Leica R 4 s MOD. P User manual

INSTRUCTIONS
LEICAR4SMOD.P

Wewish
you
pleasant
and
successf
ul
pho-
tography
with
your
new
LEICA.
However,
the
servicefrom
LEITZ
isnot
yet
through.
The
following
are
also
available:
LEITZ
InformationService
Any
question
on
35
mm
photography,
pro-
jection,
enlarging
and
binoculars
can
be
answered
by telephone
or post by the
Leitz
Information
Service.
Mondays
toFridays,
I - 12.00
and13
- 16.00
on(O
6441)292436.
ERNST
LEITZ
WETZLAR
GMBH.,
Information
Service, .
Postfach
2020, o
D-6330
Wetzlar, ,..
!.,.
West
Germany ' ."-
tJ
Gustomer
Service
Our
Technical
ServiceDepartment
isready
to undertake
maintenance
of
your
LEICA
R4s MOD.P
orany
repairs
thatmay
be-
come
necessary.
ERNST
LEITZ
WETZLAR
GMBH.,
Technical
ServiceDepartment,
Postfach
2027,
D-6330
Wetzlar,
West
Germany
Outside
ofGermany,
thelocal
Leitz
agency
canbe
contacted.
LEICA
School
TheLEICA
Schoolis
another
part
otLE|TZ
service.ltwas
founded
tomeet
thewishes
ofmany
keen
photographers
for
thorough
f
urthertraining
in
photography,
projection
and
enlarging.
The
courses
offer
anextensive
programme
and
provide
many
practical
suggestions
as
well
asagreat
stimulus.
Further
details
andregistration
forms
are
available
from:
ERNST
LEITZ
WETZLAR
GMBH.,
LEICA
School,
Postfach
2020,
D-6330
Wetzlar,
West
Germany
www.orphancameras.com

Contents Page
Briefdescription 4
Attaching
thecarryingstrap 6
fnserting
thelens 7
Removingthelens 7
Inserting
and
testingthebatteries 8
Rapid
transportlever 10
Settingthe
film
speed 10
lnserting
the
film 11
Removing
the
film 14
Switchingontheexposure
system 14
The
alternative
exposuremeasuring
methods 15
LEITZlargefieldintegratingmeasurement 16
LEITZselectivemeasurement 16
Exposure
corrections 17
Sensitivityoftheexposuremeter 18
Measuring
withworking
aperture 18
Insufficient
lightformeasurement 18
Long-timerange I'r ..,'. , ., 19
Selecting
the
programs ".
- 20
Shutter
speed
ring 21
Automatic
shutter
speedcontrolwith
LEITZ
fargefield
integratingmeasurement 22
Automatic
shutter
speedcontrolwith
LEITZ
selectivemeasurement 24
Manual
setting
with
LEITZ
selective
measurement 26
The
viewfinder
asacomposition
and
control
centre 28
Focusingwith
the
universalfocusing
screen 30
Interchangeable
focusing
screens 31
Uniform
groundg
lass
screen,
micro-prism
screen 31
Uniformgroundglass screen with grid division
Clearglass platewith crosslines
Correction lenses
Eyecup
Eyepieceblanking
Multiple
exposures
Flash
synchronisation
Automaticswitch-overto "X"
Depth-of-fieldlever
Depth-of-fieldscale
Self-timer
Lenshoods
Automaticspring-back diaphragm
Designof the LEICAR lenses
Holding
the camera
correctly
Filters
The use of filters
The use of existing LEICA
R lenses
and accessories
LEICAM lenses
on the LEICA
R4 s MOD.P
Careofthe LEICAR4 s MOD.P
Cases
MOTOR-WINDERR 4, MOTOR-DRIVE
R4
RCLEICARelectroniccontrolunit
DBLE|CAR4Databack
Interchangeable
lenses
Enlargers
Projectors
Binoculars
Camera spare parts
Focusingscreens
Suitabilityfor use in the tropics
31
31
32
32
33
33
34
35
36
36
37
37
38
38
39
40
40
4',l
42
42
43
44
45
45
46
47
47
47
47
47
47

