Lexicon PCM 91 User manual

PCM 91
Digital Reverberator User Guide
A Harman International Company

UNPACKING AND INSPECTION After unpacking the PCM 91, save all packing materials in case you ever need to ship the unit. Thoroughly inspect the PCM 91 and packing materials for signs of damage. Report any shipment damage to the carrier at once; report equipment malfunction to your dealer. PRECAUTIONS Save these instructions for later use. Follow all instructions and warnings marked on the unit. Always use with the correct line voltage. Refer to the manufacturer's operating instructions for power requirements. Be advised that different operating voltages may require the use of a different line cord and/or attachment plug. Do not install the unit in an unventilated rack, or directly above heat producing equipment such as power amplifiers. Observe the maximum ambient operating temperature listed in the product specification. Slots and openings on the case are provided for ventilation; to ensure reliable operation and prevent it from overheating, these openings must not be blocked or covered. Never push objects of any kind through any of the ventilation slots. Never spill a liquid of any kind on the unit. This product is equipped with a 3-wire grounding type plug. This is a safety feature and should not be defeated. Never attach audio power amplifier outputs directly to any of the unit's connectors. To prevent shock or fire hazard, do not expose the unit to rain or moisture, or operate it where it will be exposed to water. Do not attempt to operate the unit if it has been dropped, damaged, exposed to liquids, or if it exhibits a distinct change in performance indicating the need for service. This unit should only be opened by qualified service personnel. Removing covers will expose you to hazardous voltages.
This triangle, which appears on your component,
alerts you to the presence of uninsulated,
dangerous voltage inside the enclosure -
voltage that may be sufficient to
constitute a risk of shock.
CAUTION
RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK
DO NOT OPEN
This triangle, which appears on your component,
alerts you to important operating and
maintenance instructions in this
accompanying literature.

A Harman International Company
Lexicon, Inc. 3 Oak Park Bedford, MA 01730-1441 USA Tel [phone] Fax [phone] www.lexicon.com Customer Support Tel [phone] Fax [phone] (Sales) Fax [phone] (Service) Lexicon Part No. 070-12662 | Rev 1 | 09/01
© 2001 Lexicon, Inc. All rights reserved. This document should not be construed as a commitment on the part of Lexicon, Inc. The information it contains is subject to change without notice. Lexicon, Inc. assumes no responsibility for errors that may appear within this document.
NOTICE This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and if not installed and used properly, that is, in strict accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, may cause interference to radio and television reception. It has been type tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B computing device in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC Rules, which are designated to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential installation. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment OFF and ON, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
Reorient the receiving antenna Relocate the computer with respect to the receiver Move the computer away from the receiver Plug the computer into a different outlet so that the computer and receiver are on different branch circuits.
If necessary, the user should consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television technician for additional suggestions. The user may find the following booklet prepared by the Federal Communications Commission helpful:
"How to identify and Resolve Radio/TV Interference Problems."
This booklet is available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402, Stock No. 004-000-00345-4. Le présent appareil numérique n'émet pas de bruits radioélectriques dépassant les limites applicables aux appareils numériques de la class B prescrites dans le Règlement sur le brouillage radioélectrique édicté par le ministère des Communications du Canada.

