, DCD, RTS, CTS, GND)
1 Jumper Configurable as RS-232, TTL RS-232 or RS-485
Console/Debug Serial Port (3 wire RS-232, software UART)
44 Digital I/O Lines (2 reserved for console/debug serial port)
3 - 16 bit timer channels
Watchdog timer (generates internal processor reset)
32Pin Dip Socket to accept M-Systems DiskOnChip
Compact Size, 4.20" x 3.60" (106.7mm x 91.4mm), 2.1oz (59gm)
Driver Library (C and Basic) - Serial ports, PIO, alphanumeric LCD, and keypad
Overview

JK microsystems Flashlite 186 User’s Manual
2
Operation
The Flashlite is configured with two ‘disk drives’A: and B:. Drive A: contains DOS, the BIOS,
and utility programs essential to the operation of the Flashlite. Drive A: is read-only. Drive B: is
read/write and contains optional utility programs and is available for user files and applications.
The serial console port for the Flashlite has been implemented using bit I/O to keep the processor
serial ports free for user applications. The port is configured for 9600 baud, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit
and no parity. This is the primary mode of communicating with the Flashlite. DOS and the BIOS
treat this port as the logical devices STDIN and STDOUT, in place of a keyboard and monitor.
The console serial port is intended only for use as a development tool. While it is in use,
it disables interrupts for a significant period of time. This may cause disruptions with the
supplied serial port drivers and other devices and functions requiring interrupt support.
When power is applied to the Flashlite or when it is reset, the board goes through its initialization
procedure and then starts DOS. A simple (read-only) AUTOEXEC.BAT file is executed and then the
board is ready to use. The batch file performs several functions before the user is given control.
The DOS search path is set, the DOS prompt is set, the CTRL-C flag (discussed later in this
manual) is checked and finally, an attempt is made to execute a file named STARTUP on the B:
drive. This provides a convenient way for custom applications to execute immediately after
initialization of the Flashlite. If you wish to have your application start automatically, create a
batch file named STARTUP.BAT that invokes the program. Renaming your application
STARTUP.EXE or STARTUP.COM is not recommended. If this is done and the program locks up,
typing CNTL-C at bootup may not break the program and exit to the DOS prompt.
Although the flash memory devices used have a guaranteed lifetime of over 10,000 write
cycles, it is possible for an application to quickly wear them out. The flash memory is
intended to store programs, and setup data which is normally not changed. Avoid storing
data or frequently changed information on the flash disk.
Operation
!
!

3
Flashlite 186 User’s Manual JK microsystems
Getting Started
To begin development with the Flashlite, you will need a PC compatible computer with a
telecommunications program and a free serial port. Connect the Flashlite’s Debug/Console Port
to the PC’s serial port with a 9-pin serial cable (straight through wiring). Run the
telecommunications program and configure the serial port for 9600 baud, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit
and no parity. Apply power to the Flashlite, using our A/C adapter PN 88-0006 or a source of
unregulated DC between 7 and 34 Volts, capable of supplying 2 Watts. Observe the polarity
indicated on the board silkscreen.
The Flashlite should respond with a welcome message and a B: prompt. Enter DIR to look at the
directory of drive B:. If you do not get a welcome message or echo of the characters that you
type, you need to check your serial port setup. To test everything but the Flashlite, remove the
serial cable from J6 and jumper pins 3 and 5. If characters typed on the keyboard are not echoed
on the screen, the problem is with your setup. You must resolve the problem before you can
continue.
If you were able to do a DIR, take a few minutes to explore the contents of the Flashlite’s file
system. You will find all of the essential utilities on drive A: and some optional programs on
drive B:. Drive A: is write-protected and cannot be altered. Drive B: is read/write and can be
changed or reformatted.
After you have looked at the programs on the Flashlite, the next step is to try to upload a file.
This is the procedure for getting a file from your PC to the Flashlite. On the Flashlite, type the
command UP followed by the name of the file you wish to upload. The Flashlite will begin
sending characters to your PC polling it for the file.
On your PC, start the transfer, usually by pressing the PgUp key. The telecomm program should
respond by requesting the file name and protocol. Enter the file name and select X-Modem for
the protocol. The transfer should start and when it is complete, you should get a new B: prompt
on the screen. If the transfer does not work, the problem is most likely the Carrier Detect signal
(pin 1 on the DB-9 connector) into the PC being sensed as low or false. Make sure that the signal
is at least +3 volts into your PC if you are not able to transfer files.
Getting Started

