Met One Instruments ES-412 User manual

ES-412-9800 Manual Rev A Page 1
Met One Instruments, Inc.
1600 NW Washington Blvd.
Grants Pass, Oregon 97526
Telephone [phone]
Facsimile 541-471-7116
ES-412 Particulate Profiler Operation Manual - © Copyright 2021 Met One Instruments, Inc. All rights reserved
worldwide. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or
translated into any other language in any form without the written permission of Met One Instruments, Inc.
ES-412
PARTICULATE PROFILER
OPERATION MANUAL
REVISION A

ES-412-9800 Manual Rev A Page 2

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Table of Contents
1INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................5
1.1 About This Manual.................................................................................................................................5
1.2 Technical Service and Warranty .........................................................................................................5
1.3 About the ES-412 ..................................................................................................................................6
1.4 Laser Radiation Safety and Conformity..............................................................................................6
1.5 ES-412 Specifications...........................................................................................................................7
2ES-412 SETUP and STARTUP ........................................................................................8
2.1 Standard and Optional Accessories ...................................................................................................8
2.2 Mounting Options...................................................................................................................................8
2.3 Setting Up the ES-412........................................................................................................................10
2.4 Electrical Connections ........................................................................................................................11
2.5 Power-Up and Starting Operation.....................................................................................................11
3DOWNLOADING and VIEWING DATA.........................................................................12
3.1 Web Interface.......................................................................................................................................12
3.1.1 How the Cloud Works..................................................................................................................12
3.1.2 Data Retention..............................................................................................................................13
3.2 Comet Software...................................................................................................................................13
3.2.1 Comet Installation.........................................................................................................................14
3.2.2 Setting up a Cloud Station ..........................................................................................................14
4DATA PLANS AND RENEWALS...................................................................................16
5SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS.........................................................................................17
5.1 Terminal Commands Through the Serial Port.................................................................................17
5.1.1 User Communication ...................................................................................................................17
5.1.2 Computer Communication ..........................................................................................................17
5.1.3 Computer Command Format......................................................................................................17
5.1.4 Checksum Computation..............................................................................................................18
5.1.5 Serial Command List....................................................................................................................18
5.2 Serial Command Explanations ..........................................................................................................19
5.2.1 User Data Report..........................................................................................................................19
5.2.2 OI Command.................................................................................................................................19
5.2.3 SK Command................................................................................................................................19
6ES-412 MEASUREMENT METHOD ..............................................................................20
6.1 Sheath Air.............................................................................................................................................20
6.2 Detection...............................................................................................................................................20
6.3 Sizing and Counting............................................................................................................................20
6.4 Calibration.............................................................................................................................................20
6.5 K-Factor ................................................................................................................................................20
6.6 Sample RH Control for Light Scatter Mass......................................................................................21

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7MAINTENANCE and TROUBLESHOOTING...............................................................22
7.1 Basic Problem and Cause/Solution Table .......................................................................................22
7.2 Suggested Periodic Maintenance Intervals .....................................................................................23
7.3 Flow Calibration...................................................................................................................................23
7.4 Filter Change........................................................................................................................................23
7.5 TSP Inlet Cleaning...............................................................................................................................23
7.6 Factory Service Interval......................................................................................................................23
8PARTS and ACCESSORIES...........................................................................................24
8.1 Consumables, Replacement Parts, and Accessories....................................................................24

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1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 About This Manual
This document is organized with the most important information grouped together for easy reference
by the user. All ES-412 owners and operators should read and understand the sections on
installation, setup, and field calibrations. Other sections that provide in-depth information on
subjects such as theory, diagnostics, accessories, and alternate settings provide valuable
information which should be consulted as needed. An electronic version of this manual is also
available.
1.2 Technical Service and Warranty
This manual is structured by customer feedback to provide the required information for setup,
operation, testing, maintaining, and troubleshooting your ES-412 unit. Should you still require
support after consulting your printed documentation, we encourage you to contact one of our expert
Technical Service representatives during normal business hours of 7:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. Pacific
Time, Monday through Friday. In addition, technical information and service bulletins are often
posted on our website. Please contact us and obtain a Return Authorization (RA) number before
sending any equipment back to the factory. This allows us to track and schedule service work and
to expedite customer service.
Phone: [phone] Fax: [phone]
E-Mail: [e-mail] Web: www.metone.com
Address: Technical Services Department
Met One Instruments, Inc.
1600 NW Washington Blvd.
Grants Pass, OR 97526