ii Introduction Lexicon
Introduction
Vigtig information om sikkerhed .....................................iv Tärkeitä turvallisuusohjeita...............................................iv Viktig informasjon om sikkerhet .......................................v Viktiga säkerhetsföreskrifter ..............................................v Wichtige Sicherheitsanweisungen....................................vi Instrucciones importantes de seguridad ..........................vi Instructions de Sûreté Importantes .................................vii Importanti norme di sicurezza ........................................vii
Section 1: Getting Started About the PCM 91....................................................................1-2
The Presets • Program Sorting • Soft Control • The Algorithms • Tempo Control • Editing • User Interface
Front Panel Overview ................................................................1-4 Rear Panel Overview..................................................................1-6 Block Diagram...........................................................................1-8 Installation Notes ......................................................................1-9
Mounting • Power Requirements • Audio Connections • Control Connections • Connectors • Setting Audio Levels • Configurations • Memory Cards
Section 2: Basic Operation Modes of Operation..................................................................2-2
Navigating a Matrix • Go or Pro • Info • History of Effects Loaded
Control Mode ...........................................................................2-5
Row 0 Audio • Row 1 System • Row 2 Card • Row 3 MIDI • Row 4 Setup • Row 5 Mapx • Row 6 Chain
Section 2: Basic Operation (continued)
Program and Register Banks....................................................2-17
Selecting Effects • Bank and Row Labels • Sorting Effects
Tempo Mode ..........................................................................2-20
The Tempo Mode Matrix • Row 0 Tempo • Row 1 Tap
Editing an Effect......................................................................2-22
The Soft Knob • The Soft Row • Compare • Bypass • Store Operations • The Full Edit Matrix • Patching • The Custom Row
Section 3: Algorithms and Parameters About the Algorithms................................................................3-2
Random Hall • Ambience • Rich Plate • Concert Hall • Chamber/Room
The Dual Reverb Algorithms......................................................3-9
The Reverb Blocks • Dual Mono Reverbs • Cascade Reverbs
The Parameters .......................................................................3-21
Compress • Controls • Custom • Delay • Design • Echo • Expand • Modulation • Patches • Reflect • Spatial EQ • Time
Section 4: Presets Overview...................................................................................4-2 Program Bank 0: Halls ...............................................................4-3
Orchestral • Vocal • Live Sound • Instrument • Custom
Program Bank 1: Rooms............................................................4-8
Instrument • Vocal • Live Sound • Drums&Perc • Custom
Program Bank 2: Plates............................................................4-14
Instrument • Vocal • Live Sound • Drums&Perc • Custom
Program Bank 3: Post..............................................................4-19
Indoor Small • Indoor Large • Outdoor • Spatial • Custom
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PCM 91
Section 4: Presets (continued) Program Bank 4: Splits ............................................................4-25
Mono • Stereo • Live Sound • Instrument • Custom
Program Bank 5: Studio ..........................................................4-31
Environments • Instruments • Vocal • Drums/Perc • Custom
Program Bank 6: Live ..............................................................4-37
Acoustic • Electric • Vocal • Drums/Perc • Custom
Program Bank 7: Post..............................................................4-43
Small Spaces • Medium Spaces • Large Spaces • Cool Places • Custom
Program Bank 8: Surround......................................................4-48
Small Spaces • Large Spaces • Unnatural FX • Custom • “Clean Slate” Presets
Section 5: MIDI Operation Selecting a MIDI Channel..........................................................5-2 Accessing Programs and Registers.............................................5-2 Controlling Tempo Rate with MIDI Clock ..................................5-3
MIDI Tempo Control • Using the PCM 91 as a MIDI Clock Source • Slaving Two or More PCM 91s
Controller Quirks.......................................................................5-4 The ADJUST Knob, Custom Controls, Foot Pedal, Foot SW1, and Foot SW 2 as MIDI Controllers ..................................................5-4
Controlling the Soft Knob with MIDI • Controlling the Soft Knob with a Foot Pedal
Program Change Messages .......................................................5-5 Automation...............................................................................5-6
SysEx Automation • Controller Automation • Reset All Controllers • MIDI Clock and Clock Commands • PCM 90 Compatibility • Dynamic MIDI
Bulk Data Dumps ......................................................................5-8 MIDI Implementation Chart ......................................................5-8
Section 6: Troubleshooting Low Voltage ..............................................................................6-2 Overheating..............................................................................6-2 Common MIDI Problems...........................................................6-2 Operational Problems................................................................6-2
No Digital Audio Output • No Effects Output
Power On Behavior ...................................................................6-3 Restoring Factory Default Settings.............................................6-3 Reinitialization...........................................................................6-4 Appendix Specifications ............................................................................A-2 Declaration of Conformity.........................................................A-4

