MFJ MFJ-213 User manual

ME)
MEFJ Antenna Analyzer
1.0 to 60.0 MHz
Model MFJ-213
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
CAUTION: Read All Instructions Before Operating Equipment
MFJ ENTERPRISES, INC.
300 Industrial Park Road
Starkville, MS 39759 USA
)2-323-5869 Fax: 662-323. Tel: 66: 6551
CopymianT 2013 MS ENTERPRIBES, INC.

MFJ-213 HF/VHF/UHF Antenna Analyzer Instruction Manual
DISCLAIMER
Information in this manual is designed for user purposes only and is nof|
intended to supersede information contained in customer regulations,
technical manuals/documents, positional handbooks, or other official
publications. The copy of this manual provided to the customer will not be
updated to reflect current data.
Customers using this manual should report errors or omissions,
recommendations for improvements, or other comments to MFJ Enterprises,
300 Industrial Park Road, Starkville, MS 39759. Phone: [phone];
FAX: [phone]. Business hours: M-F 8-4:30 CST.
Version 1 ii © 2012 MFI Enterprises, Inc

MFJ-213 HF/VHF/UHF Antenna Analyzer Instruction Manual
Contents
1.0 Introduction me
2.0 Power Sources ..
2.1 Internal Batteries.
2.2 External Power Supply..
3.0 Operating Mode...
3.1 Main Menu Screen...
3.1.1 Antenna Analyzer Mode (1.Antenna)
3.1.2 Return Loss (2.Loss)
3.1.3 L/C Measurement Mode (3.LC-meter)
3.1.4 Li-ion Battery Charge (4.Chr)
3.1.5 Bluetooth link (6.BTIk
4.0 Frequency Selection.
4.1 Variable Tuning.
4.2 HF-Band Selection
5.0 Accuracy Limit
5.1 SWR Measurements and Local Interference
5.2 Checking for Local Interference.
5.3 Detector Linearity and Accuracy
5.4 Calibration-Plane Error
5.5 Sign Ambiguity (+ j)
6.0 Antenna Measurement:
6.1 Antenna Connector:
6.2 SWR
6.3 Measuring SWR
6.4 SWR, Bandwidth, and Resonanci
6.5 Antenna Tuning.
6.6 Antenna matching
6.7 Matching antennas through a tuner (.
6.8 Antenna Impedance Readings .
6.9 Unpredictable SWR.
7.0 Advanced Functions.
7.1 Stimulus Generator as a Signal Sourc
7.2 Measuring Unknown Capacitance.
7.3 Measuring Unknown Inductance.
7.4 Determining Cable Velocity Factor
7.5 Tuning a %4-Wave or '4-Wave Coaxial Stub..
7.6 Checking Coax Cable.
7.7 Testing RF Transformers ..
7.8 Checking HF Baluns ..
NOTES:
8.0 Quick Guide to Analyzer Controls and Functions .
Powe
Power Up:
Main Menu Screen:
Set Up Stimulus Frequency:
Return Loss Function (2.Loss):
LIC Function (3,LC-mets
Charging Function (4.Chr
Technical Assistance ..
12 MONTH LIMITED WARRANT"
2
Version 1 iii © 2012 MFI Enterprises, Inc

