Lab.gruppen Ncg-plm User manual

PLM™Series

Powered Loudspeaker Management™systems

Rev. 1.0.5

Item no. NCG-PLM

Network Configuration Guide

2 PLM Series Network Conﬁguration Guide

1 CONTENTs

1 CONTENTS .................................................................................................................................................2

2INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................................................3

2.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................................3

2.2 Ethernet Fundamentals........................................................................................................................3

2.2 PC Conﬁguration..................................................................................................................................3

3 PLM SERIES AND DANTE™NETWORKING FEATURES .........................................................................5

3.1 Networking Overview..........................................................................................................................5

3.2 Dante Audio Network .........................................................................................................................5

3.3 Rear Panel Connections.......................................................................................................................5

4 AVOIDING SINGLE POINT OF FAILURE (SPF) ISSUES...........................................................................6

4.1 SPF Overview......................................................................................................................................6

4.2 Automatic Priority Input Switching ......................................................................................................6

4.2.1 Signal type redundancy ............................................................................................................7

4.2.2 Signal redundancy ....................................................................................................................7

4.3 Network Port Redundancy ..................................................................................................................7

5 NETWORK CONNECTIONS AND TOPOLOGIES .....................................................................................8

5.1 PLM Series Network Cabling ..............................................................................................................8

5.2 PLM Series Topology Overview ..........................................................................................................8

5.2.1 Daisy-chained devices ..............................................................................................................8

5.2.2 Star or Hub-and-Spoke networks .............................................................................................9

5.2.3 Daisy-chained switches............................................................................................................9

5.2.4 Daisy-chained switch ring.........................................................................................................9

5.2.5 Dual daisy-chained switches ....................................................................................................9

5.2.6 Other combination networks..................................................................................................10

5.3 Ethernet Cabling Limitations..............................................................................................................10

5.4 PLM / Dante Network Size Limitations..............................................................................................11

5.5 Wireless Network Topologies............................................................................................................12

5.6 Improving Wireless Accessibility .......................................................................................................12

5.7 Using Dante in Conjunction with Wireless Networks and Low Bandwidth Devices.........................12

6 NETWORK HARDWARE RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................................................................13

6.1 General Recommendations ...............................................................................................................13

6.1.1 Network switches / routers: LinkSys®SRW224G4................................................................13

6.1.2 Recommended wireless access points: LinkSys WAP200....................................................13

6.1.3 Recommended network cabling: Belden®1305A ..................................................................14

6.1.4 Recommended network connectors: LEMO®-type Multipin Connector................................14

7 REFERENCES AND DEFINITIONS...........................................................................................................15

8 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ..................................................................................................................16

PLM Series Network Conﬁguration Guide 3

2 .1 O ver v iew

Thank you for choosing the Lab.gruppen PLM Series

of Powered Loudspeaker Management systems for

your sound reinforcement needs. We are conﬁdent

that you will be pleased with the performance, unique

features, conﬁguration ﬂexibility, reliability, and long-

term durability offered by PLM Series products.

This document covers only information related to

network conﬁguration. For information on PLM

Series installation and operation, and use of the

Dolby

Lake

Controller (DLC) PLM Edition software,

please consult the other documentation included with

your PLM Series product: The Dolby Lake Controller

User Manual, the Dolby Lake Controller User Manual

PLM Edition Addendum, the PLM Series Operation

Manual, and the PLM Series Quick Start and Field

Reference Guide.

This document and the PLM Quick Start and Field

Reference Guide supply most of the information

you will require to install your PLM Series products

and conﬁgure a network. We do, however, highly

recommend reading through all the of the product

documentation on the included CD ROM in their

entirety. As you become thoroughly familiar with

all aspects of the PLM Series, you may learn about

features and options that will affect your choices of

operational modes or loudspeaker system conﬁgura-

tions.

The Lab.gruppen PLM Series utilizes proven Dolby

Lake Processor technology and expands upon it,

providing a suite of load veriﬁcation and performance

monitoring features. The power ampliﬁcation sec-

tion builds on the foundation of the road-tested

FP+ and legendary fP Series, providing the same

sonic signature – powerful, tight bass and transpar-

ent high frequency response. In addition, the PLM

Series establishes new benchmarks for high power

and channel density in tandem with digital signal

processing, system management and protection

features found in no other product.

Thank you again for placing your conﬁdence in

Lab.gruppen.

2.2. Ethernet Fundamentals

The PLM Series implements a full Ethernet stack,

providing all the standard features and beneﬁts of an

Ethernet device. As with all Ethernet-based devices,

some speciﬁc cable requirements apply, and there

are inherent limitations to the number of network

nodes and cable lengths supported. An overview

of basic Ethernet system requirements is presented

in section 5.3 of this guide.