iv Introduction Lexicon
DANSK
VIGTIG INFORMATION OM SIKKERHED
Gem denne vejledning til senere brug. Følg alle anvisninger og advarsler på apparatet. Apparatet skal altid tilsluttes den korrekte spænding. Der henvises til brugsanvisningen, der indeholder specifikationer for strømforsyning. Der gøres opmærksom på, at ved varierende driftsspændinger kan det blive nødvendigt at bruge andre lednings- og/eller stiktyper. Apparatet må ikke monteres i et kabinet uden ventilation eller lige over andet udstyr, der udvikler varme, f.eks. forstærkere. Den maksimale omgivelsestemperatur ved drift, der står opført i specifikationerne, skal overholdes. Der er ventilationsåbninger i kabinettet. For at sikre apparatets drift og hindre overophedning må disse åbninger ikke blokeres eller tildækkes. Stik aldrig noget ind igennem ventilationsåbningerne, og pas på aldrig at spilde nogen form for væske på apparatet. Dette apparat er forsynet med et stik med jordforbindelse. Denne sikkerhedsforanstaltning må aldrig omgås. Udgangsstik fra audioforstærkere må aldrig sættes direkte i apparatet. Apparatet må ikke udsættes for regn eller fugt og må ikke bruges i nærheden af vand for at undgå risiko for elektrisk stød og brand. Apparatet må aldrig bruges, hvis det er blevet stødt, beskadiget eller vådt, eller hvis ændringer i ydelsen tyder på, at det trænger til eftersyn. Dette apparat må kun åbnes af fagfolk. Hvis dækslet tages af, udsættes man for livsfarlig højspænding.
Denne mærkat på komponenten advarer om uisoleret, farlig spænding i apparatet ... høj nok til at give elektrisk stød. Denne mærkat på komponenten advarer om vigtig drifts- og vedligeholdsinformation i den tilhørende litteratur.
SUOMI
TÄRKEITÄ TURVALLISUUSOHJEITA
Säilytä nämä ohjeet tulevaa käyttöä varten. Seuraa kaikkia yksikköön merkittyjä ohjeita ja varoituksia. Käytä aina oikeaa verkkojännitettä. Tehovaatimukset selviävät valmistajan käyttöohjeista. Huomaa, että eri käyttöjännitteet saattavat vaatia toisenlaisen verkkojohdon ja/tai -pistokkeen käytön. Älä asenna yksikköä telineeseen jossa ei ole tuuletusta, tai välittömästi lämpöä tuottavien laitteiden, esim. tehovahvistimien, yläpuolelle. Ympäristön lämpötila käytössä ei saa ylittää tuotespesifikaation maksimilämpötilaa. Kotelo on varustettu tuuletusreiillä ja -aukoilla. Luotettavan toiminnan varmistamiseksi ja ylilämpenemisen välttämiseksi näitä aukkoja ei saa sulkea tai peittää. Mitään esineitä ei saa työntää tuuletusaukkoihin. Mitään nesteitä ei saa kaataa yksikköön. Tuote on varustettu 3-johtimisella maadoitetulla verkkopistokkeella. Tämä on turvallisuustoiminne eikä sitä saa poistaa. Älä kytke audiotehovahvistimen lähtöjä suoraan mihinkään yksikön liittimeen. Sähköiskun ja palovaaran välttämiseksi yksikkö ei saa olla sateessa tai kosteassa, eikä sitä saa käyttää märässä ympäristössä. Älä käytä yksikköä jos se on pudonnut, vaurioitunut, kostunut, tai jos sen suorituskyky on huomattavasti muuttunut, mikä vaatii huoltoa. Yksikön saa avata vain laitteeseen perehtynyt huoltohenkilö. Kansien poisto altistaa sinut vaarallisille jännitteille.
Tämä kolmio, joka esiintyy komponentissasi, varoittaa sinua eristämättömän vaarallisen jännitteen esiintymisestä yksikön sisällä. Tämä jännite saattaa olla riittävän korkea aiheuttamaan sähköiskuvaaran. Tämä kolmio, joka esiintyy komponentissasi, kertoo sinulle, että tässä tuotedokumentoinnissa esiintyy tärkeitä käyttö- ja ylläpito-ohjeita.
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Introduction
PCM 91
NORSK
VIKTIG INFORMASJON OM SIKKERHET
Ta vare på denne veiledningen for senere bruk. Følg alle anvisningene og advarslene som er angitt på apparatet. Apparatet skal alltid anvendes med korrekt spenning. Produktbeskrivelsen inneholder spesifikasjoner for strømkrav. Vær oppmerksom på at det ved ulike driftsspenninger kan være nødvendig å bruke en annen ledning- og/eller støpseltype. Apparatet skal ikke monteres i skap uten ventilasjon, eller direkte over varmeproduserende utstyr, som for eksempel kraftforsterkere. Den maksimale romtemperaturen som står oppgitt i produktbeskrivelsen, skal overholdes. Apparatet er utstyrt med ventilasjonsåpninger. For at apparatet skal være pålitelig i bruk og ikke overopphetes, må disse åpningene ikke blokkeres eller tildekkes. Stikk aldri noe inn i ventilasjonsåpningene, og pass på at det aldri søles noen form for væske på apparatet. Dette apparatet er utstyrt med et jordet støpsel. Dette er en sikkerhetsforanstaltning som ikke må forandres. Utgangsplugger fra audioforsterkere skal aldri koples direkte til apparatet. Unngå brannfare og elektrisk støt ved å sørge for at apparatet ikke utsettes for regn eller fuktighet og ikke anvendes i nærheten av vann. Apparatet skal ikke brukes hvis det har blitt utsatt for støt, er skadet eller blitt vått, eller hvis endringer i ytelsen tyder på at det trenger service. Dette apparatet skal kun åpnes av fagfolk. Hvis dekselet fjernes, utsettes man for livsfarlig høyspenning.
Komponenten er merket med denne trekanten, som er en advarsel om at det finnes uisolert, farlig spenning inne i kabinettet ... høy nok til å utgjøre en fare for elektrisk støt. Komponenten er merket med denne trekanten, som betyr at den tilhørende litteraturen inneholder viktige opplysninger om drift og vedlikehold.
SVENSKA
VIKTIGA SÄKERHETSFÖRESKRIFTER
Spara dessa föreskrifter för framtida bruk. Följ alla anvisningar och varningar som anges på enheten. Använd alltid rätt nätspänning. Se tillverkarens bruksanvisningar för information om effektkrav. Märkväl, att andra matningsspänningar eventuellt kräver att en annan typs nätsladd och/eller kontakt används. Installera inte enheten i ett oventilerat stativ, eller direkt ovanför utrustningar som avger värme, t ex effektförstärkare. Se till att omgivningens temperatur vid drift inte överskrider det angivna värdet i produktspecifikationen. Behållaren är försedd med hål och öppningar för ventilering. För att garantera tillförlitlig funktion och förhindra överhettning får dessa öppningar inte blockeras eller täckas. Inga föremål får skuffas in genom ventilationshålen. Inga vätskor får spillas på enheten. Produkten är försedd med en jordad 3-trådskontakt. Detta är en säkerhetsfunktion som inte får tas ur bruk. Anslut aldrig audioeffektförstärkarutgångar direkt till någon av enhetens kontakter. För att undvika elstöt eller brandfara får enheten inte utsättas för regn eller fukt, eller användas på ställen där den blir våt. Använd inte enheten om den har fallit i golvet, skadats, blivit våt, eller om dess prestanda förändrats märkbart, vilket kräver service. Enheten får öppnas endast av behörig servicepersonal. Farliga spänningar blir tillgängliga när locken tas bort.
Denna triangel, som visas på din komponent, varnar dig om en oisolerad farlig spänning inne i enheten. Denna spänning är eventuellt så hög att fara för elstöt föreligger. Denna triangel, som visas på din komponent, anger att viktiga bruksanvisningar och serviceanvisningar ingår i dokumentationen i fråga.
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vi Introduction Lexicon
DEUTSCH
WICHTIGE SICHERHEITSANWEISUNGEN
Heben Sie sich diese Sicherheitsanweisungen auch für später auf. Befolgen Sie alle auf der Vorrichtung stehenden Anweisungen und Warnungen. Immer nur mit der richtigen Spannung verwenden! Die ebrauchsanweisungen des Herstellers informieren Sie über die elektrischen Anforderungen. Vergessen Sie nicht daß bei verschiedenen Betriebsspannungen ggf. auch verschiedene Leitungskabel und/oder Verbindungsstecker zu verwenden sind. Stellen Sie die Vorrichtung nicht in ein unbelüftetes Gestell oder unmittelbar über wärmeerzeugende Geräte wie z.B. Tonverstärker. Halten Sie die in den Produktspezifikationen angegebene maximale Umgebungstemperatur bei Betrieb ein. Schlitze und Öffnungen im Gehäuse dienen der Belüfung; um verläßlichen Betrieb sicherzustellen und Überheizen zu vermeiden dürfen diese Öffnungen nich verstopft oder abgedeckt werden. Stecken Sie nie irgend einen Gegenstand durch die Belüftungsschlitze. Vergießen Sie keine Flüssigkeiten auf den Apparat. Dieses Produkt is mit einem 3-drahtigen Erdungsstecker ausgerüstet. Diese Sicherheitsmaßnahme darf nicht unwirksam gemacht werden. Schließen Sie nie Tonverstärker unmittelbar an einen Anschluß des Apparates an. Um elektrischen Schlag oder Feuer zu vermeiden, setzen Sie den Apparat weder Regen noch Feuchtigkeit aus und betreiben Sie ihn nicht dort wo Wasser eindringen könnte. Versuchen Sie nicht den Apparat zu betreiben falls er fallen gelassen, beschädigt, oder Flüssigkeiten ausgesetzt wurde, oder falls sich seine Arbeitsweise derart ändert daß daraus ein Bedarf nach Raparatur zu schließen ist. Dieser Apparat sollte nur von qualifizierten Fachleuten geöffnet werden. Das Abnehmen von Abdeckungen setzt Sie gefährlichen Spannungen aus.
Dieses Dreieck auf Ihrem Apparat warnt Sie vor nicht-isolierter, gefährlicher Spannung im Gehäuse ... stark genug um eine Berührungsgefahr darzustellen. Dieses Dreieck auf Ihrem Apparat bedeutet daß wichtige Betriebs- und Wartungsanweisungen in der mitgelieferten Dokumentation zu finden sind.
ESPAÑOL
INSTRUCCIONES IMPORTANTES
DE SEGURIDAD
Guarde esta instrucciones para uso posterior. Utilice siempre el voltaje correcto. Diríjase a las instrucciones de operación del fabricante para obtener las especificaciones de potencia. Esté al tanto de que voltajes de operación distintos requieren el uso de cables y/o enchufes distintos. No instale esta unidad en un estante sin ventilación, ni tampoco directamente encima de equipos que generen calor tales como amplificadores de potencia. Fíjese en las temperaturas ambientales máximas de operación que se mencionan en las especificaciones del producto. Las aperturas y ranuras del chasis sirven para proveer la ventilación necesaria para operar la unidad con seguridad y para prevenir sobrecalentamiento, y por lo tanto no pueden ser obstruidas o cubiertas. No introduzca objetos de ningún tipo a través de las ranuras de ventilación, y nunca deje caer ningún líquido sobre la unidad. Este producto está equipado con un enchufe de 3 clavijas con conexión a tierra. Éste es un elemento de seguridad que no debe ser eliminado. Nunca conecte ningún tipo de salida de amplificadores de sonido directamente a los conectores de la unidad. Para prevenir descargas eléctricas o incendios, mantenga la unidad alejada de la lluvia, humedad o cualquier lugar en el que pueda entrar en contacto con agua. No trate de hacer funcionar la unidad si se ha caído, está dañada, ha entrado en contacto con líquidos, o si nota cualquier cambio brusco en su funcionamiento que indique la necesidad de hacerle un servicio de mantenimiento. Esta unidad deberá ser abierta únicamente por personal calificado. Si usted quita las coberturas se expondrá a voltajes peligrosos.
Este triángulo que aparece en su componente le advierte sobre la existencia dentro del chasis de voltajes peligrosos sin aislantes ... voltajes que son lo suficientemente grandes como para causar electrocución. Este triángulo que aparece en su componente lo alerta sobre las instrucciones de operación y mantenimiento importantes que están en los materiales de lectura que se incluyen.
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PCM 91
FRANÇAIS
INSTRUCTIONS DE SÛRETÉ IMPORTANTES
Gardez ces instructions pour réference future. Observez toutes les instructions et tous les avertissements marqués sur l’appareil. Branchez uniquements sur un réseau de tension indiquée. Consultez le manuel d’instruction du fabriquant pour les spécifications de courant. N’oubliez pas que différentes tensions peuvent nécessiter l’utilisation de cables et/ou de fiches de connexion différents. N’installez pas l’appareil en un compartiment non-aéré ou directement au-dessus d’équipements générateurs de chaleur, tels qu’amplificateurs de courants, etc. Ne dépassez pas la température ambiante maximale de fonctionnement indiquée dans les spécifications du produit. Des fentes et ouvertures sont prévues dans le boîtier pour l’aération; Pour assurer le bon fonctionnement et pour prévenir l’échauffement, ces ouvertures ne doivent pas être couvertes ou bloquées. N’insérez pas d’objets dans les fentes d’aération. Empêchez tout liquide de se répandre sur l’appareil. Ce produit est muni d’une fiche à trois fils pour la mise à terre. Ceci est une mesure de sécurité et ne doit pas être contrariée. Ne connectez jamais d’amplificateurs audio directement aux connecteurs de l’appareil. Pour empêcher les chocs électriques et le danger d’incendie, évitez d’exposer l’appareil à la pluie ou à l’humidité, et ne le mettez pas en marche en un endroit où il serait exposé aux éclaboussures d’eau. N’essayez pas de faire fonctionner l’appareil s’il est tombé à terre, a été endommangé, exposé à un liquide, ou si vous observez des différences nettes dans son fonctionnement, indiquant la nécessité de réparations. Cet appareil ne doit être ouvert que par un personnel de service qualifié. En enlevant les couvercles vous vous exposez à des tensions électriques dangereuses.
Ce triangle, sur votre appareil vous avertit de la présence de tension dangereuse, non-isolée à l’intérieur du boîtier...une tension suffisante pour représenter un danger d’électrocution. Ce triangle sur sur votre appareil vous invite de suivre d’importantes instructions d’utilisation et d’entretien dans la documentation livrée avec le produit.
ITALIANO
IMPORTANTI NORME DI SICUREZZA
Conservare le presenti norme per l’utilizzo futuro. Osservare tutte le istruzioni e le avvertenze apposte sull’unità. Utilizzare esclusivamente con la tensione di rete corretta. Consultare le istruzioni operative fornite dal fabbricante per i dati riguardanti la tensione e l’assorbimento di corrente. Potrebbe essere necessario l’uso di cavi di rete e/o di spine diverse a seconda della tensione utilizzata. Non installare l’unità in uno scaffale privo di ventilazione oppure direttamente sopra una fonte di calore, come, ad esempio, un amplificatore. Non superare la temperatura ambientale massima di funzionamento riportata nei dati tecnici del prodotto. Le fessure e le altre aperture nella scatola servono alla ventilazione. Per un funzionamento affidabile, e per evitare un eventuale surriscaldamento, queste aperture non vanno ostruite o coperte in nessun modo. Evitare in tutti i casi di inserire oggetti di qualsiasi genere attraverso le fessure di ventilazione. Non versare mai del liquido di nessun tipo sull’unità. Questo prodotto viene fornito con una spina a 3 fili con massa. Tale dispositivo di sicurezza non va eliminato. Evitare sempre di collegare le uscite dell’amplificatore audio direttamente ai connettori dell’unità. Per prevenire il pericolo di folgorazione e di incendio non esporre l’unità alla pioggia o ad un’umidità eccessiva; evitare di adoperare l’unità dove potrebbe entrare in contatto con acqua. Evitare di adoperare l’unità se la stessa è stata urtata violentemente, se ha subito un danno, se è stata esposta ad un liquido o in caso di un evidente cambiamento delle prestazioni che indichi la necessità di un intervento di assistenza tecnica. Ogni intervento sull’unità va eseguito esclusivamente da personale qualificato. La rimozione della copertura comporta l’esposizione al pericolo di folgorazione.
Il presente triangolo impresso sul componente avverte della presenza di tensioni pericolose non isolate all’interno della copertura... tali tensioni rappresentano un pericolo di folgorazione Il presente triangolo impresso sul componente avverte l’utente della presenza nella documentazione allegata di importanti istruzioni relative al funzionamento ed alla manutenzione.
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Getting Started
1
About the PCM 91........................................................................1-2
The Presets • Program Sorting • Soft Control • The Algorithms • Tempo Control • Editing • User Interface
Front Panel Overview....................................................................1-4 Rear Panel Overview .....................................................................1-6 Block Diagram ..............................................................................1-8 Installation Notes ..........................................................................1-9
Mounting • Power Requirements • Audio Connections • Control Connections • Connectors • Setting Audio Levels • Configurations • Memory Cards

