Kenwood TM-255A User manual

144 MHz ALL MODE TRANSCEIVER
430 MHz ALL MODE TRANSCEIVER
TM-255A/E
TM-455A/E
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
KENWOOD CORPORATION
©PRINTED IN JAPAN B62- ee -10(K, M, E)(MC)
9412111098765432
GOO/\NAM

Models Covered by this Manual:
TM-255A:
TM-255E:
TM-455A:
TM-455E:
144 MHz All Mode Transceiver
(U.S.A./ Canada/ General)
144 MHz All Mode Transceiver
(Europe)
430 MHz All Mode Transceiver
(U.S.A./ Canada)
430 MHz All Mode Transceiver
(Europe)
Notice to the user:
One or more of the following statements may be
applicable to this equipment.
FCC WARNING
This equipment generates or uses radio frequency energy.
Changes or modifications to this equipment may cause harmful
interference unless the modifications are expressly approved in
the instruction manual. The user could lose the authority to
operate this equipment if an unauthorized change or modification
is made.
INFORMATION TO THE DIGITAL DEVICE USER REQUIRED
BY THE FCC
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the
limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC
Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable
protection against harmful interference in a residential installation.
This equipment generates, uses and can generate radio
frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance
with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio
communications. However, there is no guarantee that the
interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this
equipment does cause harmtul interference to radio or television
reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off
and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference
by one or more of the following measures:
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
Connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit different from
that to which the receiver is connected.
Consult the dealer for technical assistance.

THANK YOU
We are grateful you decided to purchase this
KENWOOD All-Mode transceiver.
The TM-255/TM-455 series of transceivers were
developed to satisfy the requirement for a compact,
all-inclusive rig that's simple to operate yet has
superior performance across the band. VHF/UHF
operators can now enjoy the innovative Menu Setup
method for feature configuration incorporated in other
KENWOOD products.
KENWOOD believes that the compact size coupled
with the reasonable cost will guarantee your
satisfaction with this product.
PRECAUTIONS
Please read all safety and operating instructions
before using this unit. For best results, be aware of all
warnings on the unit and follow the provided operating
instructions. Retain these safety and
operating instructions for future reference.
1 Power Sources
Connect this unit only to the power source
described in the operating instructions or as
marked on the unit itself.
2 Power Cable Protection
Route all power cables safely. Ensure the power
cables can neither be walked upon nor pinched by
items placed near or against the cables.
Pay particular attention to locations near AC
receptacles, AC extension bars and points of entry
to the unit.
3 Abnormal Odors
The presence of an unusual odor or smoke is often
a sign of trouble. Immediately turn the power OFF
and remove the power cable. Contact a dealer or
the nearest Service Center for advice.
4 Electrical Shocks
Take care not to drop objects or spill liquids into
the unit through enclosure openings. Metal
objects, such as hairpins or needles, inserted into
the unit may contact voltages resulting in serious
electrical shocks. Never permit children to insert
any objects into this unit.
5 Grounding and Polarization
Do not attempt to defeat methods used for
grounding and electrical polarization in the unit,
particularly involving the input power cable.
6 Ventilation
Locate the unit so as not to interfere with its
ventilation. Do not place books or other equipment
on the unit that may impede the free movement of
air. Allow a minimum of 4 inches (10 cm) between
the rear of the unit and the wall or operating desk
shelf.
10
13
‘Water and Moisture
Do not use the unit near water or sources of
moisture.
For
example,
avoid
use
near
bathtubs,
sinks,
swimming
pools,
and
in
damp
basements
and attics.
Outdoor Antenna Grounding
Adequately
ground
all
outdoor
antennas
used
with
this
unit
using
approved
methods.
Grounding
helps
protect
against
voltage
surges
caused
by
lightning.
It
also
reduces
the
chance
of
a
build-
up
of
static
charges.
EXAMPLE OF ANTENNA GROUNDING AS PER
NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE
ANTENNA
DISCHARGE UNIT
(NEC SECTION 810-20)
‘GROUNDING CONDUCTORS
(NEC SECTION 810-21)
POWER SERVICE GROUNDING
ELECTRODE SYSTEM.
(NEC ART 250, PART H)
Power Lines
Minimum
recommended
distance
for
an
outdoor
antenna
from
power
lines
is
one
and
one-half
times
the
vertical
height
of
the
associated
antenna
support
structure.
This
distance
allows
adequate
clearance
from
the
power
lines
if
the
support
structure
should
fail
for
any
reason.
Heat
Locate
the
unit
away
from
heat
sources
such
as
radiators,
stoves,
amplifiers
or
other
devices
that
produce
substantial
amounts
of
heat.
Cleaning
Do
not
use
volatile
solvents
such
as
alcohol,
paint
thinner,
gasoline
or
benzene
to
clean
the
cabinet.
Use
a
clean,
cloth
with
warm
water
or
a
mild
detergent.
Periods of Inactivity
Disconnect
the
input
power
cable
from
the
power
source
when
the
unit
is
not
used
for
long
periods
of
time.
Servicing
Remove
the
unit's
enclosure
only
to
do
accessory
installations
described
by
this
manual
or
accessory
manuals.
Follow
provided
instructions
carefully
to
avoid
electrical
shocks.
If
unfamiliar
with
this
type
of
work,
seek
assistance
from
an
experienced
individual,
or
have
a
professional
technician
do
the
task.

