Krell Industries SBP-64X Quick start guide

0
0
|½dDIGITALINC.
0 WNERSREFERENC~
SBP-64X SOFTWAREBASEDPROCESSOR

TABLEOF CONTENTS
CRITICALINFORMATION........................................ 2
INSTALLATIONGUIDE........................................... 2
INSTALLATIONSITES........................................... 2
,PLACEMENT.................................................... 3
CONNECTIONS................................................ 3-4
POWERUP..................................................... 4
QUESTIONSANDANSWERS.................................... 4-5
SBP-64XDESIGNFEATURES................................... 6-7
TECHNICALASSISTANCEGLOSSARY............................ 7-9
SBPo64xSOFIAVAREBASEDPROCESSORDATA...Rear CoverFold Out
COMPONENTDIAGRAM&DESCRIPTION........ RearCoverFoldOut
INTRODUCTION
Welcometo the KrellDigitalfamilyof audiocomponents.Youhavejoineda
selectgroupofdiscriminatinglistenerswhoenjoythe finestin musicreproduction.
KrellDigitalis dedicatedto the designoftechnologicallyadvancedcomponents
for the reproductionof digitally recordedmusic.Ourdesignscontinuethe Krell
philosophyof uncompromisingperformancethroughleadingedgetechnology.
YourSBP-64Xis the flagshipmodelin ourdigital playbackcomponentseries.
It willprovideyouwitha morefaithfulrecreationofthemusicalexperiencethanany
otherproductof its type.
Thepeopleat Kreli Digital are committedto anongoingupgradeprogram
designedto upholdyourSBP-64X’spositionasanindustryleader.Ourmodulardesigns
willenableusto offerrevisionsto boththesoftwareandhardwareaswecontinueto
redefinethestateof theart in digitalmusicplayback.
Therefore,alongwiththe remarkableimprovementthis KDIprocessorhas
renderedto yoursystemcomesthe firmknowledgethat youwill beableto increase
its capabilityandvalueastimegoesby.
Inthe unlikelyeventthat yourSBP-64Xshouldrequireservice, youwill be
pleasedto notethat yourcomponentis backedbya comprehensiveCustomerSatis-
factionPolicy*,andoneofthemostadvancedservicefacilitiesin theindustry.
If, uponreadingthis Owner’sReferenceyoushouldhaveanyquestions
or suggestions,pleasedonothesitateto contactyourauthorizeddealeror Krell
DigitalInc.
ThisOwner’sReferenceis dividedinto severalsections,eachdesignedto
performa differentfunction.Thesectionscovercritical installationmaterial,a
"Q&A"sectionwhereweprovideanswersto questionswhichmayarise, a Technical
AssistanceGlossaryfor technicalexplanations,andaninsightinto theunmatched
capabilitiesofyourSBP-64X.
Whilereadingthis guide,youmayencountersomekeywordsor phraseswhich
areunfamih’arto you.Wehavetriedto anticipatethesepotentialunknownsin order
to assist youin understandingtheexactingtechnologiesdevelopedfor this component
byKDI.Youwillnoticethat thesephrasesareitalicized.Thisspecialtypefaceindi-
catesthat anexplanationis includedin theGlossary.
Wemaynot haveanticipatedall the termsfor whichyouwouldlike further
clarification.Inthisevent,pleasefeelfi’eetocontactyourauthorizeddealer,orthe
KDIstaffforfurtherassistance.
*Fordetailedinformationonthetermsandconditionsofservice,pleaseconsultyour
warrantyregistrationcard.

CRITICAL INFORMATION!
Weunderstandthat thedesireto listento yourfavoritemusicthroughthis fine
componentmaytake precedenceover reading this document.However,your
SBP-64Xis a verysophisticatedmulti-computersystemas wellasa state oftheart
audiophilecomponent.It shouldalwaysbeconnectedwithgreat care.
Forthis reason,wehavecompiledthisinstallationguideto enableyouto "boot"
yourprocessorquicklyandcorrectly,withoutthepossibilityof damagethroughhaste.
