KEPCO PT-14 User manual

v.1.0
PT-14
Tracer
USER MANUAL

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CONTENTS
GENERAL SAFETY SUMMARY .........................................................................................3
SAFETY TERMS AND SYMBOLS ......................................................................................3
1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................4
1.1 Application.............................................................................................................4
1.2 Description ............................................................................................................4
2 SPECIFICATIONS............................................................................................................5
2.1 Main technical data ...............................................................................................5
2.2 Environmental condition........................................................................................6
3 DESIGN............................................................................................................................7
3.1 Appearance...........................................................................................................7
3.2 Packing..................................................................................................................8
4 OPERATION PROCEDURES ..........................................................................................9
4.1 First use.................................................................................................................9
4.2 Battery charging ....................................................................................................9
4.3 Selection and setting the main parameters via the MENU options......................10
4.4 Operating Modes.................................................................................................12
4.5 Locating Methods................................................................................................14
4.6 Depth and current intensity of the utilities............................................................21
4.7 Testing of ground plots........................................................................................23
5 METHODS OF LOCATING DAMAGED PIPELINES AND UTILITIES............................26
5.1 Method of locating by current..............................................................................26
5.2 Fault finding with insulation control......................................................................26
5.3 Cable breakdown location...................................................................................30
5.4 Picking-up cables and conductors.......................................................................34
5.5 Locating the line-to-ground faults of the overhead lines in the networks of 6 ~ 10
kW with isolated neutral.....................................................................................................35
6 TROUBLESHOOTING AND REMEDIES........................................................................36

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USER MANUAL
This is the user manual for tracer PT-14 (hereinafter referred to as
Tracer). It contains all of the information a new user will need to
operate the Tracer effectively as well as safety conditions while using
the Tracer.
Note that all illustrations at this document are just for user’s
consideration. The actual design of the Tracer may be different.
The manufacturer can make changes into the Tracer construction,
which will not affect its operation, without special announcement.
GENERAL SAFETY SUMMARY
Review the following safety precautions to avoid injury and prevent
damage to this product or any products connected to it. To avoid
potential hazards, use this product only as specified. Only qualified
personnel should perform service procedures.
Do not operate with suspected failures. If you suspect
the product has been damaged, have it inspected by
qualified service personnel;
Do not operate in wet/damp conditions;
Do not operate in an explosive atmosphere. Keep
product surfaces clean and dry.
SAFETY TERMS AND SYMBOLS
These terms may appear on the Tracer or in the user manual:
WARNING. Warning statement identifies conditions or practices that
could result in injury or death.
CAUTION. Caution statement identifies conditions or practices that
could result in damage to the Tester or equipment to which it is
connected.

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1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Application
The Tracer paired with the GT-75 and GT-15 Transmitters is
designed to locate and trace cable and pipe lines (hereinafter
referred to as Utilities).
1.2 Description
The Tracer:
locates the planimetric position, orientation and misalignment of
utilities with simultaneous indication of a target line depth and
intensity of current through the line in the TRACE mode;
finds and traces the areas of faulty insulation of the utility line and
locates the position and depth of the line in the «TRACE/ SONDE»
mode;
picks the cable conductors and detects the short-circuited areas or
wire break (using the MD-01 mini-sensor);
logs readings with positional data received from external GPS
module; transmits these data to a PC.
Without the aid of the Transmitter the Tracer:
on the «50Hz» and «550Hz» frequencies locates cables by
detection Power signals naturally occurred on the utilities;
on the «100Hz» and «300Hz» frequencies locates utilities and
finds areas of damaged insulation of pipes by detecting
Electrochemical protection signals;
on the «55Hz» and «1450Hz» frequencies locates the areas of
ground fault of overhead lines by detection Power current
harmonics;
in the «AIR» mode locates utilities by re-radiated broadcasting and
telephone signals within the frequency band from 48Hz to 14kHz;
in the «RADIO» modes locates utilities by re-radiated broadcasting
signals within the frequency band from 10kHz to 36kHz.

