Kenko Kfm-2100 User manual

FLASH

MET

KFM-2

1

INSTRUCTION

MANUAL

5

ISO

LATITUDE

MODE

CLR

S/AlH

MEMORY

Instruction

Manual

FLASH

METER

KFM-2100

The

Kenko

Flash

Meter

KFM-2100

has

the

following

features:

@The

integrated

exposure

meter

combines

incident

light

measurement

and

spot

(reflected

light)

measurement

in

a

single

unit.

@For

spot

measurement,

the

Flash

Meter

KFM-2100

uses

a

parallax-free

optical

system.

This

eliminates

the

displacement

of

the

measurement

area

that

varies

with

the

distance

from

the

subject.

@With

the

latitude

display

function,

the

Flash

Meter

KFM-2

100

сап

simultaneously

display

the

results

of

both

incident

light

measurement

and

spot

light

measurement.

It

provides

a

clear

and

simple

graphical

decision

process

for

determining

the

exposure

suited

to

the

nature

of

the

photograph.

@With

the

analyze

scale,

you

can

determine

the

proportion

of flash

light

and

ambient

light

in

a

single

flash

light

measurement.

@The

Flash

Meter

KFM-2100

provides

a

memory

function

capable

of

storing

up

to

10

measured

values;

an

averaging

function

that

calculates

an

average

exposure

from

stored

measurement

data;

and

a

brightness

difference

function

that

displays

deviation

from

the

standard

exposure.

@For

spot

measurement,

both

shadow-based

and

highlight-based

exposure

calculation

functions

are

provided.

Q

The

Flash

Meter

KFM-2100

provides

a

"custom

setting

(Alt)

mode"

that

allows

you

tocustomize

the

meter

according

to

your

preference.

This

feature

includes

an

exposure

correction

value

setting

function

and

a

shutter

speed

increment-setting

function.

©

Measurement

results

are

shown

on

both

the

analog

and

digital

displays

on

the

meter's

data

panel.

The

clear

and

legible

display

eliminates

reading

errors.

@The

results

of

spot

measurements

are

shown

on

the

digital

display

in

the

viewfinder

and

on

the

external

data

panel.

The

viewfinder

features

a

dioptric

adjustment

mechanism.

Qn

addition

to

displaying

a

conventional

10-level

intermediate

f-number

display,

the

Flash

Meter

KFM-2

100

provides

an

f-number

direct

reading

display.

This

enables

the

measured

value

to

be

applied

to

any

camera

with

an

fnumber

direct

reading

display,

eliminating

the

need

for

f-number

conversion.

Kenko

CO.,LTD.

^

Tokyo

Japan

2

Names

of

Parts

and

Displays

@Data

panel

displays

@Viewfinder

display

Preparations

-------

@Battery

----

1.Preparing

2.Inserting

3.Checking

@Setting

film

speed

---

@Setting

instant

film

speed

for

test

shooting

G

Selecting

a

measuring

method

suitable

for

the

light-receiving

method

·

T.Incident

light

measurement:

2.Spot

measurement

·

-

*Difference

between

incidentJight

and

Spot

(reflected-light)

readings

----11

Basic

Орегаһоп:““%“:-:-%:5:5:%55555555555-.-..1

1666666.

6Ш

өн нн

Т.

@Select

а

measuring

method

@Measuring

ambient

light

---

1.With

a

still

camera

-----

2.

With

a

cine

camera

·

-

G

Measuring

flash

light

--

6

XX

XXX

1.With

an

over-the-counter

sync

cord

«88

16

2.

Without

an

over-the-counter

sync

cord

(Incident

light

measurement)

--19

*Light

Ratio

Analyze

function

:«:-:e

66е

21

Special

Functions

@

Latitude

display

function

se

*Combining

incident

light

measurement

and

spot

measurement

-

GO

Memory

function

*:

е

MOS.

@S/A/H

(Shadow/Average/Highlight)

calculations

G

Brightness

difference

function

G

Measuring

lighting

ratio

using

the

Flat

Diffuser

Q9

Using

the

KFM-2100

as

a

simplified

illuminance

meter

--

-

Q

Using

the

KFM-2100

as

a

simplified

luminance

meter

G

Custom

settings

mode

(Alt

mode)

>----------------

4...

0).

Accessories

Care

and

Storage

-

1.

Care

---

2.

Storage

····

Handling

Instructions

+++

Specifications

:«««

ееееееееееееееее

еее

nnne

The

following

icons

are

used

in

this

manual

to

alert

you

to

important

information

for

preventing

accidents

due

to

improper

handling

of

the

instrument.

This

indicates

a

danger

that

improper

use

of

A

WARNING

the

instrument

will

read

to

the

death

or

serious

injury

of

the

user.

This

indicates

a

danger

that

improper

use

CAUTION

of

the

instrument

will

lead

to

the

injury

to

the

user

or

to

property

damage.

This

denotes

actions

to

be

strictly

&

PROHIBITION

avices.

Make

sure

to

avoid

these

actions.

This

denotes

actions

to

be

avoided.

®

RPOHIBITION

Do

not

attempt

to

disassemble

the

product.

To

ensure

proper

use

of

the

instrument,

take

special

care

to

observe

the

following

handling

instructions

when

using

this

instrument.

Read

this

instruction

manual

carefully

and

keep

it

securely

in

a

place

where

you

can

refer

to

it

readily.

WARNING

Do

not

use

the

instrument

in

a

place

where

inflammable

or

combustible

vapors

(e.g.

gasoline)

are

present.

Otherwise

there

is

a

risk

of

causing

a

fire.

Do

not

throw

batteries

into

fire.

Do

not

recharge

(nonrechargeable

batteries),

short

circuit,

heat

or

disassemble

batteries.

