KROHNE ALTOSONIC V12 Specification sheet

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ALTOSONIC V12 / OPTISONIC V6
Operation and Installation Manual

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Disclaimer (liability)
KROHNE is not liable for any damage of any kind by use of the product described in this
manual, including, but not limited to direct, indirect, incidental, punitive and consequential
damages.
This disclaimer does not apply in case KROHNE has acted on purpose or with gross
negligence. In the event any applicable law does not allow such limitations on implied
warranties or the exclusion of limitation of certain damages, you may, if such law applies to
you, not be subject to some or the entire disclaimer, exclusions or limitations.
This document contains important information about the product. KROHNE attempts to be as
accurate and up-to-date as possible but accepts no responsibility for errors or omissions.
Although KROHNE does not make any commitment to update the information in this
document, KROHNE reserves the right to alter the content of its documents, including this
disclaimer in any way, at any time, for any reason, without prior notification, and will not be
liable in any way for possible consequences of such changes.
This is not a controlled document: owners of this document can not claim that KROHNE is
responsible for replacing this document in case an updated version becomes available.
Limited Warranty
Any product purchased from KROHNE is warranted in accordance with the relevant product
documentation and our Terms and Conditions of Sale.
Improper installation and operation of the product, repairs by persons not adequately trained
and not authorized by KROHNE or repairs using parts not approved or not provided by
KROHNE, may cause loss of warranty.
Deterioration of the product due to normal usage (“wear and tear”) will not entitle to claim
repair work and/or replacement of parts under conditions of warranty.
All rights reserved. It is prohibited to reproduce this documentation or any part thereof,
without the prior written authorisation of KROHNE Messtechnik GmbH & Co. KG.
Subject to change without notice.
Copyright 2008 by KROHNE Messtechnik GmbH & Co. KG . Ludwig-Krohne-Straße 5 .
47058 Duisburg

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Table of Content:
Disclaimer (liability) ............................................................................................................... 2
Limited Warranty................................................................................................................... 2
Table of Content:................................................................................................................... 3
1General instructions....................................................................................................... 5
1.1 Intended use.......................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Certification and applicable standards.................................................................... 5
1.3 Information concerning the documentation............................................................. 6
1.3.1. Important information regarding safety........................................................... 6
1.4 Display conventions............................................................................................... 6
1.5 Safety instructions.................................................................................................. 7
1.1.1. Transportation and handling........................................................................... 7
1.5.1. Explosion safety instructions.......................................................................... 7
2Instrument description ................................................................................................... 8
2.1 Measuring principle................................................................................................ 8
2.1.1. Transit time measuring principle..................................................................... 8
2.1.2. Swirl compensation........................................................................................ 9
2.1.3. Multipath ultrasonic flow meters ....................................................................10
2.2 General description...............................................................................................11
2.3 Detailed description ..............................................................................................12
2.3.1. Ultrasonic transducer ....................................................................................12
2.3.2. ALTOSONIC V12 Meter body .......................................................................13
2.3.3. ALTOSONIC V12 signal converter................................................................14
2.3.4. Signal converter enclosure............................................................................14
2.3.5. Main Board Assembly ...................................................................................16
2.4 Software................................................................................................................16
2.4.1. Configuration file. ..........................................................................................16
2.4.2. Start up .........................................................................................................17
2.4.3. The basic transit time measuring process. ....................................................17
2.4.4. The flow calculation module..........................................................................18
2.4.5. The signal output module..............................................................................19
2.4.6. Path substitution............................................................................................21
2.4.7. Write protect lock...........................................................................................21
2.4.8. Sealing requirements for fiscal Use...............................................................21
3Before installation.........................................................................................................22
3.1 Inspection received products.................................................................................22
3.1.1. Packing and transportation............................................................................22
3.1.2. Scope of delivery...........................................................................................22
3.1.3. Name plate....................................................................................................22
3.1.4. Visual check..................................................................................................22
3.2 Storage.................................................................................................................22
3.3 Environmental Requirements................................................................................23
3.4 Installation requirements.......................................................................................24
3.4.1. Pipe diameters and lengths...........................................................................24
3.4.2. Flow conditioners. .........................................................................................24
3.4.3. Control valves ...............................................................................................24
4Installation of the ultrasonic gas flow meter ..................................................................25
5Electrical Installation.....................................................................................................26
5.1 Safety instructions.................................................................................................26
5.2 Electronics enclosure and cable entries................................................................26
5.3 Electrical connections ...........................................................................................26
5.3.1. Power connection..........................................................................................26
5.3.2. Digital I/O connections. .................................................................................27

