Kaypro 10 User manual

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COPYRIGHT AND TRADEMARK
© 1983 Kaypro Corporation. KAYPRO 10 is a registered trademark of Kaypro
Corporation.
DISCLAIMER Kaypro Corporation hereby disclaims any and all liability resulting
from the failure of other manufacturers' software to be operative within and
upon the
KAYPRO 10 computer, due to Kaypro's inability to have tested each
entry
of software.
LIMITED WARRANTY Kaypro Corporation warrants each new instrument or
computer against defects in material orworkmanship fora period of ninety days
from date
of delivery to the original customer. Fuses are excluded from this
warranty. This warranty is specifically limited to the replacement or repair of
any such defects, without charge, when the complete instrument is returned to
one of our authorized dealers or Kaypro Corporation, 533 Stevens Avenue,
Solana Beach, California 92075, transportation charges prepaid.
This express warranty excludes all other warranties, express or implied, in-
~uding, but not limited to, impliedwarranties of merchantability, and fitness for
~ -,rpose, and KAYPRO CORPORATION IS NOT LIABLE FOR A BREACH OF
WARRANTY IN AN AMOUNT EXCEEDING THE PURCHASE PRICE OF THE
GOODS. KAYPRO CORPORATION SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR INCIDENTAL
OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES. No liability is assumed for damage due to
accident, abuse, lack of reasonable care, or loss
of parts.
REDIRECTION Please first direct all queries and problems to your dealer.

CONTENTS
MEET KAYPRO 10!
Meet KAYPRO 10! ................................................... 1
Unpacking your
KAYPRO 10 ........................................... 2
What you will need
.................................................. 3
Setting
upyour KAYPRO 10 ........................................... 4
BECOMING ACQUAINTED WITH YOUR COMPUTER
The cursor and cursor keys ........................................... 10
Keys on the left of the keyboard ....................................... 11
Keys on the right of the keyboard ...................................... 12
The keypad ......................................................... 13
The big green screen ................................................. 14
Memory ............................................................ 15
Storage of programs and information .................................... 18
Care of diskettes .................................................... 17
Nam.ing fi.les ........................................................ 21
The setup of the hard disk ............................................ 22
Cold boot and warm boot ............................................. 23
STARTING THE COMPUTER
Starting your KAYPRO 10 ............................................. 25
Finding files on the hard disk .......................................... 28
Turning off your KAYPRO 10 ........................................... 30
USING UTILITY FILES
CP/M -the program which operates the KAYPRO 10 ..................... 31
Copying files from one userarea into another user area ................... 33
Erasing files ........................................................ 35
Formatting a diskette ................................................ 36
Copying files to diskettes ............................................. 37
Backing up your files ................................................ 39
Copying diskettes to the hard disk ..................................... 44

Checking a hard disk for bad sectors ................................... 45
Verifying a hard disk ................................. '.' .............. 47
USING GRAPHICS ON THE KAYPRO 10
Using graphics on the KAYPRO 10 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 51
Video graphics and attributes command set ........................... .; .52
Drawing graphics . 00 ••••• 0 •••• 0• 0 ••••••••••••••••• 0 ••••••••••• 0•• 0•• 52
Cursor positioning ........... 00000000•• 0• 00• 0 ••• 00 ••• 000• 0000 ••• 0 ••• 54
Graphics characters 0• 000 ••• 0• 000•• 0 ••••• 0 •• 000 ••• 00• 0• 00• 00 ••• 0 •••• 055
Characterattributes commands 0• 0 •••• 0•• 0• 0 ••• 0 ••••• 0• 00 ••••••••••••• 56
Summary of commands ... 0000000• 00• 00000•• 000 ••• 000 ••• 0• 0• 0 •••••••• 57
TECHNICAL INFORMATION
Troubleshooting 0 ••• 000 •• 00000• 00• 0 •••••• 0• 00• 0 ••• 0• 0 •••.•••••••••••• 61
Maintenance .... 000 ••• 0 ••••• 0 •••• 0 ••• 00 •• 0 ••• 0• 00 ••• 0 ••••••• 0 •• 00• 064
Connecting a printer ... 0• 0• 0 •••••• 0 ••• 0 •••• 0 •• 0 •• 0 •• ~ 0 ••••••••• 00• 0 •• 65
Parallel printer 00 •• 0 ••• 0• 00• 000• 00 •••• 0 •••• 0 •• 0 ••• 0 •••••••••••••••••• 65
Serial printer ............................... 000 •• 0• 000 •• 00•• 0 •••• 00 .67
Kaypro serial printerport - RS232C . 0 •••• 000• 00• 0000• 000 •• 0 •••• 000 •••• 68
Serial port aSSignments . 00• 00• 0 •••• 0 •.•••••••••••••••••••••••• 000• 0• 069
Baud rate table o. 0 ••• 0 ••••••••••••••••• 0 •••• 0 ••••• 0 ••••••• 0 ••••••••• 69
lio port addresses .. 0 ••• 00• 0 ••• 0 ••• 0 ••• 0• 0 ••• 0 •• 0•• 0 ••••••• 0 •••• 0 •••• 70
Schematic: Printer Port ......... 0• 0 •••.•••••••• 0 •••••••••••••• 0 •••. 0•• 72
Schematic: Serial, Modem, and Keyboard Port ........... 0 •••••••••• 0 •••• 73
Rebuilding system tracks .. 0 ••••• 0 •••••••••• 0 •• 0 ••.• 0 •••.•••••••••• 0•• 74
Memory map of the KAYPRO 10 computer .......... 0 •••••••••••••••••••• 75
Common control functions in CP/M programs ............................ 76
Video command protocol for KAYPRO 10 ••••••••••••••• 0 •••••••••••••••• 77
ASCII chart ................. 00• 00• 0 ••••••• 0 •••••••• 0• 00 ••••••• 0000•• 79
Reconfiguring the keypad . 0 •• 0•• 0• 00•• 000• 0 ••• 000. 0 ••••••••••• 0• 0•• 0 .80
Reconfiguring the arrow keys ...... 0 ••••••• 00 •••••• 0• 0 •••••••• 0 ••••••• 80
Reconfiguring the keypad forWordStar ............ 0 •••••••••••••••••••• 80
Program to turn off the keyboard beeper ........................... 0 •••• 81
Appendix A - How to use MUFBAR ..................................... 82
Appendix B - System status messages ............................ 0 ••• 94
Appendix C - Temperature adjustment for your KAYPRO 10 ••.•••••••••••. 96
Glossary ........................................................ ' ... 98