1-2 Getting Started Lexicon
ABOUT THE PCM 91 Thank you for your purchase of the PCM 91 Digital Reverberator. The PCM 91 gives you Lexicon's renowned high-end reverb effects with a powerful new interface that provides easy access to superbly crafted presets as well as a wealth of programming capabilities for the sound designer. THE PRESETS The PCM 91 contains a built-in library of 450 reverb effects that simulate realistic halls, rooms and plates, and let you create completely natural, or other-worldly spaces. The presets are organized into 9 Banks of 50, and are functionally grouped for different applications. Be sure to experiment with all 450 presets to get a feel for the full range of PCM 91 capabilities.
PROGRAM SORTING A program sorting function allows you to tag programs with KeyWords and display only programs which have been tagged. (Press Program Banks or Register Banks repeatedly to step through all available banks and then to the KeyWord display.) The default KeyWord selection, A to Z, allows you to view all of the presets in alphabetical order. Others allow you to view, for example, only Acoustic or Spatial effects. Each preset has already been assigned from 1 to 4 KeyWords — you can easily change these assignments in Edit mode. The selection of the KeyWord you want to use for sorting is accessed in Control mode. SOFT CONTROL Each preset has one or more of its parameters patched to the front panel ADJUST knob, giving you instant control over the primary aspect of the effect — without going into Edit mode. As many as four additional Custom Controls can be created for any effect, allowing you to tailor presets for specific applications. We've created some interesting Custom Controls in the presets, and assigned them descriptive names. You can change both the parameter assignments and the names in Edit mode. THE ALGORITHMS The PCM 91 uses 5 stereo algorithms to create different types of reverb effects and 10 Dual Reverb algorithms which offer superb dual reverb and cascade configured stereo effects. Each single algorithm includes an uncompromised stereo reverb effect with selected "tools" for ambience, post-processing, compression/ expansion, as well as modulation and patching parameters which are common to each algorithm. Each dual algorithm contains two independent reverb blocks, as well as the full set of modulation and patch features in the single effects.
Bank P0 Halls 0.0-0.9 Orchestral 1.0-1.9 Vocal 2.0-2.9 Live Sound 3.0-3.9 Instrument 4.0-4.9 Custom
Bank P1 Rooms 0.0-0.9 Instrument 1.0-1.9 Vocal 2.0-2.9 Live Sound 3.0-3.9 Drums&Perc 4.0-4.9 Custom
Bank P2 Plates 0.0-0.9 Instrument 1.0-1.9 Vocal 2.0-2.9 Live Sound 3.0-3.9 Drums&Perc 4.0-4.9 Custom
Bank P3 Post 0.0-0.9 Indoor Small 1.0-1.9 Indoor Large 2.0-2.9 Outdoor 3.0-3.9 Spatial 4.0-4.9 Custom
Bank P4 Splits 0.0-0.9 Mono 1.0-1.9 Stereo 2.0-2.9 Live Sound 3.0-3.9 Instrument 4.0-4.9 Custom
Bank P5 Studio 0.0-0.9 Environments 1.0-1.9 Instruments 2.0-2.9 Vocal 3.0-3.9 Drums/Perc 4.0-4.9 Custom
Bank P6 Live 0.0-0.9 Acoustic 1.0-1.9 Electric 2.0-2.9 Vocal 3.0-3.9 Drums/Perc 4.0-4.9 Custom
Bank P7 Post 0.0-0.9 Small Spaces 1.0-1.9 Med Spaces 2.0-2.9 Large Spaces 3.0-3.9 Cool Places 4.0-4.9 Custom
Bank P8 Surround 0.0-0.9 Small Spaces 1.0-1.9 Large Spaces 2.0-2.9 Unnatural FX 3.0-3.9 Custom 4.0-4.9 “Clean Slate”