It providesthe procedureswhichwillallowyouto listen andenjoyyourSBP-64X.
Whenyouhavecompletedyourinstallation, maywesuggestyoureturnto the
designfeaturessectionof this manualfor moreinformationonthe performance
characteristicsofyourprocessor.
If youexperienceoperationaldifficultieswithyourSBP-64Xdonotattemptany
repairs on your own.THEREARENOUSERSERVICEABLEPARTSWITHINTHE
SBP-64X.ContactyourauthorizedKrellDigitaldealerforassistance.
INSTALLATIONGUIDE
FoldouttheComponentRecognitiondrawingslocatedonthelast pageofthis
bookletfora visualreferenceduringinstallation.
UNPACKING
Saveall packingmaterials.WhileunpackingyourSBP-64X,takenoteof the
following items: ~:
A.1 - SBP-64XSoftwareBasedProcessor
B.1 - PowerSupplycompletewith2 bluespanningcables
C.1 - ACpowercord
D.1 - Packetwithownersmanualandwarrantymaterials.
Note:If anyof theseitemsarenotincluded,contactyourauthorizeddealer
immediatelyforassistance.
PRECAUTIONS
Disconnectyouramplifier’sACcordfromthewallreceptacle.Turnoffall other
components.
SHIPPING
If youmustshipyourSBP-64X,repackthe unitin its originalpackagingto
preventtransit damage.
P PARATIONOF INSTALLATIONSITES
2
Beforeyouphysicallyinstall yourSBP-64Xwerecommendthat youfollowthese
guidelinesin choosingthe locationsfor the processorandpowersupply.Thiswill
facilitateacleantroublefr¢6".installation.
PowerSupply
1. Chooseasuitablelocationforthepowersupplyfollowingthreeguidelines.
A.Althoughwellshielded,the powersupplyshouldnot beplacedin close
proximityto humsensitive components(i.e. PREAMPS,TURNTABLES...).
B.Youare providedtwo6 foot powersupplycables to spanthe distance
betweenthe powersupplyandtheprocessor.Youmusttherefore,plantheir
respectivepositioningwithina6 footradius.
C.Allowampleair spacefor heatdissipationonthetopandsidesofthepower
supply.FiveinchesontopandtwoinchesoneithersidewillbesufficienI:*

Caution:Theblue SpanningCablesare proprietaryin boththeir
materialdesign, andtheir "pinout"connections.Donot modify,
substitute,or extendthemin anyway!Thiswouldincura highrisk of
damageto boththe powersupplyandprocessorwhichwill voidall
warrantycoverage.
2. Runthe, maleendofthe suppliedACcordfromthe powersupplylocationto a
nearby~vallsocket.Thiswillbeeasierto accomplishnow,asthecomponentitself
is not in the way. DONOTPLUGTHEACCORDINTOTHEWALLSOCKETAT
THISTIME!
Caution:Whilethe SBP-64X’ssuperbregulation will not require a dedi-
catedACcircuit, westrongly adviseagainst anyconnectionsthrough
extensioncords or multipleACadaptors.
Caution:Donot remove,or bypassthe groundinglug (with an adaptor)
of the providedACcordas it mayinducesevereRFIinto yourplayback
system.
Note:Aswithanycomputerproduct,youmaywishto providesurgeandspike
protectionfor yourSBP-64X.
TheProcessor
1.Theprocessoritself is notparticularlysensitiveto placement.It maybepositioned
anywherein yourcomponentstackso longas it is withinreachofthepowersupply
spanningcables.
PLACEMENT
1.Placethepowersupplyin its selectedlocation,insertingthefemaleendoftheAC
cordintothesocketontherearofits chassis.THEMALEENDISSTILLNOTPLUGGED
INTOTHEWALL!
2.ATTHISTIME,VERIFYTHATTHE"ON/OFF"SWITCHONTHEPOWERSUPPLYIS
INTHE"OFF"(DOWN)POSITION.