Meet KAYPRO 10!
We hope that you will enjoy many useful and
pleasurable years with your computer -
whether at business or at home.
If you've never used a computer before, we'll in-
troduce you to the
KAYPRO 10 with step-by-
step
instructio~s to help you get started right
away.
If you're an old hand at computer operation, we
know you're eager to get started, but PLEASE
take a few minutes to read the instructions for
getting started with your
KAYPRO 10. It will
save time and prevent problems.
Many of the terms used in this manual are ex-
plained in the glossary at the back.
1

UNPACKING YOUR KAYPRO 10
When unpacking your KAYPRO 10, be sure to save the packing materials in case
you want to ship it some day. The box should also contain the following:
Manuals for the software
KAYPRO ownership documents
Coiled cable (found when the computer
is opened)
2

WHAT YOU WILL NEED
BLANK DISKETIES
It is advisable
to have blank diskettes for backing up the files in which you store
information, such as: text files, mailing lists, and programs which you
write. The
KAYPRO 10 uses 51f4-inch single-sided or double-sided, double-
density, soft-sector floppy diskettes. If you value the information you'll be store
ing, don't buy low-quality diskettes.
WORK SURFACE
You will want a work surface with leg room underneath.
POWER REQUIREMENTS
Power requirements for the ,KAYPRO 10 are 115 to 125 VAC, 50 to 60 Hertz at 60
watts (normal house current). The outlet should be grounded. Your dealer can
switch the power supply
to 220 VAC if you want to take your computer overseas.
For power requirements for peripherals such
as a printer, consult the owner's
manual for the peripheral.
OPTIONAL LINE FILTER
If you have heavy machinery operating from the same power source,
or if you ex-
perience frequent power shortages or surges, it may be advisable to use a line
filter. Even machines such as air conditioners, irons, and electric drills can
cause problems.
OPTIONAL BACKUP
POWER SOURCE
To provide continuous power in case of a power outage, backup power sources
are available from various manufacturers. Contact your dealer about this.
3

SETTING UP YOUR KAYPRO 10
1. Set the KAYPRO 10 on the work surface where you want the keyboard to be,
because
the keyboard is on the bottom. While it is in this position, look at
the rear panel to locate the controls, switches, and ports.
J6 PARALLEL
RESET BUnON PAINTER
IIIIIIIII
POWER SWITCH
INTERFACe
JACKS
J5 KEYBOARD
J4 SERIAL J3 MODEM
PRINTER I/O PORT
IIIIIII'III'~
4
o
BRIGHTNESS
CONTROL

I. 2. Then, turn the KAYPRO 10 so the ventilated side faces away from your work
position.
3. Unwind the AC line power cord, but DO NOT PLUG IT IN YET.
4. Push down the tops of the latches on both sides of the KAYPRO; then pull
out the bottoms of the latches to detach them from the keyboard.
I~
5

5. Carefully lift the computer off the keyboard, and lay it on the working sur·
face with the large, ventilated surface down.
6. Place the keyboard where you can use it comfortably.
7. Raise the front of the computer, and pull down the metal stand.
6

8. Plug one end of the coiled cable into the J5 keyboard jack on the back
panel of the computer. The protrusion on the plastic connector should be
up.
9. Plug the other end of the cable into the jack on the back of the keyboard.
The protrusion on the plastic connector should
be down.
7