1-3
Getting Started
PCM 91
TEMPO CONTROL The PCM 91 gives you a unique set of tempo controls.Tempos can be tapped in with the front panel Tap button (or an assigned controller) or “dialed-in”, in BPM (beats per minute) on the display. The PCM 91 also lets you generate MIDI clock from your tempo, as well as receive MIDI tempo from an external sequencer or drum machine. In the PCM 91, tempo can control LFO speeds and Time Switch controls, as well as all delay parameters, ensuring that all of your modulations are in tempo with your music. You can even set independent rhythmic values for different parameters within a single program. Tempo can be set and displayed in either rhythmic value or time values. Many presets have delay times assigned to Tap tempo. Try loading some of these and pressing Tap twice in rhythm to change tempo. EDITING An enormous range of editing control is provided for each algorithm, with parameters organized in an edit matrix. In addition to providing this powerful sound design capability, the PCM 91 also allows you to customize these controls for your day-to-day editing needs, or to use a subset of controls specially designed for each preset. The PCM 91 has two levels of Edit Mode control called Go mode and Pro mode. In Go mode, the most useful parameters within an effect are grouped for instant access via the front panel Edit button. Parameters can even be grouped for control by a single master control. These master parameters, called Custom Controls, can be labeled with names that describe their function. Each preset has a specially selected set of Go mode parameters which let you make value changes to the effect without losing the character of the
sound. Pro mode gives you access to the full parameter editing matrix for the algorithm of any loaded effect when you press Edit. In this mode, you can access a complete set of Modulation and Patching parameters, create your own ADJUST knob patch, create Custom Controls, and assign your own Go mode parameters. A unique Patching and Modulation system provides unprecedented control over your effects, with a versatile set of internal modulators: two LFOs, AR Envelope, Envelope Follower, Latch and Time Switches, MIDI Delay and Sample and Hold. These allow you to create modulation sweeps which move in time with music, or animated effects. You can create as many as 10 patches per effect, each with as many as 8 pivot points. You can patch multiple parameters to a single controller, or patch multiple sources to a single destination.
USER INTERFACE For all of its programming power and flexibility, you’ll find the PCM 91 simple to use. The large, 2-line fluorescent display is easy to see from any angle whether the surroundings are bright or dark. Separate SELECT and ADJUST knobs make program loading and editing quick and easy. We’ve even designed in a special Info mode — press and hold any button to find out what its function is, or to get status information such as the name of the running effect, current tempo rate, etc. To get the most out of the PCM 91, we suggest that you invest the time to explore this manual. We think you’ll agree that the time spent investigating will reward you with enjoyment of its full capabilities.