Otherwise,

there

is

a

risk

of

causing

fire

or

injury

due

to

an

explosion

or

fluid

leakage.

ООР

Never

attempt

to

disassemble

ог

modify

the

instrument

yourself.

Otherwise

there

is

a

risk

of

causing

fire

or

electric

shock.

Never

attempt

to

look

directly

at

the

sun

through

the

viewfinder

of

the

instrument.

Doing

so

will

damage

your

eyesight.

The

instrument

should

not

be

operated

if

it

is

damaged,

or

smoke

or

odd

smells

occur.

Doing

so

may

result

in

a

fire.

In

such

situations

turn

off

the

power

immediately,

disconnect

the

AC

adapter,

and

contact

the

nearest

authorized

service

facility

for

repair.

CAUTION

Do

not

use

any

batteries

other

than

those

designated

for

use

with

the

instrument.

When

fitting

batteries,

make

sure

to

align

them

according

to

the

polarity

shown

on

the

instrument

(plus

"+"

and

minus

"—").

Otherwise

there

is

a

risk

that

the

batteries

may

leak

or

become

damaged,

leading

to

fire,

injury

or

pollution

of

the

surrounding

environment.

Do

not

walk

around

while

looking

into

the

viewfinder.

Doing

so

may

result

in

a

fall

or

other

accident.

OP

ooe

Keep

the

instrument

out

of

reach

of

children.

Fall

of

the

instrument

may

cause

injury,

and

twining

of

the

strap

around

the

neck

can

cause

suffocation.

STATEMENT

OF

FCC

COMPLIANCE

This

equipment

has

been

tested

and

found

to

comply

with

the

limits

for

a

Class

B

digital

device,

pursuant

to

Part

15

of

the

FCC

Rules.

These

limits

are

designed

to

provide

reasonable

protection

against

harmful

interference

in

a

residential

installation.

This

equipment

generates,

uses

and

can

radiate

radio

frequency

energy

and,

if

not

installed

and

used

in

accordance

with

the

instructions,

may

cause

harmful

interference

to

radio

communications.

However,

there

is

no

guarantee

that

interference

will

not

occur

in

a

particular

installation.

If

this

equipment

does

cause

harmful

interference

to

radio

or

television

reception,

which

can

be

determined

by

turning

the

equipment

off

and

on,

the

user

is

encouraged

to

try

to

correct

the

interference

by

one

or

more

of

the

following

measures:

@Reorient

or

relocate

the

receiving

antenna.

@Increase

the

separation

between

the

equipment

and

receiver.

G

Connect

the

equipment

into

an

outlet

on

a

circuit

different

from

that

to

which

the

receiver

is

connected.

G

Consult

the

dealer

or

an

experienced

radio/TV

technician

for

help.

This

Class

B

digital

apparatus

complies

with

Canadian

ІСЕ5-003.

Names

of

Parts

and

Displays

Incident

light

receptor

adjustment

dial

Spot

measurement

POWER

button

viewfinder

a

Ке

5 :

EN

Spot

measuring

r

Ed

Incident

light

button

measuring

button

Up/down

dial

ISO

LATITUDE

MODE

ISO

button

0

||

CLR

S/A/H

MEMORY]

SEV]

LATITUDE

button

MODE

button

MEMORY

button

S/A/H

button

Sync

terminal

Strap

eyelet

CLR

(Clear)

button

©)

Instant

film

ISO

button

Battery

chamber

cover

Data

panel

displays

1.

Analog

scale

status

indicator

4.

Measurement

data

status

indicator

інін

"101

15

TIME

CINEmsf/s

(eiii

ІШЦІТІ

i—

5.

S/A/H

indicator

—

6.

@

indicator

Pointers

——-

3.

Analog

scale

R

2.

Analog

scale

L

For

the

purpose

of

explanation,

the

diagram

above

shows

al

indicators

that

light

up

on

the

LCD.

Names

of

Parts

and

Displays

T.Analog

scale

status

indicator

The

left

(L)

and

right

(R)

analog

scales

are

used

for

incident

light

measurement

and

spot

measurement,

respectively.

2.Analog

scale

L

The

display

of

the

pointers

corresponds

to

measurement

data

and

memory

data

for

incident

light

measurement.

It

also

corresponds

to

the

standard

exposure

or

latitude

for

incident

light

measurement

or

spot

measurement.

The

small

digit

to

the

right

of

the

two-digit

22

reading

(f-number)

on

the

digital

16

readoutindicates

a

fractional

value

Upper

limit

11

between

stops.

The

value

shown

on

the

=

analog

display

is

rounded

down

or

up

to

8

the

nearest

0.5

stops.

(Values

of

0.2

or

Standard

—

—me

5.6

lower

are

rounded

down

to

O;

those

of

0.3

value

4

to

O.7

are

rounded

to

0.5;

and

those

of

=

0.8

or

greater

are

rounded

up

to

1.)

Lower

limit

28

When

a

latitude

range

is

indicated,

all

dots

2

between

the

upper

and

lower

limits

are

lit.

14

3.Analog

scale

R

The

display

of

the

pointers

corresponds

to

measurement

data

and

memory

data

for

spot

measurement.

The

small

digit

to

the

right

of

the

two-digit

reading

(f-number)

on

the

digita

readout

indicates

a

fractional

value

between

stops.

The

value

shown

on

the

analog

display

is

rounded

down

or

up

to

the

nearest

O.5

stops.

(Values

of

0.2

or

lower

are

rounded

down

to

O;

those

of

0.3

to

0.7

are

rounded

to

0.5;

and

those

of

0.8

or

greater

are

rounded

up

to

1.)

4.Measurement

data

status

indicator

When

a

value

measured

with

incident

light

measurement

is

displayed,

the

indicator

appears.