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5.3.2.1. Pulse/Frequency output,........................................................................28
5.3.2.2. Status outputs........................................................................................28
5.3.3. Serial data communication (RS485)..............................................................29
5.3.4. Serial communication (USB) .........................................................................30
5.3.5. TCP/IP communication..................................................................................30
5.4 Cabling .................................................................................................................30
5.5 Ground connection................................................................................................31
6Operation of the ultrasonic gas flow meter....................................................................32
6.1 Start up.................................................................................................................32
6.2 Display and Operating Elements...........................................................................32
6.3 Available display information.................................................................................33
6.4 Operating the display............................................................................................33
7Software Service Tool...................................................................................................35
7.1 Introduction...........................................................................................................35
7.2 Starting a session .................................................................................................35
7.2.1. Connecting....................................................................................................35
7.2.2. User views.....................................................................................................37
7.2.3. loading monitoring configuration....................................................................38
7.2.4. start up user views automatically...................................................................39
7.2.5. Viewing Data Unformatted.............................................................................40
7.2.6. Creating Reports...........................................................................................41
7.2.6.1. Reporting related to calibration parameter settings................................42
7.2.6.2. Create a file listing the parameters in CSV format: ................................44
7.2.6.3. Saving a parameter file in .XML format..................................................44
7.2.6.4. Reporting related to process values.......................................................45
7.3 Logging data from a flow meter.............................................................................45
7.4 Adjusting Meter factor (For Authorised personnel only).........................................46
8Maintenance.................................................................................................................49
8.1 Periodic maintenance............................................................................................49
8.2 Cleaning................................................................................................................49
8.3 Exchange of transducers ......................................................................................49
8.3.1. Exchange of Transducers - Depressurised Condition....................................49
8.3.2. Exchange of Transducers - Pressurised Condition........................................50
8.4 Exchange of Electronics Unit ................................................................................51
8.5 Battery maintenance.............................................................................................53
8.6 Spare Parts Availability.........................................................................................54
8.7 Service Availability................................................................................................54
8.8 Returning a Device to the Manufacturer................................................................54
8.8.1. General Information.......................................................................................54
8.9 Disposal................................................................................................................54
8.10 KROHNE Care...................................................................................................55
9Technical specifications................................................................................................56
10 Marks and Seals.......................................................................................................57

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1 General instructions.
1.1 Intended use.
The ALTOSONIC V12 is a gas flow meter designed for custody transfer applications.
Generally speaking, the meter operates within the relevant accuracy limits for all kinds of
gases, although there may be some exceptions.
A major field of application is measuring natural gas, the meter is suitable to operate at least
under the following conditions:
* relative density from 0.55 and upwards
* methane concentrations 75…100%
* presence of higher hydrocarbons, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, noble gases
* small amounts of other components, e.g. sulphur components, condensates, traces of oil
mixed with mill-scale, dirt or sand
NOTE!:
The presence of some components in the gas can influence the performance of the meter. In
particular, due to its acoustic absorption properties, high levels of CO2 may influence and
even inhibit the operation of an UFM. It is recommended to submit a specification of the
medium to be measured at the manufacturer for advice.
NOTE!
If possible, avoid the installation of an ultrasonic gas flow meter in close vicinity to a pressure
regulating valve. Especially when operating at a high pressure differential, a pressure
regulator may produce a high level of ultrasonic noise. In extreme cases this can be a
problem for the operation of the ultrasonic gas flow meter. In case of doubt consult the
manufacturer.
1.2 Certification and applicable standards.
INFORMATION!
The ALTOSONIC V12 custody transfer gas flow meter meets the technical requirements and
standards applicable to equipment designed for use in different countries world wide.
EU (European Union):
•Pressure Equipment Directive 97/23/EC
•EMC Directive 2004/108/EC (former 89/336/EC and 93/68/EC), according to:
EN 50081-2
EN 61000-6 (part 1, 2 and 3)
EN 61326-1 (1997) and A1 (1998), A2 (2001)
•Low-Voltage Directives 2006/95/EC (former 73/23/EEC and 93/68/EEC) according to:
EN 61010-1:2001
•The ALTOSONIC V12 is certified for use in potentially explosive atmospheres
according to the ATEX directive 94/9/EC following standards as:
EN 60079-1 (Ex ‘d’)
EN 60079/ -7 (Ex ‘e’)
EN 60079-18 (Ex ‘ma’)

