Kanardia Indu Variometer User manual

INDU VARIOMETER
Manual
Kanardia d.o.o.
February 2020
© Kanardia d.o.o.
Revision 1.1

Variometer — Manual
Contact Information
Publisher and producer:
Kanardia d.o.o.
Lopata 24a
SI-3000
Slovenia
Tel: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
A lot of useful and recent information can be also found on the In-
ternet. See http://www.kanardia.eu for more details.
Copyright
This document is published under the Creative Commons, Attribution-
ShareAlike 3.0 Unported licence. Full license is available on http://
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode web page
and a bit more human readable summary is given on
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/. In short, the
license gives you right to copy, reproduce and modify this document
if:
 you cite Kanardia d.o.o. as the author of the original work,
 you distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar
license to this one.
Credits
This document was written using TeTeX (L
A
T
EX) based document
creation system using Kile running on Linux operating system. Most
1 © Kanardia 2015 - 2020

Variometer — Manual
of the figures were drawn using Open Office Draw and Inkscape ap-
plications. Photos and scanned material was processed using Gimp.
Sam2p was used to convert pictures into eps format. All docu-
ment sources are freely available on request under the licence men-
tioned above and can be obtained by email. Please send requests to
[e-mail].
Revision History
The following table shows the revision history of this document.
Rev. Date Description
1.0 Oct 2015 Initial release
1.1 Feb 2020 Revision
2 © Kanardia 2015 - 2020

Variometer — Manual CONTENTS
Contents
1 Introduction 4
1.1 General Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2 Technical Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.3 Options ......................... 5
1.3.1 Display ..................... 5
2 Installation 7
2.1 Mounting Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2 Connections....................... 7
2.2.1 Static Pressure - Pst .............. 7
2.2.2 CAN Bus - CAN ................. 8
2.2.3 Illumination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.2.4 Power - POWER .................. 10
3 Maintenance & Repair 10
4 Sensor Calibration 11
4.1 Calibration Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.2 Pressure Altitude Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.3 Altitude Derivative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5 Limited Conditions 12
5.1 Warranty ........................ 13
5.2 TSO Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3 © Kanardia 2015 - 2020

Variometer — Manual 1. Introduction
1 Introduction
First of all, we would like to thank you for purchasing our device.
Indu variometer is an electronic device, which mimics classical vari-
ometer construction and combines it with the state of the art elec-
tronics. This results in the best of both worlds; a perfect and intuitive
analogue reading combined with high precision of modern electronics.
This manual describes the technical description of the unit, installa-
tion and operation.
CAUTION: Indu Variometer is not TSO approved as a flight
instrument.
1.1 General Description
The variometer is an electromechanical device. It consist of high
precision electronic barometric sensor, which provides static pressure
information in digital form. The electronics reads the pressure sensor
and numerically calculates the altitude change. The result drives
stepper motor turning a needle. The calculated rate of change is also
shown on a colour LCD display. When connected to a CAN bus the
variometer outputs the vertical speed information. Analog scale is
divided lineary with a zero speed on the left side. An optional dim
knob can be connected to the device and it is used to adjust the
brightness of the screen.
1.2 Technical Specification
Table 1 shows some basic technical specification of Indu variometer.
4 © Kanardia 2015 - 2020

Variometer — Manual 1.3 Options
Description Value
Weight 57 mm: 150 g
80 mm: 200 g
Size (with connectors) 57 mm: 60 x 60 x 66 mm
80 mm: 82 x 82 x 66 mm
Panel hole (standard fit) 80 mm (3.15 inch)
57 mm (2.25 inch)
Altitude range -500 to 15000 m, (-1500 to 45000 feet)
Operational voltage 8 to 32 V
Power consumption 1.2 W
Current 100 mA at 12 V, 50 mA at 24 V
Operating temperature -30 ◦Cto +85 ◦C
Humidity 30 % -90 %, non condensing
Barometric sensor 24 bit, 10-1200 hPa, 20 cm resolution
Communication CAN bus, 29 bit header, 500 kbit,
Kanardia protocol
Table 1: Basic technical specifications.
1.3 Options
The instrument is available in two different sizes, different scale units
and different scale ranges. The scale units and range must be speci-
fied at the time of order.
The variometer is available in meters per second and feet per minute
units. The standard range is ±10 m/s or ±2000 fpm.
Different units and range is also possible with additional charges.
1.3.1 Display
Standard LCD display layout displays two values: Vario on top of
the screen and flight time on the bottom.
5 © Kanardia 2015 - 2020

