Met One Instruments BAM-1020 User manual

Met One Instruments, Inc.
1600 NW Washington Blvd.
Grants Pass, OR 97526
Telephone: [phone]
Facsimile: [phone]
www.metone.com
BAM 1020 Particulate Monitor Operation Manual - ©
Copyright 2020 Met One Instruments, Inc. All Rights Reserved
worldwide. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any
other language in any form without the express written permission of Met One Instruments, Inc.
BAM 1020
P
ARTICULATE
M
ONITOR
O
PERATION
M
ANUAL
BAM 1020-9805 R
EV
A

Page 2 BAM 1020-9805 Manual Rev A.docx
Table of Contents
1 INTRODUCTION 5
1.1 About This Manual ................................................................................................................. 5
1.2 Technical Service ................................................................................................................... 6
1.3 BAM: Beta Attenuation Monitor .............................................................................................. 6
1.4 Beta Radiation Safety Statement ........................................................................................... 7
1.5 BAM 1020 US-EPA Configurations ........................................................................................ 7
1.6 BAM 1020 Other Configurations ............................................................................................ 7
1.7 BAM 1020 Specifications ....................................................................................................... 8
2 SITE SELECTION AND INSTALLATION 9
2.1 Unpacking, Inspection, and Evaluation Testing ..................................................................... 9
2.2 Enclosure Selection and Temperature Control ...................................................................... 9
2.3 Site Selection and Inlet Positioning Criteria ......................................................................... 10
2.4 Mounting Options in a Walk-In Shelter ................................................................................. 10
2.5 BAM 1020 Installation Instructions ....................................................................................... 11
2.6 BAM 1020 Power and Electrical Service .............................................................................. 19
2.7 Configuring External Sensors .............................................................................................. 20
2.7.1 Configuring the BX-597A / BX-598 Sensor .......................................................................... 20
2.7.2 Changing Sensor Addresses ............................................................................................... 20
3 USER INTERFACE 22
3.1 Main Operating Screen ........................................................................................................ 23
3.2 Menu Hierarchy and Navigation ........................................................................................... 25
3.3 The OPERATE Menu ........................................................................................................... 27
3.3.1 Load Filter Tape ................................................................................................................... 27
3.3.2 Transfer Data ....................................................................................................................... 28
3.3.3 About ................................................................................................................................... 29
3.3.4 Conc Chart ........................................................................................................................... 29
3.4 The TEST Menu System – Overview ................................................................................... 30
3.4.1 Leak Test ............................................................................................................................. 30
3.4.2 Ambient Temperature .......................................................................................................... 31
3.4.3 Ambient Pressure ................................................................................................................ 31
3.4.4 Flow Calibration ................................................................................................................... 31
3.4.5 Self Test ............................................................................................................................... 32
3.4.6 Filter Sensors ....................................................................................................................... 32
3.4.7 Span Membrane .................................................................................................................. 33
3.4.8 Tape Sensors ....................................................................................................................... 34
3.4.9 Inlet Heater .......................................................................................................................... 35
3.4.10 Beta Counter ........................................................................................................................ 35
3.4.11 Membrane Sensors .............................................................................................................. 36
3.4.12 Nozzle Sensors .................................................................................................................... 36
3.4.13 Digital Link ........................................................................................................................... 37
3.4.14 Relay Outputs ...................................................................................................................... 37
3.4.15 Analog Calibration ................................................................................................................ 38

