Lincoln Electric Stick Electrode Welding C2.410 User manual

STICK ELECTRODE
WELDING GUIDE
Procedures and Techniques

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Customer Assistance Policy
The business of The Lincoln Electric Company is manufacturing
and selling high quality welding equipment, consumables, and
cutting equipment. Our challenge is to meet the needs of our
customers and to exceed their expectations. On occasion, pur-
chasers may ask Lincoln Electric for advice or information about
their use of our products. We respond to our customers based on
the best information in our possession at that time. Lincoln
Electric is not in a position to warrant or guarantee such advice,
and assumes no liability, with respect to such information or
advice. We expressly disclaim any warranty of any kind, includ-
ing any warranty of fitness for any customer’s particular purpose,
with respect to such information or advice. As a matter of practi-
cal consideration, we also cannot assume any responsibility for
updating or correcting any such information or advice once it has
been given, nor does the provision of information or advice cre-
ate, expand or alter any warranty with respect to the sale of our
products.
Lincoln Electric is a responsive manufacturer, but the selection
and use of specific products sold by Lincoln Electric is solely with-
in the control of, and remains the sole responsibility of the cus-
tomer. Many variables beyond the control of Lincoln Electric
affect the results obtained in applying this type of fabrication
methods and service requirements.
Subject to Change – This information is accurate to the best of
our knowledge at the time of printing. Please refer to
www.lincolnelectric.com for any updated information.

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Welding Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-34
Out-of-Position Welding
(Vertical and Overhead) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-7
High Deposition Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-15
Welding Inclined Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-17
High Speed Welding (Sheet Metal) . . . . . . . . . . .18-23
Low Hydrogen Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24-34
Minimum Preheat and Interpass Temperatures . . . .35
Stick Electrode Selection Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36-38
Welding Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39-48
Table of Contents

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WELDING PROCEDURES
Out-Of-Position Welding (Vertical and Overhead)
When welding out-of-position, the molten metal tends to spill out
of the joint. To offset this tendency, an electrode with a fast
freezing deposit is needed.
Welding made with out-of-position electrodes is slow, relatively
expensive and require a high degree of operator skill. Therefore,
whenever possible, work should be positioned for downhand
welding using High-Deposition electrodes – see pages 8-15.
Procedures
Vertical Up Groove Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 6
Vertical Down Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 6
Vertical Up Fillet Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 7
Overhead Fillet Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 7
For vertical up and vertical down pipe welding technique,
request Lincoln bulletin C2.420, Welding Pressure Pipelines.
Alternate Electrodes
Vertical, overhead, and horizontal groove welds on plate thicker
than 1/2” are most economically done with low hydrogen
electrodes – see pages 24-34.
Vertical Up vs. Vertical Down
Vertical down is recommended for fastest welding of 18 gauge
to 3/16” thick steel. A description of the recommended drag
technique along with sheet metal procedures are given in the
section High-Speed Welding on pages 18-23.
Vertical up techniques provide deeper penetration and lower
overall welding costs on plate over 3/16” thick.
Electrode, Current and Polarity
The vertical up and overhead procedures in this section
recommend 3/16” and smaller Fleetweld 5P or 5P+ (E6010)
electrode using electrode positive and currents in the lower
portion of the electrode’s range. When only AC otuput is
available, use Fleetweld 35 or Fleetweld 180 (E6011) electrode at
about 10% higher current.

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Vertical Up Techniques for Fillet and Groove Welds
1. Make first pass root beads with a whipping technique. Whip
the electrode tip out of the molten crater and up for a short
time to let the crater cool before returning the electrode tip to
the crater area to add more weld metal.
2. Root pass beads, particularly when made with a
whipping technique, tend to be humped in the middle.
Therefore, a box weave is often needed for the second pass
to assure good fusion along the edge of the first bead. The
box weave is similar to the straight weave except a slight
upward motion is made at both sides of the weld. Maintain a
short arc with no whipping.
3. Employ a straight weave for the final passes. Simply move
the electrode tip back and forth across the surface of the
weld pausing slightly at both edges to insure penetration and
wash-in without undercut.
Overhead Techniques
Weld overhead as a series of root beads using a slight
circulation motion in the crater sometimes accompanied by a
whip. Weave beads are too fluid and will spill.
Whip
first pass
Box weave
second pass
Straight weave
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