Magni Gyro M-16 C Technical specifications

025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G
02 March 2016
TITLE : M16C FLIGHT MANUAL
CODE : 025-00-16C
PRODUCT : M-16 C
ISSUE
DATE
COMPILED
CHECKED
APPROVED
G
March 2016
Marco Tessari
Luca Varieze Magni
Marco Tessari
APPROVED
Pietro Magni
Magni Gyro srl
I-21010 BESNATE (VA) Via Volpina 23 Tel. + 39 0331 274816 Fax + 39 0331 274817
E-mail : in[email protected]
Page 1

025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G
02 March 2016
Page 2
APPROVED PILOTS HANDBOOK FOR THE MAGNI M16 C
Registration Marks: G-
Constructors Serial Number:
Aircraft Designed and constructed by: Magni Gyro Ref DAI/9516/95
Pilot’s handbook prepared and issued by: Magni Gyro
PILOTS HANDBOOK COPY NUMBER:
This is the Pilot’s Handbook referred to on the Permit to fly. This gyroplane shall at all
times be operated in accordance with this manual.

025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G
02 March 2016
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GENERAL
This Pilots Handbook applies only to the aircraft having the registration marks stated on
page 2
It is the responsibility of the pilot to be familiar with the content of this handbook, including
any amendments.
Units of measure
The following units are used in this Handbook and where appropriate on the instruments
and placards.
Weight Kilograms
Length (aircraft geometry) Millimeters
Distance (aircraft performance) Feet
Altitude Feet
Airspeed Mph
Moments Kilogram meters (kgm)
Pressures Bars (bar)
Temperatures Degrees Celsius (c)
Liquid Quantities Litres (l)

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025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G
02 March 2016
RECORD OF AMENDMENTS
This page 4/0 and subsequent amendment pages 4/1 etc , will be reissued as necessary
with each amendment list.
A copy of each Amendment List will be sent to the Registered Owner of each Aircraft.
It is the responsibility of the registered owner to insure that the amendments are
incorporated in the Pilot’s Handbook, that the superseded pages are removed and that the
receipt form, enclosed with the Amendment List is signed and returned to Magni Gyro Ltd
Amendment List No
And Approval date
Description of Amendment
Pages Affected

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025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G
02 March 2016

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025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G
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No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage or retrieval system,
without prior permission from Magni Gyro.
Copyright 2016 by Magni Gyro. All rights reserved.

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025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G
02 March 2016
INDEX
1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................................10
1.1 OBJECT.........................................................................................................................................................10
1.2 PERMITTED OPERATIONS........................................................................................................................10
1.3 LAY-OUT......................................................................................................................................................10
1.4 CHECKLISTS ...............................................................................................................................................10
1.5 DEFINITIONS...............................................................................................................................................11
1.6 PERFORMANCE..........................................................................................................................................12
1.7 DICTIONARY OF TERMS COMMONLY USED IN THE AERONAUTICAL SECTOR..........................13
2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE......................................................................15
2.1 THE GYROPLANE.......................................................................................................................................15
2.2 OVERALL DIMENSIONS............................................................................................................................16
2.3 EMPTY AND TAKEOFF WEIGHT .............................................................................................................16
2.4 GENERAL CONFIGURATION ...................................................................................................................17
2.4.1 DESCRIPTION OF MAIN COMPONENTS .............................................................................................17
2.4.2 DESCRIPTION OF COCKPIT .................................................................................................................18
2.4.3 DESCRIPTION OF INSTRUMENT PANEL.............................................................................................19
2.5 ENGINE.........................................................................................................................................................21
2.6 LUBRICATION SYSTEM............................................................................................................................23
2.7 INTAKE SYSTEM........................................................................................................................................24
2.8 FUEL SYSTEM.............................................................................................................................................25
2.8.1 MAIN LINE ...............................................................................................................................................25
2.8.2 FUEL QUANTITY DATA..........................................................................................................................27
2.9 COOLING SYSTEM.....................................................................................................................................27
2.10 PROPELLER.................................................................................................................................................29
2.11 ENGINE CONTROLS...................................................................................................................................30
2.11.1 CHOKE CONTROL LEVER.................................................................................................................30
2.11.2 THROTTLE LEVER..............................................................................................................................31
2.11.3 IGNITION KEY ....................................................................................................................................32
2.12 ENGINE INSTRUMENTS............................................................................................................................33
2.12.1 DIGITAL ENGINE MONITORING SYSTEM (FLYDAT).....................................................................33
2.12.2 FUEL PRESSURE INDICATOR ..........................................................................................................34
2.12.3 FUEL SUPPLY PRESSURE INDICATOR...........................................................................................34
2.13 ELECTRIC INSTALLATION.......................................................................................................................35
2.13.1 ELECTRIC SYSTEM VARIOUS DEVICES..........................................................................................37
2.14 FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS.............................................................................................................................39
2.14.1 AIR-SPEED INDICATOR (ASI)...........................................................................................................39
2.14.2 ALTIMETER (ALT) ..............................................................................................................................39
2.14.3 VERTICAL SPEED INDICATOR (VSI)................................................................................................39
2.14.4 STATIC AND DYNAMIC HEADS........................................................................................................39
2.15 NAVIGATION INSTRUMENTS..................................................................................................................40
2.15.1 COMPASS............................................................................................................................................40
2.16 CONTROL INSTRUMENTS........................................................................................................................40
2.16.1 ROTOR REVOLUTION COUNTER rpm. ............................................................................................40
2.16.2 FUEL LEVEL INDICATOR .................................................................................................................40
2.17 FLIGHT CONTROLS ...................................................................................................................................41