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1.3 About the ES-412
The Met One Instruments, Inc. model ES-412 Particulate Profiler is a near reference air quality
sensor which automatically measures and records real-time airborne PM2.5 and PM10 particulate
concentration levels using the principle of right angle laser light scatter. Detailed descriptions of the
ES-412 measurement modes can be found in Section 6. Measurement results are sent to a
customized web page dashboard where data can be viewed and downloaded. A geographical map
is included on the dashboard.
Laser Light Scatter System
Sample air is drawn into the ES-412 detector chamber and subjected to an intense laser beam
located at right angles to the flow. Particles pass through the laser beam and scatter light that is
collected by a photodiode detector. The output of the detector is analyzed to determine the number
and size of the particles and mathematically processed to provide indicative particulate mass
measurements.
1.4 Laser Radiation Safety and Conformity
The ES-412, when properly installed and operated, is considered a Class I laser product.
Class I products are not considered to be hazardous.
This system contains a 100 mW diode laser operating at 785 nm wavelength. This is not visible to
the naked eye and can cause damage to the eye if directly exposed. A protective optical housing
fully encapsulates the laser beam and optics system within the ES-412. Do not attempt to
disassemble the optical module. Failure to comply with this instruction could cause accidental
exposure to laser radiation. The manufacturer certifies that this product operates in compliance with
following standards and regulations:
FDA / CDRH This product is tested and complies with 21 CFR, Subchapter J, of the
health and Safety Act of 1968.
US 21 CFR 1040.10.

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Always power down the system whenever service or repair work is being performed inside the
instrument enclosure. Only trained technicians should attempt to repair the ES-412. Routine
maintenance does not require removing the instrument from its weatherproof enclosure.
1.5 ES-412 Specifications
PARAMETER
SPECIFICATION
Measurement Principles:
Right angle light scatter detection, using a laser diode as light source.
Number of Mass Channels:
2 (PM2.5 and PM10)
Sample Air Flow Rate:
1.0 LPM
Sheath Air Flow Rate:
1.0 LPM
Flow Control:
Active Volumetric Flow Control
Data Storage Resolution:
0.1 µg/m3
Laser Type:
Diode Laser, 100 mW, 785 nm.
Pump Type:
Brushless Diaphragm Pump.
Power Supply:
Universal 100-240 VAC input, 50/60Hz. Optional regulated 12VDC.
Power Consumption:
1.2 amps @ 12 VDC average continuous draw with inlet heater running.
0.85 amps running with inlet heater off.
Operating Temperature:
0 to +50°C
Storage Temperature:
-20º to +60º C
Ambient Humidity Range:
0 to 95% RH, non-condensing.
Humidity Control:
Automatic 10 Watt inlet heater module controlled to sample RH, with set point.
GPS:
External GPS module included.
Network Compatibility:
LTE-M (U.S. Domestic) GSM (Internationally w/ over 550 networks)
Data Update Rate To Cloud:
Standard: USA: 15 Minute –Optional: USA 5 Minute
Standard: Global: 60 Minute –Optional: Global 15 Minute
Data Storage on Cloud:
2 Years (oldest data overwritten after that)
Serial Interface:
USB port for PC communications.
Compatible Software:
Comet™, terminal programs such as HyperTerminal®
Factory Service Interval:
24 Months typical, under continuous use in normal ambient air.
Mounting Options:
Pole or wall mount bracket standard. Optional EX-905 tripod recommended.
Unit Weight
8.5 lb
Unit Dimensions
Height: 32" Width: 4.65" Depth: 8.65"
Specifications may be subject to change without notice.

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2 ES-412 SETUP and STARTUP
The ES-412 is designed for rapid deployment and easy setup by a single person in less than 15
minutes in most applications. This section describes the basic assembly, setup, and start-up of the
instrument.
2.1 Standard and Optional Accessories
When unpacking a new ES-412, verify that the contents are undamaged. If the shipping cartons are
damaged, notify the carrier immediately. Verify that the included accessories are correct and
complete. If anything is missing, contact the technical service department at [email protected]
or [phone]. See the Accessories section at the back of this manual for more details. The
normal configuration of the ES-412 is supplied with the following standard accessories:
Weatherproof TSP inlet with debris screen.
Instruction manual.
External power supply and cable.
USB Cable.
Grounding Cable.
Pole/wall mounting bracket.
Transport case
The following optional accessories may or may not also be included, depending on the order:
EX-905 Aluminum Tripod.
External DC power cable for batteries or solar systems (source must be regulated).
Solar power kits (usually drop-shipped from the solar manufacturer). A DC/DC controller is
required to regulate incoming voltage to 12V ±10%.
2.2 Mounting Options
Custom Pole or Wall Mounting:
The ES-412 can be mounted to a pole, mast, or wall using the included mounting bracket. The
bracket must be screwed or bolted to the pole or wall with appropriate hardware. The enclosed bolts
may not be appropriate for the desired mounting. The slot on the handle of the ES-412 slips over
the tab on the mounting bracket.
Typical Mounting Bracket Pole Installation
Note: If mounting the unit to a wall, take care to ensure that there is adequate clear space around
the inlet to allow unrestricted airflow into the instrument. Wall mounting is often not considered ideal
and not recommended due to the airflow and particulate obstruction of the wall itself. Mount the
instrument with no large obstructions nearby whenever possible.