3. Runthebluespanningcablesto the selectedprocessorlocation.
4. Positiontheprocessorin its appointedlocationinsuchawaythat theunitwillnot
fall if notheld,yetleavingaccesstoall rearpanelconnections.
CONNECTIONS
Power
1.Insert the twopowersupplySpanningCableconnectorsinto their appropriate
AnalogandDigitalsocketsandfirmlytightenthe thumbscrews.
Caution:Donotuse anytool otherthanyourfingersfor tightening the
connectors.It is unnecessary,andmayphysicallydamageyourcomponent.
Note:Thespanningcablesare terminatedin computerindustrystandard,gold
plated"D’~connectors.Theirdifferentsizesandkeyedprofileseliminateanypos-
sibilityofanincorrectconnection.
Digital Inputs
1.ConnecttheDigitalOutputfromthe KrellDigitalMD-1CDTurntableoryourCD/
DATplayerto the DigitalInputontherearof yourprocessor.YourSBP-64Xwill
accommodateinputfromeither the coaxialor opticaloutputsfromanyCD/DAT
orSatellitebroadcastsource.

Note:Careshouldbetakenin selectingthetypeofcableusedto linkthedigital
sourceto yourprocessor.If coaxialcableis to beused,it shouldbenon-capacitive
andhavea bandwidthin excessof 1OMHZto preventdropouterrors.If available,
westronglyrecommendfiber opticsfor their ability to completelyisolate all
groundingbetweencomponents,thereby preventing anyplayer/processor
groundloopinterferences.
AnalogOutputs
1.Usingeither the single endedor balancedoutputon the SBP-64Xmakethe
connectionsbetweentheprocessorandanyhighlevel inputonyourpreamplifier.
Becertainto maintainL/Rconsistencybetweenthecablesor youwillaccidentally
reverseyourstereoimage.
Note:TheSBP-64Xoutputsshouldberundirectlyto a highlevel stageof your
preampwithoutanyinputfiltering.
INITIAL POWERUP
1.Plugthe powersupply ACcord into the wall socket. DONOTPLUGYOUR
AMPLIFIERINYET!
2. Turnyourdigital source(CD/DAT/Satellite)"ON".
3.Turnthe powersupplyswitchto the "ON"(UP)position, andturn "ON"your
digital signalsource.Whetherit is CD/DATor Satellite is notimportant.The
followingresultsshouldoccurin this particularsequence:
A.ThethreeZEO’sdesignatingDigital,Analog,andDACpowerwillilluminate
simultaneously.Thisis yourassurancethat thefiveindividualpowersupplies
areoperatingandstable.
B. Aftera periodof 5 to 20seconds,the DACswill stabilizeandthe LED
correspondingto theSamplingFrequencyofyourdigitalsourcewillilluminate.
Caution:Shouldyouhaveanymajordeviationfromthis sequence,do not
attempt to play the unit. Disconnectit prior to poweringupanyother
componentsattd contactyourKrell Digital dealer immediately.
4. Youmaynowconnectyouramplifierto the ACmainsandpowerupyourcompo-
nents, rememberingthat the last componentto be energizedshouldbe your
amplifier.
5.Withyourvolumeset low,switchthesourceselectorofyourpreampto theposition
correlatingto yourchoseninputconnectionfortheSBP-64X(i.e. AUX,CO,DAT,...)
6. BeginplayingyourCompactDiskor DigitalAudioTape.
Note:WhileyourSBP-64Xwill performbeautifullyfromthe momentyouturn it
on,it requiresa minimumwarmupperiodof 8 hoursbeforeit will reachits full
sonicpotential.
Yourinstallation is nowcomplete.Shouldyouhaveanyfurtherquestionswhich
arenotcoveredin the~emainderof this reference,contactyourauthorizedKDI
dealer.Wewishyouman~hoursof listeningfulfillment!