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2.17.1 ROTOR CONTROLS............................................................................................................................41
2.17.2 DIRECTION CONTROLS ....................................................................................................................42
2.18 BRAKING SYSTEM.....................................................................................................................................43
2.19 COCKPIT ......................................................................................................................................................45
2.20 SAFETY BELTS ...........................................................................................................................................45
2.21 EXTERNAL LIGHTING SYSTEM..............................................................................................................46
2.22 INTERNAL LIGHTING................................................................................................................................46
2.23 SERVICE - REFUELING DATA..................................................................................................................47
2.23.1 FUELS..................................................................................................................................................47
2.23.2 BRAKE OILS........................................................................................................................................47
2.23.3 LUBRICANTS.......................................................................................................................................48
3 FLIGHT PROCEDURE .......................................................................................................................................50
3.1 OPERATION LIMITS...................................................................................................................................50
3.2 FLIGHT PLANNING....................................................................................................................................50
3.3 TAKE-OFF AND LANDING DATA ............................................................................................................50
3.4 WEIGHTS AND BALANCING....................................................................................................................50
3.5 PILOT CHECKLIST .....................................................................................................................................50
3.6 DAILY PREFLIGHT CHECKS ....................................................................................................................51
3.6.1 INNER CHECKS.......................................................................................................................................52
3.6.2 EXTERNAL CHECKS...............................................................................................................................52
3.6.3 ORDINARY MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE..............................................................................................57
3.7 ENGINE PROCEDURES..............................................................................................................................58
3.7.1 NOTES ON USE OF ENGINE..................................................................................................................58
3.7.2 ENGINE OPERATION LIMITS ................................................................................................................58
3.7.3 USE OF HOT AIR TO CARBURETORS...................................................................................................59
3.7.4 ENGINE STARTING.................................................................................................................................59
3.7.5 STARTING FAILED..................................................................................................................................60
3.8 TAXIING TOTHE HOLDING POINT.........................................................................................................60
3.8.1 CHECK OF ONBOARD APPLIANCES....................................................................................................60
3.8.2 CHECK OF TAXIING AREA....................................................................................................................61
3.8.3 TAXIING TO TAXI-HOLDING POINT ....................................................................................................61
3.9 PRE-TAKEOFF CHECKS ............................................................................................................................63
3.10 ROTOR PRE-ROTATION ............................................................................................................................63
3.11 TAKE-OFF....................................................................................................................................................65
3.11.1 TAKE-OFF WITH CROSS WIND ........................................................................................................67
3.12 LANDING .....................................................................................................................................................69
3.12.1 LANDING WITH CROSSWIND...........................................................................................................69
3.12.2 AFTER LANDING................................................................................................................................69
3.12.3 ENGINE STOP.....................................................................................................................................70
3.12.4 BEFORE LEAVING THE GYROPLANE..............................................................................................70
3.13 UNUSUAL MANOEUVRES........................................................................................................................71
3.13.1 SLOW FLIGHT AND FLIGHT BEHIND THE POWER CURVE.........................................................71
3.13.2 VERTICAL DESCENT..........................................................................................................................71
4 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES..........................................................................................................................73
4.1 GENERAL.....................................................................................................................................................73
4.2 CRITICAL EMERGENCY PROCEDURES.................................................................................................73
4.3 GROUND EMERGENCY PROCEDURES ..................................................................................................73
4.4 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES DURING TAKEOFF .................................................................................73
4.5 FIRE ON GROUND........................................................................................................................................74
4.6 FIRE IN FLIGHT….........................................................................................................................................74
4.7 ENGINE FAILURE.......................................................................................................................................74
4.8 ENGINE START IN THE FLIGHT...............................................................................................................75
4.8 ABANDONING THE AIRCRAFT................................................................................................................75

