MTU 12V 2000 C66 User manual

Operating Instructions
Diesel engine
12V 2000 C66
16V 2000 C66
MS150094/01E

Printed in Germany
© 2012 Copyright MTU Friedrichshafen GmbH
This Publication is protected by copyright and may not be used in any way whether in whole or in part without the prior
written permission of MTU Friedrichshafen GmbH. This restriction also applies to copyright, distribution, translation, micro‐
filming and storage or processing on electronic systems including data bases and online services.
This handbook is provided for use by maintenance and operating personnel in order to avoid malfunctions or damage
during operation.
Subject to alterations and amendments.

Table of Contents
1 Safety
1.1 General conditions 5
1.2 Personnel and organizational requirements 6
1.3 Transport 7
1.4 Safety regulations for maintenance and
repair work 8
1.5 Auxiliary materials, fluids and lubricants,
fire prevention and environmental
protection 11
1.6 Conventions for safety instructions in the
text 13
2 Product Summary
2.1 Engine – Overview 14
2.2 Engine side and cylinder designations 16
2.3 Engine – Main dimensions 17
2.4 Firing order 18
2.5 Technical Data 19
2.5.1 12/16V 2000 C66 engine data 19
3 Operation
3.1 Putting the engine into operation after
extended out-of-service periods (>3
months) 22
3.2 Putting the engine into operation after
scheduled out-of-service-period 23
3.3 Tasks after extended out-of-service periods
(>3 weeks) 24
3.4 Checks prior to start-up 25
3.5 Fuel treatment system – Putting into
operation 26
3.6 Starting the engine 28
3.7 Fuel treatment system – Switching on 29
3.8 Operational checks 30
3.9 Stopping the engine 31
3.10 Emergency stop 32
3.11 After stopping the engine 33
3.12 Fuel treatment system – Shutdown 34
3.13 Plant cleaning 35
4 Maintenance
4.1 Maintenance task reference table [QL1] 36
5 Troubleshooting
5.1 Fuel treatment system – Troubleshooting 37
5.2 Troubleshooting 38
6 Task Description
6.1 Engine 41
6.1.1 Engine – Barring manually 41
6.1.2 Engine – Barring with starting system 42
6.2 Crankcase Breather 43
6.2.1 Crankcase breather – Oil mist fine separator
replacement 43
6.3 Valve Drive 44
6.3.1 Valve clearance – Check and adjustment 44
6.3.2 Cylinder head cover – Removal and
installation 47
6.4 Injection Valve / Injector 48
6.4.1 Injector – Replacement 48
6.4.2 Injector – Removal and installation 49
6.5 Fuel System 54
6.5.1 HP fuel line and pressure pipe neck –
Replacement 54
6.5.2 Fuel system – Venting 56
6.5.3 Fuel – Draining 57
6.6 Fuel Filter 58
6.6.1 Fuel filter – Replacement 58
6.6.2 Fuel prefilter – Differential pressure check and
adjustment of gauge 59
6.6.3 Fuel prefilter – Draining 60
6.6.4 Fuel prefilter ‒ Flushing 61
6.6.5 Fuel prefilter – Filter element replacement 63
6.7 Air Filter 65
6.7.1 Air filter – Replacement 65
6.8 Air Intake 66
6.8.1 Service indicator – Check 66
6.9 Exhaust Gas Recirculation 67
6.9.1 Exhaust gas recirculation flaps – Overview 67
6.9.2 Exhaust gas circulation - Checking flap
operation 68
6.10 Lube Oil System, Lube Oil Circuit 69
6.10.1 Engine oil – Level check 69
6.10.2 Engine oil – Change 70
6.11 Oil Filtration / Cooling 71
6.11.1 Engine oil filter – Replacement 71
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6.11.2 Centrifugal oil filter – Cleaning and filter
sleeve replacement 72
6.12 Coolant Circuit, General, High-
Temperature Circuit 74
6.12.1 Drain and vent points 74
6.12.2 Engine coolant – Level check 79
6.12.3 Engine coolant – Change 80
6.12.4 Engine coolant – Draining 81
6.12.5 Engine coolant – Filling 82
6.12.6 Engine coolant pump – Relief bore check 84
6.12.7 Engine coolant – Sample extraction and
analysis 85
6.12.8 Coolant filter – Replacement 86
6.13 Low-Temperature Circuit 87
6.13.1 Intercooler – Vent and drain points 87
6.13.2 Charge-air coolant – Level check 88
6.13.3 Charge-air coolant – Change 89
6.13.4 Charge-air coolant – Filling 90
6.13.5 Charge-air coolant – Draining 92
6.13.6 Charge-air coolant pump – Relief bore check 93
6.14 Belt Drive 94
6.14.1 Drive belt – Condition check 94
6.14.2 Drive belt – Tension check 95
6.14.3 Drive belt – Tension adjustment 96
6.14.4 Drive belt – Replacement 97