It is assumed that the user has a basic understand-

ing of Ethernet-based networking technology. (A

level of knowledge equivalent to that needed for

conﬁguring a home or small ofﬁce network should be

sufﬁcient for most PLM Series applications.) Also, it

is assumed the user is familiar with basic networking

terminology (e.g. bandwidth, port, node). A number

of more advanced terms speciﬁc to PLM Series

applications are included in section 7 (References

and Deﬁnitions).

2.3 PC Conﬁguration

In most network conﬁgurations that include switch-

ers or routers of the types recommended, it should

not be necessary to manually conﬁgure network

settings in the host computer used for the Dolby

Lake Controller PLM Edition software application.

The network should automatically detect the host

computer and all connected PLM Series units, and

then set the IP address, network speed and com-

munication protocols without user intervention.

In applications where switches or routers of the

recommended type are not used, and instead the

PLM Series units are connected directly to the net-

work port of the host computer, it may be necessary

to manually conﬁgure your network connection by

entering an IP address. Instructions for this are given

in the Dolby Lake Controller Manual, section 2.3.

In Windows Vista, navigation to the IP

dialog box differs from that given for Win-

dows XP in the Dolby Lake Controller

Manual. For Vista, the following navigation

is suggested:

INTRODUCTION 2

4 PLM Series Network Conﬁguration Guide

2 INTRODUCTION

From the Start menu, open the Control Panel.1.

Under Network and Internet, choose View

Network Status and Tasks.

Underneath Network, to the right of Connection2.

/ Local Area Connection, choose View Status.

In the dialog box, click on Properties, and click3.

Continue in the warning dialog.

4. In the Local Area Connection Properties,4.

select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4)

and click on the Properties button below.

Proceed as in Dolby Lake Controller Manual,5.

section 2.3.2, step 4.

PLM Series Network Conﬁguration Guide 5

PLM SeRIeS aND DaNTe NeTwORkINg FeaTUReS 3

3.1 Networking Overview

Designed for use on an Ethernet network, the PLM

Series Powered Loudspeaker Management system

allows conﬁguration, control, and monitoring of mul-

tiple PLM Series devices from a PC running DLC PLM

Edition software. The user can control the networked

devices over either a wired or a wireless connection.

Additionally, the PLM Series’ incorporation of the

Dante digital audio protocol permits distribution of

multichannel digital audio (up to 24-bit, 96 kHz) as

well as control data via the same network.

Network conﬁgurations containing a mixture

of PLM Series devices, Dolby Lake Proces -

sors, Lake Contour™ and Mesa Quad EQ™

processors are supported, and can be

controlled simultaneously within the DLC PLM Edi-

tion software environment. Also, it should be noted

that a PLM Series device or Dolby Lake Processor

can be utilized as a “break in” point for the introduc-

tion of an analog or AES digital audio signal to the

system; this signal then can be passed on via Dante

throughout the rest of the network.

3.2 Dante Audio Network

The Dolby Lake processor integrated in the PLM

Series incorporates a Dante audio networking inter-

face, allowing the connections to the PLM Series to

be reduced to a single Cat-5e cable which carries all

audio and control information.

Dante, developed by Audinate

, permits the transmis-

sion of professional-quality multichannel audio over

an Ethernet network. Dante overcomes the problems

associated with earlier Ethernet-based digital audio

systems, including clock synchronization issues,

lack of true plug-and-play functionality, and channel

count limitations. Additionally, Dante can coexist with

TCP/IP network trafﬁc and other standard control

protocols.

All conductors must be terminated to the

RJ45 connector at both ends of any cable

used for Dante network connectivity.

3.3 Rear Panel Connections

The PLM Series has two Ethernet ports for use in

creating free-topology Ethernet-based networking

systems. The ports, located on the back panel (see

ﬁgure 1), use Neutrik®EtherCon®RJ45 connectors.

Two LEDs above each port indicate connection to a

valid network (LINK) and the presence of network

activity (ACT).

Both Ethernet ports are 10/100BASE-T with auto-

sensing and auto-uplink. The 10/100 auto-sensing

function automatically conﬁgures the Ethernet port

to operate at either 10 MHz (10BASE-T) or 100 MHz

(100BASE-T). The auto-uplink feature automatically

senses the cable type, allowing for either a pass-

through (straight) or crossover Ethernet cable to be

used.