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5 OPERATION LIMITS .........................................................................................................................................78
5.1 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................................................78
5.2 MINIMUM CREW ........................................................................................................................................78
5.3 LIMITATIONS OF POWER.........................................................................................................................78
5.4 ENGINE RUNAWAY...................................................................................................................................78
5.5 SPEED LIMITS.............................................................................................................................................80
5.6 FLIGHT MANOEUVRES LIMITATIONS ..................................................................................................80
5.7 LOAD FACTOR LIMITATIONS..................................................................................................................81
5.8 HEIGHT-VELOCITY ENVELOPE..............................................................................................................81
5.9 C OF G LIMITATIONS.................................................................................................................................81
5.10 LOAD LIMITATIONS..................................................................................................................................81
5.11 FLIGHT LIMITS...........................................................................................................................................81
5.12 EXTERNAL LOADS ....................................................................................................................................82
5.13 TAKEOFF AND LANDING LIMITATIONS...............................................................................................82
5.14 ROTOR RPM MAX LIMIT ..............................................................................................................................82
5.15 ALTITUDE LIMIT .......................................................................................................................................82
6 FLIGHT CHARACTERISTICS..........................................................................................................................84
6.1 GENERAL FLIGHT CHARACTERISTICS.................................................................................................84
6.2 FLIGHT CONTROLS ...................................................................................................................................84
6.3 FLIGHT CHARACTERISTICS IN LEVEL CONDITIONS.........................................................................84
6.3.1 LOW SPEED.............................................................................................................................................84
6.3.2 HIGH SPEED AND CRUISING SPEED ..................................................................................................85
7 FLIGHT IN ADVERSE CONDITIONS .............................................................................................................86
7.1 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................................................86
7.2 TURBULENCE OR STORMS......................................................................................................................86
7.3 SNOW, ICE, RAIN........................................................................................................................................87
7.3.1 EFFECTS OF SNOW, ICE AND RAIN DURING TAKEOFF ..................................................................88
7.3.2 EFFECTS OF SNOW, ICE AND RAIN DURING LANDING...................................................................88
7.4 LOW AND HIGH TEMPERATURES ..........................................................................................................89
7.4.1 PROCEDURES UNDER LOW TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS.............................................................89
7.4.2 PROCEDURES UNDER HIGH TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS...........................................................89
APPENDICES .................................................................................................................................................................90
APPENDIX 1...............................................................................................................................................................91
CG DATA................................................................................................................................................................91
APPENDIX 2...............................................................................................................................................................94
PERFORMANCE DATA.......................................................................................................................................94
APPENDIX 3...............................................................................................................................................................96
HEIGHT VELOCITY DIAGRAM.........................................................................................................................96
APPENDIX 4...............................................................................................................................................................98
MANOEUVRE LIMITATIONS ............................................................................................................................98
APPENDIX 5.............................................................................................................................................................100
ENGINE PARAMETERS....................................................................................................................................100
APPENDIX 6.............................................................................................................................................................103
VOLTMETER DEVICE......................................................................................................................................103