6.15 Battery-Charging Generator 98
6.15.1 Battery-charging generator drive – Drive belt
replacement 98
6.16 Fuel Supply System 99
6.16.1 Water drain valve – Check 99
6.16.2 Differential pressure gauge – Check 100
6.16.3 Water level probe (3-in-1 rod electrode) –
Check 101
6.16.4 Pump capacity – Check 102
6.16.5 Coalescer filter element – Replacement 103
6.17 Engine Governor 105
6.17.1 Engine governor – Overview 105
6.17.2 Engine governor – Removal 106
6.17.3 Engine governor – Installation 107
6.17.4 Engine governor – Checking plug-in
connections 108
6.18 Wiring (General) for Engine/Gearbox/Unit 109
6.18.1 Engine wiring – Check 109
6.18.2 Lambda, NOx and humidity sensors –
Overview 110
6.18.3 Lambda sensor – Replacement 111
6.18.4 NOx sensor – Replacement 113
6.18.5 Humidity sensor – Replacement 115
6.19 Accessories for (Electronic) Engine
Governor / Control System 117
6.19.1 CDC parameters – Reset with DiaSys® 117
6.19.2 Engine governor and connectors – Cleaning 118
6.19.3 Engine governor – Checking plug-in
connections 119
7 Appendix A
7.1 List of abbreviations 120
7.2 MTU contact persons/service partners 123
8 Appendix B
8.1 Special Tools 124
8.2 Index 134
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1 Safety
1.1 General conditions
General
In addition to the instructions in this publication, the applicable country-specific legislation and other com‐
pulsory regulations regarding accident prevention and environmental protection must be observed. This
state-of-the-art engine has been designed to meet all applicable laws and regulations. The engine may
nevertheless present a risk of injury or damage in the following cases:
• Incorrect use
• Operation, maintenance and repair by unqualified personnel
• Modifications or conversions
• Noncompliance with the Safety Instructions
Correct use
The engine is intended solely for use in accordance with contractual agreements and the purpose envis‐
aged for it on delivery. Any other use is considered improper use. The engine manufacturer accepts no
liability whatsoever for resultant damage or injury in such case. The responsibility is borne by the user
alone.
Correct use also includes observation of and compliance with the maintenance specifications.
Modifications or conversions
Unauthorized modifications to the engine represent a safety risk.
MTU will accept no liability or warranty claims for any damage caused by unauthorized modifications or
conversions.
Spare parts
Only genuine MTU spare parts must be used to replace components or assemblies. MTU accepts no
liability whatsoever for damage or injury resulting from the use of other spare parts and the warranty shall
be voided in such case.
Reworking components
Repair or engine overhaul must be carried out in workshops authorized by MTU.
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1.2 Personnel and organizational requirements
Personnel requirements
All work on the engine shall be carried out by trained and qualified personnel only.
The specified legal minimum age must be observed.
The operator must specify the responsibilities of the operating, maintenance and repair personnel.
Organizational measures
This publication must be issued to all personnel involved in operation, maintenance, repair or transporta‐
tion.
Keep it at hand at the operating site of the engine so that it is available to operating, maintenance, repair
and transport personnel at all times.
Use the manual as a basis for instructing personnel on engine operation and repair with an emphasis on
explaining safety-relevant instructions.
This is particularly important in the case of personnel who only occasionally perform work on or around
the engine. This personnel must be instructed repeatedly.
For the identification and layout of the spare parts during maintenance or repair work, take photos or use
the spare parts catalog.
Working clothes and protective equipment
Wear proper protective clothing for all work.
Use the necessary protective equipment for the given work to be done.
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1.3 Transport
Transport
Also valid for 12V engines
Only use the lifting eyes provided to lift the engine.
