MEFE—Mitchell Engineering Food Equipment Pty Ltd
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5.4 Corrosion
Although, the passive layer is formed on stainless steel surfaces, there are cases when it corrodes due to the following condi-
ons:
- Inuence of hydrochloric acid and chlorine,
- No ongoing maintenance which leads to the formaon of strong acid soluons on steel walls (water evaporates and an acid
soluon remains),
- An environment more aggressive than the steel provided for it;
- Contaminaon during installaon and manufacture (lime, cement, foreign metallic inclusions as a result of using angle grind-
ers nearby or unsuitable assembly tools),
- Contact with normal carbon steel (scratching with black steel during transportaon or storage),
-Insucient room venlaon or even their absence in aggressive environments (there must always be an air ow in venla-
on ducts).
Symptoms of stainless steel corrosion are dierent. One can noce that corrosion appears usually on various types of internal
(non-metallic inclusions, separaons, deformaons) and external (edges, scratches, dents, residues of scale, sediments, etc.)
surfaces, while smooth and homogenous surfaces are much more resistant to corrosion. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure
proper pickling and passivaon of a surface.
The mechanism of destrucon and the type of corrosion depend on a specic environment and steel aected by it. The fol-
lowing types of corrosion may occur depending on the environment and stainless steel:
- Surface (uniform), Ping, Intergranular, Stress, Crevice.
Ping corrosion is the most frequently occurring corrosion caused by inappropriate stainless steel maintenance, more speci-
cally due to the use of chlorinated cleaning agents.
Ping corrosion is a form of a localised environmental aack leading to local losses (pits) in material. It is caused by the inu-
ence of galvanic cells formed between a passivated steel surface and clearly localised non-passivaon areas laying on it. Oxy-
gen or oxidising substances in a cathodic cell areas (passivated) are required for ping corrosion to occur. If they are absent,
cathodic areas polarize and the cell stops funconing.
Soluons which cause ping corrosion of stainless steels most frequently are chlorine soluons. For this type of corrosion,
condion of a steel surface is very important. The smoother and cleaner the surface, the smaller the intensity of said corro-
sion.
A quality assessment of the eects of this type corrosion is dicult, since damage can be very serious at a minor weight loss. It
is assumed that an average number of pits per area unit and their greatest depth can serve as some indicators.
5.5 Maintenance and Cleaning
When using stainless steel furniture and equipment, a layer of chromium oxide present on the steel surface must be taken
care of. Compounds used in food industry which disturb the passive layer (chromium oxide) include compounds containing
chlorides – salt, disinfectants and acids (water from sauerkraut, cucumbers, acid juices, vinegar, etc.). Water is the most eec-
ve neutraliser of chlorides and weak acids.
Stainless steel is not an excepon to this rule and each user must be aware that regular cleaning and maintenance of stainless
products is required.