Kodiak 100 Series Quick setup guide

PrefaceGeneralEmergency LimitationsAbnormalProcedures
PerformanceWeight & Bal.
SystemsService
Supplements
QUEST AIRCRAFT COMPANY
1200 Turbine Drive
Sandpoint, ID 83864
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
www.questaircraft.com
PREFACE-1
Airplane Information Manual
(DOCUMENT NO: AM901.201)
100 SERIES AIRCRAFT
WARNING/NOTICE
At the me of issuance, this informaon manual was an exact
duplicate of the ight informaon contained within the Pilot’s
Operang Handbook and FAA Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
The informaon contained within this manual is to be used for
general purposes only and may NOT substute for the ocial Pilot’s
Operang Handbook. The informaon within this manual was
current as of the date listed below, and is for reference only.
DO NOT USE THIS MANUAL FOR
FLIGHT OPERATIONS
Revision 16
February 2015
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Table of Sections
CONTENTS SECTION
GENERAL ................................................................................................................ 1
LIMITATIONS ........................................................................................................... 2
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES ................................................................................ 3
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES ................................................................................ 3A
NORMAL PROCEDURES........................................................................................ 4
PERFORMANCE...................................................................................................... 5
WEIGHT AND BALANCE ........................................................................................ 6
AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS.............................................................. 7
HANDLING, SERVICE & MAINTENANCE.............................................................. 8
SUPPLEMENTS....................................................................................................... 9
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SECTION 1
GENERAL
Table of Contents
CONTENTS PAGE
GENERAL .............................................................................................................1-3
INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................1-3
THREE VIEW DRAWING ......................................................................................1-3
DESCRIPTIVE DATA ............................................................................................1-5
ENGINE..............................................................................................................1-5
PROPELLER......................................................................................................1-5
FUEL ..................................................................................................................1-6
OIL......................................................................................................................1-7
MAXIMUM CERTIFICATED WEIGHTS .............................................................1-7
TYPICAL AIRPLANE WEIGHTS ........................................................................1-7
CABIN, CARGO, AND ENTRY DIMENSIONS ...................................................1-8
BAGGAGE/CARGO COMPARTMENT DIMENSIONS.......................................1-8
SPECIFIC LOADINGS .......................................................................................1-8
SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND TERMINOLOGY ........................................1-9
GENERAL AIRSPEED TERMINOLOGY AND ABBREVIATIONS ......................1-9
METEOROLOGICAL TERMINOLOGY ............................................................1-10
ENGINE POWER TERMINOLOGY..................................................................1-10
AIRPLANE PERFORMANCE AND FLIGHT PLANNING TERMINOLOGY......1-12
WEIGHT AND BALANCE TERMINOLOGY......................................................1-12
WARNINGS, CAUTIONS, AND NOTES DEFINED..........................................1-14
MEANING OF “SHALL,” “WILL,” “SHOULD,” AND “MAY” ...............................1-14
MEANING OF “LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE” OR “PRACTICABLE” .........1-14
CONVERSION CHARTS.....................................................................................1-14
KILOGRAMS AND POUNDS ...........................................................................1-15
NAUTICAL MILES, STATUTE MILES, AND KILOMETERS.............................1-16
LITERS, IMPERIAL GALLONS, AND U.S. GALLONS.....................................1-17
TEMPERATURE CONVERSION CHART ........................................................1-20
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1-1 GENERAL
This section of the Pilot’s Operating Handbook provides basic data and
information for the pilot which is useful in loading, hangaring, handling, and
accomplishing routine preight inspections of the airplane. This section
also provides denitions and explanations of symbols, abbreviations and
terminology used in this handbook.
1-2 INTRODUCTION
This handbook contains 9 sections and includes the material required to be
furnished to the pilot by the Federal Aviation Regulations, as well as additional
information provided by Quest Aircraft Company, and constitutes the FAA
Approved Airplane Flight Manual. Refer to the Table of Sections in the
“Preface” of this manual for a complete listing of the sections contained in this
handbook.
English is the authoritative text of Quest Aircraft Company, L.L.C., and Quest
Aircraft Design, L.L.C., technical publications. If a technical publication is
translated, then the English version will control.
1-3 THREE VIEW DRAWING
See Figure 1-1 for a general arrangement drawing of the KODIAK 100.