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025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G
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SECTION 1
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 OBJECT
The present manual is intended to give all the necessary information, which the operator flying the M-16 C
gyroplane must comply with in order to satisfy the safety and efficiency requirements.
The instructions provide the pilot with a general knowledge of the gyroplane and of its features, as well as
with a specific knowledge of the normal and emergency operation procedures.
The manual is aimed at experienced pilots and is therefore devoid of any basic flight principle. It does not
substitute a practical training course conducted by a QUALIFIED INSTRUCTOR.
Last, the manual provides the pilot with all the possible procedures necessary to adapt to any circumstance
such as multiple emergencies, adverse meteorological conditions, etc.
1.2 PERMITTED OPERATIONS
The manual gives an approach to all the allowed manoeuvres and operations.
WARNING DANGER:
Unless otherwise specified, unusual manoeuvre, operations and configurations are strictly
forbidden.
All the procedures which are either not discussed or have not been specifically defined as not allowed are to
be considered as allowed.
1.3 LAY-OUT
The manual is divided into 6 sections in order to be more easy to read.
Each section is dedicated to a different subject related to flight operations.
1.4 CHECKLISTS
The manual contains various indexed procedures, which are described with the necessary clarifications or
definitions.
The checklists are published as indexed procedures and are not developed further.

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025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G
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1.5 DEFINITIONS
To ensure a safe functioning of the gyroplane, specific symbols are used in this manual to highlight the
importance of particular notions, according to their importance.
The symbols used in this manual are described below:
WARNING DANGER:
Operation, technical and other procedures which, if not followed carefully, may expose the
operator to the risk of serious accident or death.
WARNING:
Operation, technical and other procedures which, if not followed carefully, may expose the
gyroplane and its equipment to damage.
NOTE:
Operation, technical and other procedures which deserve special attention.

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1.7 DICTIONARY OF TERMS COMMONLY USED IN THE AERONAUTICAL SECTOR
CHT
CYLINDER HEAD TEMPERATURE
EGT
EXHAUST GAS TEMPERATURE
FLYDAT
ROTAX DIGITAL ENGINE INSTRUMENTATION DISPLAY
g
GRAVITATIONAL ACCELERATION
G
GRAVITATIONAL CONSTANT
GA
GLIDE ANGLE
GPS
GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM
kn
KNOTS (kts)
IAS
INDICATED AIRSPEED
LEXAN
SCREEN MATERIAL
MAP
ENGINE MANIFOLD PRESSURE
millibar (mbar)
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE MEASUREMENT UNIT
VMC
VISUAL METEOROGICAL CONDITIONS

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MAGNI GYRO
PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

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SECTION 2
2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE
2.1 THE GYROPLANE
The M-16 Tandem Trainer is a single-engine two-seat gyroplane with a primary structure made of steel and
a semi-fairing made of a combination of glass fibre and carbon cloth.
The gyroplane is equipped with a fixed front tricycle landing gear. The tandem configuration allows for the
transportation of two crew members in the semi-fairing fuselage.
The power unit is composed of a piston engine and a pusher three-bladed propeller with ground adjustable
pitch.
The tail planes are made of composite material. They consist of a fixed horizontal stabilizer and of three
vertical surfaces of which the central one is subdivided in to fin and rudder.
The rotor and main undercarriage are also manufactured from composite materials

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2.2 OVERALL DIMENSIONS
Figure 1 –M16 Overall Dimensions
The overall dimensions are indicated below:
• Rotor diameter 8535 mm (28')
• Total length 4700 mm
• Width 1800 mm
• Height (without rotor) 2650 mm
• Maximum height (with front bar) 2700 mm
•
The steering radius is indicated in Figure 3.8/2.
2.3 EMPTY AND TAKEOFF WEIGHT
- Dry weight 278 kg
- Empty weight 285 kg
- Maximum allowed takeoff weight (MTOW) 500 kg
WARNING DANGER:
The pilot must adjust his load sheet in order to make sure he does not exceed the maximum
takeoff weight allowed by the requirements in force in the country he is operating in or in
which his gyroplane is registered.