Brief description
1 Automatic
framecounter
2 Control
window
forfilm
transport
3 Lever
forrapid shutter
windand
filmtransport
4 Release
button
withthreadfor cablerelease
5 Shutter
speed
ring
6 Programselector
7 Viewing
windowfortheset
program
8 Accessory
shoewith centreand control contact
I Doesnotapplyto LEICA
R4s
10 LED
(Light
Emmiting
Diode)forself-timer
11 Lockingbutton
forexposure correction
(override)
12 Override
setting
lever
13 Locking
button
for ISO
(ASA/DIN)
setting
ofthe
exposure
meter,battery
test
knob(C),
LED
for battery
test
14 Folding
rewind
crank
15 Film-speedsetting
ring
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16 Scale forexposure
correction
'17 Electronic
self-timer
18 Bayonetlock
19 Depth-ofjield
lever
20 Reddotmarking
for lens
change
21 Distance
setting
ring
22 Depth-of-field
scale
23 Aperture
preselection
ring
24 Flash
contact
25 Eyeletfor carrying
strap
26 Viewingwindow
for inserted
film
27 Eyepiece
blank
28 Viewfinder
eyepiece,correction
lenses
can be inserted
29 Cap for battery
compartment
30 A1/4tripod
thread
31 Rewindrelease
anddouble-exposure
button
32 Motorwinder
connector

Attachingthe carrying
strap
Attachthe carryingstrapto the eyelets
(25).
Remove
the
metalhooks
from
thecarrying
strap
and
hook
them
into
theeyeletson
thecamera.
Attention: Make sure that the carrying
strapisinsertedtothesecond
part
ofthe
metal
hookscompletely
before
youpush
the securing loops over them (see pic-
turesabove).
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Inserting
thelens
Onlylenseswith
control
camforLeica
R
camerasmay
beattached
to
theLeica
R4
s
MOD.P
otherwise
damage
tothe
camera
will
result.
Independently
ofthedistance
and
aper-
ture settingthe LEICA
R lensesare
exchanged
as
follows:
Grip
thelens
bythefixed
ring
(22).
Make
the
red
dot
(20)
onthelensmountface
the
bayonet
lock (18)
on the camera
body.
Insert
the
lens
in
this
position.
After
aslight
clockwise
turn
the lens
clicksinto
posi-
tion.
Removing
the lens
Grip the lens by the fixed ring (22).
Depress
the bayonet
lock (18)on the
camera.
Turn
the lens
anticlockwise
and
remove
it.
With
the
cameraloaded
change
lensesin
the
shadow
of
your
body,
sincelightmay
enter
through
the shutterwhenopenly
exposed
todirect
sunlight.

Inserting and testing the batteries
TheLEICAR4sMOD.Prequireselectrical
power for exposure measurement and
shuttercontrol.
Thisis
suppliedby2 1.55
or 1.5v silver oxide button cells, or a
Lithiumbattery3Volt.Toinsert the batte-
riesunscrew with a coin and remove
the
cap (29) on the undersideof the camera
body.
Removefilms
ofoxide
from
the bat-
terieswith
acleancloth
andinsertthebat-
teriesinthe
capaccording
totheinsertion
symbols.Screwthecapandbatteries
into
the baseplateof the camera.
Check
the
stateof
thebatteriesbef
ore
you
starttaking
photographs,
especially
when
youhavenotusedthecamerafora pro-
longed
period.
Pressthebatterytestknob
(13),
marked
"C"
ontop
left
ofthecamera.
TheLEDlights
up
inredwhenthebatteries
are
inworking
order.The
batterytestknob
should
remain
pressed
for about5 se-
conds.
A noticeablereductioninthelight
intensity
ofthe
LED
duringthe5sec.
indi-
cates
theimminentexhaustionofthebat-
teries,which
should
bereplaced.
Depressing
batterytest button
(13)
will
switchonthecameraandthe
LEDsin
the
viewfinderwilllight
up.
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lmpoftant
When the MOTOR-WINDER
R
4 or
MOTOR-DRIVE
R
4 isattached, thebatte-
riesare
testedwhen
thebattery testknob
andtheexposure
systemissimultaneous-
lyswitched
on,
forinstance
bymeans
of
pressing
the lockingbutton
on the pro-
gram selector
(see "Switching
on the
exposuresystem",
page
14).
Tipsfor battery care and use:
Store
batteries
inacoolanddry place.
Do not use new and used batteries
to-
gether.
The
batteries
cannotberecharged.
Donot
throw
usedbatteries
into
the
fire.
Do
notmixdifferent
batteries
from
differ-
ent
manufacturers.
Discarded
batteries
shouldbereturned
to
thecamera
shop.
Silver-oxide
buttoncells
Suitable
for
theLEICA
R
4s MOD.P
UCAR
UCAR
UCAR
Mallory
Mallory
Varta
Varta
Varta
Eveready
National
Ray-o-vac
Maxell
EPX76
S76E
No.
357
10L14
MS76H
V76PX
V76HS
No.
541
S76E
G
13
RS76G
SR44F
Attention:
Removebatteries if the Gamera
is not
being
used
for a longtime.