Variometer — Manual 1.3 Options
(a) 57 mm
(b) 80 mm
Figure 1: Front and side view of the variometer with its principal
dimensions.
If you want a different LCD display layout, you can configure it your-
self with our Customizer desktop application.1This option requires
Kanardia’s Blu device for transfering the configuration from your an-
1Available from April 2020
6 © Kanardia 2015 - 2020

Variometer — Manual 2. Installation
droid device to your Indu Variometer. Please read our Customizer
Manual for more information.
2 Installation
The Indu variometer requires a standard size 80/57 mm hole in the
instrument panel. The position of the hole must ensure visibility
from the pilot’s perspective.
2.1 Mounting Dimensions
The mounting screw holes are located on a circle of 89/65 mm diam-
eter. The instrument is mounted using four screws type M4. To pre-
vent internal stresses, please make sure that the instrument panel is
flat. It is highly recommended that the instrument panel is mounted
using rubber shocks, which reduce the vibrations. Figure 2 illustrates
the panel cutout and mounting holes.
2.2 Connections
Figure 3 illustrates all connections at the back side of the instrument.
2.2.1 Static Pressure - Pst
Indu Variometer must be connected to the static pressure source.
Static pressure source is usually obtained from pressure sources lo-
cated on the fuselage side surfaces or from the static port on the pitot
tube.
Locate the existing tube, cut it at an appropriate place and insert a
T junction. Install a new tube from junction to the instrument.
7 © Kanardia 2015 - 2020

Variometer — Manual 2.2 Connections
(a) 57 mm
(b) 80 mm
Figure 2: Instrument panel cutout and mounting hole. Note: Figures
are not in scale.
It is highly recommended to keep the static tubing as short as pos-
sible. The tubing must avoid sharp bends and twists. The tubing
must be airtight. Water must not be allowed to enter the tubing.
It is strongly recommended to label each tube before connecting to
Indu Variometer. This will help a lot if you ever have to remove and
re-install the instrument.
2.2.2 CAN Bus - CAN
Connection to the CAN bus is optional and is not required for the
normal operation.
Use standard RJ45 ethernet cable to connect it with other Kanardia
equipment.
When connected to the bus, vaiometer will transmit vertical speed
to other units connected on the bus.
8 © Kanardia 2015 - 2020

Variometer — Manual 2.2 Connections
Figure 3: Back view of the 80 mm instrument with connections.
2.2.3 Illumination
LCD display brightness level can be adjusted. Here are two options:
new instruments have a push-rotate knob, while older instruments
have only rotating knob. When Indu Variometer is connected to the
CAN bus, the knob adjusts brightness of all instruments connected
to the bus.
On instruments with a push knob, simply push the knob, adjust the
brightness and push the knob once more.
For instruments with only rotation knob, an optional external il-
lumination knob can be connected to the back of the instrument.
Illumination knob part number is I-ALT-ILLUM and it must be or-
dered separately. Please refer also to section ?? on page ?? for the
activation procedure.
9 © Kanardia 2015 - 2020

Variometer — Manual 3. Maintenance & Repair
2.2.4 Power - POWER
Connect supplied connector at the back of Indu Variometer. The
connector has a notch on one side, which protects from wrong orien-
tation.
Connect blue lead to negative (ground) terminal and red lead to
positive (+12-24 V) terminal.
The cable side of power connector consists of the following parts:
 plastic part with a hook . . . W¨urth Elektronik, PN 649 002 113
322,
 two female crimp terminals . . . W¨urth Elektronik, PN 649 006
137 22,
 0.75 mm2(about AWG 18) red and blue leads.
The terminals have finitive number of mating cycles. They belong to
the 25 mating cycles quality class.
The power input shall be routed trough a suitable circuit breaker.
3 Maintenance & Repair
No special maintenance is required. A static leak test should be
performed annually and calibration check biannually. In the case of
small deviation, use the procedure described in section ??.
The instrument has no serviceable parts inside. In the case of mal-
function, it must be sent to factory for a repair.
10 © Kanardia 2015 - 2020