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2 SPECIFICATIONS
2.1 Main technical data
The main technical data of the Tracer are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 –Main technical data of Tracer
Parameter
Value
Frequency,
Hz
Sensitivity,
min, µA/m*
Rated values of operating frequencies
(with Transmitter); sensitivity on the
selected frequency
273
526
1024
8928
32768 (33k)
500
300
150
25
5
Rated values of operating frequencies
(with Transmitter), Hz
50, 100, 300, 550 and 1450
Dynamic range of input signals, dB, min
102
Bandwidth for each operating
frequency, max, Hz
at the level of
minus 3dB
at the level of
minus 60 dB
9
24
Utility depth, m
from 0.10 to 6.00
Operating frequency current in the
utility
from 10mA to 10.0A
Admissible error of the depth of single
extended utility line, max
± {[4+0.3h(h+1)]%+0.1m},
where h is a measured depth
Admissible error of planimetric location
of a single line at the depth of 2 m, min
± 0.1
Operating frequency voltage at the
SONDE jack input
from 0.01mV to 1.70V
Sensitivity at the SONDE jack input at
the signal-noise ratio of 6dB, mV, min
0.05
Limits of admissible main error of
voltage measurement, max, % + dgt
± (3 + 3)
Input resistance at the SONDE jack
input, MOhm
1
Overall dimensions, max, mm
700 × 300 × 140
Continuous operation under the normal
conditions with full battery, min, h
5
Weight, max, kg
1.8
* Note. Rated for the “Broad peak” method. The signal-noise ratio is 6 dB
The Tracer provides signal gain adjustment with the step of 6 dB
(each step provides doubled gain).

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Power supply voltage is from 7.5V to 5.2V. The Tracer is powered
form a rechargeable Ni-Mh battery with the rated voltage of 6 V and
capacity of 2000mA∙h. The Tracer may be powered from the pack of
five replacement batteries of the AA type put into the battery
compartment. You may also use five AA - type batteries with the
voltage of 1.2V.
The batteries may be replaced without breaking a seal.
The Tracer has a battery level indicator, and it goes off automatically
to avoid excessive discharge when the battery is low.
The Tracer is switched to a battery charging mode when the power
supply unit is connected. The Tracer secures the battery against
overcharge when the battery is on its place.
The Tracer provides wireless Bluetooth communication with external
GPS Bluetooth module and PC.
2.2 Environmental condition
Ordinary values of the environment climatic factors for operating the
Tracer are specified in Table 2.
Table 2 –Tracer environment conditions
Factors
Storage and
transportation
Operating
Ambient temperature, ˚С
- 50 … + 70
- 20 … + 55
Atmospheric pressure, mm Hg
460 to 800
Relative humidity, %
90 (at 30 ˚С / non-condensing)
The Tracer can only be transported in proper packaging, in
accordance with section 3.2 of this user manual. When transporting
the Tracer, avoid vibrations and other physical impact on the Tracer.

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3 DESIGN
3.1 Appearance
The exterior of the Tracer is shown in Figure 1.
1
Jack for the power supply unit;
2
Jack for headphones;
3
Battery compartment cover;
4
SONDE jack for replacement sensors;
5
Front panel.
Figure 1 –Exterior of Tracer
The Tracer is supplied with the sun-protective cover. The cover is
fixed in the handle area with a Velcro tape.
1
2
3
4
5

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The exterior of the front panel of the Tracer is shown in Figure 2.
1
" " button. ON/OFF Tracer;
2
"MENU" button. Navigation key –enters/exits the menu;
3
Display;
4
" " button. Stores displayed parameters and GPS coordinates for further
transmission to a PC;
5, 6
" ", " " buttons. Adjusts signal gain; scrolls through the MENU options;
7
" " button. Sets optimum signal gain in the TRACE or SONDE channels
(depending on actual control area). Measures the utility depth and intensity of
current. Switches on/off the selected option in the MENU mode;
8
" " button. Adjusts the sound volume;
9
"F" button. Switches the available operating frequencies;
10
"MODE" button. Selects available locating modes. Switches the control areas to
change operating frequencies and amplify signal between the TRACE and SONDE
channels in the TRACE-SONDE mode.
Figure 2 –Front panel
3.2 Packing
Tracer and the operating documentation are wrapped with packaging
film in a way preventing dust and moisture from getting in and placed
in a packing crate.
The crates are supplied with labels containing the name of the Tracer
as well as shipping and storage instruction signs.
2
1
3
5
6
4
7
8
9
10

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4 OPERATION PROCEDURES
4.1 First use
If the Tracer was stored at low temperatures, it shall be kept at the
operating temperature for no less than 1 hour before use.
Take the Tracer out of its case and examine protective covers and
fasteners. Check the Tracer body and external power supply unit for
the mechanical damage.
WARNING!
Always observe safety rules when you work with live cables.
Do not apply voltage of more than 42V to the open metal parts or
jacks of the Tracer.
The Tracer locates utilities and cable faults by the induction method.
Replacement sensors facilitate finding damaged insulation by the
voltage of current bleeding via the ground.
The alternating magnetic field induced by the utility and/or the
voltage generated in the replacement sensors are transformed into a
signal form. This signal is amplified and processed by the digital
signal processor. Then the signal levels are displayed in a form of
line bars and digital values in dB or Volts. The indication may be
supported with the audible signal.
4.2 Battery charging
The Ni-Mh batteries of the 5H-AA 2000B-1 type with the rated
capacity of 2000mA∙h are used to supply the device.
WARNING!
Before charging, make sure that a rechargeable battery is put into
the battery compartment. If the battery case contains non-
rechargeable batteries when charging, this may cause damage to
the Tracer.
The ambient temperature shall be from plus 10 ºС to plus 30 ºС
when charging. Charging at other temperatures may reduce battery
life.
Charging rate is displayed as a battery icon.