INTRODUCTION
14 Damage Requiring Service
Enlist the services of qualified personnel in the
following cases:
a) The power supply or plug is damaged.
b) Objects have fallen, or liquid has spilled into the
unit.
c) The unit has been exposed to rain.
d) The unit is operating abnormally or
performance has degraded seriously.
e) The unit has been dropped, or the enclosure
damaged.
CONVENTIONS FOLLOWED IN THIS
MANUAL
The
writing
conventions
described
below
have
been
followed
to
simplify
key
stroke
instructions
and
avoid
unnecessary
repetition.
This
format
is
less
confusing
for
the
reader.
Reviewing
the
following
information
now
will
reduce
your
learning
period.
That
means
less
time
will
be
spent
reading
this
manual;
more
time
will
be
available
for
operating.
Press
[KEY1]+[KEY2].
Instruction Meaning What to do
Press the keys
simultaneously.
Press and hold
KEY1 down, then
press KEY2.
Press Press the keys | Press KEY1
[KEY1], [KEY2]. in sequence. momentarily,
release KEY1,
then press KEY2.
Press
[KEY]+ POWER ON.
Press the key
while powering
the transceiver.
With the
transceiver power
OFF, press and
hold KEY, then
turn ON the
transceiver
power.
Press [F] (Ns). Press the Press and hold
Function key for| the function key
longer than until the "F"
N seconds. indicator on the
Display begins
flashing.
Press [KEY] (Ns). | Press the key Press and hold
for longer than | KEY until the
N seconds.
function begins.
Note: Basic procedures are numbered sequentially to guide you
step-by-step. Additional information pertaining to a step, but not
essential to complete the procedure, is provided in bulleted form
following many steps for further guidance.

FEATURES
*
Convenient
to
transport,
install
and
operate
from
either
a
portable,
mobile
or
fixed
station
installation
due
to
the
compact
size.
* Setting-up transceiver functions is simple with the
easy-to-use Menu System.
*
Busy-Frequency
Stop
automatically
stops
any
of
the
scan
functions
on
a
busy
frequency.
Time-
operated
and
Carrier-operated
modes
are
provided
for
further
flexibility.
*
"Fuzzy
logic"
controls
the
frequency
step
size
as
you
turn
the
Main
Tuning
control.
The
faster
you
turn
the
control,
the
larger
the
step
size
up
to
the
maximum
step
available.
* Automatic Power Off switches OFF the power if
the transceiver has not been used for
approximately 3 hours.
+ Up to 4 functions can be assigned to the
Programmable Function (PF) keys on the
microphone allowing you to personally customize
your transceiver's operation.
* Despite the small overall case size, numerous
additional features have been included for the
VHF/UHF enthusiast.
ATTENTION
* Noise entering from the DC power supply or static electricity
may disable the buttons or the Tuning controls. If this occurs,
determine the source of the interference and take appropriate
measures to reduce or eliminate the offending noise. If the
transceiver still does not function normally, reset the
microprocessor {page 34}.
@ Resetting the microprocessor clears the memory channels and
returns the menu settings (described later) to their default
values.
¢ This transceiver contains a cooling fan. As the heat sink
temperature rises because of continuous transmission, the fan
speed accelerates to its maximum speed, and the sound of the
fan will become more noticeable. If the heat sink temperature
becomes excessively high, the temperature protection circuit
will trip and reduce the transmit output power.
SUPPLIED ACCESSORIES
Microphone
U.S.A., Canada, General '
Europe, General '
Part Number
T91-0397-XX
T91-0398-XX
INTRODUCTION
Microphone hanger
U.S.A., Canada
J20-0319-XX
Microphone hanger screws
U.S.A., Canada
N46-3010-XX
DC power cable
E30-2111-XX
Fuse, 15A
+ For the transceiver
a
F51-0017-XX
Mounting bracket
J29-0422-XX
Mounting bracket screws
N99-0383-XX
W01-0414-XX
(U.S.A., Canada, Europe 2)
Instruction manual
B62-0415-XX
1 Excluding some General market versions.
2 Excluding some European versions.

CHAPTER 1
PREPARATION FOR MOBILE OPERATION ......... 1
MOBILE INSTALLATION
DC POWER CABLE CONNECTION....
ANTENNA CONNECTION
GROUND CONNECTION
IGNITION NOISE cake
PREPARATION FOR FIXED STATION
OPERATION
DC POWER SUPPLY CONNECTION ....
ANTENNA CONNECTION
GROUND CONNECTION ..
ACCESSORY CONNECTIONS 4
EXTERNAL SPEAKER.... 4
MICROPHONE
KEY OR ELECTRONIC KEYER
PACKET EQUIPMENT
CHAPTER 2 GETTING ACQUAINTED
FRONT PANEL...
REAR PANEL..
MICROPHONE are ey a
DISPRAY. sisi ssasscicecsesaicacsscothcasscodietausesscscctatettsszeeeee 1
CHAPTER 3 MENU SETUP
INSTALLATION AND CONNECTION “
EM OPERATION..
FM REPEATER OPERATION ...........s:cscesessesessssees 19
TRANSMIT OFFSETS
REVERSE FUNCTION ms
TONEAGGESS 2... csc a Beate
AUTOPATCH
(U.S.A. AND CANADA VERSIONS)..
Enabling the Microphone Keypad...
DUAL TONE MULTI-FREQUENCY (DTMF)
CALLS o
PACKET OPERATION...
SSB.OPERATION.......scessseonsasssetcayeeneneeren aris 23
CW OPERATION
CW PITCH CHANGE...
CW KEYING DELAY
CHAPTER 5 MEMORY FEATURES
MICROPROCESSOR MEMORY BACKUP............ 24
MEMORY CHANNEL DATA...... 24
MEMORY CHANNEL STORAGE...
SIMPLEX CHANNEL STORAGE
SPLIT-FREQUENCY CHANNEL STORAGE ... 25
SCAN FREQUENCY LIMITS STORAGE ......... 25
Programmable VFO Function.
CALL CHANNEL STORAGE
CHAPTER 4 COMMUNICATION
CONFIRMATION BEFORE OPERATION.
GETTING STARTED
SWITCHING POWER ON/OFF
VOLUME ADJUST ...
SQUELCH ADJUST...
Noise Squeich
S-Meter Squelch
DUAL DIGITAL VFOs
Selecting VFOs
Equalizing VFO Frequencies...
FREQUENCY SELECTION ae
FREQUENCY STEP'SIZE..........ccsescoosssesereeessese
AUTOMATIC MODE SELECTION...........
SELECTING OUTPUT POWER..........:::eeeees
ERASING MEMORY CHANNELS
FULL RESET
CHAPTER 6 SCAN
BUSY-FREQUENCY STOP
SCAN RESUME METHODS...
SGCBNIOLD ios css usin crenccancentnomnntctatnenienminerns
MEMORY SCAN
GROUP SCAN...
ALL-CHANNEL SCAN
MEMORY CHANNEL LOCK-OUT....
PROGRAM SCAN | cs sci tscsccsaresscssccssces curssasemserbtns 31
CONFIRMING LOWER/UPPER FREQUENCY
LIMITS
BAND SCAN...
MHz SCAN