Although standard Cat-5 Ethernet cables

can be used to interconnect PLM Series

devices, switches, wireless access points

and routers on the network, Cat-5e Ethernet

cabling is strongly recommended due to its increased

bandwidth capacity.

Ser.N:o

CH 2

CH 

CH 4

CH 3

CLASS 2 WIRING

SPEAKER OUTPUTS INPUT INPUT 2LINK LINK 2

AES/EBU

INPUT 1-2 LINK 1-2

SWITCHED 10/100 Base-TX

Must be grounded/earthed

Made in Sweden

ANALOG WITH ISO-FL O A T

200/240V 2500W

50-60Hz

PLM 0000Q

Ser. N:o Removed!

CH 2

CH 

CH 4

CH 3

CLASS 2 WIRING

SPEAKER OUTPUTS INPUT INPUT 2LINK LINK 2

AES/EBU

INPUT 1-2 LINK 1-2 LINK SECPRIMACT LINKACT

SWITCHED 10/100 Base-TX

Must be grounded/earthed

Made in Sweden

PIN 1: SCRN 2: POS 3: NEG

ANALOG WITH ISO-FLOAT TM

200/240V 2500W

50-60Hz

PLM 0000Q

Figure 3.3: Dual Ethernet ports are located on the PLM rear

panel

6 PLM Series Network Conﬁguration Guide

4.1 SPF Overview

Critical network conﬁgurations (such as those trans-

porting audio signals) should avoid “Single Point

of Failure” (SPF) scenarios to the greatest extent

possible. SPF failures can occur when a network has

been designed in such a way that failure of a single

part of the network can cause the entire network to

fail or cease operation. A network that has not been

designed with the appropriate fail-safe measures

to avoid SPF issues can suffer a breakdown in the

transport of audio and control data, resulting in the

worst case scenario for any professional sound

engineer: dead silence.

The use of redundant network and audio cabling

and switches, as well as the careful selection of the

proper network topology for your application, are

effective tools in avoiding SPF issues.

The PLM Series has been designed with special

features to help prevent this type of system-wide

network breakdown. These include:

Auto input priority switching (managing multiple

•

signal sources)

Support for redundant device sources (e.g. the•

same device providing both analog and AES

sources simultaneously to the network)

Support for redundant network paths (via redun-

•

dant rear panel Ethernet ports on the PLM)

4.2 Automatic Priority Input

Switching

The user-selectable automatic input priority switching

feature in the DLC PLM Edition software is located

on the I/O Conﬁg tab of the Input Conﬁguration page

(see ﬁgure 4.1). Four levels of input priority are of-

fered, each of which can consist of Analog, AES 1,

AES 2, and Dante. In the event of a loss of signal to

the ﬁrst priority input, the system will instantly switch

to the next designated priority input and restore audio

connectivity to the system.

Full information on how to select user input priorities

is contained in section 9.12.3.1 of the PLM Series

Operation Manual.

Figure 4.1: Priority input settings are located in the Input Conguration page

4 avOIDINg SINgLe POINT OF FaILURe (SPF) ISSUeS

PLM Series Network Conﬁguration Guide 7

avOIDINg SINgLe POINT OF FaILURe (SPF) ISSUeS 4

4.1.1 Signal type redundancy

Use of this topology allows a PLM to receive audio

and control signals from a source device using differ-

ent output types, i.e. a device which can output both

analog and AES signals simultaneously. These signals

are then designated as priorities in the auto input

section. Again, please refer to section 9.12.3.1 of

the PLM Series Operation Manual for more detailed

information on setting input priorities.

4.1.2 Signal source redundancy

This priority scheme consists of two sources, in

two locations, acting as prioritized sources in the

same network. Source redundancy also allows the

user to set up two different devices (e.g. PLMs),

feed both with the same input signal (analog or AES

digital), and then have both transfer this signal onto

Dante. Redundant signals are thus transferred to the

network. All PLMs that are required to access this

signal can do so as long as one of the two PLMs

connected to the source device remains on the

network. All remaining PLMs on the network must

be conﬁgured to access these same two devices as

the primary and secondary signal sources.

An alternate use of this function is to have

a higher prioritized source as an override.

For example, an AES signal could be dis-

tributed as a ﬁre alarm input that can then

override the normal material distributed via Dante

and/or analog.

4.2 Network Port Redundancy

In this application, the second network port on a

PLM’s rear panel can be conﬁgured to be redundant

to the ﬁrst port. If a parallel network is created, and

the source is connected to both networks, then any

single cable failure or switch failure can be overcome

without any loss of audio signal in the network. It is

also possible to survive multiple hardware failures

with this topography; however, this capability will

depend on the network conﬁguration that is used.