BAM 1020-9805 Manual Rev A.docx Page 3
3.4.16 Analog Output ...................................................................................................................... 38
3.5 Setup Menu Description ....................................................................................................... 39
3.5.1 Clock .................................................................................................................................... 40
3.5.2 Sample ................................................................................................................................. 40
3.5.3 Flow ..................................................................................................................................... 41
3.5.4 Calibration ............................................................................................................................ 41
3.5.5 Inlet Heater .......................................................................................................................... 42
3.5.6 Units ..................................................................................................................................... 43
3.5.7 Clear Memory ...................................................................................................................... 44
3.5.8 Password ............................................................................................................................. 44
3.5.9 Reports ................................................................................................................................ 45
3.5.10 Alarms .................................................................................................................................. 50
3.5.11 Station ID ............................................................................................................................. 51
3.5.12 Met Average ......................................................................................................................... 51
3.5.13 Analog Outputs .................................................................................................................... 52
3.5.14 Serial Ports .......................................................................................................................... 52
3.5.15 Modbus ................................................................................................................................ 53
3.5.16 Ethernet ............................................................................................................................... 53
3.5.17 Ethernet Config .................................................................................................................... 53
3.5.18 Sound Volume ..................................................................................................................... 54
3.5.19 Touch Calibration ................................................................................................................. 54
3.5.20 Set Language ....................................................................................................................... 54
3.6 Alarms Menu ........................................................................................................................ 55
4 INITIAL SETUP OF THE BAM 1020 56
4.1 Power Up ............................................................................................................................. 56
4.2 Warm-up Period ................................................................................................................... 56
4.3 The Main Operate Screen .................................................................................................... 56
4.4 Filter Tape Loading .............................................................................................................. 57
4.5 Self-Test............................................................................................................................... 58
4.6 Initial Setup Settings Considerations ................................................................................... 59
4.7 Initial Leak Check and Flow Check ...................................................................................... 59
4.8 Starting a Measurement Cycle ............................................................................................. 59
5 THE MEASUREMENT CYCLE 60
5.1 The One-Hour Cycle Timeline .............................................................................................. 60
5.2 Automatic Span Checks During The Cycle .......................................................................... 61
5.3 Filter Tape Use .................................................................................................................... 62
6 MAINTENANCE, DIAGNOSTICS and TROUBLESHOOTING 63
6.1 Met One Recommended Periodic Maintenance Table ......................................................... 63
6.2 Filter Sensor Tests ............................................................................................................... 64
6.2.1 Filter Temperature Sensor Tests ......................................................................................... 64
6.2.2 Filter Humidity Sensor Tests ................................................................................................ 65
6.2.3 Filter Pressure Sensor Tests................................................................................................ 65
6.3 Flow System and Flow Calibrations ..................................................................................... 66
6.3.1 Flow System Diagram .......................................................................................................... 66

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6.3.2 Flow Control ......................................................................................................................... 66
6.3.3 Total Flow (Q
TOT
) and Flow Rate (LPM) Conversions .......................................................... 66
6.3.4 About Leak Checks, Nozzle Cleaning, and Flow Checks .................................................... 67
6.3.5 Leak Check Procedure ........................................................................................................ 67
6.3.6 Nozzle and Vane Cleaning Procedure ................................................................................. 72
6.3.7 Field Calibration of the Flow System .................................................................................... 74
6.4 BAM 1020 Error and Alarm Descriptions ............................................................................. 76
6.4.1 Alarm Relay ......................................................................................................................... 78
6.5 Comparison of BAM 1020 Data to Integrated Filter Sampler Data ....................................... 79
6.6 Power Up Problems and Electrical Safety Considerations ................................................... 80
6.7 Basic Problem and Cause/Solution Table ............................................................................ 81
6.8 Nozzle Component Service and O-ring Replacement .......................................................... 84
6.9 Performing the 72-Hour Zero Filter Background Test .......................................................... 85
7 DATA COLLECTION AND COMMUNICATIONS 87
7.1 Back Panel Connections ...................................................................................................... 87
7.2 External Data Logger Interface System ............................................................................... 88
7.2.1 Analog Concentration Output Signal .................................................................................... 88
7.2.2 Early Cycle Mode Option For Analog Data Collection .......................................................... 89
7.2.3 Interfacing a Digital Data logger with the BAM 1020 ............................................................ 90
7.3 Digital Communications and Data Retrieval ......................................................................... 91
7.3.1 Direct Serial Port Connections and Settings ........................................................................ 91
7.3.2 Using Met One Comet Communications Software ............................................................... 92
7.3.3 Downloading Data Using Simple Terminal Programs .......................................................... 93
7.3.4 Help Menu and Command Descriptions Using a Terminal Program .................................... 94
7.3.5 Modem Option ..................................................................................................................... 99
7.3.6 BAM 1020 Firmware Upgrade .............................................................................................. 99
8 ACCESSORIES and PARTS 100
8.1 Consumables, Replacement Parts, and Accessories ........................................................ 100
9 THEORY OF OPERATION 105
9.1 Converting Data Between EPA Standard and Actual Conditions ....................................... 106