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If you want to charge the battery, connect a power supply unit plug
(included in the delivery set) to the corresponding jack of the Tracer.
Plug the power supply in. Full battery is shown with completely
highlighted BATTERY bar graph indicator.
Charging time is from 6 to 8 hours. If the Tracer is out of use for a
long time, recharge the batteries quarterly.
Note. Charging of standard battery is with the current from 400mA to
500mA. When charging the batteries with other rated capacity, always
check the temperature. If it rises quickly, stop charging.
4.3 Selection and setting the main parameters via the MENU options
Press the "MENU" button to enter or exit the menu. The menu is
navigated with the signal gain buttons or sound volume buttons. The
options may be selected and changed with the «H» button.
4.3.1 In the INDICATION submenu (see Figure 3b)
the TRACE option (see Figure 3c) is used to select the signal peak
type (see Figure 3d) and to switch on/off the peak or null
indication;
the SONDE option (see Figure 3e) is used to expand the scale 1:4
and to select signal level at the of the SONDE jack input in dB or
Volts.
4.3.2 In the SOUND submenu (see Figure 3f) you may select an auditory
accompaniment of the indication:
as a single-frequency tone when the volume is proportional to the
signal level;
as a crack sound like in GM counter when the frequency of cracks
is proportional to the signal level;
as a direct audible signal from antenna on the frequencies of
«50 Hz» and «AIR». This function provides operation by ear.
In the TRACE mode the sound backs up the peak signal intensity.
When Peak mode is OFF, the sound level corresponds to the null
signal. In the TRACE-SONDE mode, the sound backs up the signal
at the SONDE jack input.

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a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
Figure 3 –Menus
> Indication…
Sound…
Measurements…
GPS
Exit
Indication
>TRACE scale…
SONDE scale…
Back
TRACE scale
>Peak type…
COMPASS
Peak scale
Null scale
Back
Maximum type
>Sharp
Broad
Expansion 1:4
Back
SONDE scale
>Scale in Volts
Scale in dB
Expansion 1:4
Back
Sound
>Tone
Dosimeter
Live
Back
Measurements
>Auto measurement H,I
Frequency set
Back
273Hz 100Hz
526Hz 300Hz
1024Hz 550Hz
8928Hz 1450Hz
φ 8928 RADIO
AIR 33kHz
50HZ

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4.3.3 In the MEASUREMENTS submenu you may use the following
options (see Figure 3g):
the AUTO, H and I options –to switch ON/OFF the continuous
indication of utility depth («H») and the current flowing through the
utility line («I»);
FREQUENCY SET option –to set the frequency levels for further
shortcut selection with the «F» button (see Figure 3h). You may
enter the frequency levels into the list of available values or delete
them with the “H” button. You may exit with the MENU button.
4.4 Operating Modes
4.4.1 The Tracer operates in two modes:
TRACE –to locate the utility and detect its depth and operating
frequency current flowing through it. The display of this mode is
shown in Figure 4a;
TRACE-SONDE –to locate the utility insulation damage and
detect the depth of damaged area; to detect the short-circuited
areas or wire break and select the conductors in the multi-core
cables. The display of this mode is shown in Figure 4c;
with the COMPASS option switched on, the direction of the
located cable relative to the Tracer will be displayed. The display
of the TRACE mode with COMPASS.
feature is shown in Figure 4b; in the TRACE-SONDE mode –in
Figure 4d.
To exit the TRACE mode and enter the TRACE-SONDE mode (and
vise versa), press the MODE key and hold it pressed for more than
two seconds.
WARNING!
For the correct operation of the Tracer in the TRACE-SONDE
mode, use the A-frame of new version with insulation joint.