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Figure 1-1 – Three View Drawing
Main Landing Gear
Track Width: 137 in
Maximum Height: 14.7 ft
19 in
Wheel Base Length:
130 in
33.8 ft
45.0 ft
Wing Area: 240 sq.ft.
Minimum Turning Radius: 152 in
(Main Landing Gear to
Nose Landing Gear)
Max. Propeller Diameter: 96 in
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1-4 DESCRIPTIVE DATA
ENGINE
Number of Engines: 1
Engine Manufacturer: Pratt & Whitney Canada
Engine Model Number: PT6A-34
Engine Type: The PT6A series engine is a free power, two-shaft turbine
engine. The engine uses a three-stage axial and one-stage centrifugal
compressor section, an annular reverse-ow combustion chamber, single
stage compressor turbine, single stage power turbine. The exhaust gas
is directed through an annular exhaust plenum to the atmosphere via twin
opposed exhaust ports provided in the exhaust duct.
Horsepower Rating:
Type of Engine Power
Shaft
Horsepower
(SHP)
Takeoff 750
Maximum Continuous Emergency 750
Maximum Normal Operating 700
Maximum Climb 700
Maximum Cruise 700
Table 1-1 – Horsepower Rating
PROPELLER
Number of Propellers: 1
Propeller Manufacturer: Hartzell Propeller Inc.
Propeller Model Number: HC-E4N-3P (HC-E4N-3PY) / D9511FSB
Number of Propeller Blades: 4
Propeller Diameter: 95 - 96 inches
Propeller Type: Constant speed, full feathering, reversible, hydraulically
actuated aluminum-bladed propeller, with a feathered blade angle of 86°, a
low pitch blade angle of 17.5°, and a maximum reverse pitch of -10° (at the
30-inch radius).
NOTE: Horsepower ratings are for 2200 RPM (propeller).
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FUEL
The following fuels and fuel additives are FAA approved for use on the
KODIAK 100, subject to the limitations and requirements given in “Section 2”
of this manual.
Approved Fuel Grade Issuing Authority
(Specication) Freezing Point °C (°F) Color
JET A ASTM D 1655 -40 (-40) Straw
JET A-1 ASTM D 1655 or
DEF STAN 91-91 -47 (-53) Straw
JP-1 MIL-T-5616 -46 (-51) Straw
JP-5 MIL-DTL-5624 -50 (-58) Straw
JP-8 MIL-DTL-83133 -60 (-76) Straw
No. 3 Jet Fuel GB6537 (China) -47 (-53) Straw
Table 1-2 – Approved Fuels
Icing Inhibitor Additive Name Concentration Required (% by Volume)
Diethylene Glycol Monomethyl
Ether (DIEGME) conforming to
MIL-DTL-85470 or MIL-I-85470
0.10% to 0.15%
Table 1-2A – Approved Anti-Icing Additive
If additional biocidal protection is desired, the following additive is permitted:
Biocidal Additive Maximum Concentration Allowed (% by Volume)
Biobor JF 0.02% (270 ppm)
Table 1-2B – Approved Biocidal Additive
Fuel Capacity (in U.S. Gallons):
Both Tanks ........................................................320 U.S. Gallons (2177 lb)
Each Tank .........................................................160 U.S. Gallons (1089 lb)
Capacity to Inboard Filler Ports (Both Tanks)....193 U.S. Gallons (1313 lb)
Usable Fuel (Both Tanks ON) ...........................315 U.S. Gallons (2143 lb)
Unusable Fuel (Both Tanks ON) ...............................5 U.S. Gallons (34 lb)
Undrainable Fuel (Both Tanks ON) ........................0.15 U.S. Gallons (1 lb)
CAUTION: JP-5 and JP-8 fuels contain anti-icing additives. Do not use
additional additives with these fuels.
WARNING: All fuels used must contain anti-icing fuel additive
conforming to MIL-DTL-85470 or MIL-I-85470, unless the exceptions given
in “Section 2” of this manual are followed.
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OIL
Oil Grade (Specication): Engine oil must conform to the current revision of
Pratt & Whitney Canada “Service Bulletin No. 1001.” Refer to “Section 8”
of this manual for a listing of approved oils.