When

a

value

measured

with

spot

measurement

is

displayed,

the

indicator

appears.

5.S/A/H

indicator

Holding

down

the

S/A/H

button

while

a

measured

value

is

displayed

lights

the

S,

A

or

H

indicator

corresponding

to

the

currently

selected

AG

mode.

6.

ЄЗ

indicator

This

indicator

turns

on

when

the

LATITUDE

button

is

pressed.

Names

of

Parts

and

Displays

De

о

Ac

f608440444544444444444411»?

A

>

сл

--

7.

Digital

readout

со

n»

R

a

-

т»

=

[x

peu

=

—

C»

TIME

CINEmsf/s

‘|

—

8.

Shutter

speed/

|

(Гі

ГІ ГІ

ГІ

|

framingrate

display

(LILI

GG

LG

ET

о

—

9.

Analyze

scale

—

1О.Навһ

light

measuring

indicator

ғо

мэ чь

сл

со

I—

11.Film

speed

display

=

>

A

a

e|

I—

12.Measuring

mode

display

POs

For

the

purpose

of

explanation,

the

diagram

above

shows

all

indicators

that

light

up

on

the

LCD.

6

7.Digital

readout

When

the

measurement

data

display

unit

is

set

to

"FNo."

or

"FNo.

direct

reading,"

the

f-number

(FNo.)

is

displayed.

When

the

display

unit

is

setto

"EV,"

the

exposure

value

(EV)

is

displayed

in

O.1-stop

increments.

For

flash

light

measurement,

only

the

FNo.

display

mode

is

available.

Holding

down

the

incident

light

measuring

button

or

spot

measuring

button

(which

activates

the

brightness

difference

function)

in

latitude

display

mode

causes

AEV

(deviation

from

the

standard

exposure)

to

be

displayed.

When

the

measuring

button

is

released,

the

standard

exposure

is

displayed.

8.Shutter

speed/framing-rate

display

Displays

the

shutter

speed

or

frame

rate

specified

with

the

Up/down

dial.

When

shutter

speed

is

between

O.6

to

50

sec,

s

is

displayed;

between

1

min.

and

30

min.,

m

is

displayed.

Setting

range:

Shutter

speed:

30

min.

to

1/16000

sec.

(1,

1/2,

1/3

stops)

Framing-rate:

8,

12, 16,

18,

24,

25, 30,

32,

64,128

f/s

9.Analyze

scale

Displays

the

proportion

of

flash

light

in

the

total

exposure

value

obtained

from

flash

light

measurement.

For

more

information

on

the

Light

Ratio

Analyze

function,

see

p.

21.

10.Flash

light

measuring

indicator

This

indicator

appears

together

with

the

analyze

scale

in

CORD

and

NON

CORD

mode.

11.180

speed

display

Displays

the

ISO

speed

setting.

Holding

down

the

@)

instant

ISO

button

displays

the

[gJindicator.

Setting

range:

ISO

3

to

ISO

8000

12.Measuring

mode

display

Displays

one

of

the

three

measurement

modes

(AMBI,

CORD

or

NON

CORD)

according

to

the

setting

of

the

MODE

button.

Repeatedly

pressing

the

MODE

button

cycles

the

measurement

modes

in

the

following

sequence:

AMBI

+

CORD

>

NON

CORD

>

AMBI

>

Viewfinder

display

15.Measuring

index

circle

14.Viewfinder

FNo./EV

display

13.Viewfinder

indicator

For

the

purpose

of

explanation,

the

diagram

above

shows

all

indicators

that

light

up

on

the

LCD.

13.Viewfinder

indicator

Same

as

the

indicator

on

the

external

data

panel.

14.Viewfinder

FNo./EV

display

Displays

an

f-number

(FNo.)

or

exposure

value

(EV)

during

spot

measurement.

15.Measuring

index

circle

The

circle's

internal

area

indicates

the

measuring

area

for

spotmeasurement.

Preparations

Battery

Do

not

throw

the

instrument

into

fire.

Do

not

recharge

,

AN

short

circuit,

heat

or

disassemble

the

instrument.

WARNING

Otherwise,

there

is

a

risk

of

causing

fire

or

injury

due

to

an

explosion

or

fluid

leakage

from

batteries..

Do

not

use

any

batteries

other

than

those

designated

for

use

AN

with

the

instrument.

When

fitting

batteries

into

the

instrument,

make

sure

to

align

them

according

to

the

polarity

shown

on

CAUTION

the

instrument

(plus

"+"

and

minus

"—").

Otherwise

there

is

a

risk

that

the

batteries

may

leak

or

become

damaged,

leading

to

fire,

injury

or

pollution

of

the

surrounding

environment.

1.

Preparing

2.

Inserting

The

instrument

uses

a

single

alkaline

dry

cell

(LR-6/AA/1.5

V).

Do

not

use

any

batteries

other

than

those

designated.

Remove

the

battery

chamber

Insert

the

battery

with

the

cover

by

sliding

it

lightly

in

plus

(+)

and

minus

(—)

ends

the

direction

of

the

arrow.

oriented

according

to

the

diagram

in

the

battery

chamber.

insert

the

battery

correctly

to

avoid

disorder.

Preparations

2.

Inserting

[3|Replace

the

battery

chamber

cover.

3.

Checking

The

instrument

automatically

checks

the

battery

when

power

is

on.

After

a

new

battery

is

installed,

the

display

appears

as

shown

below

after

the

power

is

turned

on.

в

|

FNo.

5

|

пме

ca

28

|150

55

сэ

АМВІ

If

you

turn

on

the

meter

when

the

battery

power

is

running

low,

"b.c."

will

appear

on

the

display

for

approx.

O.5

sec.

before

the

normal

display

appears.