1-4 Getting Started Lexicon
1. Headroom
Five-position indicator for analog and digital signal levels and overload conditions.
2. INPUT
Adjusts analog input level.
3. Display
Two rows of 20 alphanumeric characters display effect names and ID numbers, and parameter names and values.
4. ADJUST
In Edit mode, changes values of parameters chosen with SELECT. With Program Banks or Register Banks selected, behaves as a soft knob for patched parameters.
5. SELECT
Scrolls through presets, registers or parameters. With Program Bank or Register Bank selected, scrolls through the 50 programs in the selected bank, then begins scrolling through the programs in the next bank. With Edit selected, scrolls through matrix parameters.
6. Up/Down
Press to move up and down through program and register banks, or a parameter matrix.
7. Program Banks
Enables selection of factory presets. Press repeatedly to cycle selection of 5 internal preset banks and a KeyWord sorted display. Press and hold to display the name and algorithm of the current program.
FRONT PANEL OVERVIEW
HEADROOM
DIGITAL REVERBERATOR
ADJUST
PCM 91
0dB
6
12 18 24
010
INPUT SELECT POWER
Up
Program
Banks
Register
Banks Edit Control Tempo
Down Load Compare Bypass Tap
❊
Store Memory Card
Eject
HALLS: Orchestral P0 0.0 Deep Blue
1 2
3
4 5 6
6 8 10 12 14 16
7 9 11 13 15 18
17