Total Oil Capacity (including oil in lter, cooler, and hoses): Approximately
13 US quarts
Drain and Rell Quantity: Approximately 9 US quarts
Oil Quantity Operating Range: Keep lled to within 1 ½ quarts of the
maximum indication on the dipstick. Graduations on the dipstick indicate
the oil level in U.S. quarts below the maximum capacity of the oil tank.
MAXIMUM CERTIFICATED WEIGHTS
Ramp............................................................................................... 7305 lb
Takeoff............................................................................................. 7255 lb
Landing ........................................................................................... 6690 lb
Maximum Zero Fuel Weight............................................................ 6490 lb
TYPICAL AIRPLANE WEIGHTS
Standard Empty Weight .................................................................. 3775 lb
Maximum Standard Useful Load..................................................... 3530 lb
NOTE: In order to obtain an accurate oil level reading, it is necessary
to either check the oil within 10 to 20 minutes after engine shutdown
(referencing the max hot markings while the oil is still hot) or to reference
the max cold markings prior to the rst ight of the day. If more than 10 to
20 minutes have elapsed since engine shutdown and the engine oil is still
warm, perform an engine motoring run before checking the oil level and
reference the max hot markings.
WARNING: Ensure the oil dipstick/cap is latched down securely.
Operating the engine with the dipstick/cap unlatched will result in
excessive oil loss leading to eventual engine stoppage.
NOTE: Refer to “Section 7” of this manual for recommended loading
arrangements.
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CABIN, CARGO, AND ENTRY DIMENSIONS
Maximum Cabin Width.....................................................................54.0 IN
Maximum Cabin Height....................................................................57.0 IN
Cabin Length (Forward Door Post to Aft Bulkhead)..........................190 IN
Minimum Crew Door Width .................................................................31 IN
Minimum Crew Door Height................................................................51 IN
Maximum Crew Door Sill Height .........................................................43 IN
BAGGAGE/CARGO COMPARTMENT DIMENSIONS
Cargo Volume (Total, Aft of Crew Seats)....................................248 CU FT
Aft Cargo Shelf Volume................................................................38 CU FT
Minimum Cargo Door Width...........................................................49.25 IN
Minimum Cargo Door Height..........................................................49.25 IN
Maximum Cargo Door Sill Height........................................................38 IN
SPECIFIC LOADINGS
Wing Loading .................................................................... 30.2 LB / SQ FT
Power Loading ..................................................................... 9.67 LB / SHP
NOTE: Refer to “Section 6” of this manual for loading weight limits.
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1-5 SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND TERMINOLOGY
GENERAL AIRSPEED TERMINOLOGY AND ABBREVIATIONS
KCAS - Knots Calibrated Airspeed – The indicated airspeed of an airplane
expressed in knots, corrected for position and instrument error. Calibrated
airspeed is equal to true airspeed in a standard atmosphere at sea level.
GS - Ground Speed – The speed of an airplane relative to the ground.
KIAS - Knots Indicated Airspeed – The speed of an airplane as shown on
the airspeed indicator.
KTAS - Knots True Airspeed – The airspeed, expressed in knots, relative to
undisturbed air which is KCAS corrected for non-standard temperature and
altitude.
V
climb
- Enroute Climb Speed – The regulatory climb speed at which the
performance data in “Section 5” of this handbook is based upon.
V
fE
- Maximum Flap Extended Speed – The highest speed permissible with
the wing aps placed in a prescribed extended position.
V
mo
- Maximum Operating Airspeed – The speed that may not be
deliberately exceeded in normal ight operations.
V
nE
- Never Exceed Speed – The airspeed which should never be exceeded
during ight operations.
V
o
- Maximum Operating Maneuvering Speed – The maximum speed at
which application of full or abrupt control movements may be used without
overstressing the aircraft. At speeds less than or equal to maneuvering
speed, the aircraft will stall before the maximum load limits are reached.
V
rEf
- Landing Reference Speed or the threshold crossing speed – The
base speed used for reference and calculations.
V
s
-Stalling Speed or the minimum steady ight speed at which the
airplane is controllable in the clean conguration.
V
so
- Stalling Speed or the minimum steady ight speed at which the
airplane is controllable in the landing conguration at max weight and
forward C.G.
V
x
- Best Angle-of-Climb Speed – The speed which results in the greatest
gain of altitude in a given horizontal distance.