Rapid
transportlever
The
rapid
transport
lever
(3)
transportsthe
film,
winds
theshutter,andoperates
the
film
counter
(1).
Whenthe lever
is turnedout (standby
position)
thethumb
can
bemovedbehind
it and thereby securely support the
camera.
When the MOTOR-WINDER
R
4 or
MOTOR-DRIVE
R4 is attached,consult
instructions
for the MOTOR-WINDER
or
MOTOR-DRIVE
respectively.
The€symbol
indicatesthe
film
plane.
Setting
thefilmspeed
Tosettheexposure
meterfor
the
speedof
the
filmin
thecamera
press
thelocking
button
(1
3)
andatthe
sametime
rotate
the
setting
ring (15)until the desired
film
speed
is
displayed
inthe
viewing
windows
(DlN
atthe
front,ASAatthe
rear).
The
adjustment
rangeextends
fromISO
12/12"
(ASA
12/12DIN)toISO3200/36o
(ASA3200/36 DIN).ISO is the inter-
national
scaleunit
for
film
speed.
10
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ry
Inserting
thefilm
Pull
upthe
rewind
crank
(14)
toopenthe
cameraback*.After
somespring
forcehas
been
overcomethe camerabackopens
automatically.The
film
counter
returns
to
"S"(start).
Wind
theshutter
with
the
rapid
transport
leverand
releaseit.
To save
time duringfilm loading,it is
recommended
to
set
thespeeddialto
"X",
thussettinga shortshutterspeed
inde-
pendent
oftheexposureautomation.
.: Theoperation
isidenticalwiththeDatabackDBLEICAR
4
attached.
11

Pickup the filmcartridge
as illustrated
above.
Theemulsion
sidepoints
to the
viewer.
Pushthe
endofthe
film
obliquely
fromabove
intooneof the slots
of the
take-up
spool.
Ensurethat
the
endofthe
film
isfully
gripped
by
atleastone
lugand
protrudes
under
thenext
lug.
Fully
pull
uptherewindcrank
and
insert
the film cartridge in the empty film
cartridgechamber.
Now Push in the
rewind
crank.
The
edgeofthe
film
must
be
parallel
tothe
film
guide
andthe
sprockets
of
the
transport
drum
mustengage
in
the
perforation
holesof the film when the
rapidtransport
lever
isoperated.
Transport
the
filmthrough
one
frame
with
therapid
transport
lever
sothat
it
willbe
taut
in
the
film
guide
andthe
film
cartridge
mouth
isnot
proud.
lmportant.
Load
thefilmintheshadeofone's
body;
it
is possiblefor light to enter the film
cartridgewhenexposeddirectlyto sun-
light.
12
www.orphancameras.com

Close
thecameraby
snappingthecamera
backshut.Release
the
shutter.
Transport
the filmthroughone frame and again
release
the shutter.
Transportthe film
onceagain.Thecamera
isnowreadyfor
operation.
Thefilm
counter
(1)
points
at1.
It
counts
forward
to "36".
For
the
various
lengthsof
film
thenumbers
"20","24",and
"36"
are
markedinred.
Donotforget:
lfthespeeddialwassetto"X"
while
load-
ingthe film,it mustnowbe re-set.
Thefilmhas
beencorrectlyinserted
and
is
transported
when
a bright
field
becomes
visiblein
thecontrolwindow
(2)
infront
of
the rapid transportlever;it advances
towardsthe
front
edge
ofthe
windowwith
each
exposure.
It
is
also
possible
toobservethe
rewinding
process
(page
14)in
thecontrol
window
(2);
tne
white
field
becomessmallerand
then disappears
just before
the film is
withdrawn
from
thetake-upspool.