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America:
•The ALTOSONIC V12 is certified for use in potentially explosive atmospheres
according to FM with following standards as:
FM3600
FM3615
Canada:
•CRN
•The ALTOSONIC V12 is certified for use in potentially explosive atmospheres
according to CSA with following standards as:
C22.2 No. 30
C22.2 No. 0.4
Other Standards/Countries:
•Australia IECEx PTB 10.0013X
•Algeria: No005/DIR/ONML/10DU 07/02/2010
•China: PAC 2009-F265
•Malaysia Sirim
•Singapore Spring
1.3 Information concerning the documentation.
1.3.1. Important information regarding safety.
To prevent any risk regarding the safety of operators and in order avoid damage to the flow
meter or other equipment, it is essential that you read the information in this document
carefully. Also observe applicable national standards, safety requirements and accident
prevention regulations.
If this document is not in your native language or if you have any problems understanding the
text, we advise you to contact your local KROHNE office for assistance. KROHNE cannot
accept responsibility for any damage or injury caused by misunderstanding of the information
in this document.
This document is provided to help you establish operating conditions, which will permit safe
and efficient use of this flow meter. Special considerations and precautions are also
described in the document, pictograms as shown below are used to focus attention to these
sections.
1.4 Display conventions
The following symbols are used to help you navigate this documentation more easily:
These warning signs must be observed without fail. Even only partial disregarding
such warnings can result in serious health damage, damage to the flow meter itself
or to parts of the operator’s plant.
This symbol designates safety advice on handling electricity.

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This symbol designates important information for the handling of the device.
This symbol designates information on statutory directives and standards.
This symbol designates all instructions for actions to be carried out by the operator
in the specified sequence.
1.5 Safety instructions
CAUTION!
In general, devices from KROHNE should only be installed, commissioned, operated and
maintained by properly trained and authorized personnel.
This document is provided to help you establish operating conditions, which will permit safe
and efficient use of this device.
It is recommended to read this manual carefully before installing and operating the
instrument. Especially the sections regarding safety, marked with icons as WARNING,
DANGER or CAUTION should be regarded.
1.1.1. Transportation and handling
CAUTION!
•Even smaller size flow meters have a considerable weight. Check the weight of your flow
meter in order to select suitable means for transportation and lifting.
•Use appropriate materials such as chains or hoisting straps that are in good condition.
•Use the eye bolts on the meter body to attach chains or straps for lifting the meter (if not
present: Check condition of the threaded holes on the flanges and if okay screw eye bolts
in the threaded holes).
•Never lift the meter using the electronic enclosure to attach straps.
•Never allow the weight of the meter to rest on the metal sheet enclosure of the measuring
section (the section in the middle) of the meter.
•In case a fork lift will be used make sure the flow meter is secured against rolling off the
forks, or against straps sliding off the forks.
•Verify local safety regulations, directives and company procedures with respect to
hoisting, rigging and transportation of (heavy) equipment.
1.5.1. Explosion safety instructions.
WARNING!
When the meter is operated or being installed in a potentially explosive atmosphere, consult
the manual with instructions regarding explosion safety that is distributed separately.
In case you have not received this document, please contact your local KROHNE office in
order to get a copy of this document.

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2 Instrument description
2.1 Measuring principle
The ALTOSONIC V12 ultrasonic gas flow meter operates according to the principle of
measuring the transit time of an ultrasonic sound wave. A gas velocity is derived from the
difference in transit time of a sound wave travelling in a direction with the flow direction and
the sound wave travelling in the opposite direction.
The trajectory of the sound wave is called the acoustic path. A chord is the direct path
crossing the pipe from one side to the opposite side. Using reflection, an acoustic path can
consist of two or more chords. The name ALTOSONIC V12 is related to its design where 12
chords build 6 acoustic paths.
2.1.1. Transit time measuring principle
Figure 2-1: Transit Time Measuring Principle
For explanation of the principle:
In a pipe section two transducers Trd 1A and Trd 1B create an acoustic path, which in the
above figure, is a single chord.
This chord connects the active front sides of transducer A and transducer B; L is its length.
The cord intersects with the centre line of the pipe at an angle φ.
Both transducers are capable to transmit and receive an ultrasonic signal. In turn one
transducer acts as a transmitter, the other as receiver and the other way around.
The transit time of an ultrasonic signal along a measuring chord is influenced by the velocity
of the gas flow (v). If the gas flow is zero the transit time from Trd A to Trd B is exactly the
same as the transit time from Trd B to Trd A.
When the gas is flowing with a velocity v and with c being the speed of sound in the gas:
v • cos(φ) is the component of v in the direction of measurement chord.