VFO/MEMORY/CALL SCAN
SETTING SCAN SPEED
CHAPTER 7 AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS
PREGEIVING ocx cress. seca earseeerensieaxvansccecstectetts 33
RECEIVER INCREMENTAL TUNING (RIT) .....33
IF SHIFT
NOISE BLANKER....
ADVANCED INTERCEPT POINT (AIP)
FUNCTION
TRANSMITTING........ .. 34
SPEECH PROCESSOR... .. 34
TIME-OUT TIMER (TOT) 34
OPERATOR CONVENIENCEG..........seccccssesseesessees 34
MICROPROCESSOR RESET .......::csseeseeseesees 34
REMOTE FUNCTIONS USING THE
MICROPHONE sri ccccscccsudletcevtsrepsonssevivsessessevs 35
PROGRAMMABLE FUNCTION (PF) BUTTON 36
LOCK FUNCTIONS ics tsserselasstucccescinvsssazessaece 36
Frequency Lock
Main Unit Lock
NICPORNO RO NOK aii. seecsssceespicossssaneceseosveaes a7.
AUTOMATIC POWER OFF (APO)..........200000000+ 37
CHANNEL DISBGAY, cx. casts rsssttveascsastvaoeses 37
TRANSVERTER FREQUENCY DISPLAY........ 37
PEAK MET ERUHIOED re cvcrsecsschetsesysatechosestascaes 37
REPROGRAMMING AUTO MODE/
PUTOIOP ESE ME pases sasessstgeecesistcesoesesisovvasuccansee’ 38
KEY CONFIRMATION BEEP TONE.............0-.- 38
MODULATION MODE AUDIBLE INDICATOR..39
MORSE CODE ALARM OUTPUT
DISPLAY DIMMER
CHAPTER 8 CONTINUOUS TONE CODED SQUELCH
SYSTEM (CTCSS)
SELECTING CTCSS FREQUENCIES
USINGCTICSSN.. Sais. ney
CHAPTER 9 DUAL TONE SQUELCH SYSTEM (DTSS)
STORING DTSS CODES
ENABLING DTSS......
DTSS AND REPEATERS
CHAPTER 10 =PAGE
OVERVIEW oars ssasnn creas cestasnal terse cnrinnegcucasevedtavas ts 42
PAGE CODE MEMORY si:.s:::-cssccdsusasieen tee enesties 42
STORING PAGE: CODES iets: sscsssiczssepspcsiocscstocunanone 42
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CONTENTS
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RECEIVING
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CALL
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Re
43
RECEIVING
A
CALL
WITH
A
GROUP
CODE..
43
PAGE
CODE
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REPEATERS
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LOCKING-OUT CODES
AUTO PAGE CANCEL
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CHAPTER 11 = TONE ALERT
ENABLING
TONESALERT.
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CHAPTER 12 MAINTENANCE
GENERAL
INFORMATION
..........cccccsscessssseseeseesees
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a
PREPARATION FOR MOBILE OPERATION -
When operating mobile, do not attempt to configure
your transceiver or change Menu settings while
driving because it is simply too dangerous. Stop the
car first, then make the necessary changes. Also, be
aware of local laws pertaining to the use of
headphones/headsets while driving on public roads.
If in doubt, do not wear headphones while mobiling.
MOBILE INSTALLATION
Install the transceiver in a safe, convenient position
inside your vehicle that minimizes danger to your
passengers and yourself while the vehicle is in
motion. For example, consider installing
the transceiver under the dash in front of the
Passenger seat so that knees or legs will not strike the
radio during sudden braking of your vehicle.
@ Installation Example
1 Install the mounting bracket using the supplied
flat washers and self-tapping screws.
* The bracket can be mounted with the
bracket opening for the transceiver facing
down for underdash mounting, or with the
opening facing up.
2 Position the transceiver in the bracket to
determine the best viewing angle.
+ You have 3 positions from which to choose:
angled up, horizontal, or angled down.
3 Insert and tighten the supplied SEMS screws
and washers using the wrench.
* Double check that all hardware is tightened
to prevent vehicle vibration from loosening
the bracket or transceiver.
Flat washer
Self-tapping screw
TM-255/TM-455
* Use only the top or middle row of holes to
mount the transceiver horizontally.
Note:
4
If
more
convenient,
you
can
separate
the
transceiver
Front
Panel
from
the
transceiver.
This
allows
easier
mounting
of
the
panel
near
the
operating
position
when
there
is
not
enough
room
for
the
whole
transceiver.
The
transceiver
can
be
installed
in
the
trunk
or
under
the
seat.
You can also use the optional MB-13 mounting bracket.
For the correct mounting procedure, refer to the instructions
packaged with the MB-13.