V
y
- Best Rate-of-Climb Speed – The speed which results in the greatest
gain of altitude in a given time and changes with altitude.
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METEOROLOGICAL TERMINOLOGY
ISA - International Standard Atmosphere – Atmospheric conditions in
which:
1. The air is a dry, perfect gas.
2. The temperature at sea level is 15° Celsius (59° Fahrenheit).
3. The pressure at sea level is 29.92 inches of mercury (1013.2 mb).
4. The temperature gradient from sea level to the altitude at which the
temperature is -56.5°C (-69.7°F) is -0.00198°C (-0.003564°F) per foot and
zero above that altitude. This translates to -1.98°C (-3.56°F) per thousand
feet in altitude.
OAT - Outside Air Temperature – The free air static temperature, obtained
either from in-ight temperatures or ground meteorological sources,
adjusted for instrument error and compressibility effects.
Pressure Altitude – The altitude read from a pressure altimeter when the
altimeter’s barometric scale has been set to 29.92 inches of mercury or
1013.2 mb.
ENGINE POWER TERMINOLOGY
Beta Mode – The engine operational mode in which both the propeller blade
angle and the engine power are controlled by the power lever. Beta mode
may only be used during ground operations.
Flameout – The unintentional loss of combustion chamber ame during
engine operation.
Gas Generator RPM (
ng
)– Indicated in percent of gas generator RPM based
on a scale in which 100% equals 37,500 RPM.
Hot Start – An engine start, or an attempted engine start, which results in an
ITT that is more than 1090°C.
ITT - Inter-Turbine Temperature – A measurement of the temperature
between the compressor turbine and the power turbine stator.
Maximum Climb Power – The maximum power approved for a normal climb.
Use of this power setting is limited to climb operations. This setting relates
to the power developed at the maximum torque limit relative to propeller
RPM, ITT (765°C), or
Ng
limit of 101.6%, whichever occurs rst.
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Maximum Continuous Power – The maximum power rating, limited
to emergency or abnormal conditions only, which require maximum
aircraft performance, for example, extreme icing conditions or excessive
downdrafts. This power is developed at the maximum torque limit of 1970
lb.ft., ITT of 790°C, or an
Ng
limit of 101.6%, whichever occurs rst.
Maximum Cruise Power – The maximum power approved for cruise;
maximum cruise power is not time limited. This power setting relates to the
power developed at the maximum cruise torque from the Max Torque for
Cruise Chart in “Section 5,” ITT of 740°C or the
Ng
limit of 101.6%,
whichever occurs rst.
Maximum Takeoff Power – The maximum power rating, limited to a
maximum of 5 minutes for normal operations. Use of this power setting
should be limited to normal takeoff operations. This power setting is
dened by the limitations of the maximum torque of 1970 ft.lb., 790°C ITT
or the
Ng
limit of 101.6%, whichever occurs rst.
ng
– Represents the gas generator (compressor turbine) RPM. 100%
Ng
represents 37,500 RPM.
np
– Represents Propeller RPM and is an indication of the propeller speed in
RPM.
Reverse Thrust – The thrust produced when the propeller blades are rotated
beyond a at pitch and into a reverse angle.
RPM – Revolutions Per Minute.
SHP - Shaft Horsepower – The power available at the propeller shaft.
Torque – A measurement of the rotational force exerted by the engine on the
propeller shaft.
Windmill – Propeller rotation powered by relative airow only.
SHP = Propeller RPM x Foot Pounds of Torque
5252
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AIRPLANE PERFORMANCE AND FLIGHT PLANNING
TERMINOLOGY
Climb Gradient – The demonstrated ratio of the change in height during a
portion of a climb, to the horizontal distance traversed in the same time
interval.
Demonstrated Crosswind Velocity – The velocity of the crosswind
component at which adequate control of the aircraft and landing was
actually demonstrated during certication testing. This value is not
considered to be a performance limitation for the aircraft.
g– Acceleration equal to that produced by the force of gravity.
NMPP - Nautical Miles Per Pound – The attainable distance per pound of
fuel consumption.
PPH - Pounds Per Hour – The amount of fuel consumed per hour.
Unusable Fuel – The quantity of fuel which may not be safely used in
ight.
Usable Fuel – The fuel available for engine operation and ight planning
purposes.