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This component increases or decreases the speed of the sound wave as it moves from one
transducer to the other transducer.
The transit time from Trd A to Trd B (tAB) is:
(1)
In opposite direction (from Trd B to Trd A) the transit time (tBA) becomes:
(2)
The velocity of gas is derived from formula (1) and (2) as :
(3)
An important feature of this method is that the calculated gas velocity does not depend on
the speed of sound in the gas or gas properties in general. The gas velocity as calculated is
only a function of the measured transit times tAB and tBA; the length of the chord and the
angle of intersection of the measuring chord are supposed to be known from the design of
the flow meter.
As a “bonus” the speed of sound in the gas can also be derived from formula (1) and (2) as :
(4)
This gives a measured speed of sound value, a valuable tool for diagnostic purposes, as it
can be compared with data from other sources.
2.1.2. Swirl compensation.
Symmetrical swirl.
Figure 2-2: Symmetrical swirl
ϕ cos⋅+
=vc L t
AB
ϕ cos⋅−
=vc L t
BA







−⋅
⋅
=BAAB tt
L
v11
cos2 ϕ







+⋅= BAAB tt
L
c11
2

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When looking at specific spots in the pipe, the local gas velocity vector may not be exactly
parallel to the pipe axis. This effect can be the result of a flow velocity pattern called swirl.
This is a frequently occurring velocity pattern where the gas mass in the pipe rotates as it
flows. The rotation can be symmetrical with respect to the pipe axis as shown in the picture
above.
Asymmetrical swirl.
Figure 2-3: Asymmetrical swirl.
Another velocity pattern that frequently occurs, especially downstream of an elbows or bend
in the pipeline, is asymmetrical swirl as shown in the picture above. The gas mass splits in
two contra rotating volumes.
Swirl can disturb the gas velocity measurement as the tangential velocity component adds up
with the gas velocity measured along one chord. However chords can be arranged in a way
to compensate for swirl effects. Two chords arranged in the same plane intersect the flow at
opposite angles (cross configuration). These chords respond to the tangential velocity
component with the same magnitude but with the opposite sign.
Figure 2-4: Swirl Compensation
This allows cancellation of the swirl effect by adding or averaging the measured velocity
value of both chords. Using an acoustic path with two chords in a V-shape, with a reflecting
signal, has the same effect. The measured flow velocity is increased by the tangential
component on one leg and decreased by the same value on the other leg.
2.1.3. Multipath ultrasonic flow meters
With an ultrasonic measuring system the measured gas velocity value is the average
velocity sampled across the length of the acoustic path. Due to distortion of the gas velocity
profile in the pipe this value may not be representative for the average gas velocity across
the whole of the pipe cross section. In order to obtain a high accuracy the flow is sampled

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using a number of measuring chords intersecting the flow in different planes, as shown in
Figure 2-5.
Figure 2-5: Path configuration and pipe cross section with multiple acoustic paths.
The total volume flow is calculated by means of an integration algorithm using the results
from the individual paths.
As swirl components are already compensated for in each individual measuring plane, the
integration method using data from multiple paths makes the ALTOSONIC V12 highly
insensitive for any kind of distortion of the flow profile.
The average speed of sound is calculated as the average of the speed of sound values
measured on each of the chords. Normally these values are very close to each other.
2.2 General description.
The ALTOSONIC V12 meters consist of a meter body with an electronic unit installed on top
of it (Figure 2-6). A number of ultrasonic transducers is installed inside the meter body. For
an ALTOSONIC V12 six transducers are installed on one side of the meter body, four
transducers are located on the other side of the meter body and two transducers are installed
on the upper side of the meter.
Each pair of ultrasonic transducers constitute an acoustic path (measuring path) with 2
chords arranged in a V-shape. Five transducer pairs and the corresponding acoustic paths
are located in horizontal planes perpendicular to the pipe axis.
The measured gas velocity is calculated from the data of these five horizontal planes.
Two chords are located in a vertical plane perpendicular to the axis. These are mainly used
for diagnostic purposes.
The signals sent by transducers in planes that are offset from the meter centre line are
reflected via acoustic mirrors to the receiving transducers. These acoustic mirrors are not
required for the two paths going through centre of the meter.