{ INSTALLATION AND CONNECTION
DC POWER CABLE CONNECTION
Route the DC power cable directly to the vehicle's
battery terminals using the shortest path from the
transceiver. It is not recommended to use the
cigarette lighter socket since some cigarette lighter
sockets introduce an unacceptable voltage drop.
To prevent the risk of short circuits, disconnect other
wiring from the negative (—) battery terminal before
connecting the transceiver. Confirm the correct
polarity of the connections before attaching the power
cable; red connects to the positive (+) terminal, black
connects to the negative (—) terminal. Use the full
length of the cable without cutting off the excess even
if the cable is longer than required. In particular,
never remove the fuse holder from the cable. After
completing transceiver connections to the battery,
then reconnect any wiring removed from the negative
terminal.
To Antenna
a —
ie 00 Le { Ground
Fuses (20A) 7
Red
Black
Speaker
12 V battery
If the power cable must be routed through a hole in
the vehicle chassis or body, for example in the firewall
at the front of the passenger compartment, use a
rubber grommet to protect the cable from abrasion.
The entire length of the cable must be dressed so it is
isolated from heat and moisture. After the cable is in
place, wind heat-resistant tape around the fuse holder
to protect it from moisture. Tie down the full run of
cable.
The vehicle battery must have a nominal rating of
12 V. Never connect the transceiver to a 24 V
battery. Be sure to use a 12 V vehicle battery that
has sufficient current capacity. If the current to the
transceiver is insufficient, the Display may darken
during transmission (at audio peaks during SSB
operation), or transmitter output power may drop
excessively.
Note:
@ /f you use the transceiver for a long period when the vehicle
battery has not been fully charged, or when the engine has
been stopped, the battery may become discharged, and will not
have sufficient reserves to start the vehicle. Avoid using the
transceiver under these conditions.
@ Replace blown fuses only after investigating and correcting the
cause of the failed fuse. Always replace a blown fuse by anew
fuse with the specified ratings.
m Replacing Fuses
If the fuse blows, determine the cause then correct
the problem. After the problem is resolved, only
then replace the fuse. If newly installed fuses
continue to blow, disconnect the power plug and
contact your dealer or nearest Service Center for
assistance.
| Function | Fuse Current |
Transceiver Power Cable 15A
DC Power Cable 20A
CAUTION: Only use fuses of the specified type and rating.
ANTENNA CONNECTION
Before operating mobile, you must first install an
efficient, well-tuned antenna. The success of your
mobile installation will depend largely on the type of
antenna and its correct installation. The transceiver
can give excellent results if the antenna system and
its installation is given careful attention.
Your choice of 144 MHz or 430 MHz antenna should
have a 50 ohm impedance to match the transceiver
input impedance. Use low-loss coaxial feed line that
also has a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms.
Coupling the antenna to the transceiver via feed line
having an impedance other than 50 ohms reduces the
efficiency of the antenna system, and can cause
interference to nearby broadcast television and radio
receivers.
CAUTION: Transmitting without an antenna or other matched
load connected may damage the transceiver. Always connect the
antenna to the transceiver first before transmitting.
GROUND CONNECTION
The ground, which is the other half of the antenna
system, is very important when using most mobile
antennas. Connect the feed line ground for the
antenna securely to the vehicle's chassis, and be
certain to bond (electrically connect) the vehicle body
to the chassis. The sheet metal will provide the
primary ground plane, so be sure to establish a good
RF connection from the feed line to both the chassis
and the body. For comprehensive information on
mobile antennas and their successful installation and
optimization, refer to any of the publications on the
subject available at dealers handling Amateur
supplies.
If your car has plastic bumpers, make sure to ground
the antenna mount to the body and the chassis of the
car.

IGNITION NOISE
This transceiver has been designed with a Noise
Blanker to filter ignition noise. However, some cars
may generate excessive ignition noise. If there is
excessive noise, use suppressor spark plugs (with
resistors), or take other countermeasures as may be
required to reduce these undesired electrically
generated noises.
PREPARATION FOR FIXED STATION
OPERATION
The following diagram illustrates how to connect the
cables to the rear of the transceiver. Connect the
cables securely so they will not come loose if pulled.
Antenna
ee ep Speaker
|
wer Supply —)]]
. a)
o
]
©) AC outlet
DC POWER SUPPLY CONNECTION
In order to use this transceiver for fixed station
operation, you will need a separate 13.8 V DC power
supply that must be purchased separately. DO NOT
directly connect the transceiver to an AC outlet! Use
the supplied DC power cable to connect the
transceiver to a regulated power supply. Do not
substitute a cable with smaller gauge wires.
The following table lists the current consumption for
each type of transceiver. Any regulated DC power
supply used should have a current rating higher than
listed in the table.
Transceiver Current
Model Consumption
TM-255 Less than 13 A
TM-455 Less than 15A
Plug the connectorized end of the DC power cable
into the DC 13.8 V connector on the rear panel of the
transceiver, and connect the other end of the cable to
the regulated power supply. The red wire must be
connected to the positive (+) terminal and the black
wire to the negative (-) terminal.
Note:
@ Suitable regulated DC power supplies include the PS-33 and
PS-53. All are available as accessories. Choose a power
supply with a current rating larger than the current requirements
of the transceiver.
*@ Before connecting the DC power supply to the transceiver, be
Sure to switch the transceiver and the DC power supply off.
@ Donotplug the DC power supply into an AC outlet until you
make all connections.
1_ INSTALLATION AND CONNECTION
m@ Replacing Fuses
If the fuse blows, determine the cause then correct
the problem. After the problem is resolved, only
then replace the fuse. If newly installed fuses
continue to blow, disconnect the power plug and
contact your dealer or nearest Service Center for
assistance.
[| Function | Fuse Current |
15A
Transceiver Power Cable
DC Power Cable 20A
CAUTION: Only use fuses of the specified type and rating.
@ Installation Example
For a deluxe installation, take the time to install the
transceiver in the mounting bracket. The diagram
offers some mounting suggestions.
Added benefits of using the mounting bracket in
your fixed station include the following:
* You can angle the transceiver for best visibility
from your operating position.
* The transceiver remains stationary when you
attach connectors or use any of the controls.
* The transceiver is quickly detachable from the
bracket if you want to move it to your mobile or
any other alternate operating position.
* The bracket eliminates the risk of anybody
bumping the transceiver off your operating
desk.
If you decide to mount the transceiver in a
horizontal plane instead of angling it up or down,
use the top or middle row of mounting holes on the
bracket. The bottom row of holes cannot be used
to mount the transceiver horizontally.
Use the wrench to
tighten the screws.