Only use transport and lifting devices approved by MTU.
Take the engine's center of gravity into account.
The engine must only be transported in installation position, max. permissible diagonal pull 10°.
If the engine is supplied with special aluminum foil packing, lift the engine at the lifting eyes of the bear‐
ing pedestal or use a means of transportation which is appropriate for the given weight (forklift truck).
Install the crankshaft locking device and the locking screws for the engine mounts prior to engine trans‐
portation.
Secure the engine against tilting during transport. In particular when going down inclines or ramps, the
engine must be secured against moving and tilting.
Setting the engine down after transport
Only set down engine on a firm, level surface.
Make sure that the consistency and load-bearing capacity of the ground or support surface is adequate.
Never set an engine down on the oil pan unless expressively authorized to do so by MTU on a case-to-
case basis .
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1.4 Safety regulations for maintenance and repair work
Safety regulations for maintenance and repair work
Have maintenance and repair work carried out by qualified and authorized personnel only.
Allow the engine to cool down before starting maintenance work (risk of explosion of oil vapors).
Before starting work, relieve pressure in systems and compressed-air lines which are to be opened.
Take special care when removing ventilation or plug screws from the engine. Cover the screw or plug
with a rag to prevent fluids escaping under pressure.
Take special care when draining hot fluids ⇒ Risk of injury.
When changing the engine oil or working on the fuel system, ensure that the engine room is adequately
ventilated.
Allow the engine / system to cool down before starting to work.
Observe the maintenance and repair instructions.
Never carry out maintenance and repair work with the engine running unless expressly instructed to do
so.
Secure the engine against accidental starting.
Disconnect the battery when electrical starters are fitted.
Close the main valve on the compressed-air system and vent the compressed-air line when pneumatic
starters are fitted.
Disconnect the control equipment from the assembly or system.
Use only proper, calibrated tools. Observe the specified tightening torques during assembly/disassembly.
Carry out work only on assembles and/or units which are properly secured.
Never use lines for climbing.
Keep fuel injection lines and connections clean.
Always seal connections with caps or covers if a line is removed or opened.
Take care not to damage lines, in particular fuel lines, during maintenance and repair work.
Ensure that all retainers and dampers are installed correctly.
Ensure that all fuel injection and pressurized oil lines are installed with enough clearance to prevent con‐
tact with other components. Do not place fuel or oil lines near hot components.
Do not touch elastomeric seals if they have carbonized or resinous appearance unless hands are proper‐
ly protected.
Note cooling time for components which are heated for installation or removal ⇒ Risk of burning.
When working high on the engine, always use suitable ladders and work platforms. Make sure compo‐
nents are placed on stable surfaces.
Observe special cleanness when conducting maintenance and repair work on the assembly or system.
After completion of maintenance and repair work, make sure that no loose objects are in/on the assem‐
bly or system.
Before barring the engine, make sure that nobody is standing in the danger zone. Check that all guards
have been reinstalled and that all tools and loose parts have been removed after working on the engine.
The following additional instructions apply to starters with beryllium copper pinion:
• Breathing protection of filter class P2 must be applied during maintenance work to avoid health haz‐
ards caused by the beryllium-containing pinion. Do not blow out the interior of the flywheel housing or
the starter with compressed air. Clean the flywheel housing inside with a class H dust extraction de‐
vice as an additional measure.
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Welding work
Never carry out welding work on the assembly, system, or engine-mounted units. Cover the engine when
welding in its vicinity.
Do not use the assembly or system as ground terminal.
Do not route the welding lead over or near the wiring harnesses of MTU systems. The welding current
may otherwise induce an interference voltage in the wiring harnesses which could conceivably damage
the electrical system.
Remove parts (e.g. exhaust pipes) which are to be welded from the engine beforehand.
Hydraulic installation and removal
Check the function and safe operating condition of tools and fixtures to be used. Use only the specified
devices for hydraulic removal/installation procedures.
Observe the max. permissible push-on pressure specified for the equipment.
Do not attempt to bend or apply force to lines.
Before starting work, pay attention to the following:
• Vent the hydraulic installation/removal tool, the pumps and the lines at the relevant points for the
equipment to be used (e.g. open vent plugs, pump until bubble-free air emerges, close vent plugs).
• For hydraulic installation, screw on the tool with the piston retracted.