More information about possible conﬁgurations is

found in section 5.

8 PLM Series Network Conﬁguration Guide

5.2 PLM Series Topology

Overview

Thanks to the auto-sense and auto -uplink features of

the PLM Series’ Ethernet ports, connecting multiple

units is a simple task. A free-topology network can

be implemented easily, including external switches

or hubs as required.

Following are some examples of various network

conﬁgurations that can be used when setting up a

PLM network.

5.2.1 Daisy-chained devices

If a daisy chain network system (see ﬁgure 3) is

implemented, the secondary Ethernet connectors

on PLM Series devices can be used as “loop-thru

outputs” to send the audio and/or control signal to

the next unit in the chain (i.e. in the same rack). As an

example, a system utilizing a Dolby Lake Processor

as a “break in point” would ﬁnd the DLP typically

connected to the Primary Ethernet port of the ﬁrst

PLM in the rack. The signal would then travel from

the Secondary Ethernet connector of this PLM Series

unit to the Primary Ethernet connector of the next

unit in the system, and so on.

Care must be exercised in implementing a

chain topology network, as the number of

PLM Series devices being connected in this

way will have a critical bearing on network

performance parameters such as overall latency.

Also, the use of single layer cabling to connect the

network will introduce the possibility of Single Point

of Failure issues, which should be avoided at all costs

when operating critical systems Therefore, this top-

ology is NOT recommended at all for applications

using Dante and it is NOT recommended for applica-

tions with more than 10 PLMs, even when not using

Dante.

100 100

100

Figure 5.2.1: Daisy chain network topology

5.1 PLM Series Network

Cabling

The common cable categories used for high band-

width network connectivity are Cat-5e and Cat-6;

these are preferred choices for PLM Series network

use. However, Cat-5 may be used in limited applica-

tions, as explained below.

Cat-6, as the designation implies, is the newer

standard, and it is designed to accommodate high-

speed networks up to 250 MHz. The 10000BASE-T X

standard (using 2 pairs) requires Cat-6 cabling. Cat-6 is

fully compatible with all PLM Series network applica-

tions (including use with Dante) as it accommodates

all current Ethernet protocols.

Cat-5e (using 4 pairs) supports 1000BASE-T ap-

plications, and is also fully suited to all PLM Series

applications, including Dante.

Cat-5 cabling meets the requirements for the PLM

Ethernet control network. However, the higher ratings

of Cat-5e and Cat-6 are recommended for use as the

backbone between switches, particularly if Dante is

being used.

Cat-3 or Cat-4 cables may still be in use in some

installations. Neither of these satisﬁes the bandwidth

requirements of 100BASE-TX or 1000BASE-T net-

working, and should not be used with PLM Series

networks.

Table 5.1 can be used as a guide when specifying

maximum recommended lengths for Ethernet cables

within a PLM network:

Table 5.1: Recommended PLM network cable lengths

Spectral

Bandwidth Max Length LAN

Cat-5 100 MHz 100 m 100BASE-TX

Cat-5e 100 MHz 100 m

100BASE-TX

1000BASE-T

Cat-6 250 MHz 100 m 1000BASE-TX

5 NeTwORk CONNeCTIONS aND TOPOLOgIeS

PLM Series Network Conﬁguration Guide 9

NeTwORk CONNeCTIONS aND TOPOLOgIeS 5

5.2.3 Daisy-chained switches

In such a topology, each group of PLM Series units

(typically those inside the same rack) have a switch

inside the rack to which each has a direct connection.

These “local” switches are connected in a daisy chain

(ﬁgure 5.2.3). Systems of this type can be made quite

large if the switches are using 1000BASE-T (Gigabit

Ethernet), and although this is a very convenient

system when it comes to wiring, a topology of this

type can potentially develop SPF issues.

5.2.4 Daisy-chained switch ring

This is an enhanced variant of the above that can

be created if the switches support RSTP, or Rapid

Spanning Tree Protocol. (See section 7, References

and Deﬁnitions, for more information.) The beneﬁt

of this conﬁguration is that, if there is a cable failure,

the network will recover; all devices on the network

(PLMs, switches, routers, etc.) will still be able to

communicate. If a switch fails, all devices will remain

connected to the network, with the exception of

those devices that are directly connected to the failed

switch. If Dante is being used, there will be a brief

audible interruption in the sound (5 ms – 2 s), the

length of which will depend on the size of the system

and the vendor of the switch.

The PLM’s own internal switches do not

support RSTP. Care must be taken to not

create a ring (closed loop) with the PLM’s

rear panel connectors.