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a)
b)
c)
d)
Figure 4 –Mode displays
1
Gain and operating frequency of the SONDE channel;
2
Gain and operating frequency of the TRACE channel;
3
Indicator of effective area for selected gain and/or operating frequency for the
TRACE and SONDE channels. To change the effective area, press the MODE key
shortly;
4
Barograph showing the relative signal strength at the SONDE jack input;
5
Voltage at the SONDE jack input –In Volts or dB;
6
Relative polarity caused by the leakage currents at the SONDE jack input;
7
Indication of the utility depth and the intensity of current via the utility;
8
Input signal from the magnetic antenna in dB and relative strength of input signal
(null bargraph). Locating is by null method with the preset direction of the utility;
2
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
4
13
15
14
20
16
17
7
20
19
18
9
15
14
12
16
7
18
19
4
3
2
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
9
10
13
15
14
12
16
17
5
6
17

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9
Relative strength of the input signal (peak bargraph). Locating is performed by the
peak method;
10
Indication of sharp peak (« ») or broad peak (« »);
11
Indication of scale extension « »;
12
Direction of current: « » - from Transmitter; « » - to Transmitter;
13
Input signal from the lower magnetic antenna in dB. Locating is by the peak
method;
14
Volume indicator;
15
GPS state, « » or « »;
16
Logging to the «» track, displayed at the moment of recording;
17
BATTERY state icon;
18
Tracer axis;
19
Utility position arrow;
20
Linear distance from the point logged by last pressing of “ ” button to present
position. Calculated according to the GPS readings.
CAUTION!
The indicator of the input signal strength in dB (for locating by peak
and null) turns red when the corresponding input channels are
overloaded (see Figure 4, Pos. 13 and 8).
4.5 Locating Methods
4.5.1 Selection of operating frequency
Frequency selection shall be performed depending on operating
conditions, targets and locating method. The operator shall have
corresponding qualification and practical skills.
We recommend you to start location at low frequencies both by direct
connection and induction methods. If the necessary signal strength
fails to be reached, you may operate the device at higher
frequencies.
Low-frequency location provides maximum range of search,
especially in the wet soil, and it reduces interferences to other
utilities. At the same time, the interferences of power signals and
adjacent utilities are stronger at lower frequencies.

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At higher frequencies, the range of search is greater in dry or frozen
soil, and interferences of power signals and adjacent utilities are
lower. Moreover, signal losses caused by insulated joints are much
lower. At the same time, the Transmitter induces much noise to
adjacent utilities, and this may result in false trails.
You may locate the utilities and damaged insulation without
Transmitter at the operating frequencies as follows:
«50Hz» - according to power cable signals (main frequency or
harmonics);
«100Hz», «300Hz» - according to electrochemical protection
signals;
«AIR», «RADIO» - according to telephone and/or broadcasting
signals.
This method may cause false trails since the tracing of the utility may
be complicated by branching, and direction of the target utility may
not be detected by “own signal”. The operator shall have
corresponding qualification and practical skills for this method.
4.5.2 Peak, null and current direction modes.
The Tracer contains four magnetic antennas. The Tracer shall be
arranged vertically (see Figures 5 and 9). The «broad peak» tracing
requires a lower horizontal antenna only; two horizontal antennas
operate during «sharp peak» tracing; one lower horizontal and one
vertical antennas operate for tracing in the null mode.
The COMPASS mode requires all 4 antennas of the Tracer.
4.5.2.1. Peak mode
The Tracer is equipped with sharp peak (« ») and broad peak
(« ») functions, which facilitate high accuracy of tracing depending
on the depth and density of utilities in the target zone.
In Figure 5 shows the relationship between the signal level and
antenna displacement from the utility.

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Figure 5 –The level of the responding signal depending
on the Tracer displacement from the utility axis
The «sharp peak» method provides high accuracy of the utility
tracing since the signal peak near the line axis is on the abrupt area
of the graph (see Figure 5, left display). When the antenna is
arranged right over the axis of the utility, the responding signal will be
on its peak. The signal gain in this point shall be set so that ¾ of the
scale were lighted; the sound volume shall be adjusted at the level,
comfortable for the operator. The « » button may be used
to adjust the optimum gain of each specific signal automatically.
The indicator barograph will grow down when the Tracer moves
away from the axis. Further displacement of the Tracer will result in
disappearing of the linear scale. The «--.-» icon will appear instead of
the signal level indication.
If the signal is weak or the depth of utility is sufficient, the indication
on the Peak scale may be unstable or missing. In this case you shall
use the «broad peak» method which demonstrates higher sensibility
to weak signals.
The indicator scale readings do not depend directly on the location of
the Tracer towards the utility at the «broad peak» method since the
signal peak is within the broadarea of the graph (see Figure 5, right
display). However, this method provides maximum sensitivity of the
Tracer.