Rewinding
andtaking
outthefilm
When
thefilmhas
been
exposed
tothelast
frame
the rapid
transportlever
can no
longerbe operated.Before
the film is
removedfrom the camerait must be
rewoundinto its cartridge.Pressthe
rewindrelease
button
(31)
ontheunder-
side of the camera
body,
turn out the
rewind
crankand rotate
it clockwise
(in
thedirection
ofthearrow)
until
the
filmis
pulled
out
ofthetake-upspool
afterslight
resistancehas
been
overcome.
Openthe
camera
body by pulling
up the rewind
crankand
take
outthe
film
cartridge.
Switching
onthe exposuresystem
The
exposure
systemoftheLEICAR4 s
MOD.Pis
switched
on
with
slight
pressure
of
therelease
button
(4)
or
pressure
ofthe
locking
buttonon the program
selector
(6).
TheLED
displaysin the viewfinder
lightup.
14
www.orphancameras.com

The alternative exposure measuring
methods
The
LEICAR
4s MOD.Phas
anexposure
measuring
systemwithalternative
mea-
suringmethods:
I LEITZlargefield
integrating
measurement
O LEITZselective
measurement
These
exposure
measurement
methods
arecombined
with
theautomatic
shutter
speed
control.
For
manual
settings
ofexposure
timeand
lens
aperture
theLeitz
selectivemeasure-
mentis
used.
Theexposure
is measured
through
the
lens.With
the LEICAR lenseswith
fully
automatic
preset diaphragm
measure-
mentis carried
outat fullaperture.
The
symbol of the measuring method
employed
is
displayed
in
the
viewing
win-
dow
(7)
next
totheprogram
selector
and
in
thebottom
left-hand
corner
ofthe
view-
finder as a program.
The exposure
is
measured
by
asilicon
photo
diodehoused
in
thebottom
part
ofthe
camerawhere
itis
protected
against
stray
light.

af;ITZ
largef
ieldi ntegrating
measurement
Most photographic
subiects are com-
posed
ofdetailsof
variedbrightness.The
reflectionof suchordinary
subjectscor-
respondsto thatofa mean
grey
value
of
18%,
forwhich every
exposure
meteris
calibrated.
Asa rulethedetails
of
variedbrightness
are equallydistributed
throughout
the
entire
field.Heretheprogram
withlarge-
field integrating
measurement
$ (see
p.221should
bechosen.
LEITZselective measurement
This method is used whenever
great
brightness
differencesoccur
in
the
entire
subject
anda certain
detail
is to be ex-
posed
accurately.
Sincethe measuring
field in the view-
finder is outlined
by the largecentral
circle, the importantimage detail is
measuredexactly.
The
measuring
fieldis
the
same
size
for
all
lensesand
allfocus-
ing screens and, therefore,
becomes
clearly
visiblein
the
vievufinder.
The programs
with selective
measure-
mentarecalled
@ and(D (see
pp.24and
26).
16
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Exposure
correction(override)
Exposuremetersare
calibrated
fora
mean
grey
value
corresponding
to the bright-
ness
ofan
ordinary
photographic
subject.
lf
thesubject
of
which
a reading is
taken
does not meet these requirements,
a
suitable
exposure
correction
must be
applied.Exposure
correctionsare used
particularly
with largefield
integrating
measurements.
With
selective
measurement,
arepresen-
tativedetail
ofaverage
grey
value
canbe
selected
from
the
entire
subjectforaread-
ing throughthe smallerand precisely
definedmeasuringfield.
Example
for corrections
"*": Withverybright
subjects,
suchas
snowscapes,
orthebeach,
theexposure
meter,
owingto the greater
reflection
of
the light,will indicate
a shutter
speed
which
is
too
high
andtherefore
produces
underexposure.The
shutter
speedmust
be
reduced,
forinstance
from
1/125to1/60
sec.with
the"+1"
correction.
"-": Withvery
dark
subjectswhichreflect
little
lightthe
exposuremeterwill
indicate
a shutterspeedwhich is too slowand
therefore
produces
overexposure.The
shutterspeed must be increased,
for
instancefrom
1/15
to1/30
sec.
with
the
"-1"
correction.
Pressthe locking
button
(11)
and
setthe
scale
(12)
tothe
desiredvalue.Thelocking
button
canbe
arrestedby
pressing
in
and
turning
totheleft.The
"0"
settingis
given
when
the lever
(12)
iscompletely
inside
the
corner
of
the
camera.Exposurevalues
to+/-2 stops in
1/3
stop
intervals
can
be
set.
At
theendvalues
oftheISO
(ASA/DIN)
scale,exposure
corrections
can be set
only
within
limitations.
Whenthe camera is switched
on, the
symbolp will blinkin
the
bottom
left-hand
cornerofthe
vieMinderwhen
acorrection
has
beenset.
17