5.2.2 Star or Hub-and-Spoke networks

An alternative approach is to implement a network

with Star topology, also referred to as ‘hub-and-

spoke’ or ‘radial’ topology, using a number of Ethernet

switches. (See ﬁgure 5.2.2.) In such a network, a

group of PLMs (typically those inside the same rack)

are connected directly to a switch also housed in the

rack. These local switches are then connected to a

“central” switch.

If dual redundancy mode is used, then a completely

parallel secondary network can be created. The

primary network would connect the primary port of

each Dante equipped device (PLM or DLP) and the

secondary network would connect all the secondary

ports.

The dual redundancy mode has the beneﬁt that any

single switch can fail without causing an audible

interruption in the network. However, the control

and monitor PC will have to be manually switched

between the primary and the secondary network if

a failure on one network layer should occur.

A dual redundancy conﬁguration doubles

the number of switches and cables needed.

Also note that the Dolby Lake Processor

(DLP) does not support this redundancy

scheme via dual rear panel Ethernet connectors, so

one DLP per network layer would be required.

1000 1000

Rack

1000

802.11g/n

100

Rack

1000

100

Rack

1000

100

Figure 5.2.2: Two level star topology

10 PLM Series Network Conﬁguration Guide

may be to place a group of local switches in each

“zone”, which are ﬁrst interconnected to form a “local

area network” (e.g. Stage Left). These area networks

are then interconnected with a main backbone. A

different topology for the main backbone than that

of the local area network may be chosen, depending

on your speciﬁc application and resources.

Figure 5.2.6 shows an example of a combined net-

work utilizing both Star and Daisy Chained switch

ring topologies.

5.3 Ethernet Cabling Limitations

The maximum cable length allowed between any

two devices on a network is deﬁned by the Ethernet

protocol and is limited to 100 meters (330 feet) for

copper connections. The term “devices” includes:

The host PC running the Dolby Lake Controller•

PLM Edition software

Any switch on the network•

Any access point•

Any PLM•

Optical ﬁber can be used if longer distances are

needed. Multi-mode ﬁber supports up to 550 meters

(1800 feet) and single mode supports even longer

5.2.5 Dual daisy-chained switches

This is a hybrid that combines the ease of wiring

of the daisy chain topology with the 100% avoid-

ance of SPF issues in the dual redundant star/spoke

conﬁguration (ﬁgure 5.2.5). It is simply two “daisy

chained switch” networks in parallel: the primary and

secondary networks are connected independently

using the dual redundant mode in the PLMs.

If the control computer only has one network

card, it can be connected to only one of the

network layers. The solution to this situation

can be as follows:

Manually disconnect from the “blue“ network•

layer and connect to the “red” network layer

instead if one or more PLMs are inaccessible via

the blue network (see ﬁgure 5.2.5). This can be

done easily by using a simple hardware switch

box.

A more advanced solution would be to equip

•

the PC with two identical network cards and

appropriate drivers so that it can be connected

to both networks simultaneously.

5.2.6 Other combination networks

In larger system network topologies, a good solution

1000

Rack

1000 1000

1000

100

1000

Rack

1000

100

1000

Rack

1000

100

1000

Rack

1000 1000

1000

100

1000

100

1000 1000 1000

Rack

1000 1000

100

1000

100

1000 1000 1000

Rack

1000

100

1000

100

1000 1000

Figure 5.2.3: Daisy chained switches

Figure 5.2.5: Dual daisy chain switch topology

5 NeTwORk CONNeCTIONS aND TOPOLOgIeS

PLM Series Network Conﬁguration Guide 11

5.4 PLM / Dante Network Size

Limitations

The information below is provided to give an overview

of the terminology and concepts that are used when

describing a PLM network and its functions. Further

explanations of terminology used can be found in

section 7, References and Deﬁnitions.

A cable connection from one network port to another

is often referred to as a hop.

The maximum size of a network is often referred to as

the network diameter. The optimal network diameter

is deﬁned by the time it takes for a packet to get from

one device to another across the furthest point in the

network, in terms of communication time.

Most of the time consumed in the path, generally

referred to as latency, is the hardware reaction

and transmission time. The time consumed for the

packets to travel over the network Ethernet cables

themselves is very small in comparison. If we assume

100 m copper cables for all hops, we can present

some simple rules for how many hops are permitted

from any Dante source device to any of its recieving

distances. The recommended LinkSys switch can be

upgraded with SFP modules to support ﬁber connec-

tions (See section 7, References and Deﬁnitions,

for more information on SFP.)