1 INSTALLATION AND CONNECTION
ANTENNA CONNECTION
The type of the antenna system, consisting of the
antenna, ground, and feed, will greatly affect the
successful performance of the transceiver. Use a
properly adjusted 50 ohm antenna of good quality
designed for operation at 144 MHz or 430 MHz to let
your transceiver perform at its best.
Install low-loss 50 ohm coaxial cable and a first quality
connector for the connection to the transceiver. For
longer feed line runs, especially for operation at UHF
frequencies, you might consider investing in air-
dielectric transmission line. The lower loss can make
a significant difference for those interested in weak
signal operation. In all cases, match the impedance
of the feed line and antenna so that the SWR is
minimum. Generally, an SWR measurement of 1.5:1
or less is considered satisfactory. All connections
must be clean and tight. Coupling the antenna to the
transceiver via feed line having an impedance other
than 50 ohms reduces the efficiency of the antenna
system. It also can cause interference to nearby
broadcast television receivers, radio receivers, and
other electronic equipment.
CAUTION:
@ All fixed stations should be equipped with a lightning arrester to
reduce the risk of fire, electric shock, and transceiver damage.
@ = Transmitting without an antenna or other matched load
connected may damage the transceiver. Always connect the
antenna to the transceiver first before transmitting.
GROUND CONNECTION
At the minimum, a good DC ground is required to
reduce the risk of electric shock, and to prevent
interference to other electronic equipment. For
superior communications results, a good RF ground is
required against which the antenna system can
operate. Both of these conditions can be satisfied by
providing a good earth ground for your station. Bury
one or more ground rods, or a large copper plate
under the ground, and connect this to the transceiver
GND terminal. Use heavy gauge wire or a copper
strap, cut as short as possible, for this connection. As
for antenna work, all connections must be clean and
tight.
CAUTION: DO NOT use a gas pipe, an electrical conduit, or a
plastic water pipe for a ground. All are dangerous or poor
practices.
ACCESSORY CONNECTIONS
EXTERNAL SPEAKER
Use an external speaker with 8 ohms impedance.
The jack accepts a 3.5 mm diameter mono (2-
conductor) plug.
MICROPHONE
To communicate in the voice modes, connect a
microphone having an impedance of 600 ohms.
@ Installing the Microphone
Before beginning to install the microphone, switch
OFF the POWER switch.
1 Press the Release button on the left side of the
Front Panel to unlock the panel. Carefully pull
the Front Panel forward from the left, then
remove it completely.
* Handle the Front Panel carefully to avoid
applying excessive force to the thin cable
joining the Front Panel to the Main Unit.
2 Insert the 8-pin modular microphone connector,
keeping its locking tab upward, into the jack
located at the lower left corner of the Main Unit
front. Push gently inward until the tab "clicks"
into place.
+ Ifusing a microphone that does not have a
modular plug, use a conversion cable. For
example, the MJ-88 cable accepts an 8-pin
microphone plug at one end. The other end
has a modular plug that mates with this
transceiver.
3 Reinstall the Front Panel.
* Check that the bushings holding the thin
cable are in place, and the microphone
cable is in the groove before closing the
Front Panel.
+ Press firmly on the Front Panel so the
Release button locks.

For CW operation, connect your key or electronic
keyer to the KEY jack on the rear panel. Use a 3.5
mm diameter mono (2-conductor) plug. When using
an electronic keyer, ensure the keyer wiring polarity is
correct.
+5V
io current approximately 1 mA
GND GND +
PACKET EQUIPMENT
If you intend to use this transceiver for Packet
operation, you will need the following equipment:
+ Personal computer with communications software
(Alternatively, a "dumb" terminal capable of
sending ASCII commands)
+ TNC (Terminal Node Controller)
* TNC power supply
« RS-232C cable
* 6-pin mini DIN plug and cable (optional PG-5A)
Refer to the accompanying diagram and the
associated hardware instruction manuals to configure
the equipment as shown. Connect your TNC to the
DATA connector on the transceiver Rear Panel using
a cable equipped with a 6-pin mini DIN plug. You can
use the microphone connector on the Front Panel;
however, the DATA connector is recommended for
the following reasons:
* The DATA connector uses connections at different
modulation/demodulation points depending on the
transmission speed selected via Menu B, No. 77
{page 22}. Therefore, using the DATA connector
will give optimum performance especially if using
9600 bps.
+ Using a mini DIN plug with a good-quality shielded
cable will provide better rejection from computer
noise.
* Easier to switch between voice and data modes.
No cable changes necessary therefore less
chance of damaging the connectors.
Do not share a single power supply between the
transceiver and the TNC. Keep as wide a separation
between the transceiver and computer.as practical to
reduce noise-pickup by the transceiver.