—
MFJ-213
HF/VHF/UHF
Antenna
Analyzer
Instruction
Manual
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Important: Read Section-2 before attempting to use your analyzer --
applying
incorrect
operating
voltages
could
result
in
permanent
damage!
Also, never apply a DC voltage to the antenna connector.
General Description: The MFJ-213 is a self-contained handheld RF
analyzer that performs the following diagnostic functions:
SWR (1:1 to 9.9:1)
Complex Impedance (Z = R + jX)
Impedance Magnitude (Z in Q)
Return Loss (in dB)
Cable Loss (in dB)
Capacitance (in pF)
Inductance (in uH)
The MFJ-213 also generates a 0-dBm RF signal that may be used to check
receivers, networks, amplifiers, and antenna patterns. Operating range is:
HF: 1.00 — 60.00 MHz
The
MFJ-213
uses
a
DDS
signal
generator
giving
a
stable
0dBm
signal
tuned
by a rotary
encoder.
Measurements
are displayed
on an easy-to-read
LCD
screen
with
optional
backlighting.
Power
is supplied
by internal
AA cells,
an
18650
Li-ion
cell or by a regulated
12-VDC
external
power
source
(not
included).
Weighing
just
over
1.3 pounds,
the MFJ-213
package
fits
comfortably
in one hand
for convenient
bench
work
or on-the-fly
testing
in
the field.
Operation
is simple,
but you will need
to read
the manual
to learn
all of the unit's
features
and
functions.
The
more
you
know
the more
valuable
it will become
as a diagnostic
tool.
Version 1 1 © 2012 MFI Enterprises, Inc

MFJ-213 HF/VHF/UHF Antenna Analyzer Instruction Manual
2.0 POWER SOURCES
The MFJ-213 may be powered with internal AA batteries, 18650 Li-ion cell
or with an external DC supply. To avoid needless damage and ensure top
performance, please follow the guidelines below when choosing a voltage
source.
2.1 Internal Batteries
To access the jumpers and battery compartments, remove all four screws
securing the analyzer's back cover and carefully open the case. To operate
the MFJ-213 on batteries put the EXT PWR-BAT jumper on the PC board in
the BAT position and install the batteries.
The MFJ-213 can use either AA cells or a 18650 LI-ion cell to power it on
batteries.
AA Battery power requires 3 (three) AA-size 1.5-volt alkaline cells.
Batteries are installed in a fully encased 3-cell plastic tray mounted inside
the analyzer enclosure. Slide the battery box covers sideways to unlatch, and
then lift vertically to expose the cells.
When replacing old batteries, be sure to follow the manufacturer's
environmental guidelines for safe disposal. For longest battery life, always
replace with a matched set of factory-fresh cells. The MFJ-213 will not
charge batteries in the AA cell pack. Do not use rechargeable AA cells in the
pack. The battery pack plugs into the socket on the bottom of the PC Board.
The MFJ-213 can also hold an optional
rechargeable 18650 battery and charger
board. This battery is inserted into a
holder that is placed at the bottom of the
case. Disassemble the case as listed
above and insert the battery into the
holder making sure the polarity is
correct. This battery is recharged from
the external supply through a special
charging circuit (optional) that plugs into
the MFJ-213. Charging time is about 10
hours using the MFJ-1312B. See the section on the charging function below
for charging the battery. The battery holder has a circuit built in to prevent
the battery from discharging below the minimum safe voltage. If the battery
has discharged to that point or a new battery has been put in the battery must
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MFJ-213 HF/VHF/UHF Antenna Analyzer Instruction Manual
be charged above that point resetting the circuit before a Li-ion battery will
function in the MFJ-213.
2.2 External Power Supply
To operate the MFJ-213 on an external power supply plug in an external
power supply onto the EXT PWR jack on the top of the unit..
Powering the MFJ-213 externally requires a well-filtered 12V DC supply
such as the MFJ-1312D capable of delivering 12 to 15 VDC under varying
load conditions. Current drain ranges from 30 mA to 180 mA, depending on
operating mode, frequency range, and whether or not the display backlight is
on. The unit's external power jack is located on the front panel and accepts a
standard 2.1-mm power plug. Positive voltage (+) must be applied to the
connector's center pin.
Important Warnings: Reverse polarity or excessive voltage could
permanently damage the MFJ-213! To avoid damage:
1. Never connect an AC transformer or positive-ground power source
2. Never install or remove batteries with external power connected
3.0 OPERATING MODE
Once you have suitable power (battery or external), you're ready to explore
the analyzer's basic operating features. Begin by pressing the red PWR
button on.
BAND ESC MODE
PWR
ON
morF
3.1 Main Menu Screen
The individual functions are listed on the main screen and are selected by
rotating the TUNE/SELECT knob then pushing the TUNE/SELECT knob to
select the function. To exit from any of the functions press the ESC button to
return to the Main Menu Screen.
»BT1k
1 ard Fr
Version 1 3 © 2012 MFI Enterprises, Inc