1-5
Getting Started
PCM 91
8. Load/✱
In Program or Register mode, loads the selected program. In Edit mode, scrolls through any multi-field parameter.
9. Register Banks
Enables selection of user memory. If a RAM card is loaded into the Memory Card slot, each press of this button selects a new register bank. Press and hold to display the name and algorithm of the current program.
10. Store
Initiates register store function.
11. Edit
Enables parameter selection for editing of values.
12. Compare
Active in Program, Register, and Edit modes. Press to compare the active version of the current effect with the most recently stored version.
13. Control
Enables selection of system and global parameters.
14. Bypass
Bypasses or mutes audio, depending on the setting of each program's bypass parameter.
15. Tempo
Press to display tempo rate and to initiate tempo functions. LED flashes in time with current tempo rate.
16. Tap
Sets tempo. Press twice in rhythm to establish tempo rate. Press once to reset LFO.
17. Memory Card
Slot for optional preset ROM or register RAM cards. Press Eject button to remove card.
18. POWER
On/Off.

1-6 Getting Started Lexicon
1. AC Power
Standard 3-pin IEC power connector. 100-240V, 50-60Hz automatic switching to correct voltage range.
2. MIDI IN
Receives MIDI information from other MIDI equipment such as master keyboard controllers, MIDI foot controllers, sequencers and synthesizers. MIDI THRU Passes received MIDI data without change. MIDI OUT Transmits MIDI data to other equipment.
3. AES/EBU and S/PDIF Inputs
AES/EBU format digital connectors conform to AES professional standards. S/PDIF format digital connectors conform to CP-340 Type II and IEC-958 consumer standards. Only one of these options (AES or S/PDIF) may be selected for input.
4. FOOTSWITCH
A 1/4” Tip/Ring/Sleeve phone jack for two independent momentary footswitches.
5. FOOT CONTROLLER
1/4" Tip/Ring/Sleeve phone jack provided for footpedal with 10kΩto 100Ωimpedance.
REAR PANEL OVERVIEW
FOOT
SWITCH L
R
IN
MIDI AES/EBU
THRU OUT
OUT IN
FOOT
CONTROLLER BALANCED OUTPUTS
INPUTSBALANCED
INPUT
LEVEL
L
R
S/PDIF
IN
OUT
UNBAL
-20dB
0dB
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH PUSH
PUSH
1 5
2
3
6
4 8
7

1-7
Getting Started
PCM 91
6. BALANCED OUTPUTS
Output impedance is 105Ω, balanced, and levels up to +18dBu maximum full scale. 1/4" phone connectors and XLRs provided. Both S/PDIF and AES outputs are active at all times.
7. BALANCED INPUTS
Combined 3 pole XLR and 1/4" jacks, electronically balanced. Input impedance is 50kΩunbalanced, and 100kΩbalanced.
Inputs accept input levels from -22dBu to +20dBu.
8. INPUT LEVEL
Two-position (In/Out) switch for matching input gain to the source being used. In position adds 20dB of input gain (unbal- anced) to the input stages. Out position provides 0dB of gain (balanced).
TIP RING SLEEVE
Tip Sleeve
Ring PEDAL
10-100K
Typical Pot(entiometer)
TipSleeve Ring
TIP RING SLEEVE
Tip Sleeve
Ring
Footswitch 2
Footswitch 1
TIP RING SLEEVE
Tip Sleeve
Ring
+ – Ground (Shield)
Balanced I/O

1-8 Getting Started Lexicon
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Left Output
Right Output
Left Input
Input
Level
Power
Supply
+ 5V + 15 - 15
MIDI IN
A/D L/R
L/R L/R
Headroom
EFFECTS
Overload
-10dBu/+4dBu
D/A
100-240V
50-60 Hz
BAL/UNBAL
0dB +20dB
Right Input
Footswitch
Foot Controller
CPU
Control Data
Soft
Knob
Keys
LEDs
Display
PCMCIA
Memory
Card
MIDI OUT MIDI THRU
Mix L/R
L/R
Analog
Digital
Digital Audio
Receiver
S/PDIF In
AES/EBU In
S/PDIF Out
AES Out
Digital Audio
Transmitter
Digital Audio
Transmitter