10. Route the coiled cable under the computer.
11. Turn the latch at the front of the drive counterclockwise from horizontal
to vertical and remove the cardboard disk-drive protector from the disk
drive.
If you close the computer to carry it, reinsert this protector. A handy place
to keep the protector is tucked under the handle on the back of the com-
puter. If you ever ship your KAYPRO 10, be sure to place the protector in
the
disk drive, or the drive warranty will be void.
12. Make sure the ON-OFF rocker-type switch on the back of the computer is
turned OFF (down).
13. Then connect the computer to the power source.
Before you turn the
computer ON, take the time to read the next section. It
contains information regarding memory, the CP/M operating system, the
screen, the cursor, and floppy diskettes.
8

BECOMING ACQUAINTED WITH YOUR COMPUTER
.q\
• •
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9

THE CURSOR AND CURSOR KEYS
The cursor is a place marker to show where information can be entered. On the
KAYPRO 10, it is indicated by a flashing rectangle. The next character you type
will appear at this location.
When you are using certain programs, you can use the cursor keys (arrow keys)
to move the cursor freely in any direction on the screen:
UP DOWN LEFT RIGHT
You can use the CONFIG program to change the arrow keys to act as any
character or control key that you desire. Look in the index under, "arrow keys,
reconfiguring."
These keys will not function in
this manner in CP/M.
10

KEYS ON THE LEFT OF THE KEYBOARD
SHIFT
11
The ESCape key is used accord-
ing to instructions.
The
TAB key moves the cursor
horizontally a set number of
spaces and inserts those
spaces, depending on the pro-
gram in use.
The CONTROL key is used simul-
taneously with
letter keys to do
certain functions. Depress the
CTRL key; then, while it is de-
pressed, type
the letter. Some-
times the control function will
display as a" character followed
by a s~cond character.
The CAPS LOCK key puts alpha-
betic characters in upper case.
Press once to activate it (the red
Iight on the key goes on), and
press again to deactivate it.
The SHIFT key
is used simultan-
eously
with letter keys to put
alphabetic characters in upper
case. It also accesses the char-
acters on the upper part
of keys
which have
two characters, for
example @ and ?

KEYS ON THE RIGHT OF THE KEYBOARD
The BACKSPACE key moves the
cursor backward, sometimes
deleting the character over
which
it moves, depending on
the program being used.
The DELETE key echoes the
pre vi0 usc ha ra cter whiIe
deleting it. You wi II see this
happen if you try to use the key
to correct command lines. It
has other functions, depending
on the program being used. For
instance, in word processing
programs,
it simply deletes the
previous character, much like a
self-correcting typewriter.
The
RETURN key moves the cur-
sor down a line and returns the
cursor to the left of the
screen. It also tells the com-
puter to execute a command
and has various other uses.
<RET> and <CR> are computer
symbols to indicate that you
should press the return key.
The LINE FEED key moves the
cursor down one line with no
return to the left.
SHIFT
12

THE KEYPAD
To the right of the main keyboard are 14 keys in a numeric calculator-style
layout.
With the exception of a few control keys, such as CTRL, ESC, and RETURN, a·1I
of the keys, including the cursor movement keys, will automatically repeat when
held down.
I D
E
N
T
E
R
You can use the CONFIG program to change the keys on·the keypad to act as
any character
or control key that you desire. WSKPCONF will allow you to pro-
gram the keypad for use with WordStar. Look in the index under "keypad, recon- .
figuring."
13

THE BIG GREEN SCREEN
The video screen displays information communicated between you and the
computer, such as characters typed
on the keyboard, stored information, and
prompts (requests for you to type information).
The screen holds
1,920 characters in 80 vertical columns and 24 horizontal lines.
There is another (25th) line,
wh ich is a status line.
The character set is the standard ASCII set.
You can adjust the brightness of the display by turning the brightness knob on
the back panel.
14

MEMORY
Data is stored in the KAYPRO 10 by
means of:
.• ROM (Read Only Memory)
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
• the hard disk
ROM is the smallest portion of memory -about 4 kbytes (4,000 bytes). ROM
contains unchanging programs and information most frequently used.
RAM holds 64 kilobytes (64 thousand bytes). RAM can be read from and written
to.
RAM is lost when the computer's power is turned off, so, if you want to save
a program or data which you have put in
RAM, you will have to save it on the
hard disk.
The hard disk holds
10 million bytes of information that may be stored, retrieved,
changed, and erased, as necessary. If the information you are storing has con-
tinuing value for you, you will want to back up the information which is
on hard
disk
by copying the information to a floppy diskette.
15

STORAGE OF PROGRAMS AND INFORMATION
Information is stored in the form of files. The number of files that can be stored
on a disk depends on how much information is in each file.
The
hard disk contains the CP/M program, which operates the computer, and the
software programs. The hard disk is permanently fixed within the machine. The
head disk interface
~s vulnerable to rough handling when moving the computer.
On the KAYPRO 10, diskette storage is used to back up files which are on the
hard disk. The
KAYPRO 10 uses 51f .. -inch single-sided or double-sided, double-
density soft-sector diskettes. Single-sided diskettes can store 195K bytes, and
double-sided diskettes can store 390K bytes.
4K bytes of space are reserved for
the operating system and other essentials.
16