SBP-64XINSTALLIONQUESTIONSANDANSWERS,,, ,,,,,, ,,,
Q. MyCDplayerhasbothfiber optic andcoax/aloutputs.Whichoneshoul~
I use?
A. Givenachoice,weprefertheopticallinkduetoits abilityto completelyisolate
thegroundsbetweentwocomponents.Thiseliminatesthe possibilityofground
loopsin thedigitalcomponents.

Q. I ownboth a CDandDATplayer.Do I have to change mycables every
timeI listen to a different digital source?
A. No. YourSBP-64Xwill accommodateboth thefiber optic an~l coaxial input.
Simplyconnectboth sourcesusingthe separateinputs.
Note;Whenthe SBP-64Xsensestwolive inputssimultaneously,it will default to
thefi~eroptic link. Therefore,whenyouwishto listen to the sourcelinkedwith
coa£ialcable, youmustturn the other (optically linked)sourceoff.
Q. Will I damagemySBP-64Xif I leave the power"ON"all the time?
A. No.TheseClass"A"analogcircuits are mostaccurateandstable if left to idle
whennot in use, andthe circuitry ages fastest whencycling"ON"and"OFF".
Thefact is, yourKrellDigitalprocessorwill soundbetter andprobablylast longer
if left "ON".
Note:For the protection of your processor, werecommenddisconnectingthe
powersupplyfromthe walloudetbeforeanyelectrical stormsor if youplan on
being awayfromyourhomefor prolongedperiods of time.
Q. DoI have to switch the SamplingFrequencywhenI go betweenmy CD
and DA/?
A. No. YourSBP-64Xautomatically senses the input frequency and does all
necessaryswitching.
Q. Sometimes,while listening to myDAT,the 44.1 k//zLEDis illuminated.
I thought DATused 48 kHz. Is myprocessor malfunctioning?
A. SomeDigital AudioTaperecorders canrecord andplaybackin either 44.1kHz
or 48 kHzdependingon the sourcethe tape wasrecordedfrom.TheSBP-64X’s
LED’sare informingyouof the frequencyit is receiving,andas a consequence,
the samplingfrequencyat whichthe tape wasrecordedin.
Q. I’m not getting any soundthroughthe processor.
A. Mostlikely, there hasbeena simplemistakein installation.
Suggestion:Checkall connectionsINand OUTfromthe processor. Checkall
powerconnections.Makecertain that the powersupplyis switchedinto the ON
or UPposition. Haveyouselected the correct source on yourpreamp?Check
the front panelLED’sfor powersupplystability.
If youstill havenosound,turn off the powerandcontactyourdealer.
Q. I havesomevery fine audiophileinterconnect cable whichhas superior
sonic characteristics. CanI use this for mycoaxial digital input?
A. Youmayexperimentwith any high quality cable. Donote, however,that most
audiointerconnectcableis not designedto carrythe ultra highfrequencyinfor-
mationofa digital bit stream.
Note:For the SBP-64X,werecommendnon-capacitive coaxial cable whichhas
a bandwidthin excessof 10MHZandexcellent shielding properties.
Q. Whilelistening to mySBP-64XI experience occasional periods of silence
through myspeakers. Is myprocessor malfunctioning?
A. Thesedropouts are causedby baddata in the digital streamwhichis sensed
bythe SBP-64X.This corruptionin the data maybe dueto a poorinput con-
nection, damagedor dirty sourcematerial, or interconnectswhichdonot have
a wideenoughbandwidth.
Thisintermittentmutingis causedbythe SBP-64X.It is sensingthe baddata and
mutingthe signal to preventpossible damageto yourassociated components.
Suggestion:Trychangingyoursourcematerial, and checkyourconnections.
If these are notthe causes, speakwith yourdealer aboutobtainingdifferent
cabling.If youare usingfiber optics andsourcematerialandconnectionsare
not the problem,speakwith yourauthorizeddealer
Q. I am getting humin mysystem only whenI have the SBP-64Xturned
"ON". Is there somethingwrongwith myprocessor?