If

you

turn

the

power

on

when

there

is

not

enough

battery

power

to

take

measurements,

or

if

the

battery

runs

low

during

measurement,

a

blinking

'b.o."

will

display

for

approx.

1

min.

and

then

the

display

will

switch

off.

If

this

happens,

replace

the

battery

with

a

new

one.

mc

m

*

When

disposing

of

used

batteries,

observe

local

waste

disposal

regulations.

The

Flash

Meter

КЕМ-2100

can

be

operated

continuously

or

about

30

hours

with

a

fresh

kaline

dry

cell.

he

Flash

Meter

KFM-2

100

has

a

power-saving

function

hat

automatically

turns

off

the

power

after about

1O

minutes

of

inactivity.

To

restart

measuring

operation

after

the

display

has

been

urned

off,

press

the

POWER

button.

(Pressing

the

POWER

button

restores

the

meter

to

he

condition

it

was

in

before

he

power

was

turned

off.

The

settings

for

ISO

speed,

shutter

speed,

measuring

mode

and

display

unit,

as

well

as

the

existing

measurement

data

and

memory

data,

are

all

retained

in

memory.)

odo

Setting

ISO

speed

Specify

a

film

speed

with

the

Up/down

dial

while

holding

down

the

ISO

button.

<0

0

6

092

89

кемолоо

ISO

LATITUDE

MODE

E]

CLR

ЗАН

MEMORY

V9

Q

Turning

the

control

upward

increases

the

film

speed

in

increments

of

1/3-stop.

The

maximum

film

speed

is

ISO

8000.

Q

Turning

the

control

downward

owers

the

film

speed

in

decrements

of

1/3-stop.

The

minimum

film

speed

is

ISO

3.

@Be

sure

to

set

ISO

speed

to

the

correct

setting,

since

all

measurement

results

are

based

on

the

set

value.

ФІ?

you

change

the ISO

speed

after

you

take

a

measurement,

he

reading

will

be

recalculated

and

displayed

accordingly.

Preparations

m"

Instant

film

speed

for

test

shooting

can

be

set.

In

film

shooting,

if

the

film

speed

setting

used

for

the

final

shooting

is

different

from

the

instant

film

speed

setting

used

for

test

shooting,

the

instant

film

speed

can

be

registered

in

the

instrument

in

advance.

Once

an

instant

film

speed

is

registered

for

test

shooting,

the

meter

converts

the

measurement

result

into

a

value

based

on

this

setting

when

the

(2)

instant

film

ISO

button

is

pressed

after

measurement.

Specify

an

instant

film

speed

with

the

up/down

dial

while

holding

down

the

(2)

instant

film

ISO

button.

@Turning

the

control

upward

increases

the

film

speed

in

increments

of

1/3-stop.

The

maximum

film

speed

is

ISO

8000.

Qe

Turning

the

control

downward

lowers

the

film

speed

in

decrements

of

1/3-stop.

The

minimum

film

speed

is

ISO

3.

|

"y

Qf

you

change

the

instant

film

speed

after

you

take

a

measurement,

the

reading

will

be

recalculated

and

displayed

180

LATITUDE

MODE

Я

«C2

C5

CJ

accordingly.

|І

CLR

ЗАН

MEMORY

Preparations

Selecting

a

measuring

method

suitable

for

the

light-receiving

method

Select

a

measuring

method,

either

incident

light

measurement

or

spot

measurement,

appropriate

to

the

shooting

conditions

and

nature

of

the

photograph.

The

Kenko

Flash

Meter

KFM-2100

can

measure

exposure

in

either

way.

1.

Incident

light

measurement

When

performing

incident

light

measurements,

use

the

Spherical

Diffuser

for

three-dimensional

subjects

such

as

portraits,

and

architectural

or

landscape

photographs.

Use

the

Flat

Diffuser

when

you

photograph

flat

surfaces

such

as

documents

or

paintings,

or

when

you

want

to

measure

lighting

ratio

(See

page

32).

Attaching

the

Spherical

Diffuser

Removing

the

Spherical

Diffuser

Rotate

the

diffuser

anticlockwise

until

it

stops,

and

pull

the

diffuserto

detach

it.

Align

the

index

mark

(white

circle)

of

the

Spherical

Diffuser

with

theindex

of

the

receptor

head.

Securethe

diffuser

by

turning

it

in

the

direction

indicated

by

the

arrow

until

it

stops.

To

take

an

incident

light

measurement,

position

the

meter

near

the

subject

and

aim

the

Spherical

Diffuser

directly

at

the

camera.

Q

The

receptor

can

rotate

through

a

range

of

270

degrees,

so

that

you

can

use

the

meter

in

an

almost

any

photographic

configuration.

10

AN

Never

attempt

to

look

directly

at

the

sun

through

the

viewfinder

of

the

instrument.

Doing

so

will

damage

your

WARNING

eyesight.

AN

Do

not

walk

around

while

looking

into

the

viewfinder.

CAUTION

Doing

so

may

result

in

a

fall

or

other

accident.

2.

Spot

measurement

To

measure

a

specific

area

of

a

photographic

image,

select

the

spot

measurement

method

(with

a

light-receiving

angle

of

1

degree).

To

take

a

spot

measurement,

ККЕ

А

@position

the

meter

near

the

camera,

Measuring

index

circle

Ф

оок

into

the

viewfinder

at

the

front

of

the

instrument

(data

panel

side),

@locate

the

measuring

index

(circle)

at

the

center

of

the

viewfinder

within

the

desired

measuring

point

of

the

subject,

and

@press

the

spot

measuring

button.

FN

The

allowable

measuring

distance

from

the

subject

is

1.3

m

to

infinity

(оо).

To

stabilize

your

shooting

posture

and

avoid

shaking

the

meter,

turn

the

receptor

head

toward

the

subject

and

hold

the

meter

by

placing

your

hand

over

it

as

shown

above.