• For hydraulic removal, screw on the tool with the piston extended.
For a hydraulic installation/removal tool with central expansion pressure supply, screw spindle into shaft
end until correct sealing is established.
During hydraulic installation and removal, ensure that nobody is standing in the immediate vicinity of the
component to be installed/removed.
Working on electrical/electronic assemblies
Always obtain the permission of the person in charge before commencing maintenance and repair work
or switching off any part of the electronic system required to do so.
De-energize the appropriate areas prior to working on assemblies.
Do not damage cabling during removal work. When reinstalling ensure that wiring is not damaged during
operation by contact with sharp objects, by rubbing against other components or by a hot surface.
Do not secure cables on lines carrying fluids.
Do not use cable binders to secure cables.
Always use connector pliers to tighten connectors.
Subject the device or system to a function check on completion of all repair work.
Store spare parts properly prior to replacement, i.e. protect them against moisture in particular. Pack de‐
fective electronic components and assemblies in a suitable manner when dispatched for repair, i.e. par‐
ticularly protected against moisture and impact and wrapped in antistatic foil if necessary.
Working with laser equipment
When working with laser equipment, always wear special laser-protection goggles ⇒ Heavily focused ra‐
diation.
Laser equipment must be fitted with the protective devices necessary for safe operation according to
type and application.
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For conducting light-beam procedures and measurement work, only the following laser devices must be
used:
• Laser devices of classes 1, 2 or 3A.
• Laser devices of class 3B, which have maximum output in the visible wavelength range (400 to 700
nm), a maximum output of 5 mW, and in which the beam axis and surface are designed to prevent
any risk to the eyes.
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1.5 Auxiliary materials, fluids and lubricants, fire prevention and
environmental protection
Fire prevention
Rectify any fuel or oil leaks immediately; even splashes of oil or fuel on hot components can cause fires –
therefore always keep the engine in a clean condition. Do not leave cloths soaked with fluids and lubri‐
cants lying on or near the assembly or unit. Do not store inflammable material near the assembly or unit.
Do not weld pipes and components carrying oil or fuel! Before welding, clean with a nonflammable fluid.
When starting the engine with an external power source, connect the ground lead last and remove it first.
To avoid sparks in the vicinity of the battery, connect the ground lead from the external power source to
the ground lead of the engine or to the ground terminal of the starter.
Always keep suitable firefighting equipment (fire extinguishers) at hand and familiarize yourself with their
use.
Noise
Noise can lead to an increased risk of accident if acoustic signals, warning shouts or noises indicating
danger are drowned.
Wear ear protectors in work areas with a sound pressure level in excess of 85 dB (A).
Environmental protection and disposal
Modification or removal of mechanical or electronic components or the installation of additional compo‐
nents as well as the execution of calibration processes that might affect the emission characteristics of
the engine are prohibited by emission regulations. Emission control units/systems may only be main‐
tained, exchanged or repaired if the components used for this purpose are approved by MTU or equiva‐
lent components. Noncompliance with these guidelines might represent a violation of the Clean Air Act
and involves the termination of the operating license by the emission authorities. MTU does not accept
any liability for violations of the emission regulations. MTU will provide assistance and advice if emission-
relevant components are intended to be modified. The MTU Maintenance Schedules ensure the reliabili‐
ty and performance of MTU engines and must be complied with over the entire life cycle of the engine.
Use only fuel of prescribed quality to comply with emission limit values.
Dispose of used fluids, lubricants and filters in accordance with local regulations.
Within the EU, batteries can be returned free of charge to MTU FN / MTU Onsite Energy where they are
subjected to proper recycling procedures.
Auxiliary materials, fluids and lubricants
Use only fluids and lubricants that have been tested and approved by MTU.
The Fluids and Lubricants Specifications will be amended or supplemented as necessary. Before using
them, make sure you have the latest version. The latest version is also available at: http://www.mtu-on‐
line.com/mtu/mtu-valuecare/mtu-valueservice-Technische-Dokumentation.
Keep fluids and lubricants in suitable, properly designated containers. When using fluids, lubricants and
other chemical substances, follow the safety instructions that apply to the product. Take special care
when using hot, chilled or caustic materials. When using flammable materials, avoid all sparks and do
not smoke.
Used oil
Used oil contains harmful combustion residues.
Rub barrier cream into hands.