MFJ-213 HF/VHF/UHF Antenna Analyzer Instruction Manual
3.1.1 Antenna Analyzer Mode (1.Antenna)
The MFJ-213 may be used to measure the impedance, complex impedance
and SWR of an antenna connected to the antenna connector in this function.
There are 3 sub-modes selected with the MODE button. Default is the
impedance measurements. The next mode reads the external power supply
voltage (Pv) when connected to an external charger and the battery voltage
(Bv) when batteries are installed. When the external supply or internal
batteries are not installed then those numbers are not valid. The third mode is
a measurement of external noise that can cause erroneous readings.
Stimulus Frequency
=A
\plex Taianee 3.1.2 Return Loss (2.Loss)
Impedance Com
This function on the MFJ-213 reads the return loss and SWR of an antenna
connected to the antenna connector. There are two modes in this function.
The default is return loss and the next mode selected by pressing the MODE
button is cable loss. The cable loss is measured by connecting the cable to
the antenna connector and leaving the other end open or unterminated. This
mode is for 50 ohm cables.
Stimulus Frequency Stimulus Frequency
Return Loss SWR 3.1.3 LIC Return Loss SWR
Measurement Mode (3.LC-meter)
The MFJ-213 may be used to measure the value of unknown capacitors and
inductors. To measure L/C values, select this function, connect the device to
be tested to the antenna jack and follow the procedure outlined below:
Measure Capacitance
If the display does not indicate Xc in the top line and C= in the second line
press the MODE button till this mode is selected. The capacitance at that
frequency is displayed and the capacitive reactance is displayed to the far
right.
Stimulus Frequency
Mb
C FF 13
Capacitance
Reactance
Measure Inductance
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MFJ-213 HF/VHF/UHF Antenna Analyzer Instruction Manual
Press the MODE button till the display indicates XL in the top line and L=
in the second line this mode is selected. The inductance at that frequency is
displayed and the inductive reactance is displayed to the far right.
Stimulus Frequency
18, oi MHz
L= WH
Inductance SWR
3.1.4 Li-ion Battery Charge (4.Chr)
Charging the Li-ion battery is done using a special charger (optional)
plugged into the MFJ-213. The external power supply must first be plugged
into the unit for the charger to function. Note just plugging the external
supply will not charge the battery. To charge the Li-ion battery if installed
you rotate the TUNE/SELECT knob to this function then press the
TUNE/SELECT knob in. The charging circuit will come on displaying
CHARGING and will run till fully charged.
3.1.5 Bluetooth link (6.BTIk)
This is an option that is plugged into the MFJ-213 allowing you to
link the MFJ-213 to an android device. See the installation
instructions with this option on installation and use.
4.0 FREQUENCY SELECTION
The MFJ-213 covers the HF region (1.5-60 MHz)
4.1 Variable Tuning
The MFJ-213 tunes continuously from 1.500 to 60.000 MHz by turning the
TUNE/SELECT knob. The tuning speed can be selected by pushing in the
TUNE/SELECT knob to select which digit to increment. The frequency
displayed on the LCD display will have a bar under the digit that will be
incremented and pushing in the knob advances the bar to the next digit
between 1 KHz and | MHz in the Analyzer mode and 10Hz and 1 MHz in
the other modes.
Stimulus Frequency
a
You can select each of the amateur bands instead of turning the tuning knob
by pressing the BAND button.
- 88
Frequency Step Marker
4.2 HF-Band Selection
Version 1 5 © 2012 MFI Enterprises, Inc