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Tripod Mounting:
The Met One EX-905 aluminum tripod is the recommended mounting for the ES-412 for most
outdoor applications. It is not included as a standard accessory to save expense for users who do
not require it. Deploy the tripod as follows:
1. Remove the three stainless steel detent pins from the tripod base by pulling the rings.
Unfold the three tripod legs and reinsert the three pins so that each pin secures a leg in
the open position. Make sure the erected tripod is rigid and stable.
2. Lift the ES-412 assembly and slide the slot on the handle of the ES-412 over the tab on
the top of the tripod. Insert the supplied ¼-20 bolt through the hole in the body of the
tripod into the hole on the bottom of the ES-412 handle. Turn the rosette handle to screw
into place. This prevents the ES-412 from falling or shifting on the tripod.
3. Site the tripod on a surface that is as level as possible. The tripod feet may be secured to
the ground or mounting surface with bolts, screws, or tent pegs if necessary. Secure the
tripod in windy conditions!
Detent Pins

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2.3 Setting Up the ES-412
Set up the ES-412 hardware items and accessories as described below:
1. Install Inlet Tube: Connect the heater power harness to the mating connector coming out
of the top of the ES-412. Slip the inlet tube and heater assembly onto the top of the ES-412.
Make sure that the inner aluminum inlet tube is seated fully into the receiver inside the top.
You may need to loosen the waterproof fitting at the top of the heater assembly in order to
seat the inlet tube correctly. Align the outer housing with the 3 pins on the base mounting
and one screw hole, twist, and secure with the 8/32 x 3/8 screw.
2. Install TSP inlet: The included weatherproof TSP inlet is simply installed directly onto the
top of the ES-412 inlet tube to keep water, insects, and debris out of the instrument. Lubricate
the o-rings if necessary. Never operate the ES-412 outdoors without the TSP inlet in place,
as the resulting water/debris damage is not covered under warranty.
3. Antenna: Rotate the antenna upwards and secure its position with the quick release pin.
4. AC Power Supply: If the ES-412 is to be operated on AC line voltage, bolt the power supply
to one of the legs of the tripod with U-bolts. Plug the power supply output cable into the DC
power input on the bottom of the ES-412. When the power supply is plugged into AC power,
the ES-412 will turn on automatically.

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2.4 Electrical Connections
The ES-412 has two weatherproof connectors on the bottom of the enclosure, one for power input
and the other for communication. The ES-412 will turn on automatically whenever a 12V power
source is connected to the power input.
The ES-412 chassis ground lug should be connected to an earth ground with the supplied grounding
cable whenever possible, to reduce potential EMI/RFI electrical noise in the unit.
2.5 Power-Up and Starting Operation
As soon as power is applied to the ES-412, the unit will automatically begin to sample and report
data to the Cloud at the proper interval (15 minutes in the USA standard, 5 minute optional, 60
minutes Global version, 15 minute rate optional). Please allow several data intervals worth of time
for the first data points to appear.
Chassis Ground Lug

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3 DOWNLOADING and VIEWING DATA
Currently, Met One offers two options for downloading and viewing the data from an ES-412 system;
a web interface and a windows application. This section will cover both options.
3.1 Web Interface
The first method for downloading and viewing the data is through the web portal. Each customer
will be sent a private link to a custom dashboard in which users can view, chart, and
download/export their data.
3.1.1 How the Cloud Works
The ES-412 uses a cloud service for storing and viewing data from the connected sensors. After
the sensor collects the data, it connects to the internet and designated secure Cloud site via its
internal cell modem. Once connected it will push the data to the cloud site. Users may then go to
their dashboard and view their data in gauge, chart, and tabular formats.

