manuals.online logo
Brands
  1. Home
  2. •
  3. Brands
  4. •
  5. Marantz
  6. •
  7. Media Player
  8. •
  9. Marantz NA-11S1 Installation guide

Marantz NA-11S1 Installation guide

Introduction
Since the start of the era of digital recording of music, technology
has been faced with the challenge of maximising the accuracy
of reproduction. The initial problem was the small number of bits
available for the conversion of analogue signals into digital. In the
early ‘80s the first attempts were made to create more audible
resolution than the bits actually produced. In this way, the first
CD player from Philips and Marantz worked with the 14-Bit-D/A-
Converter using a process called noise-shaping and achieved real
precision of 16 bits and four-fold oversampling, and thus played a
leading role.
With the growing number of high resolution audio files in recent
years, the issue has in fact been reversed, because current master
and media can easily deal with 24 or even 32-bit and provide the
necessary digital filtering for playing up to 48 bits per sample. Now
the issue centers on reducing the surplus resulting resolution and
the ensuing huge bandwidths by hundreds of kilohertz as efficiently
as possible to usable frequencies and the common resolutions of
16 (CD) to 24 bits. If the excess bits were shortened to simply re-
move the excess bits, audible errors would be created and any higher
resolution gained would be irretrievably lost.
In the NA-11S1 Marantz has implemented new algorithms for digital
signal processing developed in-house for the first time and the result
is a surprisingly low loss of resolution. For this purpose, Marantz
has utilised new signal processing technology previously exclusively
reserved for high-end, professionally equipped mastering studios.
Solution
To maximise audible resolution, three methods are combined:
Oversampling, Noise Shaping and Dithering.
Through oversampling intermediate samples between 2 original
samples are calculated, thus achieving a multiplication of the
sampling rate. To calculate the intermediate samples with
sufficient accuracy the resolution of the audio data needs to be
increased significantly. In our application we found additional
24 bits adequate giving us a total resolution of 48 bits.
The noise shaping offsets digital noise components through clever
filtering from the audible frequency range into the frequency range
beyond 20 kHz, which is no longer perceptible.
With dithering, the desired signal is modulated with noise to reduce
inaccuracies caused through the forcible conversion of resolutions.
The type and distribution of the noise determine the quality of
the sonic result. Marantz established the optimal variant through
extensive listening tests and trial series.
As a result of the correct combination of the three methods and the
correct choice of the respective algorithm and its application, more
details than the simple conversion of the original signal could be
perceived, thus significantly higher-resolution sound reproduction
could be achieved.
www.marantz.eu Marantz Musical Mastering | NA-11S1 | V1.0, Status Feb. 2013 | 1
White paper
Marantz Musical Mastering
NA-11S1, v1.0, Feb 2013
Oversampling
Unlike many procedures used previously, Marantz deploys no rational
numbers for the upsampling of the sampling rate, e.g. 44.1 kHz from
a CD to 96kHz (factor 2.1768 ...), as this is often results in a deteriora-
tion of the “flow” and the “rhythm” of the playback. In its frequency
multiplier Marantz uses exclusively integer factors, and converts the
data with a FIR filter (finite impulse response filter) at either to 352.8
or 384 kilohertz. At the same time, this increases the quantisation
depth up to 48 bits; depending on the corresponding resolution of
the input signal (16 to 24 bits) results in a 2 to 8-fold oversampling.
Noise Shaping
The noise shaping quantifies a mathematical return of rounding
errors back to the beginning of the processing of the audio data.
The effect of this feedback is similar to the “transfer” in manual,
column-by-column addition to or subtraction from two numbers on
the paper. This feedback from the rounding error of the quantiser
is offset against the next digital word (1 sample with up to 48 bits),
added up along with the next random value of the dither and in turn
sent to the quantiser. Over time each rounding error of the voltage
axis (bits) shifts to a correct value on the time axis (sampling
frequency) in this way. The result corresponds more accurately with
the original audio signal with the higher resolution and therefore
sounds better than simply rounding or truncation the signal. The
random element of the dithering signal also prevents the occur-
rence of noise by the feedback of the transfer to the input, as
could occur with the previously mentioned noise shaper procedure
without dithering.
The noise shaper filter only acts with the LSB (the least significant
bit, the “smallest” bit) and returns it to the input of the quantizer
Dithering
Dithering is, put very simply, the signal mixed with noise. In the
reduction from high to low resolution, artifacts which can be
perceived as a distortion occur, as the patterns now appear that do
not belong to an actual music signal.
This can be illustrated through graphic sequencing. The colour
gradient of the diagram, originally 24-bit, was reduced to 4 bits to
illustrate the effect. The problem is transferable between graphics
and audio.
Here is a diagram quantised with 24-bit
colour depth. In this analogy it corre-
sponds with an original, high-resolution
audio signal. It consists of a similar
representation of an analogue image,
with smooth, seamless colours.
If the graphics to illustrate a lower colour
depth are added below, anomalies that
do not match the original (24-bit) appear.
Even artifacts, new image details will be-
come visible in the form of ring patterns
that do not belong to the original image.
The same occurs in the downsampling
of audio signals. When flattening higher
resolutions, interference (distortion)
is created that does not belong to the
original.
If the reduced image is allocated to a
suitable noise, artifacts occurring as a
result of the reduction of the original
low-resolution image disappear almost
completely. With the displaced dither, the
image has a significantly greater resem-
blance to the the original high resolution,
despite the lower depth in colour.
Something similar takes place In the
audio processing. With the right dither
displacement, the rounding error is dis-
tributed in a statistically favourable man-
ner, the sound is closer to the original.
www.marantz.eu
White paper
Marantz Musical Mastering | NA-11S1 | V1.0, Status Feb. 2013 | 2