1_ INSTALLATION AND CONNECTION
@ DATA Connector Pinout
Packet Data (input)
* Transmit data from TNC to transceiver
Data Earth
+ Ground for TNC output
Packet Standby
* TNC can use this pin to inhibit the transceiver microphone input while transmitting
packet signals.
FM Demodulator Output
* For 9600 bps Packet operation
+ Output Level: 500 mVp-p/ 10 kQ
Demodulator Output
+ For 1200 bps Packet and RTTY operation
+ Audio output is taken before the VOL control
(VOL control has no effect on audio level)
+ Output level: 300 mVp-p/ 10 kQ
Squelch Control or Relay Output 2
Squelch Control ee
+ Inhibits TNC data transmit while transceiver squelch is open. This prevents
interference to voice communications on the same frequency and unwanted retries.
* Output level
Squelch open: +5 V (HIGH)
Squelch closed: 0 V (LOW)
Relay Output — i
+ Alternatively, provides a relay output for accessories such as a linear amplifier.
+ The output switches to GND during transmit.
+ Current rating: 500 mA maximum
' It is not necessary to disconnect the microphone if using the DATA connector. The TNC drives this pin LOW which mutes
the microphone.
2 Switch selectable: Set internal switch to "PSQ" for Squelch Control or "RL" for Relay Output {page 47}.
Transceiver
rear panel
Personal computer/ TM-255/TM-455 el
dumb terminal

The
following
sections
describe
basic
functions
of
the
controls,
buttons,
and
indicators
on
the
Front
Panel,
the
jacks
and
connectors
on
the
Rear
Panel,
and
the
indicators
on
the
Display.
For
full
explanations
of
functions
mentioned,
refer
to
the
appropriate
section
elsewhere
in
the
manual.
FRONT PANEL
©
KENWOOD
430MHz ALL MODE TRANSCEIVE!
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@ ALTERNATE TUNING control
Provides the following 3 functions:
© ®
* Frequency change
* Memory channel select
* Menu number select
@ F.LOCK (Frequency Lock) button
Locks or unlocks many Front Panel and microphone
buttons, keys and controls. Refer to "LOCK
FUNCTIONS" {page 36} for the complete list. Also
used to cycle through menu selections while Menu
Setup is being accessed.
@® LOW button
Toggles the transmitter output power between High
and Low. Also used to cycle through menu selections
while Menu Setup is being accessed.
@ AUTO/FM button
Toggles the modulation mode between AUTO and
FM.
@® SSB/CW button
Toggles the modulation mode between SSB and CW.
© CALL button
Recalls the Call channel.
@ POWER switch
Press to switch the transceiver ON or OFF.
MR (Memory Recall) button
Selects the Memory Recall function to allow memory
channels to be accessed.
© M.IN (Memory Input) button
Provides the following 2 functions:
* Memory Store
* Memory Scroll
amie
be beet
@® Microphone cable channel
After connecting the microphone, position the cable in
the channel before closing the Front Panel. Refer to
"Installing the Microphone" {page 4}.
@ A/B button
Provides the following 4 functions:
+ VFO Aor VFOB select
+ VFO mode restore
* Partial reset
* Menu A or Menu B select
(2 M>V (Memory > VFO) button
Copies the contents of the currently displayed
memory (frequency, modulation mode, etc.) to the
VFO used last, then selects VFO mode.
@3 MHz button
Provides the following 3 functions:
+ VFO mode: Activates 1 MHz Step for the
Alternate Tuning control.
+ Memory Recall: Allows programmed memory
channels only (ON) or all
memory channels (OFF) to be
selected.
* Memory Scroll: Allows only empty memory
channels (ON) or all memory
channels (OFF) to be selected.
( SCAN button
Starts and stops various types of scan functions.
© RIT button
Toggles Receiver Incremental Tuning between ON
and OFF. The RIT control adjusts the receiver
frequency without affecting the transmitter frequency.

2 GETTING ACQUAINTED =
@6 CLR (Clear) button
Provides the following 7 functions:
Program Scan stop
Memory Scan stop
Memory Scroll exit
Memory channel lock-out
Memory channel erase
Menu Setup exit
A=B copy
@ VOL (Volume) control
Adjusts the level of receiver audio from the speaker.
@8 SQL (Squelch) control
Adjusts the receiver squelch threshold level. This
allows you to mute speaker output while no stations
are being received.
@9_ RIT control
The Receiver Incremental Tuning control provides
the following 2 functions:
« Receiver frequency shift
With RIT ON, adjusts the receiver frequency
without affecting the transmitter frequency.
+ Scan speed change
@0 IF SHIFT control
Shifts the IF pass band to attenuate or eliminate
interfering signals on adjacent frequencies.
@) F (Function) button
Provides the following 3 functions:
* Second Function select
+ Menu Setup enter
* Menu Setup exit
@ TONE button
Toggles Tone and CTCSS status between ON and
OFF. Also, toggles Tone Alert ON and OFF.
@ SHIFT button
Selects transmit offset direction. Also, toggles DTSS
and Page status between ON and OFF while FM
mode is selected.
@ REV (Reverse) button
Switches the transmit frequency and receive
frequency when operating with a transmit offset or
split frequency in FM mode. Also, selects DTSS/Page
Code Select.
@) PROC (Processor) button
Toggles the transmitter Speech Processor between
ON and OFF.
@ AIP button
Toggles the Advanced Intercept Point (AIP) function
between ON and OFF.
@ NB (Noise Blanker) button
Toggles the Noise Blanker ON and OFF.
@ PF button
The function for this button can be assigned from
Menu B, No. 74. The function can be changed easily
whenever you wish.
@ ON AIR indicator
Lights red when the transceiver is both in Transmit
mode and tuned to a frequency within the transmit
band.
G0 BUSY indicator
Lights green while receiving signals or when SQL is
turned fully counterclockwise. See "BUSY" indicator
in the DISPLAY section on page 11 for more
information.
Gi) MAIN TUNING control
In VFO mode, use to select an operating frequency.
The transceiver only transmits on frequencies that lie
within the limits of the transmit band.
If memory channel 99 is recalled, use this control to
tune across the frequency range from the lower
frequency limit to the upper frequency limit stored in
this memory.