Variometer — Manual 4. Sensor Calibration
4 Sensor Calibration & Altitude Calcu-
lation
4.1 Calibration Procedure
Each unit is factory calibrated against reference barometer at dif-
ferent pressure points. In standard calibration range we calibrate in
following pressure sequence: 1100, 1000, 900, 800, 700, 600, 500, 400,
280, 550, 650, 750, 850, 950 and 1050 hPa. These measurements are
then repeated at different temperatures ranging from -10 to 60 ◦C in
7◦C steps.
Please note that FAA Part 43, Appendix E does not require calibra-
tion/verification at different temperatures. But temperature calibra-
tion is essential for any electronic sensor.
This means that each instrument is calibrated against 13 · 11 = 143
different temperature - pressure pairs. The least squares method is
then applied on this results in order to obtain corrections coefficients.
A two dimensional, third degree polynomial is used for the correction
model.
You can’t change calibration parameters, but you can adjust the
altitude. Please refer to the section ?? for more details.
4.2 Pressure Altitude Calculation
Pressure altitude is calculated according to the ISA 1976 model of
athmosphere. First two athmosphere layers are used; throposphere
and thropopause. The throposphere is modeled by equation (1) up
to 11000 meters of geopotential altitude. The thropopause layer is
modeled by equation (2) up to 20000 meters of geopotential altitude.
As the pressure sensor is calibrated down to 100 hPa (about 16000
meters) altitudes above 16000 meters are not reliable.
11 © Kanardia 2015 - 2020

Variometer — Manual 4.3 Altitude Derivative
p=p0"T0+T0
0
· z
T0#
−g0
RT 0
0(1)
p=p1exp "−g0(z−z1)
RT1#(2)
The equations converts geopotential altitude into pressure. Here z
means geopotential altitude, g0= 9.806645 m/s2is gravity constant,
R= 287.0528 N · m/kg · K. is gas constant for dry air, p0= 1013.25
hPa is standard pressure at sea level, p1= 226.321 hPa is standard
pressure at throposphere/thropopause limit, z1 = 11000 m is geopo-
tential altitude of the limit, T0= 288.15 K is temperature at sea
level, T1= 216.65 K is temperature at limit and T0
0=−0.0065 K/m
is temperature gradient in throposphere.
Besides the equations given below, their inverse and derivatives of
inverse are also used.
4.3 Altitude Derivative
Altitude calculated from pressure is numerically derived to get rate
of altitude change – vertical speed. The derivative is mathematically
correct and as such does not introduce any error. We are using
multiple point numerical derivation.
5 Limited Conditions
Although a great care was taken during the design, production, stor-
age and handling, it may happen that the Product will be defective
in some way. Please read the following sections about the warranty
and the limited operation to get more information about the subject.
12 © Kanardia 2015 - 2020

Variometer — Manual 5.1 Warranty
5.1 Warranty
Kanardia d.o.o. warrants the Product manufactured by it against
defects in material and workmanship for a period of twenty-four (24)
months from retail purchase.
Warranty Coverage
Kanardia’s warranty obligations are limited to the terms set forth
below:
Kanardia d.o.o. warrants the Kanardia-branded hardware product
will conform to the published specification when under normal use
for a period of twenty-four months (24) from the date of retail pur-
chase by the original end-user purchaser (”Warranty Period”). If a
hardware defect arises and a valid claim is received within the War-
ranty Period, at its option and as the sole and exclusive remedy
available to Purchaser, Kanardia will either (1) repair the hardware
defect at no charge, using new or refurbished replacement parts, or
(2) exchange the product with a product that is new or which has
been manufactured from new or serviceable used parts and is at least
functionally equivalent to the original product, or, at its option, if (1)
or (2) is not possible (as determined by Kanarida in its sole discre-
tion), (3) refund the purchase price of the product. When a refund is
given, the product for which the refund is provided must be returned
to Kanardia and becomes Kanardia’s property.
Exclusions and Limitations
This Limited Warranty applies only to hardware products manufac-
tured by or for Kanardia that have the ”Kanardia” trademark, trade
name, or logo affixed to them at the time of manufacture by Ka-
nardia. The Limited Warranty does not apply to any non-Kanardia
13 © Kanardia 2015 - 2020

