Megger PAM410 User manual

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User’s Manual
PAM 410/420
Phase Angle Meter / Multi Function Meter
Art No. ZP-BP02E Doc. BP0123CE V03 2014

PAM 410/420
Phase Angle Meter / Multi Function Meter
NOTICE OF COPYRIGHT & PROPRIETARY RIGHTS
© 2013, Megger Sweden AB. All rights reserved.
The contents of this manual are the property of Megger Sweden AB. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or
by any means, except as permitted in written license agreement with Megger Sweden AB. Megger Sweden AB has made every reasonable
attempt to ensure the completeness and accuracy of this document. However, the information contained in this manual is subject to change
without notice, and does not represent a commitment on the part of Megger Sweden AB. Any attached hardware schematics and technical
descriptions, or software listings that disclose source code, are for informational purposes only. Reproduction in whole or in part to create
working hardware or software for other than Megger Sweden AB products is strictly prohibited, except as permitted by written license
agreement with Megger Sweden AB.
TRADEMARK NOTICES
Megger® and Programma® are trademarks registered in the U.S. and other countries. All other brand and product names mentioned in this
document are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.
Megger Sweden AB is certified according to ISO 9001 and 14001.
User’s Manual
Postal address:
Megger Sweden AB
Box 724
SE-182 17 DANDERYD
SWEDEN
T [phone]
F [phone]
[e-mail]
www.megger.com
Visiting address:
Megger Sweden AB
Rinkebyvägen 19
SE-182 36 DANDERYD
SWEDEN
BP0123CE ZP-BP02E PAM 410/420 3

4PAM 410/420 ZP-BP02E BP0123CE
Contents
1 General
............................................................. 6
1.1 Description ..................................................6
1.2 Mains and power.........................................6
Mains adapter............................................................. 6
Battery power ............................................................. 6
Battery charging.......................................................... 6
2 Safety
............................................................. 7
2.1 Safety instructions........................................7
2.2 Symbols on the instrument ..........................7
3 Panels
............................................................. 8
3.1 Instrument panels ........................................8
Front panel ................................................................. 8
Top panel.................................................................... 8
4 Phase angle measurements
............................................................. 9
4.1 General application......................................9
4.2 Phase angle between voltages N-L1 and N-L2
9
4.3 Phase angle between voltages N-L1 and
L3-L2.......................................................10
4.4 Phase angle between voltages N-L1 and
L2-L3.......................................................10
4.5 Phase angle between voltages L1-N and
L3-L2.......................................................11
4.6 Phase angle between voltage N-L1 (U1) and
current L1 (I2)..........................................11
4.7 Secondary testing of relay
protection systems ..................................12
4.8 Directional testing of relay
protection systems...................................12
5 Timing (PAM420)
........................................................... 13
5.1 Activating using voltage sense ...................13
Detect voltage presence............................................ 13
Detect voltage absence ............................................. 13
5.2 Activating using contact sense ...................13
Closing contact......................................................... 13
Open contact............................................................ 13
6 Voltage, current and frequency meas-
urements (PAM420).......................... 14
Voltage ..................................................................... 14
Current ..................................................................... 14
Voltage – Current...................................................... 14
7 Calibration
........................................................... 15
7.1 Standard calibration...................................15
Equipment needed.................................................... 15
Calibration procedure ............................................... 15
7.2 Check procedure after calibration ..............16
Voltage ..................................................................... 16
Current ..................................................................... 16
Phase angle............................................................... 16
7.3 Timer.........................................................16
8 Specifications
........................................................... 17
8.1 Specifications PAM410/420........................17