A. Youmusthaveplacedthe powersupplyin close proximityto a humsensitive
component,suchas your preampor phonoturntable.
Suggestion: Relocate the powersupply in accordancewith the installation
guidelines.

KRELLDIGITALSBP-64X DESIGNFEATURES
SoftwareBasedProcessingrequiresa perfectblendof exacting,multifaceted
technologies,fromhightechdigitalinnovationto anultimaterefinementofanalog
circuitdesign.
Onthenexttwopages,wewillbrieflypointoutourmethodsofaddressingthese
requirementsin the KrellDigitalSBP-64X.
INPUT
TheSBP-64Xwill accommodatebothCoaxialandFiberOpticalinputto insure
compatibilitywithanydigitalsourcewithdigitaloutputs.
PROCESSING
The "WaveformReplicator"
TheKDISBP-64Xuses proprietary"WaveformReplicator"softwarewhich
enablesourfourMotorolaprocessorsto performpolynomialcomputationsfor cal-
culatingthe63additionaldatapointsto fill our64timesoversamplingrequirements.
The Motorola DSP-56001
Wehavechosenthe MotorolaDSP-56001for tworeasonswhichmakethis pro-
cessorclearlysuperiorto anyotherfor a similarapplication;DynamicHeadroom,
andPrecision.
Dynamic Headroom
TheDSP-56001usesa 24bit datapathwhichrelates to a 48dBincreasein
dynamicheadroomovercomponentsusingdifferent processors.
Precision
Ofcritical importanceto anyprocessoris the sizeof its accumulator,forthis
limitsthesizeofthecomputationalcoefficientsit canutilize.If thecoefficientis to
9
largeit willoverflowtheprocessor,forcingit to scalethecomputation.In audio
processingthis is especiallydamagingbecausetheprocessorsperformmultiplecom-
putationsbasedononedatasample,so eachrepetitivecomputationis basedona
scaledfigurewhichcompoundsthe erroroneachcomputation.Thus,thesize ofthe
accumulatorlimitsthe potentialprecisionof a processor’scalculations.
TheMotorolaDSP-56001givesyourKDISBP-64Xsubstantiallyhigherprecision
thanothercomponentsbasedondifferentprocessors.
28 MHZclock speed
TheSBP-64Xis runat over28,000,000cyclespersecond.Thishighspeed,
coupledwiththeDSP-56001’sability to performmultipleoperationsduringa single
instructioncyclegivesthe SBP-64Xgreatercomputingpowerthanother, evenhigher
speedprocessors.
DIGITALTOANALOGCONVERSION
THEDACs
TheSBP-64Xutilizes twinBurrBrownPCM-6418bit DACsfor highspeedand
superbaccuracy.
Parallel DataInto TheDACs
Unlikethe majorityof otherprocessorsin the industry,the SBP-64Xruns
paralleldatathroughtheDSP’s,andinto the DACs.Byusingthese18bit DACs,in
parallel,weare ableto maintaintheincrediblespeedrequiredfor64xoversampling
withoutmultiplexing,andtl]~n, summingthe data.
NO"BRICKWALL"FILTERING
Theexactingnatureofourdigital informationandthe extraordinarytechnique
bywhichourDACsperformtheir conversionsenableusto avoidanytypeof steep
slopecutoff (brickwall)filtering in theSBP-64X.Therefore,youexperiencethe
benefitof absolutepurityin thesignalwithoutanyoftheundesirableeffectsofthose
filters.
DISCRETECURRENTTOVOLTAGE
Currentto Voltage(1iV)conversion,is performedin theanalogdomain,directly
after D/A.Inmostprocessorsthis occurseitherin theDACitself orin anexternal
integratedcircuitop-amp.AtKrellDigital,wefeel that thesemethodsareunaccept-
able. Therefore,wehaveengineereda 100%discreteCurrentto Voltagestagefor

ourprocessorsgivinga truerecreationoftheoriginalmusicperformance,without
thecolorationsnormallyassociatedwithintegratedcircuits.