Wash hands after contact with used oil.
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Lead
• When working with lead or lead-containing compounds, avoid direct contact to the skin and do not
inhale lead vapors.
• Adopt suitable measures to avoid the formation of lead dust.
• Switch on extraction system.
• Wash hands after contact with lead or lead-containing substances.
Compressed air
Observe special safety precautions when working with compressed air:
• Pay special attention to the pressure level in the compressed air network and pressure vessel.
• Assemblies and equipment to be connected must either be designed for this pressure, or, if the per‐
mitted pressure for the connecting elements is lower than the pressure required, a pressure reducing
valve and safety valve (set to permitted pressure) must form an intermediate connection.
• Hose couplings and connections must be securely attached.
• Wear goggles when blowing off components or blowing away chips.
• Provide the snout of the air nozzle with a protective disk (e.g. rubber disk).
• First shut off compressed air lines before compressed air equipment is disconnected from the supply
line, or before equipment or tool is to be replaced.
• Unauthorized use of compressed air, e.g. forcing flammable liquids (danger class AI, AII and B) out of
containers, results in a risk of explosion.
• Forcing compressed air into thin-walled containers (e.g. containers made of tin, plastic and glass) for
drying purposes or to check for leaks, results in a risk of bursting.
• Carry out leak test in accordance with the specifications.
Paints and lacquers
• When carrying out painting work outside the spray stands provided with fume extraction systems, en‐
sure that the area is well ventilated. Make sure that neighboring work areas are not impaired.
• No open flames.
• No smoking.
• Observe fire prevention regulations.
• Always wear a mask providing protection against paint and solvent vapors.
Liquid nitrogen
• Store liquid nitrogen only in small quantities and always in regulation containers without fixed covers.
• Avoid body contact (eyes, hands).
• Wear protective clothing, protective gloves, closed shoes and protective goggles / safety mask.
• Make sure that working area is well ventilated.
• Avoid all knocks and jars to the containers, fixtures or workpieces.
Acids and alkaline solutions
• When working with acids and alkaline solutions, wear protective goggles or face mask, gloves and
protective clothing.
• If such solutions are spilled onto clothing, remove the affected clothing immediately.
• Rinse injured parts of the body thoroughly with clean water.
• Rinse eyes immediately with eyedrops or clean tap water.
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1.6 Conventions for safety instructions in the text
DANGER In the event of immediate danger.
Consequences: Death or serious injury
• Remedial action
WARNING In the event of potentially dangerous situations.
Consequences: Death or serious injury
• Remedial action
CAUTION In the event of dangerous situations.
Consequences: Minor injury or material damage
• Remedial action
NOTICE In the event of a situation involving potentially adverse effects on the product.
Consequences: Material damage.
• Remedial action
• Additional product information
Note: This manual contains highlighted safety warnings in accordance with the US ANSI Z535 standard which
begin with one of the signal words listed above depending on the severity of the hazard.
Safety instructions
1. Read and familiarize yourself with all safety notices before starting up or repairing the product.
2. Pass on all safety instructions to your operating, maintenance, repair and transport personnel.
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2 Product Summary
2.1 Engine – Overview
12/16 V 2000 C66/S96
This overview also applies to 16 V 2000 C66 and 16 V 2000 S96 engines.
1 Exhaust turbocharger
2 Air intake/air supply
3 EGR cooler
4 Intercooler
5 Monitoring, control and
regulation equipment,
general electr. equip‐
ment
6 Lube oil system / lube
oil circuit
7 Power supply
8 Cooling air system
9 Coolant system
10 Mounting / support
11 Fuel system (low pres‐
sure)
12 Fuel system (high pres‐
sure)
13 Valve gear
14 Cylinder head
15 Exhaust system
16 PTO systems, driving
end and free end (cou‐
pling)
17 Starting equipment
Engine model designation
Key to the engine model designation
12/16 Number of cylinders
V Cylinder arrangement: V engine
2000 Series
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Key to the engine model designation
C/S Application: C, charge-air cooling in internal circuit, with
piston cooling
Application S: Exhaust turbocharging with supercharger
6/9 Application segment (0, 1, 2,...,9)
6 Design index (0, 1, 2,...,9)
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2.2 Engine side and cylinder designations
Engine sides are always designated as viewed from the driving end (KS).