WEIGHT AND BALANCE TERMINOLOGY
Arm – The horizontal distance from the reference datum to the center of
gravity (C.G.) of a given item.
Basic Empty Weight – The standard empty weight of an aircraft plus the
weight of any optional equipment.
C.G. - Center of Gravity – The point at which an object (airplane) would
balance if it were suspended. The C.G. distance from the reference datum
is determined by dividing the total moment by the total weight of the
airplane.
C.G. Arm - Center of Gravity Arm – The arm obtained by adding the
airplane’s individual moments and dividing the sum of the moments by the
airplane’s total weight.
C.G. Limits - Center of Gravity Limits – The extreme center of gravity
locations within which the airplane must be operated at a given weight.
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MAC - Mean Aerodynamic Chord of a wing is the chord of an imaginary
airfoil which will have the same force vectors as those of the actual wing,
throughout the ight range.
Maximum Landing Weight – The maximum weight approved for the landing
touchdown.
Maximum Ramp Weight – The maximum weight approved for ground
operations. This includes the weight of fuel used for starting, taxi, and
runup.
Maximum Takeoff Weight – The maximum weight approved for the start of
takeoff roll.
Moment – The product of the weight of an item multiplied by its arm. (The
actual moment divided by a constant of 1000 is used to simplify balance
calculations by reducing the number of digits.)
MZFW - Maximum Zero Fuel Weight – The maximum allowable weight of
the airplane and all its contents, minus the total weight of the fuel on board.
Ramp Condition – The weight and moment of the aircraft prior to taxi.
Reference Datum – An imaginary vertical plane from which all horizontal
distances are measured for weight and balance purposes.
Residual Fuel – Another name for undrainable fuel or the fuel remaining
when the airplane is de-fueled. Residual fuel is considered to be a part of
the empty weight of the aircraft.
Standard Empty Weight – The weight of a standard airplane including any
residual fuel, full operating uids and full engine oil.
Station – A location along the airplane fuselage usually expressed in terms of
distance from the reference datum.
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WARNINGS, CAUTIONS, AND NOTES DEFINED
WARNING: An operating procedure, technique, note, or maintenance
practice which may result in personal injury or death if not carefully followed.
Called out by a dashed red box and the following exclamation triangle:
CAUTION: An operating procedure, technique, note, or maintenance
practice which may result in damage to equipment if not carefully followed.
Called out by a dashed yellow box and the following exclamation triangle:
NOTE: An operating procedure, technique, note, or maintenance condition
which is considered essential or benecial to emphasize. Called out by a blue
box and the following check mark triangle:
MEANING OF “SHALL,” “WILL,” “SHOULD,” AND “MAY”
The words “shall” and “will” are used to denote a mandatory requirement. The
word “should” denotes something that is recommended but not mandatory.
The word “may” is permissive in nature and suggests something which is
optional.
MEANING OF “LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE” OR
“PRACTICABLE”
The use of these two terms relates to the urgency of the situation. When it
is suggested to land as soon as possible, this means to land at the nearest
suitable aireld after considering weather conditions, ambient lighting,
approach facilities, and landing requirements. When it is suggested to land
as soon as practicable, this means that the ight may be continued to an
airport with superior facilities, including maintenance support, and weather
conditions.
1-6 CONVERSION CHARTS
A series of charts and graphs are provided on the following pages for
conversion to and from U.S. weights and measures to metric and imperial
equivalents. The charts and graphs are included as an aide to pilots who
are located in countries other than the United States or pilots from the United
States who are traveling to or within other countries.