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2.4 GENERAL CONFIGURATION
2.4.1 DESCRIPTION OF MAIN
COMPONENTS
1 - Rotor
2 - Rotor blade hub-bar
3 - Rotor head
4 - Rotor brake
5 - Bendix gear
6 - Rotor control rods
7 - Trim control unit
8 - Trim actuator
9 - Fork unit
10 –Pre-rotation flexible shaft
11 –Pre-rotation unit
12 - Ground adjustable pitch
three bladed pusher propeller
13 - ROTAX piston engine
14 - Fuel tank cap
15 - Fuel tank
16 - Oil tank
17 - Radiator
18 - Battery
19 - Exhaust manifold
20 - Structure
21 - Main undercarriage
22 - Wheel
23 - Front steering wheel
24 - Stabilizer
25 - Winglet
26 - Rudder
27 - Trim tab
28 - Pilot/passenger cockpit
29 - Landing light
30 - Dynamic intake
31 - Pilot windscreen
32 - Pilot seat
33 - Passenger windscreen
34 - Passenger seat
35 - Instrument panel
36 - Control stick
37 - Rudder pedals
38 - Mast upper part
39 - Fin
40 - Heat exchanger

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2.4.2 DESCRIPTION OF COCKPIT
1 - Instrument panel
2 - Engine data digital display
3 - Warning lights line
4 - Pumps control line
5 - Navigation instrument line
6 - Circuit breakers line
7 - Steering rudder pedals (rudder and nose wheel)
8 - Footboard
9 - Control stick handle
10 - Pre-rotation control lever
11 - Auxiliary feed outlet
12 - Rotor trim control
13 - Brake control lever & Park brake
14 - Throttle lever
15 - Choke control lever
16 - Front seat
17 - Seat belt
18 - Windscreen

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2.4.3 DESCRIPTION OF INSTRUMENT PANEL
1 - MASTER
Master switch
2 -
Ignition key
3 -
Start push button - choke
4 -
5A push button breaker for fuel pumps
5 -
Main and auxiliary pumps switches
6 -
Landing light switch
7 -
Stroboscopic lights switch
8 -
Warning lights line
8 a DANGER
Red - danger of overpressure
8 b WARNING
Yellow - Warning or Caution
8 c BATTERY
Generator not working
8 d RESERVE
Low fuel level
8 e BRAKE
Rotor brake (ON when engaged)
8 f TRIM
Green, trim in end position
9 - TEST
NA
10 - 0,1 x hour
Hour meter
11 –Engine r.p.m.
Engine tachometer
12 - EGT
Exhaust gas temperature indicator
13 - CHT
Cylinder head temperature
14 - OIL TEMP
Oil temperature
15 - OIL PRESS
Oil pressure
16 - MAP
Manifold pressure indicator
17 –Rotor r.p.m.
Rotor tachometer

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18 - FUEL Press.
Fuel pressure indicator
19 -
Compass
20 - ASI
Air-speed indicator
21 - ALT
Altimeter
22 - VSI
Vertical speed indicator
23 -
Fuel level gauge
24 - TCU
Circuit breaker 5A TCU
25 - FD
Circuit breaker 2A FLYDAT
26 - BATT
Circuit breaker 20A battery
27 - GEN
Circuit breaker 20A generator
28 - ACC
Circuit breaker 10A
29 -
Auxiliary feed outlet
30 -
N/A for Rotax 914
All the main components of the gyroplane are listed in this chapter.
Whenever communicating with MAGNI GYRO (via telephone, e-mail, fax, etc.), pilots and operators should
always use the same terminology in order to identify the components safely.
The terms “front” (FR), “rear” (REAR), “right” (RH), “left” (LH), “high” (SUP) and “low”(INF) must be
understood as shown in the figure below.