JK microsystems Flashlite 186 User’s Manual
4
If the transfer terminated without problems, you have a working development environment for
the Flashlite controller. To transfer files from the Flashlite to the development PC, use the DOWN
command described in the Utilities section of this manual.
The Flashlite does not have a hardware clock calendar. The time and date will be maintained by
DOS until the power is cycled. If the correct time and date are required after a power cycle, they
must be set either from the command prompt or via user software. The time and date can be set
with the following commands:
B:\>TIME 13:30:00 Sets the time to 1:30 pm
B:\>DATE 10-29-2002 Sets the date to October 29, 2002
When power is applied to the Flashlite, one of the first things the BIOS initialization code does is
check for a CNTL-C character typed at the console. If this character is typed as soon as the board
is powered up or reset, a flag is set which overrides some of the initialization process. When
DOS runs its AUTOEXEC.BAT file on drive A:, the state of the CNTL-C flag is also checked and
any user application set to run on drive B: is not loaded. This insures that a hung application or
quiet console can always be interrupted.
If the CNTL-C flag is not set, the AUTOEXEC file will attempt to transfer control to a file named
STARTUP on drive B:. DOS also looks for and, if present, loads CONFIG.SYS from drive B:.
Getting Started

5
Flashlite 186 User’s Manual JK microsystems
Hardware
Hardware
Memory Configuration
The R8822 processor is configured in real mode with a physical address space of 1 megabyte.
The DRAM is located between 00000h and 7FFFFh, the flash is between 80000h and FFFFFh. A
32-pin DIP socket is provided for additional flash, RAM, or EPROM. This memory can be
accessed by reprogramming the chip select unit.
During the boot process the BIOS is copied from flash into the top of RAM. The BIOS executes
out of RAM. After the BIOS is copied, the flash is removed from the memory map with the
exception of a 64k window starting at segment F000. This allows the reset procedures to work
properly while maintaining user access to peripherals mapped in the higher portion of memory.
When a request for data on drive A: or B: is processed, the flash is mapped in to the top 512k of
memory, the drive read, then mapped out again. If present, the DiskOnChip occupies an 64k
block of memory starting at segment E000 hex.
I/O Configuration
The R8822 internal peripherals (UARTs, counter/timers, and interrupt controller) are not PC
compatible or located at their traditional I/O port addresses.
For addressing and programming the peripherals specific to the R8822, please refer to the RDC
R8822 Microcontroller User’s Manual. The manual is available in PDF format on the
Development Kit CD or from our web site at http://www.jkmicro.com
Digital I/O Ports
The Flashlite has a total of 44 bits of I/O. 40 bits are generated by a CPLD and the remainder are
from the R8822 processor.
PIO0-1, 2 bits of I/O are controlled by the R8822 processor. These bits are individually
configurable as inputs or outputs.
PIO10-11, 2 bits of I/O are controlled by the R8822 processor. PIO10 is used as the software
serial receive line and PIO11 is used as the software serial transmit line.
The PIO bits 1 and 2 are defined as inputs upon powerup. To read their states, you must perform
a 16-bit input from the R8822 PDATA0 register and look at bits 0 and 1. The base address for all
R8822 internal registers is 0FFxxh, with PDATA0 at 0FF74h. To change the I/O’s to outputs, you
must clear the respective bit(s) in the R8822 PDIR0 register.
When changing any bit value in the R8822 PIO registers, it is essential that all of the
other bit values be preserved. You must read the 16-bit register, modify the desired bit(s),
and write the new value to the register.
!

JK microsystems Flashlite 186 User’s Manual
6
After the bit(s) are cleared in the PDIR0 register, you can change their state by reading the
PDATA0 register, modifying the bit(s), and writhing out the new value to PDATA0. See the
section “Programming the Ports”for more information.
LED, the LED at location DS1 is controlled by bit 10 of the PDATA1 register at 0FF7Ah. Set the
bit (1) to turn the LED off, clear the bit (0) to turn the LED on.
Ports A - F,40 bits of I/O, are controlled by a CPLD. The I/O from the CPLD is grouped into
two 4-bit ports (A & B) and four 8-bit ports (C thru F). Each of the six ports may be configured
as either inputs or outputs. The following tables show the port registers, addresses, and
configuration bits.
Register Address
Port A 0x600
Port B 0x601
Port C 0x602
Port D 0x603
Port E 0x604
Port F 0x605
IOConf 0x606
Ports A through F have a single data register that is read/write. Data read from the port represents
the current state of the port, data written to the port will be present on the port pins, if the port is
configured as an output. Each port may be configured as either an input or an output. Write a 0 to
the appropriate bit in the direction register to configure the port as an input, write a 1 to configure
it as an output. All ports default to inputs.
The CPLD is a low power device that operates from 3.3 Volts. Although the inputs are 5V
tollerant, care must be taken to avoid exceeding the current specifications for the device.
Shorting an input to 5V will damage the CPLD.
Driving Loads with the Ports
The ports on the Flashlite 186 are capable of driving small loads or interfacing to TTL logic
devices. These ports can only source/sink a few milliamps. In order to interface with many loads,
additional circuitry, such as a transistor or relay, will be required. Designing the interface
between an output pin and a higher current load can present a challenge, especially if high speed
is required or the load is inductive in nature.
Hardware
IO Configuration Register (I/O Port 606 hex)
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Function Not
Used Not Used Port F DIR Port E DIR Port D DIR Port C DIR Port B DIR Port A DIR
Default 11000000
!