Dioptric

adjustment

While

looking

into

the

viewfinder

for

a

spot

measurement,

adjust

the

dioptric

by

turning

the

dioptric

adjustment

dial

until

the

measuring

index

circle

can

be

clearly

seen.

Difference

between

incident-light

and

Spot

(reflected-light)

readings

Exposure

can

be

measured

in

two

basic

ways.

One

way

is

to

measure

the

light

incident

on

the

subject,

i.e.

the

brightness

of

light

illuminating

the

subject

(illuminance)

(see

Fig.

1);

the

other

is

to

measure

the

light

Spot

reflected

by

the

subject,

i.e.

the

intensity

of

the

light

reflected

from

the

subject

in

the

direction

of

the

camera

(luminance)

(see

Fig.

2).

Fig.

1

Incident-light

method

Fig.2

Spot

(Reflected-light)

method

Incident-light

y

Light

D

Light

(Ib

—

Z—

y

source

a

wae

=

Camera

ђ

Reflected-

light

Before

selecting

the

most

suitable

measuring

method,

you

need

to

fully

understand

the

different

sources

of

light

you

are

working

with,

as

well

asthe

influence

of

the

positions

and

direction

of

receptors

during

measurement.

Incident-light

readings

In

general

photography,

light

from

the

illuminating

light

source

reflects

off

the

subject

and

passes

through

the

lens

to

form

an

image

on

the

film

and

image

sensor

surface,

and

to

expose

the

film

or

image

sensor.

To

accurately

calculate

exposure

in

incident-light

readings,

you

need

to

know

how

much

of

the

illuminating

light

is

actually

reflected

from

the

object

to

the

camera.

To

do

this,

you

need

to

know

how

light

or

how

dark

the

subject

is,

i.e.

the

reflectance

of

the

subject.

Since

a

typical

value

of

reflectance

for

many

scenes

is

1896*,

this

value

is

used

to

calculate

the

light

intensity

reflected

from

the

subject

towards

the

camera.

The

exposure

reading

(f-number

and

shutter

speed)

are

then

calculated

to

reproduce

the

metered

area

as

a

midtone

with

18%

reflectance.

Thus,

incident-light

readings

are

based

on

this

standard

value

of

18%

reflectance.

This

means

that

areas

of

subjects

having

a

reflectance

higher

than

18%

will

turn

out

brighter

(e.g.

white),

while

areas

of

reflectance

lower

than

18%

will

turn

out

darker

(e.g.

black).

This

will

produce

a

clear

contrast

in

the

picture

of

the

subject.

From

this,

we

can

see

that

this

measuring

method

provides

for

natural

tonal

range

over

the

entire

composition.

*

The

value

of

"1896"

has

been

determined

to

be

a

typical

reflectance

value

for

many

different

subjects.

Fig.3

—

f

Three

(dimensional

subjects.

А

Flat

subjects

To

make

effective

incident-light

exposure

readings,

you

must

use

the

Spherical

Diffuser

and

Flat

Diffuser

creatively.

When

photographing

three-dimensional

objects

such

as

people,

the

highlights

and

shadow

areas

of

a

composition

depend

on

the

direction

of

he

main

illuminating

light

source.

Exposure

is

also

influenced

by

any

light

reflected

towards

the

camera

from

the

sides

or

rear

of

the

subject

(Fig.

3(8)).

In

these

situations,

the

Spherical

Diffuser

captures

the

illuminating

ight

coming

from

different

directions

at

he

exposure

reading

takes

into

accoun

So,

for

these

situations,

accurate

expos

Diffuser

to

capture

only

the

illuminating

the

position

of

the

subject,

so

that

the

contribution

of

this

light

on

illuminating

the

subject.

On

the

other

hand,

with

flat

subjects

such

as

pictures

and

documents,

light

from

the

sides

or

rear

of

the

subject

generally

make

little

or

no

contribution

to

illuminating

the

subject

(Fig.

3(b)).

ure

readings

are

made

using

a

Flat

ight

from

the

front

of

the

subject.

11

Preparations

Basic

Operation

Spot

(reflected-light)

readings

Here

we

explain

the

basics

of

using

the

instrument

to

take

exposure

readings

Spot

(reflected-light)

exposure

readings

directly

measure

he

amount

of

light

(luminance)

reflected

from

the

subject

Select

a

measuring

method

o

the

camera.

Unlike

the

case

of

incident-light

readings,

his

method

does

not

rely

on

the

assumption

of

a

standard

@Flash

light

refers

to

artificial

momentary

lighting

from

light

sources

subject

reflectance

of

1896.

Based

on

the

measured

suchas

electronic

flashes,

strobe

flashes,

and

speed

lights.

amount

of

light

falling

on

the

subject,

the

meter

calculates

G

Ambient

light

refers

to

continuous

lighting

from

sources

such

as

he

appropriate

exposure

value

for

reproducing

the

subject

on

film

at

a

suitable

medium

density

(midtone).

This

means

hat

in

Spot

(reflected-light)

readings,

all

subjects,

naturallight

(sunlight)

and

electric

lights

(including

fluorescent

lights).

Qn

either

case,

both

incident-light

exposure

readings

and

spot-light

regardless

of

their

reflectance,

i.e.

regardless

of

whether

exposure

readings

can

be

made.

hey

are

bright

or

dark

(white

or

black),

will

be

reproduced

at

G

When

measuring

flash

light

in

the

CORD

mode,

use

a

commercially

he

same

tonal

density

(midtone).