BP0123CE ZP-BP02E PAM 410/420 5

6PAM 410/420 ZP-BP02E BP0123CE
1 GENERAL
1General
1.1 Description
PAM410 and 420 are specifically designed for
measurements on electrical power systems. The phase
angle is calculated from the relationship between two
power signals, either two currents or two voltages, or any
combination. Current signals up to 25 amps and voltage
signals up to 500 volts can be applied directly to the
instrument. The current input range can be extended with
the use of external current transformers.
The PAM420 has more functions. In addition to phase angle
it is capable of displaying: voltage, current, frequency and
timing.
PAM410 PAM420
Phase Angle X X
Current X
Voltage X
Frequency X
Timer X
Chargeble batteries X X
1.2 Mains and power
Mains adapter
Model Skynet Electronic SNP-A02C
Input 100-240 V, 50/60 Hz
Output 9 V DC, 1.8 A
Battery power
The instruments have built-in lithium-ion rechargeable
batteries.
Auto off
The instrument display backlighter is automatically
turned off if not operated within 10 minutes (battery
operated).
Auto off in TIMER mode – PAM420 only
You can chose if the instrument shall turn off auto-
matic or not.
1] Press the MODE button for > 2 sec and select
the status for Auto off by toggling Yes / No.
Battery charging
Use only the supplied mains adapter for charging.
Charging time is approximately 4 hours.
Battery symbol on display
Battery OK
Blinking
Battery need charging
LED on Instrument (ON/OFF button)
Charging blinking green
Fully charged fixed green light
Note The Instrument cannot be turned off while
charging.
Important
Old / worn out batteries should not be thrown
away, they must be returned to the supplier or
to a recipient for recycling of battery products.
Illegal disposal can be harmful to human
health and the environment.

BP0123CE ZP-BP02E PAM 410/420 7
2 SAFETY
2Safety
2.1 Safety instructions
Important
Read the manual and comply with the following
instructions before using the instrument.
Always comply with local safety regulations.
Warning
Do not attempt to service the instrument yourself.
Opening or removing covers may expose you to dan-
gerous voltage. If you attempt to service the instru-
ment yourself the warranty is no longer valid.
Do not use any accessories that are not intended for
use together with the instrument.
If an external current transformer, e.g. current clamp,
is used together with the instrument, make sure not
to exceed max current (25 A) on the current inputs.
If the fuse blows, the open circuit will allow volt-
age on the current transformer’s secondary side to
increase to dangerous levels.
Voltage inputs are to be considered as CAT I if only
one test lead is connected to the instrument voltage
input and to a hazardous voltage.
Important
Always turn the equipment off before connecting.
Always use manufacturer approved and supplied
cable sets.
Do not expose the instrument to rain or moisture.
Use a damp cloth for cleaning. Do not use liquid
cleaners or aerosol cleaners.
Refer all servicing, including the exchange of fuses,
to Megger authorized personnel.
If you need to return the instrument, please use
either the original crate or one of equivalent strength
This equipment contains lithium batteries. Please
follow current legislation for restrictions during ship-
ment.”
2.2 Symbols on the
instrument
Caution, refer to accompanying docu-
ments.
WEEE, Waste Electrical and Electronic
Equipment. Please utilize your local
WEEE collection facilities in the dispo-
sition of this product and otherwise
observe all applicable requirements.
Both the batteries in the instrument
and the product as a whole can be
returned to the supplier for recycling.
National regulations for batteries and
electronic waste must be followed. If
in any doubt, please contact your local
authorities for further information.
Double insulated, does not require a
safety connection to electrical earth
(ground).

8PAM 410/420 ZP-BP02E BP0123CE
3 PANELS
3Panels
3.1 Instrument panels
Front panel
Note The numbers 1 to 8 are for PAM420 only
1 Button for selecting timer START condition:
Detect voltage presence / Detect voltage
absence or
Closing contact / Open contact
2 Button for selecting timer START condition:
Voltage / Contact
3 Button for resetting of timer
4 Button for selecting timer STOP condition:
Detect voltage presence / Detect voltage
absence or
Closing contact / Open contact
5 Button for selecting timer STOP condition:
Voltage / Contact
6 Start inputs
7 Stop inputs
8 Button for section of measurement mode:
Timer / Phase Angle Meter, I ,U and f - Meter
(analog measurements)
9 Phase angle input for voltage (U1)
10 Phase angle input for voltage (U2)
11 Button for selection of criteria for phase
angle measurement
12 Phase angle input for current (I1)
13 Phase angle input for current (I2)
14 Button for switching instrument On/Off
Top panel
15 Input for battery charger
15
Pam410 panel
6
1 2 3 4 5
9
12
11
14
8
7
10
13