Original:
24-Bit graphics
Linear scaling:
Reduction to 4 bits.
Quantiser
Noise Shaper Filter
24 Bit
MSB
24 Bit
Dither
48 Bit
Music
Data
24 Bit
LSB
To ensure the generated random signal (noise) remains random
from an acoustic point of view, it may not be repeated at audible
repetition rates. To achieve a minimum repetition rate of 1 second
or higher very long cycle of 180,000 samples are needed. A random
number generator was specifically developed for this purpose.
When development was in the initial stage there was a noise
signal with a homogeneous uniform distribution of frequency and
amplitude, a so-called ‘white noise’. The graph below shows the
scaled amplitude statistics of this noise signal.
As can be seen the 180.000 samples show very equal probability
between 0 and 1. This means that all amplitudes between 0 and 1
occur equally often.
Listening tests and research have shown that this linear probability
function can be improved further if 2 such noise generators are
used in parallel. Below the scaled amplitude statistics of such a
noise generator.
So far we investigated only the amplitude behaviour of the noise
generator. The frequency behaviour (e.g. spectrum) of our noise
generator looks like this.
It can be seen that all frequencies have about the same amplitude –
thus our noise generator really generates ‘white noise’.
www.marantz.eu
White paper
Marantz Musical Mastering | NA-11S1 | V1.0, Status Feb. 2013 | 3
White noise: a very uniformly distributed random signal.
The resulting noise retains that perfect,yet weighted, random distribution


Again several listing tests have been conducted and finally the best
sonic performance is achieved with filtered white noise. A high-pass
filter led to a significant improvement in sound. Below the plot of
the spectrum of the final dither signal.
This improves the noise spectrum of the resulting
dithered audio signal
Here you can see the distribution of the dither signal, along with its
increasing frequency weighted influence on the audio spectrum
The weighted noise of the dither signal developed by Marantz is
now stronger at high frequencies than at low frequencies and po-
tential interference components are shifted to the frequency range
that is no longer perceptible, beyond the auditory threshold.
Result
This advanced method of signal processing increases
and maintains the high resolution of both new and old
recordings. The distinct improvement in sound is
manifested in detail in individual instruments, space and
richer tones.
www.marantz.eu
White paper
Marantz Musical Mastering | NA-11S1 | V1.0, Status Feb. 2013 | 4