BAM 1020-9805 Manual Rev A.docx Page 5
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 About This Manual
This document is organized with the most important information toward the front of the manual, such
as site selection, installation, setups, and field calibrations.
Toward the back are sections that provide in-depth information on subjects such as theory,
diagnostics, accessories, and alternate settings. These sections provide valuable information which
should be consulted as needed. Electronic versions of this manual are also available.
This manual is periodically revised for maximum accuracy, and to incorporate new features or
updates. Below is a brief description of the BAM 1020 manual revision history:
Rev Released Manual Description
A 2020-06-09 Initial release of BAM 1020 (83440)
Table 1-1 BAM 1020 Manual Change Summary

Page 6 BAM 1020-9805 Manual Rev A.docx
1.2 Technical Service
Technical Service representatives are available during normal business hours of 7:00 a.m. to 4:00
p.m. Pacific Time, Monday through Friday. In addition, technical information and service bulletins are
available from our website. Please contact us at the phone number or email address below to obtain
a Return Authorization (RA) number before sending any equipment back to the factory.
Phone: [phone] Fax: [phone]
E-Mail: [email protected] Web: www.metone.com
Address: Technical Services Department
Met One Instruments, Inc.
1600 NW Washington Blvd.
Grants Pass, OR 97526
All BAM 1020 monitors have a serial number on the label on the back panel, embossed on the two
metal NRC tags, and printed on the calibration certificate. This number is needed if contacting the
technical service department to request information about repairs or updates for the BAM 1020. The
serial number begins with a letter which represents the year of manufacture, followed by a unique
four or five digit number. Example: Y21723 was built in 2019.
Letter Year Letter Year Letter Year
Y 2019 K 2029 A 2039
A 2020 M 2030 B 2040
B 2021 N 2031 C 2041
C 2022 P 2032 D 2042
D 2023 R 2033 E 2043
E 2024 T 2034 F 2044
F 2025 U 2035 G 2045
G 2026 W 2036 H 2046
H 2027 X 2037 J 2047
J 2028 Y 2038 K 2048
Table 1-2 Met One Instruments, Inc. Serial Number Designations by Year
1.3 BAM:
B
eta
A
ttenuation
M
onitor
The Met One Instruments BAM 1020 beta attenuation mass monitor automatically measures and
records ambient particulate mass concentration levels using the principle of beta ray attenuation. This
method provides a simple determination of the ambient concentration of particulate matter in mg/m
3
or μg/m
3
. A small
14
C (carbon 14) element inside of the BAM 1020 provides a constant source of beta
rays. The beta rays traverse a path through which glass fiber filter tape is passed before being
detected with a scintillation detector. At the beginning of the measurement cycle the beta ray count
(I
0
) across clean filter tape is recorded. Then, an external pump pulls a known volume of PM-laden air
through the filter tape thereby trapping the PM on the filter tape. At the end of the measurement cycle
the beta ray count (I
3
) is re-measured across PM-laden filter tape. The ratio of I
0
to I
3
is used to
determine the mass density of collected PM on the filter tape. A complete description of the
measurement cycle is included in Section 5.1. In addition, a scientific explanation of the theory of
operation and the related equations is included at the back of the manual.

BAM 1020-9805 Manual Rev A.docx Page 7
1.4 Beta Radiation Safety Statement
The Met One Instruments BAM 1020 contains a small
14
C (carbon 14) beta radiation-emitting source.
The activity of the source is 60 Ci ±15 Ci (microcuries), which is below the “Exempt Concentration
Limit” of 100 µCi as determined by the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (US-NRC). The
owner or operator of the BAM 1020 is not required to have a license to possess or operate the
equipment under US-NRC regulations. The owner may however elect to return the monitor to Met
One Instruments for recycling of the
14
C source when the monitor has reached the end of its service
life, although is under no obligation to do so. Under no circumstances should anyone but factory
technicians attempt to remove or access the
14
C source.
14
C has a half-life of about 5730 years and
should never need to be replaced. Neither the
14
C source nor the detector are serviceable in the field.
Should these components require repair or replacement, the BAM 1020 must be returned to the
factory for service and recalibration.
1.5 BAM 1020 US-EPA Configurations
The BAM 1020 is US-EPA designated for PM
10
, PM
2.5
and PM
10-2.5
under the following designation
numbers:
 Designation Number: EQPM-0798-122 (PM
10
)
 Designation Number: EQPM-0308-170 (PM
2.5
with BGI/Mesa Labs VSCC™ or Tisch Cyclone)
 Designation Number: EQPM-0715-266 (PM
2.5
with URG Cyclone)
 Designation Number: EQPM-0709-185 (PM
10-2.5
with BGI/Mesa Labs Cyclones)
US-EPA designated methods using the BAM 1020 are modified from time to time in order to reflect
hardware or software improvements. These modifications do not impact previously designated
configurations of the BAM 1020 but may provide the end user with a product upgrade path that will
allow the monitor to continue to be operated as a US-EPA designated method. For further details,
please contact our service department. Details concerning US-EPA designated configurations of the
BAM 1020 may be found on the US-EPA website:
https://www.epa.gov/amtic/air-monitoring-methods-criteria-pollutants
1.6 BAM 1020 Other Configurations
The BAM 1020 is used worldwide. Although many international jurisdictions use the US-EPA
configurations, others do not. Consult with the appropriate local monitoring authority for details on
how the BAM 1020 should be configured and operated locally.