BALANCEDOUTPUT
TheSBP-64Xprovidesbalancedoutputsfor thosewiththe complimentary
componentswhichallowthemto obtainstill lowernoiseanddistortion,whilepro-
viding~orespecific imaging.
CLASSiX" ANALOGDESIGN
TheanalogsectionoftheSBP-64Xis basedonclassicKrellHighbias, Pure
Class"A"designwhichhasalreadyset newstandardsforexcellenceinmusicalintegrity.
POWERSUPPLY
Thepowersupplyfor the SBP-64X,housedin a separateoutboardenclosure,
providesthefiveseparatevoltagesrequiredbytheDigitalcircuitry,DACs,andAnalog
outputstages.Inactualitytherearethreecompletelyindependentpowersuppliesand
tencascadeddiscreteregulatorsto supplythefivevoltages,
NOOPTO-COUPLING
Thesophisticationof ourdesignsprovidesa degreeof stabilityandisolation
that surpassesanyneedforopto-coupling,andtheirinherentbandwidthandlinearity
limitations.
KRELLDIGITALTECHNICALASSISTANCEGLOSSARY
Thefollowingglossaryrepresentssimplifiedexplanationsfor keywordsor
phrasesencounteredin the courseof this manual.
32kHz
Thesamplingfrequencyof Satellitebroadcast.
44.1kHz
Thesamplingfrequencyof CompactDiscs.
48kHz
Thesamplingfl’equencyofDigitalAudioTape.
ACCUMULATOR
Aworkandstorageareawheredatais heldandcomputedin a DigitalSignal
Processor.
Theaccumulatormustbelargeenoughnotonlyfor thetargetdata,butalsofor
theendproductofthe computation.Asthe precisionofcomputationsincreases,the
largertheresultingenddatawillbe.Therefore,thesizeoftheaccumulatorplacesa
limitonthe potentialprecisionof aprocessor.
BALANCEDOUTPUT
Amethodofisolatingthe outputsfromgroundwhichoffersincreasedgain,
superiorimaging,andisolation fromexternalinterference. Balancedoutput
operationonthe SBP-64Xrequiresa preampwithcorrespondingbalancedinputs.
BIAS
Acurrentor voltageappliedto a transistor to controlthelinearity of its
operation.Generallyspeaking,solongasthetransistoris keptwithinits tolerance
range,higherbiaswillimprovetransistoroperation.
BITThefundamentalbuildingblockofdigital information.Theterm,expressing
thesmallestpartofa digitalwordis derivedfromthewordsBinaryDigiT.
BOOT
Bootingis a termlooselyreferringto initializing thestartupsequencein a
computer.
BYTE
Agroupof 8bits. Theprimarycomponentin a digital word.

CLASS"A"
In audiocomponents,Class"A"representsan operatingstate for power
suppliesandcircuitry whichis widelyacknowledgedas havingsuperiorsonic
characteristicsto otherformsof operation.
CLOCKSPEED
Thespeedat whicha processoroperates,usuallyexpressedin MttZ.
COAXIAL
Atypeof cabledesignwherea centerconductoris surroundedbyaninsulator
whichis thenwrappedwithametallicshield.
COEFFICIENTS
Numbersusedin highordermathematicalcomputations.In generalterms,the
lengthofa coefficientis directlyrelatedtothe accuracyofthecomputation.
D/A Digitalto Analogconversion.
DACDigitalto AnalogConverter.Thecircuitwhichconvertsthedigitalinformation
(in this case,fromthe DSP-56000)intoananalogsignalfor playbackin youraudio
system.
DATDigitalAudioTape.
DDDThesymbol(SPARScode), whichappearsonmostCD’s,representingPure
DigitalRecording.DigitalRecording,DigitalMixing,andDigitalMastering.
DISCRETE
Inthistext, Discretecircuitdesignutilizesindividualcomponents(i.e. FETs,
Transistors...)notIntegratedCircuits.It is generallyacceptedthatcorrectlyexecuted
discretecircuitsare superiorin performancethantheless expensiveIC’s.