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Below is an example dashboard setup:
Note: Customers are sent a unique web link with their system.
3.1.2 Data Retention
The cloud site stores data for a minimum of 2 years, after which the oldest records may be over-
written. Met One recommends using the Comet utility program to routinely download data and store
the data to a local computer or network. Comet automatically creates a time stamped, comma
separated CSV data file when data is downloaded. The CSV file can befound in the My Documents
folder.
3.2 Comet Software
The ES-412 is compatible with the free copy of the Comet™ program. Comet is a simple, Windows-
based, communications terminal program developed by Met One Instruments, Inc. Comet allows
the user to connect to the cloud and download the data from each cloud service webpage.
The Comet software also contains a comprehensive pdf user’s manual for the program. Install the
program onto the computer you will be using and review the manual for more operational details.
A link to the Comet software is available at https://metone.com/software/.
Comet is a communications terminal program which can retrieve data from the ES-412 using
a direct local connection or a remote connection via an IP address or a variety of modem options.
Warning: A Silicon Labs CP210x Driver for the USB connection must be installed before
connecting to the USB Type B port. Driver download weblink:
https://www.silabs.com/products/development-tools/software/usb-touart-bridge-vcp-drivers

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3.2.1 Comet Installation
Download the Comet software onto a PC and run the Windows Installer Package. Follow the on-
screen instructions until Comet is successfully installed, then run it from the Programs directory.
Create a new station for the ES-412 and use it to retrieve the data from the monitor.
3.2.2 Setting up a Cloud Station
The first time the Comet program is opened it prompts the user to create a new station for your
Cloud site. If Comet does not prompt you, go to the top left menu and select Add New Station to
create a new station.
Select the Cloud Device Product Type and click next.

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Select the Met One Cloud Product Type and click next.
Enter a Station ID, API key, and Serial Number for the ES-412.
Note: Customers will receive an API on the provided configuration sheet; a digital copy can be
obtained from the Met One Instruments Service department.

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Press the Retrieve button to open the Retrieve Data menu screen. When prompted, enter a data
range and press OK to download your station’s data from the cloud.
Comet will connect to the cloud site and download the device’s data. Users can use the data tab
and chart tab to view the data. When Comet downloads the data, a CSV file is created in the users
My Documents folder.
4 DATA PLANS AND RENEWALS
The ES-412 includes three years of cellular data and website hosting at no extra charge. The cloud
service can be renewed by contacting the Met One Service department at [email protected] or
541-471-7111.
The following yearly data plans are available:
680785 CCS Data Plan, 15 Min USA
680786 CCS Data Plan, 5 Min USA
680783 CCS Data Plan, 60 Min Global
680784 CCS Data Plan, 15 Min Global

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5 SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS
This section describes how to communicate with the ES-412 to change settings and perform
calibrations. Communication through the serial port is easy using simple terminal or escape
commands and a terminal emulator program of choice. The ES-412 default baud rate is 115,200.
5.1 Terminal Commands Through the Serial Port
When a serial connection between the computer terminal program and the ES-412 has been
established, you will have access to send the following commands through the serial port with
keyboard strokes or ASCII characters.
There are two modes of communication:
1. User communication –This is a user interactive mode using simple letter commands for ease
of use.
2. Computer communication –This mode is used for computer-to-device communication. It has
a level of data integrity.
5.1.1 User Communication
In the user communication mode (terminal mode), press the Enter key, <cr>, three times to enter
terminal command mode. In this mode simple character commands can be issued with no <Esc>
character required.
An asterisk character appears during wake-up and after a command has completed. The asterisk
indicates that the instrument is ready for a new command.
Commands are echoed back from the instrument in this mode. Commands are terminated by the
Enter key <cr>.
A help menu can be viewed by sending H, h, or ?; giving all the commands available to the user.
Pressing <Esc>, X<cr> or Q<cr> will exit user mode
Note: After a few minutes, the ES-412 will stop waiting for a command and you will have to send
another series of three carriage returns to reestablish the command prompt connection.
5.1.2 Computer Communication
In the computer communication mode, the command format has an optional level of data integrity
–checksum. This is enabled whenever an <Esc> character is sent to the instrument. Character
echo is suppressed in this mode.
5.1.3 Computer Command Format
The computer command has the following format:
<Esc>Cmd p1 p2*cs<cr>
Computer commandsare prefaced with an <Esc> (0x1B) characterfollowed directly by a command,
Cmd, which is variable in length depending on the command. After the command characters there
can be zero or more parameter fields, p1 p2. Each parameter field is delimited by one or more
Space characters (0x20).