BP0123CE ZP-BP02E PAM 410/420 9
4 PHASE ANGLE MEASUREMENTS
4Phase angle measurements
4.1 General application
Important
Read the manual and comply with
the Safety instructions before using
PAM410/420.
Always comply with local safety regula-
tions.
The instrument is constructed with two equal meas-
uring channels, where each channel can be used for
either current or voltage measuring. Phase angles can
also be measured between two voltages, between
two currents or between current and voltage.
The phase angle is measured between U1 and U2.
These channels are galvanic separated.
Current and voltage input on the same channel for
example I1 and U1 are not to be connected at the
same time.
The measuring magnitude on channel 2 is shown
angular always after channel 1
4.2 Phase angle between
voltages N-L1 and N-L2
1] Connect as follows:
U1 U2
L1 to input U1 (red)
N to input U1 (black)
L2 to input U2 (red)
N to input U2 (black)
2] Repeatedly press the SELECT button until the
U1 and U2 LEDs are lit.
L1
L2
L3
N
3] Read the result on the display
Example: The displayed phase angle value is
120°.
The instrument shows 120° where U2 is after U1 in phase.

10 PAM 410/420 ZP-BP02E BP0123CE
4 PHASE ANGLE MEASUREMENTS
4.3 Phase angle between
voltages N-L1 and L3-L2
1] Connect as follows:
U1 U2
L1 to input U1 (red)
N to input U1 (black)
L2 to input U2 (red)
L3 to input U2 (black)
2] Repeatedly press the SELECT button until the
U1 and U2 LEDs are lit.
L1
L2
L3
N
3] Read the result on the display
Example: The displayed phase angle value is
90°.
The instrument shows 90° where U2 is after U1 in phase.
4.4 Phase angle between
voltages N-L1 and L2-L3
1] Connect as follows:
U1 U2
L1 to input U1 (red)
N to input U1 (black)
L3 to input U2 (red)
L2 to input U2 (black)
2] Repeatedly press the SELECT button until the
U1 and U2 LEDs are lit.
L1
L2
L3
N
3] Read the result on the display
Example: The displayed phase angle value is
270°.
The instrument shows 270° where U2 is after U1 in phase.

BP0123CE ZP-BP02E PAM 410/420 11
4 PHASE ANGLE MEASUREMENTS
4.5 Phase angle between
voltages L1-N and L3-L2
1] Connect as follows:
U1 U2
L1 to input U1 (black)
N to input U1 (red)
L2 to input U2 (red)
L3 to input U2 (black)
2] Repeatedly press the SELECT button until the
U1 and U2 LEDs are lit.
L1
L2
L3
N
3] Read the result on the display
Example: The displayed phase angle value is
270°.
The instrument shows 270° where U2 is after U1 in phase.
4.6 Phase angle between
voltage N-L1 (U1) and
current L1 (I2)
1] Connect as follows:
U1 I2
L1 to input U1 (red)
N to input U1 (black)
L1 to input I2 (red)
L1 (motor) to input I2 (black)
2] Repeatedly press the SELECT button until the
U1 and U2 LEDs are lit.
L1
L2
L3
N
M
3] Read the result on the display.
Motor current 0.35 A
The instrument shows about 30 – 50° depending on the
load of the motor where I2 is after U1 in phase.

12 PAM 410/420 ZP-BP02E BP0123CE
4 PHASE ANGLE MEASUREMENTS
4.7 Secondary testing of
relay protection systems
At secondary testing of a relay protection to verify
that the protection gives tripping in between given
angle range can be done by using the phase angle
meter. Relay protection and connections to testing
device are controlled thereby.
Secondary testing
4.8 Directional testing of
relay protection systems
After installing the object, control the connections
between test cut and measuring transformers through
directional testing with the help of the phase angle
meter. Connect the instrument with the same connec-
tion as at the secondary test. With knowledge about
actual power direction, it can be determined whether
the protection is correct connected.