Sensitivity
of the exposuremeter
The measuring
range with integrating
measurement
is O.25 cd/mzto 63
000
cd/mz
att/1.4.|n
exposure
values
(EV):
at
ISO1
0O/21o
from+1to
+1
9,or
t/1
.4/1
sec
lo t/22/tAooosec.The measuringrange
withselective
measurement
is1
cd/mz
to
63
000cd/mz
at
t/1.4.Inexposure
values
(EV):
atISO100/21o
from+3 to +19,or
tl1.4/1/qsec
tol/22/1Aooosec.
Measurement
withthe workingaperture
The 35
mm PA-CURTAGON-R
l/4, the
long-focal-length
lensesfrom400
mm,
the
focusingbellows-R,
theextender-R
2xlor
the LEICAFLEXSL/SL2 andthe 3-part
ring combination
have no automatic
diaphragmornocoupling
forit.Here
the
exposure
mustbe
measured
through
the
lensapertureused,
i.e.
throughthe
work-
ing aperture.
Herethe lensaperture
is
adjusted
to regulatetheamountof light
reaching
the
measuring
celloftheLEICA
R4sMOD.P.
Values
below
the measuringrange
The
measuring
range
ofthe
cameraused
for correct exposures
is linear.
Whenin
very
poor
lightthis
rangeisnot
reached,
theseconditions
nolongerapplyand
an
accurateexposurecan no longer be
determined.
Themeasuringvalues
indi-
cated
inthe
viewfinder
will
leadtowrong
results.A
warning
signal
is
therefore
given
bya constant
lighting
upoftheoverride
symbolp.
In
the
transitional
range
the
symbol
might
blink.
@
18
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Long-timerange
Theworking
range
oftheexposuremeter
oftheLEICA
R
4
s
MOD.P
dependsonthe
measuring
sensitivity
ofthephoto diode,
thefilm
speed
setting,and
the
speed
of
thelens.Thehighest
shutterspeedmea-
suredor determinedis 1/1000
sec,the
slowest
aboutBsec.Minordeviationsin
the
automatic
long-time
rangefrom
about
2secand longer
can
beignoredinprac-
tice.Intheviewfinder
the
shutterspeeds
from1/1000
secto"1
secorlonger" are
displayed.In additionan indication
ls
given
by the override
symbol
p when
themeasuring
rangeisnot
being
reached,
i.e.
ifacorrectexposureisimpossible.
When
thef/1.4lens is usedtheslowest
shutterspeed
to be measured
or deter-
mined
is:
ISO
800/30o: 1/8
sec
ISO
400/27o
:1/4 sec
f
SO
200/240
: 1/2 sec
lSO100/210:1sec
Because
asa rulehigh-speed
films
and
high-speed
lenses
are
used
in
poor
light-
ing
conditions
this
willhardly
impose
limi-
tations.Evenwhenthe lensis stopped
down 3 stops (with ISO 100/210)
the
shutterspeedwillstill
be
determinedauto-
matically
(although
itwillnot
beindicated).
Needless
tosay
measurements
canalso
becarried
out
atfull
aperture,
theshutter
speedmeasured
converted
for
adifferent
aperture
value,
and
theexposuremade
at
the
"8"
setting.
For
slowfilms
the
following
values
are
pro-
ducedin
thesameconditions:
ISO
50/18o:2 sec
lSO25/150:4sec
ISO12/120:8
sec
Heretheindication
is
"1secandlonger".
In practice
this is of hardly
any signi-
ficance,
becauseas
a
rule
long
timeexpo-
suresare
made
froma
tripod.
Whether
the
filmis
exposedtor
2,3,4,
or8seconds
is
practical
lyimmaterial.
19