Rack

1000 1000

100

1000

Rack

1000

100

1000

Stage Right

1000

Rack

1000

100

1000

Rack

1000

100

1000

Stage Left

FoH

1000 1000

1000

Figure 5.2.6: Combined network topology

Link speed [Mbps]

System type 1* 2**

Source 100 100

Backbone 100 1000

Sink 100 100

Network diameter

[# of “hops”]

14 62

Latency setting 1 0.8 ms 1 4

1 1

2 9

Latency setting 1 1.3 ms 4 19

14 >20

56 256

Latency setting 2 4.0 ms 9 45

7 34

* PLM/DLP without external switches or with 100 Mbps switches

(not a recommended setup!)

** Recommended PLM only example with Gigabit switch backbone

Table 5.4: PLM network diameter guide

NeTwORk CONNeCTIONS aND TOPOLOgIeS 5

12 PLM Series Network Conﬁguration Guide

for use in larger venues; however local legal restrictions

may apply in some countries. Please contact your Lab.

gruppen distributor for advice if necessary.

5.6 Improving Wireless

Accessibility

Primary and Secondary PC

In applications where maintaining control and monitor-

ing throughout the event is critical, and yet where

mobile control access is also desired, users should

have a primary control PC connected via wire in

conjunction with a wireless secondary PC.

Multiple access points, single SSID

Two or more access points can be connected to the

same network as long as they are given the same

SSID, the name used to identify a particular LAN within

range of a PC. (See section 7 References and Deﬁni-

tions for more information.) The user can then move

freely around the venue and maintain connection to

the network via the closest access point.

5.7 Using Dante in Conjunction

with Wireless Networks and

Low Bandwidth Devices

For Dante to operate on a network link, the network

has to provide a bandwidth of at least 100 Mbit/s.

Hence Dante does not operate over wireless links.

In order to attach a wireless accesspoint to a Dante

enabled network, special attention needs to be taken

to make sure the Dante packets do not ﬂood the wire-

less link. A switch that is conﬁgured to ﬁlter out the

Dante packets must be installed at the boundary of

the wireless network.

Dolby Lake legacy products such as Contour and Mesa

Processors are 10 MBit/s devices. If these devices

are to be connected to a Dante enabled network, the

same type of ﬁltering of Dante packets is necessary.

Please refer to the Audinate document “AUD-ANO-

ACL_Filtering_SRW224G4-V2.4.pdf” for further details

regarding ﬁltering of Dante packets.

devices (or sinks) for a given latency setting. Table

5.4 shows the limits for a Dante system with PLM

Series devices as the sinks.

The recommended system is shown in grey in Table

5.4. It has a DLP or PLM as the source (100 Mbps)

and PLM Series devices as sinks. The ﬁrst and last

hops are 100 Mbps; all other hops, including those

between switches, are 1000 Mbps.

If the latency is assumed to be 1.3 ms we can have

34 hops from the source devices to any PLM. If we

assume 3 x PLMs per rack in any variant of the daisy

chained switch topologies (ring or dual chain), we

could then support a system with 33 racks, giving

99 PLMs (396 channels).

If the topology is layered or star/spoke, the system

could be even larger. The DLC PLM Edition software

user inter face is designed to display 125 PLM Series

devices on an XGA screen.

A system of this size has been assembled

and veriﬁed by Lab.gruppen engineering at

our factory location.

5.5 Wireless Network Topologies

Adding wireless networking to the system provides

portable, centralized control to a distributed network

of PLM Series devices (as well as other Dolby Lake

processors.) A wireless network greatly enhances

the ﬂexibility of control of a large audio system, as

the control location is not ﬁxed. A wireless access

point simply works as a gateway between the wired

network and wireless devices. A Tablet PC running

the Dolby Lake Controller PLM Edition software then

communicates with the access point wirelessly, al-

lowing control of the system from anywhere in the

venue that is within wireless range

Wireless connections are generally slower

than wired connections, and can result in

varying degrees of Ethernet performance.

Connection quality can depend on the

distance and angle to the access point as well as the

presence of any surrounding interference. Strong

interference may lead to loss of connection.

Booster antennae are highly recommended

5 NeTwORk CONNeCTIONS aND TOPOLOgIeS

PLM Series Network Conﬁguration Guide 13

Code Point (DSCP) protocol, and it must implement

strict priority control over at least the top two priority

levels. (3Com is an example of a provider that typi-

cally prioritizes only the top level.) See References

and Deﬁnitions in section 7 for more on DSCP.

Internal switch forwarding latency of 4 µs or less is

recommended.