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KILOGRAMS AND POUNDS
Converting Kilograms to Pounds
Kilograms 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
02.205 4.409 6.614 8.818 11.023 13.228 15.432 17.637 19.842
10 22.046 24.251 26.455 28.660 30.865 33.069 35.274 37.479 39.683 41.888
20 44.092 46.297 48.502 50.706 52.911 55.116 57.320 59.525 61.729 63.934
30 66.139 68.343 70.548 72.753 74.957 77.162 79.366 81.571 83.776 85.980
40 88.185 90.390 92.594 94.799 97.003 99.208 101.41 103.62 105.82 108.03
50 110.23 112.44 114.64 116.85 119.05 121.25 123.46 125.66 127.87 130.07
60 132.28 134.48 136.69 138.89 141.10 143.30 145.51 147.71 149.91 152.12
70 154.32 156.53 158.73 160.94 163.14 165.35 167.55 169.76 171.96 174.17
80 176.37 178.57 180.78 182.98 185.19 187.39 189.60 191.80 194.01 196.21
90 198.42 200.62 202.83 205.03 207.23 209.44 211.64 213.85 216.05 218.26
100 220-46 222.67 224.87 227.08 229.28 231.49 233.69 235.90 238.10 240.30
1000 2204.6 2226.7 2248.7 2270.8 2292.8 2314.9 2336.9 2359.0 2381.0 2403.0
Table 1-3 – Kilograms to Pounds
Converting Pounds to Kilograms
Pounds0123456789
00.454 0.907 1.361 1.814 2.268 2.722 3.175 3.629 4.082
10 4.563 4.990 5.443 5.897 6.350 6.804 7.257 7.711 8.165 8.618
20 9.072 9.525 9.979 10.433 10.866 11.340 11.793 12.247 12.701 13.154
30 13.608 14.061 14.515 14.969 15.422 15.876 16.329 16.783 17.236 17.690
40 18.144 18.597 19.051 19.504 19.958 20.412 20.865 21.319 21.772 22.226
50 22.680 23.133 23.587 24.040 24.494 24.948 25.401 25.855 26.308 26.762
60 27.216 27.669 28.123 28.576 29.030 29.483 29.937 30.391 30.844 31.298
70 31.751 32.205 32.659 33.112 33.566 34.019 34.473 34.927 35.380 35.834
80 36.287 36.741 37.195 37.648 38.102 38.555 39.009 39.463 39.916 40.370
90 40.823 41.277 41.730 42.184 42.638 43.091 43.545 43.998 44.452 44.906
100 45.359 45.813 46.266 46.720 47.174 47.627 48.081 48.534 48.988 49.442
1000 453.59 458.13 462.66 467.20 471.74 476.27 480.81 485.34 489.88 494.42
Table 1-4 – Pounds to Kilograms
NOTE: Example of how to use the following table:
To convert 60 pounds to kilograms, locate the 60 in the rst column and
then move right, horizontally to column number 0 and read the solution:
60 Pounds = 27.216 Kilograms
NOTE: Example of how to use the following table:
To convert 87 kilograms to pounds, locate the 80 in the rst column and
then move right, horizontally to column number 7 and read the solution:
87 kilograms = 191.80 pounds.
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NAUTICAL MILES, STATUTE MILES, AND KILOMETERS
Nautical
Miles
Statute
Miles Kilometers Nautical Miles
Statute
Miles Kilometers Nautical Miles
Statute
Miles Kilometers
5 6 9 175 202 324 345 397 639
10 12 19 180 207 333 350 403 648
15 17 28 185 213 343 355 409 657
20 23 37 190 219 352 360 415 667
25 29 46 195 225 361 365 420 676
30 35 56 200 230 370 370 426 685
35 40 65 205 236 380 375 432 695
40 46 74 210 242 389 380 438 704
45 52 83 215 248 398 385 443 713
50 58 93 220 253 407 390 449 722
55 63 102 225 259 417 395 455 732
60 69 111 230 265 426 400 461 741
65 75 120 235 271 435 405 466 750
70 81 130 240 276 444 410 472 759
75 86 139 245 282 454 415 478 769
80 92 148 250 288 463 420 484 778
85 98 157 255 294 472 425 489 787
90 104 167 260 299 482 430 495 796
95 109 176 265 305 491 435 501 806
100 115 185 270 311 500 440 507 815
105 121 194 275 317 509 445 512 824
110 127 204 280 322 519 450 518 833
115 132 213 285 328 528 455 524 843
120 138 222 290 334 537 460 530 852
125 144 232 295 340 546 465 535 861
130 150 241 300 345 556 470 541 870
135 155 250 305 351 565 475 547 880
140 161 259 310 357 574 480 553 889
145 167 269 315 263 583 485 559 898
150 173 278 320 369 593 490 564 907
155 178 287 325 374 602 495 570 917
160 184 296 330 380 611 500 576 926
165 190 306 335 386 620 505 582 935
170 196 315 340 392 630 510 587 945
Table 1-5 – Convert Between Miles and Kilometers
Uncontrolled if printed