Other manuals for NA-11S1

5

Other Marantz Media Player manuals

Marantz UD5005 User manual

Marantz

Marantz UD5005 User manual

Marantz NA6006 User manual

Marantz

Marantz NA6006 User manual

Marantz PMD-500D User manual

Marantz

Marantz PMD-500D User manual

Marantz NA8005 User manual

Marantz

Marantz NA8005 User manual

Marantz NA8005 User manual

Marantz

Marantz NA8005 User manual

Marantz NA6006 Operating and maintenance instructions

Marantz

Marantz NA6006 Operating and maintenance instructions

Marantz NA-7004 User manual

Marantz

Marantz NA-7004 User manual

Marantz UD7006 User manual

Marantz

Marantz UD7006 User manual

Marantz NA-7004 User manual

Marantz

Marantz NA-7004 User manual

Marantz NA7004/N1B User manual

Marantz

Marantz NA7004/N1B User manual

Marantz NA-11S1 User manual

Marantz

Marantz NA-11S1 User manual

Marantz NA-7004 User manual

Marantz

Marantz NA-7004 User manual

Marantz NA6006 User manual

Marantz

Marantz NA6006 User manual

Marantz NA6005 User manual

Marantz

Marantz NA6005 User manual

Marantz SACD 30n User manual

Marantz

Marantz SACD 30n User manual

Marantz PMD-526C User manual

Marantz

Marantz PMD-526C User manual

Marantz NA-11S1 User guide

Marantz

Marantz NA-11S1 User guide

Marantz PC Instruction and safety manual

Marantz

Marantz PC Instruction and safety manual

Marantz NA-11S1 User manual

Marantz

Marantz NA-11S1 User manual

Marantz NA6005 User manual

Marantz

Marantz NA6005 User manual

Marantz NA-11S1 User manual

Marantz

Marantz NA-11S1 User manual

Marantz NA-11S1 User manual

Marantz

Marantz NA-11S1 User manual

Marantz NA8005 User manual

Marantz

Marantz NA8005 User manual

Marantz NA8005 User manual

Marantz

Marantz NA8005 User manual

Popular Media Player manuals by other brands

Phonocar VM197B Mounting instructions

Phonocar

Phonocar VM197B Mounting instructions

Grundig Apollo 2000 Service manual

Grundig

Grundig Apollo 2000 Service manual

Sonos ZonePlayer 120 Product guide

Sonos

Sonos ZonePlayer 120 Product guide

Califone Music Maker 2395IR owner's manual

Califone

Califone Music Maker 2395IR owner's manual

Denon DNHD2500 - Dual DJ MP3 Player operating instructions

Denon

Denon DNHD2500 - Dual DJ MP3 Player operating instructions

Trevi MPV 1730SD user guide

Trevi

Trevi MPV 1730SD user guide

Telestream Wirecast Gear 310 user guide

Telestream

Telestream Wirecast Gear 310 user guide

Cowon PLENUE R2 user manual

Cowon

Cowon PLENUE R2 user manual

Roku 3100R user guide

Roku

Roku 3100R user guide

Meicheng PV-330 user manual

Meicheng

Meicheng PV-330 user manual

ViewSonic VMP74 user guide

ViewSonic

ViewSonic VMP74 user guide

Xtreamer media player user manual

Xtreamer

Xtreamer media player user manual

Visual Circuits MC Specifications

Visual Circuits

Visual Circuits MC Specifications

MobiBlu DAH-1800 user manual

MobiBlu

MobiBlu DAH-1800 user manual

Blaupunkt BB15BL owner's manual

Blaupunkt

Blaupunkt BB15BL owner's manual

Atomos Ninja Blade user manual

Atomos

Atomos Ninja Blade user manual

Philips HMP5000/79 user manual

Philips

Philips HMP5000/79 user manual

invotel SX8800-P2 user manual

invotel

invotel SX8800-P2 user manual

manuals.online logo
manuals.online logoBrands
  • About & Mission
  • Contact us
  • Privacy Policy
  • Terms and Conditions

Copyright 2025 Manuals.Online. All Rights Reserved.