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Figure 2-6: Location of sensors and electronics of an ALTOSONIC V12
The transducers are electrically connected to the electronic unit on top of the meter by
means of coaxial cables. The cabling is protected against mechanical damage and moisture
by means of covers or a case that is welded around part of the meter body.
The coaxial cables enter the electronics enclosure through its “foot” (or support). In this foot
an Ex d approved cable feed through is installed that closes this entry to the electronics
enclosure Figure 2-11.
2.3 Detailed description
2.3.1. Ultrasonic transducer
Acoustic signals are transmitted and acoustic signals are received by means of ultrasonic
transducers. The active part of an ultrasonic transducer is a small disk of piëzo electric
ceramic in the front of the transducer. It is packaged (sealed) in a construction of metal parts
and high grade epoxy. The front side of the transducer is exposed to the fluid to be
measured, this results in the best efficiency for transmitting and receiving ultrasound.
The electrical signals are connected to the piëzo electric disk by means of a glass sealed
feed through. This provides for an effective sealing of gas at high pressure.
The transducers have an Ex-d connector (socket, ref 1. Figure 2-7) that connects to a to an
Ex d connector (plug, ref 2.) which terminates a coaxial wire (ref 3.)
A pin (ref 4.) on the connector engages with a slot in the socket (ref 5.), this makes sure the
transducer is connected with the correct polarity.
The cap (ref 6.), screwed onto the socket, fastens the connector, a small screw (M2) (ref 7.)
secures this cap. The transducers are fastened in the meter body using a nut with a hole in
the centre (ref 8.)
A double O-ring (ref. 9) seals the pressure inside the piping effectively from the outside
world.

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Figure 2-7: sensor & connector assembly
The transducers are designed to meet the requirements for explosion safety according the
European standards
EN 60079-18 Encapsulated “ma”
EN 60079-1 Flameproof “d”
and are marked accordingly as
Ex II 2 G Ex d ma IIC T5
The transducers are approved by KEMA with certificate number
KEMA 07ATEX0181 X
Regarding temperature, the transducers are predominantly exposed to the temperature of
the flowing medium (gas). The transducers are designed and approved for a temperature
range of -40 C up to +50 C (+70 C pending, type G5) and -40 C up to +100 C (type G6)
2.3.2. ALTOSONIC V12 Meter body
The meter body of the ALTOSONIC V12 can be designed and manufactured according to
either one of two different concepts, depending of the nominal diameter.
For smaller meters (typically smaller than 12 inch diameter – but not limiting) the meter body
is manufactured from a single piece of metal. This piece of metal is machined to a conduit for
the gas flow. Holes are machined to accommodate the transducers. Covers are bolted on
top and on both sides of the meter body to protect the transducers and the wiring of the
transducers. The covers can be disassembled to give access to the transducers for
inspection, service or repair work.
Figure 2-8 show a meter body according to this first concept (covers and electronics
enclosure partly “cut away”, cabling not shown).
Larger meters (typically larger than 12 inch – but not limiting) are manufactured using a piece
of pipe and flanges that are welded together. “Nozzles” are welded onto the pipe to
accommodate the transducers. To protect the transducers and wiring, a case is welded
around the area where the nozzles are located. This case may have bolted covers that can
be disassembled to give access to the transducers for inspection, service or repair work.
5
2
34
1 6 7 89
5
2
34
1 6 7 8
5
2
34
1 6 7 89

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Figure 2-6 show a meter body according to this second concept (without side covers and
covers on top).
Figure 2-8: Small meter body
2.3.3. ALTOSONIC V12 signal converter
The ALTOSONIC V12 ultrasonic gas flow meter has a microprocessor based signal
converter. This processor controls the basic flow metering process, performs all the
calculations and stores a large amount of data. It offers serial ports (two RS 485 ports) to
communicate with other equipment, and programmable digital outputs (pulse/frequency
output and status outputs). Serial data communication to an RTU or DCS system is
supported by means of various protocols. Data can also be viewed using the display module
that is built in the signal converter enclosure.
2.3.4. Signal converter enclosure
The signal converter enclosure is made of stainless steel, it is explosion safe based on the
Ex d method of protection.
The signal converter housing consists of three separate compartments.
Each compartment is closed with a cover with screw thread that can be removed to give
access to the internals for repair (replacement) of parts. The front compartment cover has a
glass window enabling to see the LCD. Optical sensors behind the glass window allow
manual operation.
Figure 2-9: Converter housing