DITHERING
Ditheringis a processbywhichrandomnoiseis mixedin withlowamplitude
signalscreatedas a byproductofquantizationerrors.Thisdithermasksthe unwanted
signalspartiallythroughrandomcancellationandpartiallybyraisingthenoisefloor
to envelopthesesignals.Ditheringis commonlyperformedin digital recordingto
counterthe quantizationerrors whichcommonlyoccurduringAnalogto Digital
processing.
DROPOUT
Inthisusage,dropoutis atermreferringto periodsofsilenceduringdigital
audioplayback.
DYNAMICHEADROOM
Theability of a componentto correctlyduplicatehighspeed,highlevel
transientsignalsin excessof thosenormallyencounteredin audioplayback.If a
componentdoesnot havesufficient DynamicHeadroom,it will either fall short
oftheactualintensityandaccuracyofthetransient,orit maydistortit.
FIBEROPTICS
Aninterconnectingli~ throughwhichdigital datais transmittedvia a beam
of light .........
HIGHLEVELINPUT
Aninputwhichdoesnotrequireextraordinaryamplificationin thepreampas
dothePhonoMC/MMinputs.Highlevel inputsincludeTape,Tuner,Auxiliary,CD,
DAT...
INPUTFILTERING
Afilter usedin theinputto correctanunwantedsignalcharacteristicfroman
anticipatedsource.
INSTRUCTIONCYCLE
Aperiodoftimeinwhichaprocessorcompletesa singleorseriesofoperati6rls.

SBP-64X SOFTWAREBASED PROCESSORDATA
HARDWAREDIGITAL
DESIGN: KrellDigital- Proprietary.
INPUTS: Digitalinputsfor bothcoaxialandoptical.
DIGITALSIGNALPROCESSORS:FourMotorola DSP-5600124 bit processors with
¯i~.,
,56 bit accumulator,operating twoper channel
in parallel.
DACs: TwoBurr Brown18 bit PCM-64’srunning one
perchannelwithparallel input.
HARDWAREANALOG
DESIGN:
CURRENTTOVOLTAGE:
OUTPUTS:
POWERSUPPLY:
Proprietary 100%discrete, Highbias Class"A"
Krelldesign.
Proprietary, 100%discrete.
Proprietary, 100%discrete, BalancedandSingle
Ended.
Proprietary, Highbias, Class"A"Krell design.
Completely independent powersupplies for
Analog, Digital, and DACpower, in separate
housing.Ten, 100%discrete, cascadedstages of
regulationto providethe five necessaryvoltages.
SOF’INVAREDATA
Krell Digital Inc. proprietary "WaveformReplicator"softwarewhichincludehigh
order algorithms.
PROCESSINGDATA
OVERSAMPLING:
SAMPLINGRATE:
CompactDisc
64times.
SBP-64X vs.
2.8224 MHZ-2,822,400/sec.
INDUSTRYSTANDARD
44.1kHz- 44,100/sec.
DAT 3.072 MHZ-3,072,000/sec. 48kHz- 48,000/sec.
Satellite 2.048 MHZ-2,048,000/sec. 32kHz- 32,000/sec.

kHz Theletters usedto representKiloHertz,a measureof frequencyreferencedin
thousandsper second.(ex. lldtz = 1000times/sec.)
~zLightEmittingDiodes.
Theletters usedto representMegaHertz,a measureof frequencyreferenced
in millionsper second.(ex. 1MHz=1,000,000times/sec.)
MULTIPLEX
Indigital audioprocessors,multiplexingdividessourcesignalsbetweenmul-
tiple processingcircuits(i.e. DACs,Processors...).It allowsprocessingat higher
speedthantheindividualcircuitscandoalone.Thetradeoff to multiplexingin the
analogdomainis the requirementto reconstructthe completesignal through
summing.