BP0123CE ZP-BP02E PAM 410/420 13
5 TIMING (PAM420)
5Timing (PAM420)
5.1 Activating using
voltage sense
Detect voltage presence
Detect voltage absence
5.2 Activating using
contact sense
Closing contact
Open contact
Any combination of start and stop can be selected.
The reset button sets the time to zero, and enables a
new start.
Example
If you want to measure the operation time for a 24 V
DC contactor with 110 V DC over a closing contact
under load.
1] Set the START buttons as “Detect voltage
presence”.
2] Connect the start leads across the contactor
coil (regardless of polarity).
3] Set the STOP buttons as “Detect voltage
presence”.
4] Connect the stop leads across the load
(regardless of polarity). If it is desired to
measure directly at the contact, set the stop
buttons as “Detect voltage absence”.

14 PAM 410/420 ZP-BP02E BP0123CE
6 VOLTAGE, CURRENT AND FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS (PAM420)
6
Voltage, current and frequency
measurements (PAM420)
Voltage
1] Press SELECT button to activate the correct
inputs.
One voltage – Measuring input U1
Two voltages – Measuring inputs U1+U2
Current
1] Press SELECT button to activate the correct
inputs.
One current – Measuring input I1
Two currents – Measuring inputs I1+I2
Voltage – Current
Measuring inputs I1+U2
1] Press SELECT button to activate the correct
inputs.
Measuring inputs U1+I2
1] Press SELECT button to activate the correct
inputs.

BP0123CE ZP-BP02E PAM 410/420 15
7 CALIBRATION
7Calibration
7.1 Standard calibration
Equipment needed
▪Accurate DMM, e.g. bench multi meter e.g. Agilent
34401A or Fluke 8845
▪Synthesized voltage and current source
• Preferred 0-500 V AC, 0-25 A AC
• Acceptable 0-300 V AC, 0-15 A AC
Calibration procedure
1] Press ON.
2] When LED’s go on, press and hold ON + SE-
LECT during the entire startup process (about
5 seconds)
The calibration menu will be shown, see
figure below.
0.0
Calibration:
U1: 1.000 down
VSNS1: xxx VSNS2: XXX
Charging
Calibration factorMenu Adjusting down/up
Measured valueChannel being calibrated
Voltage
1] Connect the voltage source to U1.
2] Set voltage to 500.0 V, measure with DMM.
3] Adjust the voltage in the display to 500.0 V.
499.2
Calibration:
U1: 1.000 up
VSNS1: xxx VSNS2: XXX
Charging
4] Press SELECT to adjust “down” or press and
hold SELECT for a few seconds to change to
“up”.
5] Then press SELECT to increase the voltage
reading.
6] Press ON to toggle between U1 and U2.
7] Repeat the same process for U2.
Current
1] Press ON once for I2.
2] Connect the current source to I2 and set cur-
rent to 25.0 A
24.9
Calibration:
I2: 1.000 down
VSNS1: xxx VSNS2: XXX
Done
3] Press SELECT to adjust “down” or press and
hold SELECT for a few seconds to change to
“up”.
4] Then press SELECT to increase the current
reading.
5] Press ON to toggle between I1 and I2
6] To save calibration data, press ON for 3 sec-
onds
7] The instrument will now make an automatic
startup.

16 PAM 410/420 ZP-BP02E BP0123CE
7 CALIBRATION
7.2 Check procedure after
calibration
Voltage
1] Connect U1 to the voltage source
2] Set voltage to 500.0 V and 50.00 Hz
3] Compare instrument reading with DMM
reading (max deviation 0.5 V).
4] Set voltage to 50.0 V and compare (max de-
viation 0.2 V)
5] Repeat the procedure with U2
Note The frequency cannot be adjusted but max
allowed deviation is 0.05 Hz
Current
1] Connect I1 to the current source
2] Set current to 25.0 A
3] Compare instrument reading with DMM
reading (max deviation 0.1 A).
4] Set voltage to 5.0 A and compare (max devia-
tion 0.1 A)
5] Repeat the procedure with I2
Phase angle
1] Connect U1 and U2 to AC source (e.g. 230 V).
If same polarity, phase angle should be 0.0°.
When switching polarity on U2, phase angle
should now be 180.0°. Max deviation al-
lowed is:
±0.5° from 50 – 500 V
±1.0° from 10 – 50 V
±2.0° from 5 – 10 V
7.3 Timer
The timer functionality cannot be calibrated, only
tested if within specifications. As the timer is using the
same internal clock as the frequency measurement,
it is suggested that the timer will show the correct
time as long as the frequency measurement is within
specifications.
1] To check the timer; use another timer with
an accuracy better than 0.02% +/- one digit.