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As far as you move along the line, the Tracer gain and the sound
volume shall be adjusted depending on the strength of the received
signal. Along the route the signal strength may change depending on
the cable core twists. The strength of signal may also drop
considerably in the areas where the cables are laid under pipelines
or near connecting sleeves, or in the areas where they are shielded
with metal pipes.
In some cases, the peak scale is not sufficient, e.g. when the pipeline
branch of smaller diameter is traced deeply under the ground.
At that, some portion of tracing current leaks through the branch, and
the peak signal strength over the main pipeline drops slightly, and
this may go unnoticed.
The «peak scale expansion 1:4» option reduces the scale divisions
to increase its resolution. The « » icon (Pos. 11 in Figure 4) will
be displayed, a yellow strip will appear under the «peak» scale to
show the expansion bar graph relative to the normal (unexpanded)
scale.
Using the gain up/down buttons, place the end of the extended
«peak» bar graph within the visible area of the display. The gain-up
button is expands the scale. The gain- down button makes the scale
shorter.
The optimum gain and scale for a specific signal intensity may be
obtained by pressing the « » button.
The option of the peak scale extension may be selected by scrolling
the MENU options as follows: Menu > Indication> TRACE scale >
Peak type > Extension 1:4.
4.5.2.2. The null method
The method of null provides precise tracing of single utilities. The null
signal is within the abrupt area of the characteristic curve.
In Figure 5 shows relationship between the null signal intensity and
the displacement of the antenna away from the target utility. When
the antenna is exactly over the axis of the utility, the signal will be on
its minimum. When you move the antenna away from the utility, you
will get the signal gain, and there will be more lighted segments of
the barograph towards the utility. Subsequent disposal of the
antenna will result in smooth signal attenuation.

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When you use the null method you should maintain the optimum gain
level of the Tracer. If the gain is too low, the barograph drift from the
center will be minor or unnoticeable. If the gain is too high, the
barograph drift may be drastic. This may give the impression of
chaotic operation of the Tracer.
When you move along the route of the utility, the signal may rise
sharply. This means that the bending (or branching) of utility takes
place. The indicator will show its direction.
When you locate the utilities surrounded with other lines and cables,
use the method of sharp peak since the interferences of adjacent
lines is too high during peak tracing.
4.5.3 Locating with COMPASS option
The COMPASS mode is used to facilitate location of single long-
distance utility lines with bends and turns. This COMPASS shows the
orientation of the located utility relative to the Tracer. This facilitates
the user operation.
The COMPASS option is selected via Menu as follows: Menu >
Indication> TRACE scale > COMPASS.
The COMPASS arrow will show the direction of the utility
(see Figure 4, Pos.19). In the TRACE mode, the Tracer displays the
peak scale and input signal strength; in the TRACE-SONDE mode,
the Tracer displays the scale, strength and polarity of signal at the
SONDE input.
Locating with the COMPASS feature is shown in Figure 6.
Moving along the target line, try to arrange the Tracer relative to the
utility so that the Utility position arrow (Figure 4 Pos.19) turned to be
aligned with the Tracer axis (Figure 4 Pos.18).
CAUTION!
The utility position arrow shall be used for visual presentation of
utility location only. It shall not be used for precise localization of
the target cable. If the signal is weak, the target line environment is
crowded and noisy, use the peak method as specified in 4.5.2.1.
The utility position arrow may become fuzzy during location. This
may occur when the Tracer is perpendicular to the path of the utility
line or the Tracer and target utility are distant, or locating signal is too
weak.

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Figure 6 –Locating with COMPASS
4.5.4 Locating by current direction
The method of current direction may be used to locate target line in
the areas with high concentration of utilities. Select the mode of
double-frequency signal of «1024Hz» on the Transmitter, and set the
operating frequency of the Tracer on the level of «1042Hz».
If the double-frequency signal strength is sufficient, the indication of
current direction (Figure 4, Pos. 12) will be active automatically.
If the COMPASS feature is used, the current direction will be shown
with the Utility position arrow direction (Figure 4, Pos. 19).
The Transmitter shall be connected directly to the target line for this
technique. The adjacent utilities shall be galvanically separated from
the target line in the point of connection (see Figure 7).

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The «direct current» will go via the target utility line from the
Transmitter, and it will be displayed as the « » icon. The so-called
«return current» will flow back to the Transmitter via the adjacent
lines. This current is generated due to the distant galvanic or
capacitance coupling with the target line, and It will be indicated as
the « » icon.
Figure 7 –The direction of current in the galvanically separated adjacent lines
In case the adjacent utility lines are galvanically coupled with the
target line, all these lines will have the signals of equal direction
(see Figure 8). Signal amplitudes of the adjacent lines may differ
depending on the search current spreading.
Figure 8 –The direction of current in the galvanically coupled adjacent lines