Variometer — Manual 5.1 Warranty
hardware products or any software, even if packaged or sold with Ka-
nardia hardware. Manufacturers, suppliers, or publishers, other than
Kanardia, may provide their own warranties to the Purchaser, but
Kanarida and its distributors provide their products AS IS, without
warranty of any kind.
Software distributed by Kanardia (with or without the Kanardia’s
brand name including, but not limited to system software) is not cov-
ered under this Limited Warranty. Refer to the licensing agreement
accompanying such software for details of your rights with respect to
its use.
This warranty does not apply: (a) to damage caused by use with non-
Kanardia products; (b) to damage caused by accident, abuse, misuse,
flood, fire, earthquake or other external causes; (c) to damage caused
by operating the product outside the permitted or intended uses de-
scribed by Kanardia; (d) to damage caused by service (including
upgrades and expansions) performed by anyone who is not a repre-
sentative of Kanardia or an Kanarida Authorized Reseller; (e) to a
product or part that has been modified to significantly alter function-
ality or capability without the written permission of Kanardia; (f)
to consumable parts, such as batteries, unless damage has occurred
due to a defect in materials or workmanship; or (g) if any Kanardia
serial number has been removed, altered or defaced.
To the extent permitted by applicable law, this warranty and reme-
dies set forth above are exclusive and in lieu of all other warranties,
remedies and conditions, whether oral or written, statutory, express
or implied, including, without limitation, warranties of merchantabil-
ity, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, and any war-
ranties against hidden or latent defects. If Kanardia cannot lawfully
disclaim statutory or implied warranties then to the extent permitted
by law, all such warranties shall be limited in duration to the dura-
tion of this express warranty and to repair or replacement service as
determined by Kanardia in its sole discretion. Kanardia does not
14 © Kanardia 2015 - 2020

Variometer — Manual 5.2 TSO Information
warrant that the operation of the product will be uninterrupted or
error-free. Kanardia is not responsible for damage arising from fail-
ure to follow instructions relating to the product’s use. No Kanardia
reseller, agent, or employee is authorized to make any modification,
extension, or addition to this warranty, and if any of the foregoing
are made, they are void with respect to Kanardia.
Limitation of Liability
To the extent permitted by applicable law, Kanardia is not responsi-
ble for indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages resulting
from any breach of warranty or condition, or under any other legal
theory, including but not limited to loss of use; loss of revenue; loss of
actual or anticipated profits (including loss of profits on contracts);
loss of the use of money; loss of anticipated savings; loss of busi-
ness; loss of opportunity; loss of goodwill; loss of reputation; loss of,
damage to or corruption of data; or any other loss or damage how-
soever caused including the replacement of equipment and property,
any costs of recovering, programming, or reproducing any program
or data stored or used with Kanardia products and any failure to
maintain the confidentiality of data stored on the product. Under no
circumstances will Kanardia be liable for the provision of substitute
goods or services. Kanardia disclaims any representation that it will
be able to repair any product under this warranty or make a prod-
uct exchange without risk to or loss of the programs or data. Some
jurisdictions do not allow for the limitation of liability for personal
injury, or of incidental or consequential damages, so this limitation
may not apply to you.
5.2 TSO Information — Limited Operation
This product is not TSO approved as a flight instrument. Therefore,
the manufacturer will not be held responsible for any damage caused
15 © Kanardia 2015 - 2020

Variometer — Manual 5.2 TSO Information
by its use. The Kanardia is not responsible for any possible damage
or destruction of any part on the airplane caused by default operation
of instrument.
16 © Kanardia 2015 - 2020