For

this

reason,

when

available

sync

cord.

making

Spot

(reflected-light)

exposure

readings,

it

is

- -

important

to

decide

which

area

of

the

subject

to

measure,

Are

you

using

a

still

camera?

since

the

reflectance

will

generally

vary

quite

widely

over

the

Are

you

using

a

cine

camera?

composition

under

different

conditions.

With

a

cine

camera

There

are

various

advanced

Spot

(reflected-light)

readings,

such

as

the

highlight

standard

exposure

method,

where

an

exposure

reading

is

taken

of

a

bright

Alt

mode

4

Alt

mode

4

(white)

part

of

the

composition;

the

shadow

standard

exposure

method,

where

a

dark

(black)

part

of

the

МЕН

Select

CINE

(p.39)

composition

is

measured;

and

a

method

for

determining

14

exposure

by

evaluating

the

contrast

of

the

subject

and

then

forecasting

how

it

will

come

out

on

film.

To

make

full

Type

of

light

source

to

measure

use

of

Spot

(reflected-light)

readings,

refer

to

specialist

i

books

and

photo

magazines.

You

will

find

that

selective

Ambient

Flash

light

metering

can

give

you

very

precise

control

over

exposure.

fight

(mixed

light)

{

Are

you

using

an

over-the-

counter

sync

cord

?

i

With

a

sync,

Without

a

cord

$

n

AMBI

CORD

NON

CORD

AMBI

mode

mode mode

mode

12

(0.13)

(p.16)

(p.19) (p.15)

Measuring

ambient

light

1.

With

a

still

camera

Basic

Operation

>

to

be

continued

оп

the

Insert

a

battery

(p.7)

{

Set

ISO

speed

(p.9)

Prepare

the

instrument

to

start

taking

readings.

Ox

(JJ

LA

E

—

Xe

uus

1

‘|

==>

||

g

gj

«==

c

Е

В

=

2

ға

ІШ

CLR

БАН

MENORY

)

2

Шар

©

C27

S

ve

Ec

cs

88

$8

ISO

LATITUDE

MODE

a5

1S0

LATITUDE

MODE

58

эсу

у

aa

|

O

С

o

||

ЕЕ

Press

the

MODE

button

to

switch

the

mode

display

to

AMBI.

@Changing

the

measuring

mode

retains

the

memory

data

but

clears

data.

ElSpecify

the

desired

shutter

speed

with

the

up/down

dial.

Q

Shutter

speed

can

be

set

within

the

range

of

30

min.

to

1/16000

sec.

@Turning

the

up/down

dial

upward

increases

the

shutter

speed.

Turning

it

downward

lowers

the

shutter

speed.

@The

shutter

speed

can

also

be

changed

after

meter

readings.

ІҢ

Press

the

measuring

button

to

take

readings.

Өтпе

meter

takes

measurements

continuously

as

you

hold

down

the

incident

light

measuring

button.

The

igital

display

on

the

data

panel

isplays

the

measurement

data.

At

the

ame

time,

the

measurement

data

are

so

displayed

on

the dot

indicator

of

he

analog

scale

L.

hen

the

measuring

button

is

released,

the

meter

stops

taking

measurements

and

displays

only

the

latest

measurement

result.

Q

The

meter

takes

measurements

continuously

as

you

hold

down

the

spot

measuring

button.

The

digital

display

in

the

viewfinder

displays

the

measurement

data.

At

the

same

time,

the

measurement

data

are

also

displayed

on

the dot

indicator

of

the

analog

scale

R.

When

the

measuring

button

is

released,

the

meter

stops

taking

measurements.

The

latest

measurement

result

appears

on

the

digital

display

of

the

external

data

panel

and

on

the

dot

indicator

of

the

analog

scale

R

display.

Q

Pressing

the

CLR

button

clears

the

measurement

data.

voaa

Sa

13

a

Basic

Operation

1.

With

a

still

camera

Display

example

Display

units

are

FNo.

El

8

[емо

5|

Lr

»

=

2|

ULI

1

TIME

8

5

n

56

и

т;

Iso

2

inn

A

"uu

1"

[Амві

If

you

set

your

desired

shutter

speed,

the

f-number

required

for

proper

exposure

at

that

shutter

speed

is

displayed

on

the

digital

readout.

The

reading

is

also

displayed

on

the

analog

scale

by

a

pointer.

Ex.:

The

display

shows

a

reading

of

F4.0+0.2-stops.

14

If

the

f-number

reading

is

outside

the

instrument's

display

range,

“FNo.”

blinks

and

the

display

shows

either

'-

O

-

"

(overrange

error)

or

“-

U-"

(under-range

error).

At

the

same

time,

the

over-range/under-range

error

indicator

(А

or

ж)

appears

on

the

analog

scale.

If

the

reading

is

over

the

display

range,

reset

the

shutter

speed

to

a

faster

value;

if

it's

under

the

display

range,

reset

to

a

slower

shutter

speed.

In

this

way,

you

will

be

able

to

determine

an

appropriate

combination

of

shutter

speed

and

f-number.

If

the

f-number

reading

exceeds

or

falls

below

the

instrument's

measuring

range,

the

display

shows

“E.o.”

(over-range

error)

or

“Ем.”

(under-range

error).

Display

units

are

EV

ж

EV

45

11

1

12

16

|

time

L&|

5

28

|180

са

сз

n

Lu

AMBI

An

exposure

value

is

displayed

regardless

of

the

shutter

speed

setting.

The

dot

indicator

of

the

analog

scale

indicates

the

fnumber

corresponding

to

the

shutter

speed

setting.

Ex.:The

display

shows

a

reading

of

11.2

(EV).

"

If

the

f-number

reading

exceeds

or

falls

below

the

instrument's

measuring

range.

the

display

shows

“E.o.”

(over-range

error)

or

“Еш.

(under-range

error).

2.