7
Flashlite 186 User’s Manual JK microsystems
Switching inductive loads such as relays, solenoids and motors can generate transient voltages
many times larger than the steady-state operating voltage of the load. For example, turning off a
12 volt solenoid can easily create a negative spike of 200 volts. Worst case, these transients can
destroy your controller. In milder cases, they can cause program failures and flash memory
corruption. In the case of high current, high inductance devices, the spike need not even be
directly connected to the controller to cause damage or program failure.
Controllers damaged by inductive spikes are considered to be abused and are not eligible
for warranty repair.
A detailed study of dealing with inductive spikes is beyond the scope of this manual. For more
information, a good starting point is The Art Of Electronics, 2nd Ed. (Horwitz and Hill, 1989)
pages 52-53.
The following items should be considered when driving inductive loads:
A) When driving a DC inductive load, place a diode in parallel with the load. In most cases,
the diode can be a general purpose power diode such as a 1N4002. The cathode (banded
end) of the diode should connect to the positive side of the load. Locate the diode as
physically close to the load as possible. This applies to a small relay driven by a port pin,
as well as a larger inductive load connected to the contacts of a relay.
B) If you are using a relay to switch an AC-powered inductive load, put a varistor in parallel
with the load. The varistor voltage rating should be about 1.5 times the peak-to-peak
steady-state voltage of the load.
C) Relays switching an inductive load may require a capacitor placed across their contacts.
0.1µF to 1.0µF is a good starting point. If the relays are switching an AC load, place a
100 ohm resistor in series with the capacitor.
D) Do not use the controller’s ground or power conductors to carry current from switched
inductive loads. Isolate these signals and route then directly to and from the power supply
and as far away from the controller as possible. A separate power source for large
inductive loads is strongly recommended. In the case of very large inductive loads, a
separate enclosure for the controller may be required.
Programming the Ports
The I/O ports are located in the processor I/O space. Using the ports requires the use of functions
unique to the x86 family of processors. Creating a pointer to the location may seem logical, but
that reference would be in memory space, not I/O space. The Borland C functions inport( port )
and outport( port,value )are 16 bit (word) instructions, inportb( port )and
outportb( port,value )are 8 bit (byte) instructions. These functions are part of the dos.h
header file. Similar functions (and header files) are available for other C compilers and
languages.
Hardware
!

JK microsystems Flashlite 186 User’s Manual
8
The following code illustrates the use of inportb() and outportb().
unsigned char port;
port = inportb(PORT_DIR); /* get value of dir. reg */
port |= PORT_DIR_MASK; /* set dir. bit for input */
outportb(PORT_DIR, port); /* write value to dir. reg */
printf("PORT: 0x%X\n", (int)inportb(PORT)); /* read & print port value */
Asynchronous Serial Ports
The Flashlite has 2 serial ports, Serial 0 and Serial 1. Both ports are internal to the R8822. These
UARTs are not compatible with the 16450 UARTs on a PC. The maximum data rate is 115k
Baud at RS-232 levels.
Serial 0 is wired as Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) for connection to a peripheral such as a
modem. This port is jumper configurable to be either RS-232, TTL level RS-232 (2 wire) or
half-duplex RS-485. When configured to use RS-232 levels, this is port implements the
handshaking RTS, CTS, and DCD control lines.
Serial 1 is wired as Data Communications Equipment (DCE) for direct connection to a computer
or terminal. This port is configured as a 3 wire RS-232 port implementing RxD and TxD.
The Serial Debug/Console port does not make use of a hardware UART. It is intended for
console and debugging purposes only and should not be used in a design requiring high data
throughput. Its design generates an interrupt for each bit of serial data, and puts a large load on
the processor when data is being received.
Driver functions for Serial 0 and Serial 1 are available in the CSPD.COM TSR and related .LIB
and .H files located in the Flashlite186/drivers subdirectory on the utilities CD.
Please refer to the RDC R8822 User’s Manual for specific information on the serial ports and
their configuration.
RS-485 Configuration
The Serial 0 port of the Flashlite can be configured and used for RS-485 communications. To
configure Serial 0 as RS-485, move the jumper on JP2 to the 1-2 location. RS-485 signals are
present on pins 1 and 2 of J5. The RTS line on Serial 0 is used to control the RS-485 transmitter.
Library functions are available for use with RS-485 in the supplied driver.
The RS-485 driver is internally looped back. Characters transmitted will appear in the UART
receiver. This condition is inherit with the RS-485 implementation and may present user
applications implications.
Hardware