Page 8 BAM 1020-9805 Manual Rev A.docx
1.7 BAM 1020 Specifications
PARAMETER SPECIFICATION
Measurement Principle Particulate Concentration by Beta Attenuation.
U.S. EPA Designations
PM
10
: EQPM-0798-122
PM
2.5
EQPM-0308-170
PM
2.5
EQPM-0715-266
PM
10-2.5
EQPM-0709-185
Standard Range 0 - 10.000 mg/m
3
(0 – 10,000 g/m
3
)
Accuracy Exceeds US-EPA Class III PM
2.5
FEM standards for additive and multiplicative
bias
Lower Detection Limit < 4.8 g/m
3
(2σ) (1 hour) (< 4.0 g/m
3
typical) (8-minute count time)
Lower Detection Limit < 1.0 g/m
3
(2σ) (24 hour)
Measurement Cycle Time 1 hour
Flow Rate 16.67 liters/minute
Filter Tape Glass fiber filter
Span Check Nominally 800 μg/cm
2
Beta Source C-14 (carbon-14), 60 µCi ±15 µCi (< 2.22 X 106 Beq), Half-Life 5730 years
Beta Detector Type Photomultiplier tube with scintillator
Operating Temp. Range 0° to +50°C
Ambient Humidity Range 0 to 90% RH, non-condensing
Humidity Control Actively controlled inlet heater module
Approvals U.S. EPA, MCERTS, CE, NRC, TUV, CARB, ISO 001
Standard User Interface 4.3” graphic color touch screen display
Analog Output Two channels; 0-1, 0-2.5, 0-5 VDC
Serial Interface
One (1) full duplex RS-232, one (1) half duplex RS-485 serial port for PC or
modem communications
One (1) USB Type B serial port
One (1) Ethernet port
Two (2) RS-485 serial ports for sensor network
Alarm Contact Closure 1 channel; dry NO contact; 1 A at 125 VAC or 60 VDC maximum.
Compatible Software Air Plus™, Comet™, HyperTerminal
®
Error Reporting User-configurable. Available through serial port, display, and relay outputs
Memory 14,000 records (1.5 Years @ 1 record/hr)
Power Supply 100-240 VAC 50/60 Hz universal input; 12 VDC, 8.5 A output
Power Consumption Unit: 12W; Heater: 100W/175W; Medo Pump 150W; GAST Pump 530W
Weight 19 kg (42 lbs) without external accessories
Unit Dimensions H x W x D = 36.2cm x 48.3cm x 46.7cm (14.25” x 19” x 18”).
Specifications may be subject to change without notice.