2 GETTING ACQUAINTED
REAR PANEL
® Power Input DC 13.8 V
Connect a 13.8 V DC power source {pages 2 and 3}.
You can use either a 12 V vehicle battery ora
regulated DC power supply with the supplied DC
cable. The TM-255 draws less than 13 A and the
TM-455 draws less than 15 A at full transmitter output
power.
@ ANT
Connect an external antenna designed for operation
on the same band as this transceiver {pages 2 and 4}.
When making test transmissions, connect a dummy
load in place of the antenna. The antenna system or
load should have an impedance of 50 ohms. Accepts
amale PL-259 coaxial plug.
@ KEY
Connect a key or electronic keyer for CW operation.
Accepts a 3.5 mm diameter mono (2-conductor) plug.
Always turn the transceiver power OFF before
inserting the key plug to avoid momentarily
transmitting as the plug is inserted. See page 5 for
connection details.
@ DATA
Connect a Terminal Node Controller (TNC) for Packet
operation. Accepts a 6-pin mini DIN plug. Also can
be used to control external equipment such as a linear
amplifier. See page 5 for further details.
@ EXT. SP
Connect an optional 8 Q external speaker for clearer
audio {page 4}. Connecting an external speaker cuts
off audio automatically to the internal speaker.
Accepts a 3.5 mm diameter (2-conductor) plug.
@® GND
Connect a heavy gauge wire or copper strap between
the ground terminal and the nearest earth ground
{pages 2 and 4}. Do not connect the ground wire to
either your house electrical wiring, or gas or water
pipes. A well-grounded transceiver will reduce the
risk of interference to television or broadcast radio
receivers. It can also reduce receiver noise caused
by static discharges.

2 GETTING ACQUAINTED
MICROPHONE
MC-45DM/45DME
MC-45/45E
@ [UP] button
@ [DWN] button
In general, these buttons perform the same function
as the Alternate Tuning control. They raise or lower
the VFO frequency, the memory channel number, the
Tone/CTCSS frequency, or the DTSS/Page code
digits. Holding either button down causes the action
to be repeated. Also, in Menu Setup, the buttons are
used to switch among available menu selections for
each menu number.
@ [PTT] (Push-to-talk) switch
Press to transmit; release to receive. Also, press to
exit Scan and DTSS/Page code setting.
@ LOCK switch
Locks all microphone functions except [PTT] and, if
equipped, the DTMF keypad. This switch does not
lock Front Panel buttons.
© PF (Programmable Function) keys
These keys do not have fixed functions, i.e. their
functions can be assigned and changed by the
operator {page 35}. By default, the keys have the
following functions:
[PF] key
Accesses the last menu number used in Menu Setup.
[VFO] key
Each press toggles between VFO A or VFO B. Same
function as [A/B] on the Front Panel.
[MR] key
Selects Memory Recall for access to the memory
channels. Same function as [MR] on the Front Panel.
10
[CALL] key (MC- 45/45DM)
Recalls the Call channel. Same function as [CALL]
on the Front Panel.
[1750] key (MC-45E/45DME)
Sends a 1750 Hz tone for repeater access.
© DTMF keypad (some versions only)
The 16-key keypad is used to transmit DTMF tones.
MICROPHONE CONNECTOR
(Front View)
UP DWN
DC 8 V, 100 mA RD: Receive audio
max. GND MIC (100 mV/ 10 ka)
STBY (PTT)| | GND (MIC)