Several switches have been tested by

Lab.gruppen and not all behave according

to their datasheets. Some others that

comply with general speciﬁcations have a

tendency to drop packets, and therefore cannot be

recommended.

LinkSys SRW224G4

19 inch rack-mountable•

24 x 10/100 switched RJ45 ports•

4 x 10/100/1000 switched RJ45 ports•

2-SFP slots for use with ﬁber optic connections•

RSTP supported•

Secure remote monitoring software available (freeware)•

Approved by Audinate, developers of the Dante network•

Manufacturers link: www.linksys.com•

6.1.2 Recommended wireless access point:

LinkSys WAP200

Access points utilizing the 802.11g or 802.11n

formats are recommended both for their diversity

and bandwidth. A PoE-type (Power over Ethernet /

802.3af) access point that can be powered over its

Ethernet connection is also a good idea, as it is very

easy to place at an optimal location since only one

cable is needed for both network connectivity and

power. (See in section 7 References and Deﬁnitions

for more information.)

If the switch doesn’t have PoE, then a mid-

span PoE adapter is needed as well.

6.1 General Recommendations

Critical networks such as those used in profes-

sional audio systems require infrastructure hardware

offering the high level of connectivity and reliability

essential for critical, data-intensive applications.

Additionally, this hardware needs to be robust enough

to survive the rigors of repetitive loading and unloa-

ding, and frequent connection and disconnection.

Lab.gruppen has evaluated a number of hardware

manufacturers in regard to use within a PLM Series

network. Our ﬁndings have resulted in the following

hardware recommendations. Of course, there are any

number of scenarios involving systems of various

sizes, logistical and routing requirements, so these

recommendations are to be considered as guidelines

only.

In addition to the recommendations provided, other

products may be equally suited to PLM Series ap-

plications. Lab.gruppen will continue to evaluate and

verify network products as the market for network

devices changes rapidly. Updated information will be

posted at www.labgruppen.com/plm.

6.1.1 Network switches / routers:

LinkSys SRW224G4

Depending on the conﬁguration selected, the

appropriate network switch or router will have enough

ports to accommodate direct connection to each PLM

in the rack as well as connections from rack to rack

where required in the system-wide conﬁguration.

Switches manufactured for mounting into a standard

19 inch equipment rack are generally considered

more appropriate to withstand the rigors of loading

and unloading that can be part of a sound system’s

daily use.

In systems that DO NOT utilize Dante, Lab.gruppen

is not providing a speciﬁc recommendation. In gen-

eral, however, a switch with RSTP is recommended.

This greatly increases reliability in case of any loss of

information or connection failures. It is also a good

practice to use switches that allow monitoring of

links over the network.

In systems where Dante is used, the switch should

have 1000BASE-T (or better) for switch-to-switch

connections. The switch must support the DiffServe

NeTwORk HaRDwaRe ReCOMMeNDaTIONS 6

14 PLM Series Network Conﬁguration Guide

6 NeTwORk HaRDwaRe ReCOMMeNDaTIONS

only guarantees the performance of the EtherCon

for 1000 mating cycles.

In order to provide a more reliable long-term solu-

tion, Lab.gruppen recommends the circular metal

push-pull connector from LEMO®. These connectors

are rated to withstand 5000 mating cycles, and are

available in both crimped and soldered versions.

LEMO connectors

Rated at 5000 insertions•

Operational from -50 C to + 200 C•

Nickel / brass construction•

Manufacturer website: www.lemo.com•

Recommended part numbers:•

Female panel connector• PEG.2K.308.CYMC75

Male cable connector• FGG.2K.308.CYCC75Z

Female panel connector• PHG.2K.308.CYMC75Z

In order to use the LEMO connector one

must use the following pin out. Pins 4 and

6 are “shifted”. If the connector is made

with a pin-to-pin wiring conﬁguration, the

connection will work for 100BASE-TX, but not for

1000BASE-T.

RJ-45 LEMO

1 1 orange/white

2 2 orange

3 3 green/white

4 6 blue

5 5 blue/white

6 4 green

7 7 brown/white

8 8 brown

LinkSys WAP200

802.3af compatible•

256 bit secure encryption•

RangeBooster™ technology increases range and decreases

•

dead spots using standard antennae

Good results even with obstructive objects in broadcast

•

path

Accepts standards-based PoE (IEEE 802.3af) or external

•

DC power

Manufacturer website:•

www.linksys.com or www.3com.com

6.1.3 Recommended network cabling:

Belden 1305A

Although Belden 1305A is a stranded-type

cable providing high resilience against failure

from repetitive bending or stressing, it ex-

hibits a loss of 26.4 dB instead of the 24

dB that is stated in the Cat-5e requirements. This

limits the recommended length to 90.9 m. Please

be aware that Lab.gruppen has not veriﬁed perfor-

mance at the maximum length.