OP-AMP
Integratedcircuitsusedas OPerationalAMPlifiers.Despitetheir significant
sonic colorations, OP-AMPsare often usedin audiocomponentsdueto their
costeffectiveness.
OPTO-COUPLING
Opticallytransferringinformationfromonecircuitto anotherin CD’s,DAT’s,
andDigitalto Analogprocessors.Opto-couplingdoesaddcolorationsto music,but
it is muchless expensivethandesigningmoreadvanced,quietcircuits. Opto-coupling
is oftenusedtoisolatedigitalnoisefromanalogcircuits.
OVERSAMPLING
Amethodbywhichadditionalsamplesare plottedin betweenthe original
recordedsamplesin orderto increasethe timedomainresolutionof the playback
waveform.
POLYNOMIAL
Polynomials,simplystated, are long,highorderequationswhichcanbeused
to specifyexactingoversampledpointswhichaccuratelyfollowthenaturalprofileof
a musicalwaveform.
QUANTIZATION
Theprocessbywhichanalogmusicis convertedintodigitaldata.
SAMPLES
Adigitalsampleis a quantizedcoordinaterepresentinga specificamplitudeat
a specifictime.Thousandsofsamplespersecondare quantizedduringrecordingto
digitallyrepresenttheoriginalmusic.
SAMPLINGRATE
Thefrequencyat whichanalogdatais sampledin the recordingprocess(ex.
SamplingRateof 44.lkHzwhichis usedin recordingCD’srepresents44,100quan-
tizedsamplespersecond).
SCALING
Inthis applicationscalingis a termreferringto theroundingoff ofcomputed
numbersdueto theoverfiowingofa processor’saccumulator.Thisresults in a loss
of accuracyin oversampleddatapoints.
SUMMING
Summing,in the analogdomain,is a processbywhichsectionsof information
arereconstructed(summed)after multiplexingandprocessing.
TIMEDOMAIN
Inthisapplication,anotherwayofstatingthe DigitalDomain.
TRANSIENT
Asignalwhichtravelsfroma lowamplitudeto highamplitudein anextremely
shorttime.
WORD
Usedin thedigitalcontext,awordis agroupofbitsandor byteswhichcombine
to determinethe sizeof adatapath.

KRELL DIGITAL SBP-64X COMPONENTDESCRIPTION
PROCESSINGUNIT
OA. B.o
FIGURE1.1 PROCESSINGUNIT(FRONT)
A. SAMPLINGFREQUENCYINDICATORS
TheSBP-64Xwillprocessdigitalinformationin threefrequenciesin orderto decode
Satellite Transmission(32kHz),CompactDisc(44. lkHz),andDigitalAudioTape
(48kHz).Theprocessorwill switchto thecorrectfrequencyaccordingto the
inputsignal.
B.,POWERREADINESSINDICATORS
Thefive double-regulatedpowersuppliesin theSBP-64Xareisolatedintothree
groups; DIGITALPOWER,ANALOGPOWER,DACPOWER.The indicators
representstablepowerconditionsin their respectivegroups.
.OOoo0. oCZ3oE, oCZ)OF. F--IH.
FIGURE1.2 PROCESSORUNIT(REAR)
C. BalancedOutputsL/R
D.SingleEndedOutputsL/R
E. Analog/DACPowerInput
F. DigitalPowerInput
G.DigitalSignalInput- Coaxial
H.DigitalSignalIt.put- FiberOptic
POWERSUPPLY
oA.
FIGURE2.1 POWERSUPPLY(FRONT)
A.Power"ON/OFF’Indicator
FIGURE2.2 POWERSUPPLY(REAR)
B. AnalogPowerSpanningCable
C.DigitalPowerSpanningCable
D.ACinput
E. FuseHolder(6 AMP)
F. Power"ON/OFF"switch
DE. OF.

~j D,G,TAL,NC.
Krell Digital Inc. ¯ 20 No.Plains Industrial Rd.¯ Suite 12 ¯ Wallingford,CT06492