MF/J-213 HF/VHF/UHF Antenna Analyzer Instruction Manual
Before moving on to the next section, take time to review the MFJ-213’s
basic set-up procedures. Operation becomes second nature quickly, but
should you need it, there’s a supplemental "quick guide" in the back for
reference (Section 8.0). The remainder of the manual will focus on general
instructions and helpful tips for making accurate measurements.
5.0 ACCURACY LIMITS
The MFJ-213 will serve as your “eyes and ears” when working with RF
systems, and it can deliver results that rival units costing thousands of
dollars. However, all handheld analyzers share certain limitations, and being
aware of them will help you to achieve more meaningful results.
5.1 SWR Measurements and Local Interference
The MFJ-213 (and other hand-helds) uses a broadband diode detector that is
open to receiving signals across the entire radio spectrum. Most of the time,
the unit's built-in stimulus generator is powerful enough to overcome any
lack of front-end selectivity and override stray pickup. However, a powerful
transmitter located nearby could inject enough RF energy into the detector to
disrupt readings. If this condition occurs, performance will become erratic
and SWR readings may appear higher than they really are.
5.2 Checking for Local Interference
Unlike many analyzers, the MFJ-213 has an onboard function for identifying
local interference. In the 1.Antenna function simply switch to the third mode
and note the readings you obtain with the antenna connected. If a strong
signal (>100) registers on the display, then suspect interference. If the
interfering source can't be turned off or your antenna can't be moved to a
different location, you may need to use a station transceiver and a thru-line
directional Wattmeter to complete the adjustments.
Stimulus Frequency
Noise
level
Noise
indicator
5.3
Detector
Linearity
and
Accuracy
Diode detectors typically become non-linear at very low voltages. Because
of diode non-linearity, it's not uncommon for two identical analyzers to show
slightly different readings when checking a load with very low SWR (or low
RF-return voltage). For example, one analyzer may read 1.2:1 while another
reads 1.1:1 when checking the same antenna. The MFJ-213 is electronically
compensated to minimize detector error, but be aware of the potential for
minor differences.
Version | 6 © 2012 MFI Enterprises, Inc

MFJ-213 HF/VHF/UHF Antenna Analyzer Instruction Manual
5.4 Calibration-Plane Error
The analyzer’s calibration plane is the point of reference where all
measurements have the greatest accuracy (gain reference=0 dB, phase shift
= 0-degrees). For basic hand-held units like the MFJ-213, the calibration
plane is fixed at the antenna connector. As such, any measurement made
through a cable will displace the load from the calibration plane and
introduce some amount of error. For SWR readings, error is mainly caused
by losses in the cable. Specifically, SWR will read somewhat lower through
a length of cable than with the analyzer connected directly to the direct load
because the forward and reflected stimulus signals are attenuated in the
feedline. The more loss there is in the cable, the greater the error. Most of the
time, this inaccuracy isn’t a problem because the SWR you measure with the
analyzer is the same SWR the radio will encounter when connected.
However, if you wish to know the antenna’s actual feedpoint SWR for
documentation purposes, the analyzer should be connected directly to the
feed point through a short pigtail.
Calibration-plane error has a much more significant impact when attempting
to measure impedance values because of phase rotation in the cable. In fact,
impedance readings can swing dramatically, depending on the cable’s
electrical length and the severity of the load’s mismatch with reference to 50
Ohms. For accurate impedance data, always connect the analyzer directly to
the antenna or device you're testing using the shortest lead possible.
5.5 Sign Ambiguity (+ j)
Most hand-held analyzers (including the MFJ-213) lack the processing
capability to calculate the reactance sign for complex impedance (Z = R + j).
By default, the MFJ-213 displays a plus sign (+ j) between the resistive and
reactive values, but this sign is merely a placeholder and not a calculated
data point. Although the analyzer’s processor can’t calculate sign, it can
often be determined with a small adjustment of the TUNE control. To
determine sign, TUNE the analyzer up-frequency slightly --
(1.) If reactance decreases, the sign is likely to be ( - ) and the reactance
capacitive (Xc).
(2.) If reactance increases, the sign is likely to be ( + ) and the reactance
inductive (X:).
Version | 7 © 2012 MFI Enterprises, Inc