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A computer command requesting product revision example follows:
<Esc>rv
ES-412, 83505, R1.0.0.2
5.1.4 Checksum Computation
Checksum is calculated as the 16 bit unsigned integer sum of all characters after the <Esc>
character up to but not Including the Checksum Delimiter Character * (0x2A). It is printed out as an
ASCII decimal number.
The result is always 5 characters in length with leading zeros.
A valid checksum may be signaled in the following manner: *//<cr>
The same command example with checksum follows:
<Esc>rv*//
ES-412, 83505, R1.0.0.2*01272
5.1.5 Serial Command List
The command set descriptions are listed in the following table:
Command
Function
#
Get MetRecord revision.
1
Report settings.
2
Report All data.
3
Report New data.
4
Report Last data.
7
Alarm Report
E
End (Stop) sample cycle.
H, ?
Help menu.
S
Start a sample cycle.
Q
Exit User mode and enter Computer mode.
DT
Get/Set date and time. yyyyMMddHHmmss
ID
Get/Set location ID or address. The range is 1 to 999.
OI
Interval Output On/Off. 1=Enabled, 0=Disabled.
QH
Query Header
RF
Reference flow for calibration
RO
Report Options. Uses bit flags for the different readings. Add up all the bit flags
for combinations needed
Reading
Bit
Add
Flow
0
1
Temperature (FT)
1
2
Pressure (FP)
2
4
RH (FRH)
3
8
e.g. RO 11 = Flow, Temperature, RH
RQ
Request last reading.
RV
Get product information.
SB
Get/Set serial baud rate. 3=2400, 4=4800, 5=9600, 6=19200,
7=38400,8=57600,9=115200.
SK
Set PM K Factors. K Factor range is 0.1-20.0. PM2.5=1, PM10=2
SPR
RH Setpoint to turn inlet heater on.

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5.2 Serial Command Explanations
5.2.1 User Data Report
The 2, 3, 4 and RQ commands will print the User Data Report.
The Time field is the standard ISO style time stamp. The optional fields follow.
The Data Report is as follows:
Time,PM2.5(ug/m3),PM10(ug/m3),FLOW1(lpm),FT(C),FP(mmHg),FRH(%)
2020-06-11 12:19:00,001.8,019.7,1.00,+37.6,659.0,11.1
5.2.2 OI Command
When OI is set to 1, the unit will volunteer a record after each sample period similar to the User
Data Report.
5.2.3 SK Command
This is used to set the K factors for each PM size. PM2.5=1, PM10=2. It is entered as SK (PM#)
(K factor). A typical command and response for each PM size is as follows.
*SK 1 2.70
SK 2,2.70,PM2.5
*SK 2 2.16
SK 2,2.16,PM10

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6 ES-412 MEASUREMENT METHOD
The Met One Instruments, Inc model ES-412 is a type of air quality sensor which automatically
measures and records real-time airborne PM10 and PM2.5 particulate concentration levels using the
principle of right-angle laser light scatter. This section describes the measurement systems.
6.1 Sheath Air
The Particle Profiler uses a sheath air system. When a particle counter is to be used to sample
aerosols containing high concentrations of particles, the sensor should incorporate sheath air to
prevent particles from contaminating the internal optics of the sensor. The particle laden sample air
is enclosed in a sheath of clean filtered air that prevents particles from escaping. Sample air is
drawn into the ES-412 by an internal pump. Flow rate is controlled with a flow sensor to maintain
constant 1 LPM flow on the inlet nozzle. Additional air is added around the sample flow to contain
the particles.
6.2 Detection
The ES-412 is always ready to detect particles. Sample air is drawn into the detector chamber and
subjected to an intense laser beam located at right angles to the flow. The laser beam has been
shaped to produce a flat very thin beam, producing a small sample area. Light travels through the
sample stream and terminates in the light trap. Particles pass through the laser beam and scatter
light. The amount of light scattered is proportional to the size of the particle. A portion of this light
scatters toward the elliptical mirror. This light is then directed to the detector. The output of the
detector is then analyzed to determine the number of particles and the size of the particles.
Detected particles are multiplied by a fixed density to provide an indicative particulate mass
measurement.
6.3 Sizing and Counting
The amount of scattered light is converted to a voltage pulse and based on the amplitude of the
pulse signal it will pass through one or more of the size discriminators and into the associated
counter(s).
6.4 Calibration
Calibration is performed at Met One Instruments using ideal (PSL) spheres, which provide a
powerful tool for assessing the sensitivity, accuracy, resolution and false count level. The particle
detector is compared to a reference mono-dispersed (single size) suspension of polystyrene latex
(PSL) spheres in clean filtered airfor both calibration and certification of performance specifications.
This calibration technique serves two purposes:
1. Provides a standard traceable reference.
2. Provides a measure of how well the unit maintains its calibration (reproducibility).
6.5 K-Factor
The ES-412 Particulate Profiler’s PSL sphere calibration provides an extremely consistent
calibration but does not generally match the characteristics of all ambient particulate. A K-Factor
(multiplier) must be established for good accuracy and correlation to collocated instruments.