With

a

cine

camera

Insert

a

battery

(p.7)

i

Set

CINE

mode

(p.39)

The

default

setting

of

TIME/CINE

mode

is

“TIME.”

In

the

custom

setting

(Alt)

mode,

change

"TIME"

to

"CINE."

Set

ISO

speed

(p.9)

Prepare

the

instrument

to

start

taking

readings.

KO

oO

092

Иіп

CINE

mode,

the

measuring

mode

is

fixed

to

AMBI.

G

Measuring

mode

cannot

be

changed.

KFM-2100

180

LATITUDE

MODE

О

CO

№

“ШІ

cin

SUAM

MEMORY

Ko

0

C

Basic

Operation

>

To

be

continued

on

the

f

the

opening

of

your

camera's

shutter

is

not

180°,

the

film

speed

should

be

adjusted

as

ollows:

Shutter

opening

and

film

speed

adjustment

Shutter

Film-speed

|opening

adjustment

160*

-1/3

220°

+1/3

ElSpecify

the

frame

rate

of

your

camera

with

the

up/down

dial.

G

Eight

framing-rates

can

be

set:

8,

12, 16, 18,

24,

25,

30,

32,

64,

and

128

frames/sec.

(The

appropriate

shutter

speed,

corresponding

to

a

shutter

opening

of

180°,

is

set

automatically

by

the

exposure

meter.)

—

1/3:

Set

the

film

speed

to

1/3

stop

slower

than

the

film

speed

you

are

using.

(Ex.:

ISO

400

to

320)

+1/3:

Set

the

film

speed

to

1/3

stop

faster

than

the

film

speed

you

are

using.

(Ex.:

ISO

400

to

500)

15

E

Basic

Operation

2.

With

a

cine

camera

BllPress

the

measuring

button

to

take

readings.

@The

meter

takes

measurements

continuously

as

you

hold

down

the

incident

light

measuring

button.

The

digital

display

on

the

data

panel

displays

the

measurement

data.

At

the

same

time,

the

measurement

data

are

also

displayed

on

the

dot

indicator

of

the

analog

scale

L.

When

the

measuring

button

is

released,

the

meter

stops

taking

measurements

and

displays

only

the

latest

measurement

result.

Ф

The

meter

takes

measurements

continuously

as

you

hold

down

the

spot

measuring

button.

The

digital

display

in

the

viewfinder

displays

the

measurement

data.

At

the

same

time,

the

measurement

data

are

also

displayed

on

the

dot

indicator

of

the

analog

scale

R.

When

the

measuring

button

is

released,

the

meter

stops

taking

measurements.

The

latest

measurement

result

appears

on

the

digital

display

of

the

external

data

panel

and

on

the

dot

indicator

of

the

analog

scale

R

display.

Q

Pressing

the

CLR

button

clears

the

measurement

data.

*

Display

example

is

the

same

as

the

case

of

a

still

camera.

(Refer

to

page

14.)

16

Measuring

flash

light

1.

With

an

over-the-counter

sync

cord

Insert

a

battery

(p.7)

|

Set

ISO

speed

(p.9)

Prepare

the

instrument

to

start

taking

readings.

180

LATITUDE

MODE

E

сія

S/H

MEMORY

KO

o

CQ

002

Press

the

MODE

button

to

switch

the

mode

display

to

CORD.

G

Changing

the

measuring

mode

retains

the

memory

data

but

clears

data.

G

Settings

for

shutter

speed

and

display

units

are

automatically

adjusted

as

follows.

1/1250

to

1/16000

sec.:

adjusted

to

1/1000

sec.

EV:

adjusted

to

FNo.

1.

With

a

sync

cord

ISO

LATITUDE

MODE

©

<

су

Gan

Зан

MEMORY

KO

o

d

C

|

EE

Kenké

90

ke-200

150

LATITUDE

MODE

СО

CO

COY

|]

CLR

S/AH

MEMORY

Woary

ElAttach

the

flash

sync

cord

to

the

instrument's

sync

terminal.

*Take

care

when

connecting

the

flash

to

the

instrument

with

an

over-the-counter

sync

cord,

as

the

flash

may

fire.

Specify

the

desired

shutter

speed

with

the

up/down

dial.

@Shutter

speeds

сап

be

set

within

the

range

of

30

min.

To

1/1000

sec.

(The

speed

can

be

set

within

the

flash

sync

speed

range

of

your

camera.)

Qe

Turning

the

up/down

dial

upward

increases

the

shutter

speed.

Turning

it

downward

lowers

the

shutter

speed.

@The

shutter

speed

can

also

be

changed

after

meter

readings.

ElPress

the

measuring

button

to

take

a

reading.

Q9

When

the

flash

fires,

the

meter

akes

a

single

measurement

and

displays

the

measured

value

on

the

digital

display.

The

reading

is

also

displayed

on

the

analog

scale.

The

proportion

of

lash

light

illuminating

the

composition

is

shown

on

the

analyze

scale.

Q

Pressing

the

CLR

button

clears

he

measurement

data.

ЖІ?

no

flash

is

connected

to

the

sync

terminal,

or

if

the

flash

does

not

fire

normally

because

it

is

not

fully

charged,

the

meter

cannot

take

a

flash

light

measurement.

Before

starting

measurement,

make

sure

that

the

flash

is

connected

to

the

sync

terminal

and

the

flash

has

been

fully

charged.

Basic

Operation

>

To

be

continued

on

the

Display

example

The

f-number

corresponding

to

the

shutter

speed

set

in

step

Ё

is

displayed

on

the

digital

readout

as

well

as on

the

analog

scale

with

a

pointer

(

=»

).

The

proportion

of

flash

light

illuminating

the

composition

is

shown

on

the

analyze

scale.

Example:

The

display

shows

a

reading

of

F8.0+

0.9

stops,

and

the

proportion

of

ambient

light

to

flash

light

is

about

1:1.