The cylinders of the left engine side are designated "A" and those of the right side "B" (as per DIN ISO
1204). The cylinders of each bank are numbered consecutively, starting with No. 1 at the driving end.
Other components are numbered in the same way, i.e. starting with No. 1 on driving end.
1 Left engine side
2 KGS = Free end
3 Right engine side
4 KS = Driving end
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2.3 Engine – Main dimensions
Item Engine model / Dimension Engine model / Dimension
12 V 2000 C66/S96 16 V 2000 C66/S96
Length (A) approx. 2028 mm approx. 2378 mm
Width (B) approx. 1276.5 mm approx. 1287 mm
Height (C) approx. 1429 mm approx. 1442 mm
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2.4 Firing order
Firing order for 12 / 16 V 2000 C66/S96 engines
Number of cylin‐
ders
Firing order
12 V A1-B5-A5-B3-A3-B6-A6-B2-A2-B4-A4-B1
16 V A1-B5-A3-A5-B2-B8-A2-A8-B3-A7-B4-B6-A4-A6-B1-B7
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2.5 Technical Data
2.5.1 12/16V 2000 C66 engine data
Explanation:
DL Ref. value: Continuous power
BL Ref. value: Fuel stop power
A Design value
G Guaranteed value
R Guideline value
L Limit value, up to which the engine can be operated, without change (e.g. of power setting)
N Not yet defined value
- Not applicable
X Applicable
Engine model 12V2000
C66
16V2000
C66
Application group 5B 5B
Intake air temperature °C 25 25
Charge-air coolant temperature °C 45 45
Barometric pressure mbar 1000 1000
Site altitude above sea level m 100 100
POWER-RELATED DATA (power ratings are net brake power as per ISO 3046)
Number of cylinders 12 16
Rated engine speed A rpm 2100 2100
Effective power (w/o fan) (Fuel stop power ISO 3046) A kW 783 970
GENERAL CONDITIONS (for maximum power)
Number of cylinders 12 16
Intake depression (new filter) A mbar 15 15
Intake depression, max. L mbar 50 50
Exhaust overpressure A mbar 30 30
Exhaust gas overpressure, max. L mbar 100 100
Fuel temperature at engine inlet connection R °C 37 37
Fuel temperature at engine inlet connection, max (w/o power re‐
duction)
L °C 65 65
CONSUMPTION
Number of cylinders 12 16
Lube oil consumption after 100 h runtime (B = hourly fuel con‐
sumption)
R % of B 0.35 0.35
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MODEL RELATED DATA (basic design)
Number of cylinders 12 16
Number of cylinders 12 16
Cylinder arrangement: V angle Degrees
(°)
90 90
Bore mm 135 135
Stroke mm 156 156
Cylinder displacement Liters 2.233 2.233
Total displacement Liters 26.80 35.73
Inlet valves per cylinder 2 2
Exhaust valves per cylinder 2 2
COMBUSTION AIR / EXHAUST GAS
Number of cylinders 12 16
Charge-air pressure before cylinder R bar abs 3.95 3.80
Exhaust temperature after turbocharger R °C 390 390
COOLANT SYSTEM (HT circuit)
Number of cylinders 12 16
Coolant temperature (at engine connection: outlet to cooling
equipment)
A °C 100 100
Coolant temperature after engine, warning R °C 101 101
Coolant temperature after engine, shutdown L °C 104 104
Coolant antifreeze content, max. L % 50 50
Coolant pump: inlet pressure, max. L bar 1.3 1.3
Thermostat: Starts to open R °C 79 79
Thermostat: Fully open R °C 92 92
COOLING SYSTEM (LT circuit)
Number of cylinders 12 16
Coolant antifreeze content, max. L % 50 50
Charge-air temperature after charge-air cooler, max. L °C 95 95
Thermostat: Starts to open R °C 38 38
Thermostat: Fully open R °C 51 51
LUBE OIL SYSTEM
Number of cylinders 12 16
Lube oil operating temperature before engine, from R °C 80 80
Lube oil operating temperature before engine, to R °C 103 103
Lube oil temperature before engine, alarm R °C 103 103
Lube oil temperature before engine, shutdown L °C 106 106
Lube oil operating pressure before engine, warning R bar 6.0 6.0
Lube oil operating pressure before engine, shutdown L bar 5.5 5.5
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