9
Flashlite 186 User’s Manual JK microsystems
Watchdog Timer
The R8822 is equipped with a watchdog timer. The watchdog is configurable to generate either a
NMI or a processor reset. When enabled, software must keep the watchdog timer from timing out
indicating proper operation. If the watchdog timer expires, the configured action will be taken.
The watchdog signal is not available external to the R8822, so a full board reset is not possible.
DiskOnChip
M-Systems’DiskOnChip is a high performance single-chip Flash Disk. The DiskOnChip has
become the standard Flash Disk module for Embedded Single Board Computers. The
DiskOnChip is a Flash Disk in a standard 32-pin DIP package that has built-in TrueFFS (True
Flash File System) technology, allowing full read/write disk emulation. TrueFFS provides hard
disk compatibility at both the sector and file level.
The Flashlite currently supports the 8Meg Millennium DiskOnChip (MD2800-D08) with version
4.2 (or earlier) firmware. Other DiskOnChip capacities will function if they are loaded with the
correct firmware, however M-Systems will not guarantee that the older firmware will continue to
be supported on parts other than the MD2800.
Install the DiskOnChip module in the memory expansion socket U6. Note the location of pin 1.
Set the Memory Type jumpers (JP1) for Flash memory. If the DiskOnChip is installed and
functioning, there will be an installation message that is displayed during the boot process and a
C: drive will be available to DOS.
Bios Version 2.0 for Flashlite 186
DOC Socket Services - Version 0.2
(C) Copyright 1992-1996, M-Systems Ltd.
TrueFFS-BIOS -- Version 3.3.9 for DiskOnChip 2000 (V4.2)
Copyright (C) M-Systems, 1992-2000
DOS Version 3.3c for JK microsystems Flashlite
(C) HBS Corp and JK microsystems 1991-1999
B:\>
If, after the installation of a DiskOnChip, DOS fails to return a prompt, the DiskOnChip probably
has incompatible firmware and must be reformatted and it’s firmware reloaded.
Remove the DiskOnChip, reboot the board, and upload the file DOC.EXE from the utilities CD.
Power down the board, reinstall the DiskOnChip, and apply power while holding CNTL-C down.
Find the file DOC.EXE and execute it. It will extract 3 files. Execute the batch file
FMT_DOC.BAT and answer the prompts. This will format your DiskOnChip and load
compatible firmware. You may delete the 3 files after the operation is complete.
If your application requires the Flashlite to boot from a DiskOnChip, please contact
JK microsystems for more information and the configuration procedure.
Hardware