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The lay out of the signal converter enclosure is as shown in the Figure 2-10 (seen from
above):
Figure 2-10: Electronic compartments and location of electronics
The compartment in the front contains:
Sensor driver board: The transducers are connected to this board. This board
controls the firing and the receiving of the acoustic pulses.
Using A/D converters the signal is digitised and the information
is transferred to the processor board.
Processor board: This board performs all the calculations and data logging and
also generates warnings and alarm signals. The calculated
values and status bits of the flow meter can be transferred to
the frequency & I/O board and/or to the Power module /
RS485. The processor board consist of a base board with an
add on module.
Frequency & I/O board: The board accommodates 4 opto-couplers, each of which
can be used as a status output or as frequency/pulse output.
Backplane: Connections between the other boards are made by means of
this board.
Display: The display supports a number of information pages: 2 pages
measuring data, a page with graphic data, a page with error
data and a page with test data. Using the 4 light sensitive
buttons these pages can be scrolled
The compartment on the right side contains only a block with screw terminals, for connecting
digital output signals.
back panel
screw terminal
block
flat cable interconnection
display module
transducer interface board
processor board freq & I/O board
cable feed
through
optional processor board
power supply module 2 X RS 485 drivers &
FRONT
LEFT SIDE
RIGHT SIDE
back panel
screw terminal
block
flat cable interconnection
display module
transducer interface board
processor board freq & I/O board
cable feed
through
optional processor board
power supply module 2 X RS 485 drivers &
back panelback panel
screw terminal
block
flat cable interconnection
display module
transducer interface board
processor board freq & I/O board
cable feed
through
optional processor board
power supply module 2 X RS 485 drivers &
screw terminal
block
flat cable interconnection
display module
transducer interface board
processor board freq & I/O board
cable feed
through
optional processor board
power supply module 2 X RS 485 drivers &
screw terminal
block
screw terminal
block
flat cable interconnection
display module
flat cable interconnectionflat cable interconnection
display moduledisplay module
transducer interface board
processor board freq & I/O board
cable feed
through
transducer interface boardtransducer interface board
processor boardprocessor board freq & I/O boardfreq & I/O board
cable feed
through
optional processor board
power supply module 2 X RS 485 drivers &
optional processor board optional processor board
power supply module 2 X RS 485 drivers & power supply module 2 X RS 485 drivers &
FRONT
LEFT SIDE
RIGHT SIDE

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The compartment on the left side contains the power supply / RS485 module. Two RS 485
serial communication ports and the power supply are integrated on this circuit board. Space
is available to accommodate an optional printed circuit board for future expansion of
functionality.
External connections are made using edge connectors with screw terminals that connect to
the printed circuit board.
2.3.5. Main Board Assembly
The main part of the signal processing consists of a number of printed circuit boards
packaged in a carrier frame. The boards contained in this frame are:
•an input / output board
•the main processor board
•the sensor driver board
Attached to this frame is also the LCD display module (at the front).
The front compartment contains guides that allow the frame to slide into or out of the
enclosure (when the cover is opened and after releasing the bolts).This unit connects to a
printed circuit board in the back of the compartment. From this back plane the wiring
connects to the other compartment and the main terminal block.
The cabling from the transducers in the meter body enters the front compartment of signal
converter housing through an Ex(d) wire bushing built in the foot (support) of the enclosure
(Figure 2-11).
Figure 2-11: Ex d wire bushing
2.4 Software.
2.4.1. Configuration file.
The ALTOSONIC V12 contains a powerful microprocessor that controls the functions and
calculations it performs. The microprocessor executes program code consisting of several
modules, according to the functions it has to perform. By means of an extensive set of
parameters the software can be configured to various sizes and models of flow meters and
according to specific requirements depending of applications or customers.
The parameters are stored in a configuration file, when this file is prepared a checksum is
appended to it. When the file is loaded in the microprocessor system the checksum can be
inspected to check that the file is not corrupted. Once loaded the checksum allows a
verification that no modifications have been made since it was prepared and loaded.
Configuration parameters are password protected in order to prevent unauthorized
modification. Access in order to read, view and inspect parameter values is unrestricted.