17

Basic

Operation

1.

With

an

over-the-counter

sync

cord

Display

example

(continued

from

p.17)

If

the

f-number

reading

is

outside

the

instrument's

display

range,

"FNo.'

blinks

and

the

display

shows

either

'-

О

-

'

(over-range

error)

ог

~

U

-'

(under-range

error).

At

the

same

time,

the

over-range/under-range

error

indicator

(А

ог

ж)

appears

on

the

analog

scale.

18

£

8

т

M

TIME

8

m

56

и

4s

Iso

%

2

inn

If

the

f-number

reading

exceeds

or

falls

below

the

instrument's

measuring

range,

the

display

shows

“E.o.”

(over-range

error)

or

"E.u.'

(under-range

error).

*When

measuring

flash

light

using

an

over-the-counter

sync

cord

(CORD

mode),

the

flash

may

fail

to

fire

(e.g.

if

the

trigger

voltage

of

the

flash

is

too

low).

In

this

case,

take

a

reading

without

sync

firing

the

flash

(NON

CORD

mode).

2.

Without

a

sync

cord

(Incident

light

measurement)

Basic

Operation

>

То

be

continued

on

the

Insert

a

battery

(p.7)

i

Set

ISO

speed

(p.9)

ЮРгераге

the

instrument

to

start

taking

readings.

ISO

LATITUDE

MODE

COO

©

|Ы

CLR

S/A'd

MEMORY

е6

CLE

ElSet

the

mode

display

to

NON

CORFD

using

the

MODE

button.

G

Changing

the

measuring

mode

retains

the

memory

data

but

clears

data.

G

Settings

for

shutter

speed

and

display

units

will

be

automatically

adjusted

as

follows.

1/1250

to

1/16000

sec:

adjusted

to

1/1000

sec.

EV:

adjusted

to

FNo.

ElSpecify

the

desired

shutter

speed

with

the

up/down

dial.

G

Shutter

speeds

can

be

set

within

the

range

of

30

min.

to

1/1000

sec.

(Set

the

shutter

speed

within

the

flash

sync

speed

range

of

your

camera.)

Q

Turning

the

up/down

dial

upward

increases

the

shutter

Speed.

Turning

it

downward

lowers

the

shutter

speed.

@The

shutter

speed

can

also

be

changed

after

meter

readings.

Press

the

incident

light

measuring

button.

@The

NON

CORD

mode

symbol

blinks

to

indicate

that

the

meter

is

waiting

for

the

flash

to

take

a

reading.

@in

NON

CORD

mode,

the

meter

cannot

take

a

spot

measurement.

Pressing

the

spot

measuring

button

displays

the

error

code

(

‘Err’

).

Pressing

the

incident

light

measuring

button

cancels

the

error

code

and

sets

the

meter

to

standby

state.

The

error

code

is

canceled

after

about

five

seconds

or

as

soon

as

another

button

is

pressed.

Tv

rr

NON

CORD

19

a

Basic

Operation

2.

Without

an

over-the-counter

sync

cord

(Incident

light

measurement)

BlFire

the

flash

to

take

a

reading.

Өтпе

meter

detects

the

light

of

the

flash

and

reads

and

displays

the

exposure

on

the

digital

readout.

The

measured

value

is

also

displayed

on

the dot

indicator

of

the

analog

scale,

and

the

proportion

of

flash

light

is

indicated

on

the

analyze

scale.

Q

Pressing

the

CLR

button

clears

the

measured

value.

Тс

take

further

readings,

repeat

the

process

from

step

Il.

Qf

the

flash

does

not

fire

within

approx.

one

minute

after

the

meter

goes

into

flash

waiting

mode,

or

if

you

press

any

button

other

than

the

measuring

button

during

this

time,

the

NON

CORD

mode

symbol

will

stop

blinking

(stay

on).

Then,

even

if

you

fire

the

flash,

no

reading

will

be

made.

To

restore

the

meter

to

standby

state,

press

the

incident

light

measuring

button

again.

Qin

the

standby

state,

the

meter

may

mistake

ambient

light

from

an

intermittent

light

source

(such

as

a

fluorescent

light)

for

flash

light.

depending

on

the

type

of

ambient

light.

To

avoid

this

risk,

take

readings

in

CORD

mode

using

an

over-the-counter

synch

cord.

XFire

the

flash

according

to

the

directions

given

in

the

users’

manual

for

the

flash.

20

Display

example

4

64

FNo.

5|

mn

2|

ELS

5

|ТІМЕ

&|

Bü

50

БА

28

|!

2

inn

ши

!

|

Non

CORD

Тһе

f-number

corresponding

to

the

shutter

speed

set

in

step

3

is

displayed

on

the

digital

readout

as

well

as

on

the

analog

scale

with

a

pointer

(=).

Example:

The

display

shows

a

reading

of

F8.0

+

0.9

stops,

and

the

proportion

of

ambient

light

to

flash

light

is

about

1:1.

1

|

Non

corp

If

the

f-number

reading

is

outside

the

instrument's

display

range,

"FNo.'

blinks

and

the

display

shows

either

'-

О

-"

(overrange

error)

or

~

U

~"

(under-range

error).

At

the

same

time,

the

over-range/under-range

error

indicator

(А

or

w)

appears

on

the

analog

scale.

&

Н

Емо.

5

Г

2

-

2|

LL

5

|rME

"

8

б

m

56

м

1i

Iso

5

2

100

14

!

|

NON

CORD

If

the

f-number

reading

exceeds

or

falls

below

the

instrumen's

measuring

range,

the

display

shows

“E.o.”

(over-range

error)

or

“Еш.”

(under-range

error).

Kenko KFM-2100 User manual

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