JK microsystems Flashlite 186 User’s Manual
10 Hardware
Jumpers
JP1 - Socket Memory Type / Boot Memory Location
This jumper selects the type of memory in the expansion socket. Available choices are SRAM or
Flash. Other memory types may be supported if their pinout is compatible with standard SRAM
or Flash chips. Jumper pins 1-2 and 3-4 for SRAM or pins 1-3 and 2-4 for Flash. This jumper
also allows the board to boot from the expansion socket. This is useful when performing field
updates of the on-board Flash memory or when using an operating system other than DOS.
Jumper pins 5-7 and 6-8 to boot from the on-board memory or jumper pins 7-9 and 8-10 to boot
from the expansion socket.
Default position: 1-3 and 2-4, Flash memory expansion.
5-7 and 6-8, Boot from on-board flash.
JP2 -Serial Port 0 Select
This jumper selects the drivers and header that will be used for the Serial 0 signals. Serial 0 can
be jumpered as half-duplex RS-485, TTL RS-232 (Rx and Tx), or RS-232 (Rx, Tx, RTS, CTS,
DCD). Install the jumper at location 1-2 for RS-485 signals on J5, 3-4 for TTL RS-232 signals
on J5 or 5-6 for RS-232 signals on J10.
Default position: 5-6, RS-232 Levels on J10.
NOTE: Only 1 jumper may be installed on JP2.
Cables and Connectors
The following tables show the signal name (direction) for each connector pin.
NOTE: N/C indicates no connection and PULLUP indicates a 1k ohm pullup resistor to Vcc.
Outputs are driven by the board and received by a peripheral. Inputs are driven by a
peripheral and received by the board.
Serial 0 is configured as a DTE port, and is generally used to communicate with a peripheral
device. Serial 1 is configured as a DCE port, generally being used to connect the Flashlite to
another computer. Serial Debug is configured as a DCE port, generally being used to connect the
Flashlite to another computer.
Pin one has a square PCB pad and the others are round. This should be visible on the bottom of
the PCB. Pin one will also be identified on the board silkscreen with a ‘1’and/or a dot. Dual row
headers have ODD numbered pins on one side and EVEN numbered pins on the other. The dual
row header numbering scheme follows the numbering for an IDC style ribbon cable. This
numbering may not be identical to connectors with discrete wires. Use caution when connecting
cables to the Flashlite.

JK microsystems Flashlite 186 User’s Manual
12 Software
J7 Port A & B
GND 1 2 Vcc
PA.3 3 4 PB.3
PA.2 5 6 PB.2
PA.1 7 8 PB.1
PA.0 9 10 PB.0
Table 2h: Port A&B Pinout
J11 Port E & F
GND 1 2 Vcc
GND 3 4 Vcc
INT3 5 6 3.3V
CLKB 7 8 3.3V
INT5 9 10 INT6
PE.7 11 12 PF.7
PE.6 13 14 PF.6
PE.5 15 16 PF.5
PE.4 17 18 PF.4
PE.3 19 20 PF.3
PE.2 21 22 PF.2
PE.1 23 24 PF.1
PE.0 25 26 PF.0
Table 2j: Port E&F Pinout
J9 Port C & D
GND 1 2 Vcc
GND 3 4 Vcc
INT2 5 6 3.3V
CLKA 7 8 3.3V
PIO0 9 10 PIO1
PC.7 11 12 PD.7
PC.6 13 14 PD.6
PC.5 15 16 PD.5
PC.4 17 18 PD.4
PC.3 19 20 PD.3
PC.2 21 22 PD.2
PC.1 23 24 PD.1
PC.0 25 26 PD.0
Table 2i: Port C&D Pinout

13
Flashlite 186 User’s Manual JK microsystems
Software
Supported PC BIOS Functions
The Flashlite BIOS supports the following functions (software interrupts) common to PC
compatible computers. Please refer to a DOS/PC reference for more information on DOS and
BIOS software interrupts.
Int 10h, Video Driver, functions 9 and 0Eh
Int 11h, Get Equipment Configuration
Int 12h, Get Memory Size
Int 13h, Disk Driver, Functions 0-4
Int 14h, Serial Port Driver, Functions 0-3
Int 16h, Keyboard Driver, Functions 0 and 1
Int 19h, Boot System
Int 1Ch, Hook Timer Tick Interrupt
Driver Library
Drivers for the hardware serial ports, alphanumeric LCDs and matrix keypads are supplied on the
utilities CD in the Drivers subdirectory.
For implementation details, see the README.TXT files and the driver source code for the
respective drivers.
Utilities

JK microsystems Flashlite 186 User’s Manual
14
Utilities
The Flashlite comes preloaded with several utilities to aid system development. These utilities
are located on drive A: of the Flashlite and/or the Utilities CD.
UP.COM
This utility facilitates uploading files to the Flashlite via the console port using the X-MODEM
transfer protocol. The utility requires the user to supply the name of the incoming file. Unless
otherwise specified, the file is placed in the active directory of the current drive. A write-protect
error will occur if UP tries to write to the read-only A: drive.
B:\>up
Upload file with X-MODEM Protocol
Usage: up file...
Version 2.0 for JK microsystems Flashlite V25 and 386Ex
B:\>up test.exe
Ready, start X-modem upload now,
Press CNTL-C to abort...
CCCC
B:\>
DOWN.COM
This utility facilitates downloading files from the Flashlite via the console port using the
X-MODEM transfer protocol. The utility requires the user to supply the name of the file to
transmit.
B:\>down
Download file with X-MODEM Protocol
Usage: down file...
Version 1.0 for JK microsystems SBC products
B:\>down test.exe
Ready, start X-modem download now,
B:\>
Utilities