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Individual parameters are classified according to “roles” in order to define differentiated
access rights. Each “role” is associated with a “typical” user or operator having specific
responsibilities or duties. Users have to be registered with a user name and a password,
when registered the role of the user is also defined, and by consequence also the access
rights of that user.
The following roles have been defined, hereunder listed in according to the rank in the
hierarchy.
Developer: restricted to KROHNE R&D employees.
Factory : restricted to KROHNE factory employees, to implement factory settings in the
meter
Service : restricted to authorized service personnel, to the discretion of KROHNE
Calibrator : restricted to personnel acting on behalf of a legal calibration station
Supervisor : restricted to personnel acting on behalf of the owner/operator of
the meter (administrator function), to the discretion of the owner/operator of
the meter
Operator: restricted to personnel acting on behalf of the owner/operator of the meter (for
day to day operation), to the discretion of the owner/operator of the meter
Only a higher rank user is allowed to register a lower rank user. Multiple users having the
same rank or role may be registered.
In addition to restrictions depending of the defined role of a user, a physical “overwrite
disable” contact / jumper protects the configuration parameters. This disables any user from
making modifications to parameters that would influence the measured flow or volume value
(Figure 9-1). This prevents unintentional or unauthorized changes to the parameters and
possibly invalidation of the calibration.
Normally the meter is delivered with a set of parameters suitable for the application.
In case a modification of the configuration file is made, this is stored in its data logging
memory. This information can be retrieved afterwards for auditing and verification purposes.
In case of a modification of the configuration file its “checksum” is also updated.
2.4.2. Start up
As the meter is powered up, the software that is stored in non volatile memory is loaded in
working memory, this initialization process takes approximately 25 seconds.
A “checksum” is appended to the software, each time the software is loaded the checksum is
evaluated to verify the integrity of the software.
Each time the meter is powered up this checksum of the configuration file is also inspected to
verify its integrity.
When the initialization is completed the meter will automatically start its measuring function.
The following list shows the main functions performed by the software and the
microprocessor :
•the basic transit time measuring process
•the flow calculations
•controlling output signals
•controlling a display
•communication with other devices
2.4.3. The basic transit time measuring process.
Measuring a single transit time for the signal to travel from one transducer to the other
basically involves the following actions: Generating an electric signal to fire the transmitting

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transducer (transmit pulse) and digitizing and storing the signal on the receiving transducer
(receiving pulse).
Before starting the digitizing process a “receiving” window must open. The time to open and
to close this window (relative to the firing time of the transmit pulse) are dependant of the
size of the meter and are set as a parameters in the configuration file. This are factory
settings that should not be changed.
An accurate and high resolution timer is used to control the digitizing process.
The digitized and stored signal is evaluated to detect the arrival time of the acoustic signal.
As the signal is evaluated, it is checked for specific criteria to make sure it is the wanted and
genuine signal and that it can be used for a reliable transit time measurement. If the signal
does not meet the criteria it is rejected.
Based on the strength of the received signal, the setting of an variable gain amplifier is
updated in order to match the level of the signal to the operating envelope of the digitizing
circuit. The setting of the variable gain amplifier is available as a diagnostic value to indicate
the strength of the received signal. To capture the level of background noise the received
signal strength is also measured at a time when no signal is expected. The background noise
is used to evaluate the signal to noise ratio and is also available as a diagnostic value.
The repetition rate (called sample rate, expressed as times per second) for performing a
single transit time measurement can be set as a parameter in the configuration file. This is
not a critical value and has no impact regarding the measured flow values.
The sample rate can be set to a value that is too high to be physically achievable, meaning
the transit time does not allow such a repetition rate. In that case the meter will automatically
adjust the sample rate to the highest achievable value. This value is also reported as a
diagnostic value: The actual sample rate.
As a cycle the meter performs transit time measurements for all acoustic paths, each path in
both directions. After completion of a cycle all results are forwarded to the flow calculation
module. This includes the measured transit times, signal strength data and signal to noise
ratio data. In case a measurement had failed this will be indicated: the results are marked as
rejected values.
2.4.4. The flow calculation module.
The flow calculation module processes the data received from the basic transit time
measuring process. After each cycle a number of variables is updated, such as
•Volume flow rate
•Average gas velocity
•Average speed of sound
•Gas velocity for each measuring path
•Speed of sound for each measuring path
•Reynolds number
•Reynolds correction factor
•Reliability
•Total (forward, accountable)
•Total (forward, not accountable)
•Total (reverse, accountable)
•Total (reverse, not accountable)
•Statistics
•Averages
The flow calculation module will also report diagnostic information as:

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•number of rejected measurements,
•signal strength,
•signal to noise ratio.
•error indications (if there is a reason for)
The flow calculation module prepares data to be used by other modules as:
•the signal output module
•the display module
•the communication module
•the data logging module
2.4.5. The signal output module
The settings described in this paragraph are only available for users with Developer, Factory
and Service rights. The settings are factory set based on customer requirements.
The electronic hardware provides 4 digital outputs: open collector circuits that can be
switched on or off. The physical outputs are marked as output A, output B, output C and
output D. The software of the signal output module determines the variable and the “format”
used to control each physical output. This is set by a number of parameters.
Format means here that an output is either switched “on” or “off” to represent a binary
(logical) value (for example flow direction is “forward” or “reverse”) or the output is used to
transmit a frequency or pulse width modulated signal to represent a numerical value.
In order to present a numerical value as a frequency or as a pulse width modulated signal,
this numerical value must be converted first. The software contains the frequency
synthesizer function and the pulse width modulation function, both are capable to convert
one numerical value, this can be two different values or the same values, as both functions
are independent and may be used at the same time.
The following parameters are used to program the frequency conversion:
frequency output value: selects the numerical value (variable) to be converted to
a frequency
frequency output 100 % output : the upper frequency of the normal operating range of
the frequency output (for short: F100%)
frequency output 100 % reference : the numerical value of the variable that will be
converted to a frequency of F100% (for short: Ref100%)
frequency output over range : in case the numerical value exceeds Ref100%, the
frequency will exceed F100%. This parameter sets a
limitation to the maximum frequency equal to F100% +
the over range percentage (related to F100%).
In addition to the primary frequency signal secondary frequency signals are available,
related to the same variable and having the same frequency but with a phase difference of
90 degrees, 180 degrees or 270 degrees.
The parameters used to program the pulse width conversion are:
PWM output value : selects the numerical value (variable) to be converted to a
pulse width modulated signal
PWM output frequency : defines the frequency (and consequently the interval time)
of the pulse width modulated signal

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PWM output 100% reference : defines the upper limit of the normal range of the numerical
value to be converted to a pulse width modulated signal
PWM output over range : defines the maximum value of the numerical value to be
converted to a pulse width modulated signal. This
maximum numerical value of the selected variable will be
converted to a signal having a duty cycle of 100 %
clip negative values to zero: for example in case of reverse flow, the numerical value of
the flow will be negative. This parameter offers the option
(option “off”) to ignore the sign and have the absolute value
of a numerical value transmitted as a frequency or pulse
width modulated signal. The other option (“on”) will disable
the frequency signal and the pulse width signal in case of a
negative numerical value
Each of the digital outputs A, B, C and D are programmed by means of three parameters:
Mode select: this parameter defines the source that controls the status (on/off)
of the physical output. The options are:
No output : output is not used
Binary output : output is directly controlled by a boolean variable (or logical
value: on/off)
Frequency phase 0 : output is controlled by the primary frequency signal (the result
of the conversion)
Frequency phase 90 : output is controlled by the secondary frequency signal with
phase 90degrees
Frequency phase 180 : output is controlled by the secondary frequency signal with
phase 180 degrees
Frequency phase 270 : output is controlled by the secondary frequency signal with
phase 270 degrees
PWM : output is controlled by the result of the conversion to a pulse
width modulated signal
PWM inverted : output is controlled by the result of the conversion to a pulse
width modulated signal, but signal levels (on /off) are
inverted.
In case two outputs are programmed as frequency output, one being the primary frequency
having a phase of 0 degrees and one being a secondary frequency having a phase of 90
degrees the parameter “Flow direction indication” can be used to program the secondary
frequency phase to be direction dependant. This means the phase will be 90 degrees in case
of positive flow direction and 270 degrees in case of negative flow direction (option automatic
flow direction indication). Otherwise the phase of the secondary frequency will always remain
90 degrees, irrespective of flow direction (option no flow direction indication).
The parameter “Status select” is relevant in case the option “Binary output” is selected for
the parameter : “Mode select” . The parameter “Status select” defines the variable that will
control the status of the physical output being programmed.
The parameter “Bit mask” allows to define the bit pattern (mask) of a 32-bit word. This word
can be used to select specific bits from another 32-bit word, representing the variable
selected with the parameter “Status select”. The bits of this variable, corresponding to the
bits in the mask that have the value “1” are selected to control the output. In case multiple
bits are selected the selected bits are combined with a “or” function in order to obtain a
single binary value. As an example: this function can be used to combine different alarms
represented by separate bits in a 32-bit word to output a single external alarm signal.