BP0123CE ZP-BP02E PAM 410/420 17
8 SPECIFICATIONS
8Specifications
8.1 Specifications
PAM410/420
Specifications are valid at nominal input voltage and an ambient
temperature of +25°C, (77°F). Specifications are subject to change
without notice.
Environment
Application field The instrument is intended for use in
high-voltage substations and indus-
trial environments.
Temperature
Operating -10°C to +50°C (14°F to +122°F)
Storage & transport -40°C to +70°C (-40°F to +158°F)
Humidity 5% – 95% RH, non-condensing
Altitude < 2000 m above sea level
CE-marking
EMC EN 61326:2006
LVD EN/IEC 61010-1:2001 (Second Edition)
General
Enclosure class IP21
Battery power supply Rechargeable batteries
Mains adapter 100 – 240 V AC, 50 / 60 Hz
Adapter output voltage 9 V DC
Output connector Ø 5.08 mm with Ø 2.54 centre pin (+)
Power consumption 10 W (max)
Dimensions
Instrument 260 x 140 x 55 mm (except handle)
(10.2” x 5.5” x 2.2”)
Transport case 390 x 300 x 140 mm
(15.4” x 11.8” x 5.5”)
Weight 1.2 kg (2.6 lbs)
3.5 kg (7.7 lbs)
with accessories and transport case
Test lead set, with 4 mm
stackable safety plugs
Black 2 x 2 m (6.6 ft), 2.5 mm2
Red 2 x 2 m (6.6 ft), 2.5 mm2
Display Alpha numerical LC display with
backlighter
Measurement section
Phase angle
Range 0 – 359.9° (2 – 500 V and 0.15 – 25 A)
Type of phase angle
measurement
Current-current, voltage-voltage and
current-voltage
Waveform Sinusoidal
Resolution 0.1°
Inaccuracy ±0.5° at >10% of voltage/current
range
±1° at 2 – 10% of voltage/current
range
±2° at 1 – 2% of voltage/current
range
*Current – Inputs I1 and I2
Measurement category CAT III 500 V
CAT IV 300 V
Input range 0 – 25 A AC
Inaccuracy 0.5% of reading
Resolution 0.1 A
Protection Built-in 25 A fast acting fuse, Little-
fuse KLK 25
*Voltage – Inputs U1 and U2
Measurement category CAT III 500 V
CAT IV 300 V
Input range 0 – 500 V AC true RMS
Inaccuracy 0.15 % of reading + 0.03% of range
(± 0.15 V)
Resolution 0.1 V
*Frequency
Note: Frequency component in voltage component only
Range 15 – 75 Hz
Inaccuracy 0.1%
Resolution 0.01 Hz
*Timer
Measurement category CAT II 250 V
Range 0-999.999 s
Resolution 1 ms
Inaccuracy ±0.02% + 2 digits of displayed value
Max input voltage CAT II 250 V AC / DC
Input debouncing filter 1 ms
Voltage mode
Parameter Min Max Unit
Trig AC 9250 V AC
Trig DC 11 250 V DC
Contact mode
Parameter Min Max Unit
Closed contact detection 0 1 kΩ
Open contact detection 4 - kΩ

18 PAM 410/420 ZP-BP02E BP0123CE
8 SPECIFICATIONS

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Postal address:
Megger Sweden AB
Box 724
SE-182 17 DANDERYD
SWEDEN
T [phone]
F [phone]
[e-mail]
www.megger.com
Visiting address:
Megger Sweden AB
Rinkebyvägen 19
SE-182 36 DANDERYD
SWEDEN
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Subject to change without notice. Printed matter No. ZP-BP02E Doc. BP0123CE V03 2014