Belden 1305A Cat-6 cable

4 pair / 8 conductor•

Wire pairs are glued together to resist bend failure•

Approved for both indoor and outdoor applications•

Operating temperature of -20 C to +60 C•

Manufacturer website: www.belden.com•

6.1.4 Recommended network connectors:

LEMO-type multipin connector

The Neutrik EtherConRJ45 connector has come into

wide use in the touring business. However, Neutrik

PLM Series Network Conﬁguration Guide 15

REFERENCEs AND DEFINITIONs 7

The following deﬁnitions will help the user better understand some speciﬁc terms used in this guide, and in other

PLM Series technical documentation. Lab.gruppen has made every effort to make sure that the information here

is correct and accurate.

Term Description

Auto-sensing The Ethernet ports on the PLM automatically determine the base speed of the network connection (10Base-T or 100Base-T) and conﬁgure

themselves appropriately.

Auto-uplink The Ethernet ports on the PLM are able to operate with either straight or crossed network cables. This ability to connect correctly with

either type is termed auto-uplinking.

Backbone Large Ethernet networks are often implemented with a very high speed “trunk” part of the network topology feeding the main switches,

which in turn support smaller, lower-speed local networks. The term backbone is used to describe such a trunk.

Crossed network

cable

An Ethernet cable in which four of the eight conductors (pins 1, 2, 5 & 6) are not wired pin-to-pin. Such a cable is required in conventional IT

networks to connect two PCs together without using a hub or switch. The auto-uplink feature of the PLM’s Ethernet ports allows crossed

cables to be used if wished. See also Straight network cable.

Differentiated

Services Code Point

(DSCP)

DSCP is a networking architecture that speciﬁes a simple, scalable mechanism for classifying and managing network trafﬁc to provide

Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees on IP networks. DSCP can be used to provide low-latency, guaranteed service to critical trafﬁc such as

audio or video, while providing best effort trafﬁc guarantees to non-critical services such as control or status information.

Dual-network

topology

A network topology consisting of two (usually) identical networks, one connecting to the Primary Ethernet ports and the other to the

Secondary ports. Although more complex to implement, the advantage of using a dual-network system is one of greatly improved reliability

as one complete network remains operational if the other should fail.

Hop A cable connection from one network port to the next network port.

Latency The small but ﬁnite delay incurred by audio signals when they are transformed into the digital domain, processed digitally, and then

converted back into analog signals. In the Dolby Lake system, latency is assured to be constant.

MAC address In addition to an IP address, every device on an Ethernet network has a MAC address. This address is ﬁxed at the time of manufacture, and

is effectively the permanent identiﬁer of the physical unit. MAC stands for Media Access Control

Packet A packet is a formatted block of data consisting of both control data and user data, also known as the payload. Control information provides

data needed by the network to deliver the user data (payload) and assure data integrity. Each packet travels over the network as a discrete

and uninterrupted block of data.

Power over Ethernet

(PoE)

Power over Ethernet is a system for transmitting electrical power over a twisted pair cable along with the data. It is functionally similar to

the phantom powering of microphones over audio cables. PoE allows powering of remote network switches and other appliances without

the need of a separate power supply and AC mains wiring.

Rapid Spanning Tree

Protocol (RSTP)

RSTP is a data communication protocol that enables fast restoration of service following failure or interruptions on a network link. Based on

the old Spanning Tree Protocol, it retains the plug-and-play beneﬁts while providing far faster recovery of network connectivity.

SFP (Small Form-

factor Pluggable)

SFP is an optical transceiver used in data communications. It interfaces a network device to a ﬁber optic cable, allowing the network to carry

large amounts of data over long distances with minimal latency.

SSID A Service Set Identiﬁer, or SSID, is used to identify the particular 802.11 wireless LAN to which a user wishes to attach. A client device

receives messages from all access points within range. Selection of the access point can be pre-conﬁgured within the client device, or

chosen by a user from a displayed list of SSIDs. Multiple access points will have the same SSID if they provide access of the same LAN.

Star A network topology which uses a network switch to connect to individual PLMs. Each PLM connects to one port on the switch with its own

cable; thus the network looks like a star when drawn as a diagram with the switch at the centre.

Switch (Ethernet) An Ethernet switch allows several Ethernet devices to be connected to a network using a star topology. More intelligent than the earlier