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@ MENU
Appears when accessing Menu Setup or DTSS/Page
Code Select.
@ F.LOCK
Appears when the Frequency Lock function is ON.
@ MHz
Appears when the MHz function is ON. Also appears
while using Memory Recall when selecting from only
programmed channels, or Memory Scroll when
choosing empty memory channels.
@ AVFOB
"A VFO" appears when VFO A is selected, and "VFO
B" appears when VFO Bis selected. VFOs are
selected by using [A/B]. "A" and "B" appear while
Menu A and Menu B are being accessed respectively.
© --+
Indicates the transmit offset direction in relation to the
receive frequency. "+" and "—" are used by the
TM-255A/E and TM-455A. "+", "—", and "-—" are used
by the TM-455E.
@® TONE
Appears when the subaudible tone encoder is ON.
@ REV
Appears when the Reverse function is ON. Transmit
and receive frequencies are reversed.
PROC
Appears when the transmit Speech Processor is ON.
@ AIP
Appears when the Advanced Intercept Point function
is ON
@ NB
Appears when the Noise Blanker is ON.
@ AUTO
Appears when Automatic Modulation mode is
selected.
@ BELL
Appears when Tone Alert is ON.
® RIT display
Appears when Receiver Incremental Tuning is ON.
Displays the amount and direction of frequency shift
with the RIT ON, and the scan speed value while
scanning.
@ FM
Appears when the FM mode is selected by pressing
[AUTO/FN].
( LSB USB
Appears when Lower Sideband (LSB) or Upper
Sideband (USB) is selected by pressing [SSB/CW].
(® M.CH
Appears when Memory Recall is selected. Memory
Recall is selected by pressing [MR]. The memory
channel digits are used while accessing Menu Setup
and DTSS/Page Code Select to indicate the
Menu No. selected. The dot to the lower right of the
memory channel digits indicates the selected memory
channel is locked-out of Memory Scan.
@ ONAIR
Appears when the transceiver is in the Transmit
mode.
@® BUSY
Appears when the squelch is open due to a received
signal or noise that is greater in strength than the
noise squelch threshold level. Also appears when the
noise squelch is set to minimum by turning the SQL
control fully counterclockwise. If using either CTCSS
or DTSS, appears when the squelch is open due toa
received signal that contains a CTCSS frequency or
DTSS code that matches the Tone frequency or
DTSS code programmed in your transceiver.
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Appears when the selected Page code is locked-out.
@ Meter
In Receive, acts as a Peak Hold S-meter to indicate
the signal strength of received signals from S1 to 40
dB over S9. In Transmit, acts as a Peak Hold RF
meter to indicate approximate transmit output power
on ascale from 1 to 10. The peak hold characteristic
can be disabled by menu selection if desired. The S-
meter is used for setting the squelch threshold of the
S-meter Squelch function.
@ LOW
Appears when Low transmit output power is selected.
When "LOW' is not visible, High output power is
selected.
@ DTSS
Appears when the Dual Tone Squelch System is ON
(FM mode only).
@ CTCSS
Appears when the Continuous Tone Coded Squelch
System is ON (FM mode only) when the CTCSS unit
is installed.
@ CO
Appears when Carrier-operated Scan Resume is ON.
When not visible, Time-operated Scan Resume is in
effect.
@ Cw
Appears when the CW mode is selected by pressing
[SSB/CW].
@ M.SCR
Appears when Memory Scroll is selected by pressing
[M.IN].
12
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@ PRG
Appears when memory channel 99 is selected or
during Program Scan.
@ SCAN
Appears during Program Scan or Memory Scan.
@ TOT
Appears when the Time-out Timer function is ON.
@ Digital frequency display
Displays the transmit and receive frequencies. Also
displays menus while accessing Menu Setup or
DTSS/Page Code Select, and minutes/seconds for
Tone Alert.

MENU DESCRIPTION MENU ACCESS
Many
functions
on
this
transceiver
are
selected
or
Anytime
that
you
wish
to
change
a
function
that
is
configured
via
software-controlled
menus
instead
of
controlled
by
Menu
Setup,
use
the
following
physical
controls on
the
transceiver.
Once
familiar
procedure:
with the Menu system, you will appreciate the 41 Press 2s) or microph P M
versatility
it
offers.
No
longer
is
the
number
and
Setup
IF]
(2s)
sina
apace
sad
aomaaely
aa
complexity of features restricted by the physical size .
of Pasoiaid say “ a 2 Select Menu A or Menu B by pressing [A/B] or
The Menus are identified as Menu A and Menu B. microphone [VFO].
Menu A is used to access functions that are frequently + The last menu number used and the current
changed while Menu B is used for less frequently menu selection appear.
changed
functions.
3
Select
the
desired
menu
number
by
turning
the
Alternate Tuning control.
®
@
©
4
Select
the
desired
menu
selection
by
pressing
[F.LOCK], or [LOW], or microphone [UP] or
[DWN].
* When selecting from a group of numeric menu
selections, [F.LOCK] or microphone [UP]
selects in ascending order, and [LOW] or
microphone [DWN] selects in descending
order.
5 After selecting the desired menu selection, press
[F], or [CLR], or microphone [PF] to exit Menu
Loy r Setup.
Note:
@ Accessing menus while the Frequency Lock function is ON
@ ® cancels Frequency Lock temporarily. Frequency Lock is
restored after exiting Menu Setup.
The Automatic Power Off timer stops counting while you are in
Menu Setup.
Refer to the following tables when configuring Menu A or Menu B.
MENU A
Menu No. Description Selections Default
Display Brightness OFF/ d4/ d3/ d2/ d1
+ 4 Illumination levels and OFF (d1: brightest) Ww
CW Keying Delay 100/ 200/ 300/ 400/ 600/ 800/
* Delay time in milliseconds 1000/ 1400/ 1800 ms!
CW Receive Pitch 400 to 1000 Hz
* 50 Hz steps
Busy-Frequency Stop (Program Scan) ON/ OFF
* Enabled (ON) or Inhibited (OFF)
Scan Resume (Program Scan) 0/1
+ Time-operated (0) or Carrier-operated (1)
Memory Scan ON/ OFF
* All Memory channels (ON) or specific channel group
only (OFF)
SSB/CW Frequency Step Size 10 Hz/ 100 Hz/ 1 kHz/ 5 kHz/
+ Alternate Tuning control or microphone [UP]/[DWN] 10 kHz
* 5step sizes
FM Frequency Step Size 10 Hz/ 100 Hz/ 1 kHz/ 5 kHz/
+ Alternate Tuning control or microphone [UP]/[DWN]| 10 KH2/ 12.5 kHz/ 20 kHz/ 25 kHz
* 8 step sizes
AF Level Select
« Low (L) or High (H)
1 TM-455: Full Break-in ("Full") can be selected but this function is not supported.
2 U.S.A. and Canada: 5 kHz
13