BAM 1020-9805 Manual Rev A.docx Page 9
Table 1-3 BAM 1020 Specifications
2 SITE SELECTION AND INSTALLATION
2.1 Unpacking, Inspection, and Evaluation Testing
If any damage to the shipment is noticed before unpacking, a claim must be filed with the
commercial carrier immediately. Notify Met One Instruments after notification of the commercial
carrier.
Unpack the BAM 1020 and accessories and compare them to the packing list to make sure all of the
required items are included for the type of installation planned. A separate quick setup guide with
color photos of most of the common accessories will be included with this manual. Operators can use
the quick setup guide to fully configure and operate the BAM 1020 on a test bench if desired.
The BAM 1020 is shipped with one or two white foam rings and a white plastic shim inside the front of
the BAM 1020, which prevent the moving parts of the tape control assembly from being damaged
during transit. The rings and shim should be replaced when the BAM 1020 is being transported in
order to avoid damaging the tape control mechanism. Do not ship or transport the BAM 1020 with
filter tape installed. Met One Instruments, Inc. recommends keeping the special shipping box and
foam packing material which the BAM 1020 came in as they could be re-used if the BAM 1020 needs
to be transported to another site or returned to the factory for any reason.
2.2 Enclosure Selection and Temperature Control
The BAM 1020 monitor is not weatherproof. It is designed to be mounted in a weatherproof, level, low
vibration, dust free, and temperature-stable environment where the operating temperature is between
0
o
C and +50
o
C, and where the relative humidity is non-condensing and does not exceed 90%. There
are two standard configurations described below for providing a weatherproof location in which to
install the BAM 1020. Please contact Met One Instruments, Inc. for advice if there is a need to use a
non-standard mounting or enclosure configuration.
1. A walk-in shelter or building: These are usually semi-portable pre-fabricated shelters or
portable trailers with a flat roof, or a room in a permanent building or structure. The BAM 1020
may be placed on a workbench or mounted in an equipment rack. The inlet tube of the BAM
must extend up through a hole in the roof of the structure with appropriate sealing hardware.
AC power must be available. Instructions for this type of installation are included in this section
of this manual.
2. BX-902/903/906 mini weatherproof enclosures: these small pre-fabricated enclosures are
just big enough for the BAM and related accessories and are installed on the ground or on the
roof of a larger building. They are available with a heater (BX-902), or with a heater and air
conditioner (BX-903). A dual-unit air conditioned mini shelter is also available (BX-906). These
enclosures are all specified by Met One to accept the BAM 1020, and are supplied with a
supplemental installation manual.
Shelter Temperature Control Notes: The air temperature inside a BAM shelter or enclosure is not
required to be regulated to any specific narrow range or set point (such as 25 °C), subject to the
following caveats:

Page 10 BAM 1020-9805 Manual Rev A.docx
1. The shelter temperature must stay between 0 and 50 °C inside at all times or alarms and
failures may result. Remember that the vacuum pump and inlet heater can contribute
significantly to shelter heating.
2. The exact shelter temperature within the 0-50 °C range is not critical. However, temperature
changes during the measurement cycle can lead to measurement artifacts. These artifacts,
when present tend to present only during hourly measurements and are generally insignificant
when daily averages are calculated.
3. BAM 1020 users in hot climates where the ambient temperature exceeds 40 °C should
consider using the model BX-903 air conditioned mini shelter or an air conditioned walk-in
shelter to avoid over-heating the BAM 1020.
4. The portion of the inlet tube inside of the shelter or building should always be adequately
insulated. This is especially important when the equipment is operated under conditions of high
ambient dew point. Otherwise condensation could occur inside the sampling tube and/or
measurement artifacts could result. If this proves to be an issue, the user may consider
increasing the temperature inside the shelter to a point closer to ambient temperature. The
BAM 1020 should not be placed directly in the path on an air conditioning vent.
2.3 Site Selection and Inlet Positioning Criteria
Met One Instruments, Inc. recommends checking for local regulations and guidance documentation
that may exist before selecting the site in which to install the BAM 1020. For example, US-EPA
provides a variety guidance documents where site selection issues are addressed. Such guidance
and regulation may provide information concerning:
1. Inlet height
2. Spacing and clearance
3. Proximity to particulate sources, both mobile and stationary
4. Additional siting criteria or considerations
These details should be understood before selecting a site.
2.4 Mounting Options in a Walk-In Shelter
When the BAM 1020 is to be located in a walk-in shelter, it may be installed in either an equipment
rack or on a bench top. Take the following into account when planning the mounting:
 Rear Access: It is important to leave plenty of access to the rear of the BAM 1020 for wiring
connections and maintenance. At least five inches is required. Full access to the back is
recommended whenever possible. There must be adequate access to the power switch
located on the back of the instrument.
 Top Access: It is necessary to have a minimum of eight inches clearance between the top of
the BAM 1020 inlet receiver and the bottom of the shelter ceiling to accommodate the smart
inlet heater.
 Mobile Shelters: If the BAM 1020 is being installed into an equipment rack in a mobile trailer
or van, then additional care should be taken to ensure that the mounting can handle the
additional strain. The foam shipping rings must also be inserted any time a mobile shelter is
moved with the BAM 1020 inside.