1-9
Getting Started
PCM 91
INSTALLATION NOTES MOUNTING The PCM 91 uses one EIA-standard rack space, and can be mount- ed on any level surface or in a standard 19 inch (483 mm) rack. If the PCM 91 is mounted in a rack or road case, support the rear of the chassis to prevent possible damage from mechanical shock and vibration. The maximum ambient operating temperature is 104°F (40°C).
Provide adequate ventilation if the PCM 91 is mounted in a closed rack with heat-producing equipment such as power amplifiers.
POWER REQUIREMENTS The PCM 91 is equipped with a 3-pin IEC power connector and detachable cord. The PCM 91 will operate with power sources from 100 to 240 volts AC, 50-60Hz. Power switching to actual line voltage is automatic. AUDIO CONNECTIONS Analog Audio For best performance, maintain balanced connections, and use high-quality, low-capacitance, twisted-shielded pair cable. When connecting to single-ended, unbalanced devices, connect the low side to signal ground at the unbalanced piece of equipment. Output level does not change when connected to an unbalanced input.
Mono Applications Use a Y-connector inserted at the analog inputs and outputs to have the signal summed to mono.
Note: Be careful to keep input and output to all channels wired consistently. Out-of-phase wiring can produce audible effects.
Digital Audio S/PDIF (CP-340 Type II) Consumer Digital Audio I/O. 75Ωcoaxial cable suited for digital audio or video signals is required. Audio grade cable is not suitable. AES/EBU connections require balanced connections using high quality, low capacitance, controlled impedance, data communication, twisted-shielded pair cable. Microphone cable may introduce a significant amount of jitter into the signal, causing distortion. CONTROL CONNECTIONS Dual Footswitch/Foot Controller One 1/4 inch T/R/S phone jack is provided for 2 momentary footswitches. Another 1/4 inch T/R/S phone jack is provided for a footpedal (minimum 100Ωto maximum 10kΩimpedance). Normally open or normally closed momentary switches are suitable. At power on, the PCM 91 assumes the switch is off. Use shielded, twisted-pair cable with shield connected to sleeve. See diagram on page 1-7.

1-10 Getting Started Lexicon
CONTROL CONNECTIONS (continued) MIDI Five-pin DIN connectors are provided for MIDI IN, THRU and OUT. Use standard 5-pin DIN MIDI cable assemblies, available from your local dealer. CONNECTORS
Mating
Signal Connector Description L and R Analog XLR A3M Active balanced, pin 2 high Audio Input +2dBu min; +20dBu max
at 0dB setting
L and R Analog XLR A3F Active balanced, pin 2 high Audio Output -2dBu to +18dBu
at full scale output
AES/EBU XLR A3M Balanced RS-422
Digital Input pin 2 high AES/EBU XLR A3F Balanced RS-422 Digital Output pin 2 high S/PDIF 1/4" EIAJ Consumer Digital CP-340 Type II Audio Format Consumer Digital tip high Audio Input and Output MIDI In 5-pin DIN Standard MIDI Interface MIDI Out MIDI Thru
SETTING AUDIO LEVELS The PCM 91, with both analog and digital input and output connections, requires some attention to proper setting of signal level. Analog inputs are first gain-conditioned by the rear panel input gain switch, and then by the front panel INPUT knob. Proper setting of both the switch and knob are important for best performance of the A/D converter. Analog and the selected digital sources are selected in Control mode (0.0 Audio Input Source). The selections are: 44.1, 48, Ext: XLR and Ext: Coax.
2 = high
3 = low
1 = ground
1 = ground
3 = low
2 = high
Female
Male
Pin 2 high by convention

1-11
Getting Started
PCM 91
Proper setting of Input level on the PCM 91 is dependent on: • Proper signal level into the analog front end to avoid signals
causing overload at the DSP input (rear panel Input Level button),
• Proper adjustment of the signal level into the analog-to-digital
converter to optimize noise and avoid overload (front panel INPUT knob),
• Proper setting of signal level into the digital signal processor to
optimize noise (InLvl parameter in each algorithm).
Headroom Display
The headroom display provides both headroom and overload information from a variety of measurement points. The meters display analog or digital input data, depending on the selected Audio Input Source (Control mode 0.0).
The chart below illustrates the adjustment range that will set input levels for both balanced and unbalanced operation.When a choice can be made, it is best to operate at the higher amplitude end of the recommended range to optimize noise performance.
Unbalanced Balanced
overload: >+20dBu >0dBu
acceptable: +20dBu to -2dBu 0dBu to -22dBu
too low (noisy): <-2dBu <-22dBu
Overload The 0db (overload) indicators will light under the following conditions: • A/D overload • Overload at any point in effects processing • Input level within 1dB of maximum For example, level buildup from certain reverberation modes can result in overload, even when the input A/D or digital receiver data stream is not at full scale. Such conditions are most often caused by a combination of extreme parameter settings. Adjusting parameter/level settings can eliminate these overload conditions. Selecting a Digital Input Source 1. Press Control. 2. Press Up or Down until the left-most digit in the lower left-
hand corner of the display is 0.
3. Turn SELECT to 0.0 Word Clock, and turn ADJUST to display
Ext: XLR or Ext: Coax, depending on the input you are using.
HEADROOM
0dB
6
12 18 24
010
INPUT