North Star 10000 PPG User manual

Proven Performance
MODEL 10000 PPG,ITEM #165967
Professional Portable Generator
M165967A
OWNER’S MANUAL
AnyQuestions, Comments,or Problems?
Call Customer Service at 1-800-270-0810
Hours: Monday - Friday 7:00 AM to 5:30 PM CST
Saturdays 7:30 AM to 11:30 AM CST

1
THANK YOU
Thank you for purchasing a NorthStar Pro Series Generator. Your machine is designed for
long life, dependability, and the top performance you demand. Please take time now to read
through this manual so you can better understand the machine’s operation, maintenance and
safety precautions. Everyone who operatesthisgeneratormust readand understand this manual.
The time you take now will prolong your generator’s life and prepare you for its safe operation.
Enjoy the exceptional performance of your NorthStarPro SeriesGenerator.
IMPORTANT
Make certain the operator:
- Readsand understandsthemanualspertaining to thismachine.
- Isinstructedin safe andproper operation of thismachine.
NOTICE
K-BAR Industries Incorporated reserves the right to make improvements in design and/or
changes in specifications at any time without incurring any obligation to install them on units
previously sold.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Thankyou 1
Specifications 2
Machine componentidentification 3
Generator features 4
Introduction 5
ANSI safetydefinitions 5
Rulesfor safe operation 5
Installation 6
Load application 6-7
Pre-start up preparation 7-8
Starting 8
Stopping 8
Engine care 8
Generator care 8-9
Troubleshooting 10

2
SPECIFICATIONS
Item Number #165967
Maximum Output 10000 Watts(W)
ContinuousOutput 8500 Watts(W)
Voltage 120/240 Volt (V)
Phase Singlephase (4-wire)
Frequency 56.5 - 63.3 Hertz (Hz)
Power Factor 1.0p.f.
Total Harmonic Distortion lessthan5%
Engine 18 HP Honda
Engine Speed 3390 -3798 RPM
Fuel Type Unleadedgasoline
Fuel Capacity 10gallons(38.0 L)
Oil Capacity 1.6 USquarts
Starting Method Electric start/Recoil
120V Receptacles 2 - 20Amp (A)duplex (NEMA 5-20R)
30 Amp (A) locking receptacle (NEMA L5-30R)
120/240 VReceptacle 30 Amp (A) locking receptacle (NEMA L14-30R)
50 Amp (A) straightblade (NEMA 14-50R)
Circuit Breakers 40 Amp (A) thermal magnetic
30 Amp (A) thermal magnetic
30 Amp (A) thermal, push to reset
2 - 20Amp (A) thermal, push to reset
Battery 12 VDC,18 Amp-Hour (minimum)
GroupSize U1-7
Dimensions
Length 35.75” (90.8 cm)
Width 24.25” (61.6 cm)
Height 26.25” (66.7 cm)
Dry Weight 320lb. (136 kg)

3
MACHINE COMPONENT IDENTIFICATION
Ref. Description Ref. Description
1Air Cleaner 11 10.0 Gallon GasTank
2 Grounding Screw 12 Recoil
3Circuit Breakers 13 Muffler & Spark Arrestor
4 120/240V,50A Receptacle 14 Oil Filter
5120/240V,30A Locking Rec. 15 Battery Box
6 120V,30ALocking Rec. 16 GasLine Valve
7120V,20A DuplexRec. 17 Generator Head
8 Oil Drain Plug 18 GasCap with Gauge
9Vibration Isolation Mount
10 Wheel Kit (#165919)

4
GENERATOR FEATURES
Reference 1 - Air Cleaner. Refer to your Honda
Engine Owner’s Manual for air cleaner care.
Reference 2 - Grounding Screw. Ground the
generator via thegrounding screw, toa copper pipe or
rod thatisdrivenintomoist soil.
Reference 3 - Circuit Breakers. This portable
single phase generator has 1 - 40 amp (A) thermal
magnetic 2 pole breaker, 1 - 30 amp (A) thermal
magnetic2polebreaker 1 - 30 amp (A) push to reset
circuitbreaker, and2 - 20 amp(A) push to reset circuit
breakers. Circuit breakers protect against electrical
overloads.
Reference 4 - 120/240V Receptacle. This
receptacle is a 120/240V 50A NEMA 14-50R
receptacle. This receptacle accepts a NEMA 14-50P
plug.Use thisreceptacle ifinstalling a transfer switch.
Reference 5 - 120/240V Locking Receptacle.
This Locking is a 120/240V 30A NEMA L14-30R
receptacle. Thisreceptacle acceptsa NEMA L14-30P
plug.
Reference 6 - 120V Locking Receptacle. This
locking receptacle is a 120V 30A NEMA L5-30R
receptacle. This receptacle accepts a NEMA L5-30P
plug.
Reference 7 - 120V Receptacle. The generator
hasa control panel with two duplex(two receptaclesin
a common housing) receptacles. Each duplexis a 120
volt (V) 20 amp (A) straight blade receptacle, National
Electrical Manufacturer’s Association (NEMA) number
5-20R. This receptacle accepts NEMA plug numbers
5-15P and 5-20P. Each duplex is capable of drawing
20Aat120V.
ALWAYS use grounded male plugs. The neutral
line of the generator is mechanically grounded to the
frame. Matching NEMA male plugs must always be
used.
WARNINGContact a licensed electrician
to wire electrical plugs and/or cordsets. Improper
wiring could resultina fire or electrical shock.
Reference 8 - Oil Drain Plug. Refer to your
Vanguard engine manual for oil change
recommendations.
Reference 9 - Vibration Isolation Mounts. The
engine and generator head are mounted on rubber
cylinders that absorb most of the engine vibration.
Thisfeatureeliminatesthe tendencyofthe machine to
“walk” which is common in engine powered equipment.
Reference 10 - Wheel Kit. Heavy duty wheel kit
(Item #165919).
Reference 11 - 10.0 Gallon Gas Tank. Large
tank allows for extended run capabilities. Always
allow room for gasoline expansion bynot filling the gas
tankcompletely
Reference 12 - Recoil. Optional starting method.
Grasp firmly whenstarting engine.
Reference 13 -Muffler andSparkArrestor.
Reference 14 - Oil Filter.
Reference 15 - Battery Box. Warning: Always
wear safety glasses when working on or near the
battery. The battery box provides protection for the
battery and will accept the standard lawn tractor size
battery (Group U1-7). The engine requires a 12 volts
dc battery, with a minimum rating of 18 Amp-Hours.
When installing the battery, always connect the red
colored (“positive” or “+”) cable first. When
disconnecting the battery, always remove the black
colored (“negative” or “-”) cable first.
WARNING Sulfuric acid is a corrosive
poison. Avoid contact with skin, eyes or clothing.
Alwayswear safetyglasses.
Reference 16 - Gas Line Valve. The generator
tank has an ON-OFF valve mounted underneath the
tank. Always keep this valve closed when the
generator isnot in use.
Reference 17 - Generator Head. The electricity
producing partof the generator.
Reference 18 - Gas Capwith Gauge. The gas
cap is extra large, creating a large hole for refilling and
a comfortable grip. You can always monitor the fuel
level without removing the cap by using the fuel level
indicator builtintothegascap.
Low Oil Shutdown. The Honda engine is
protected against damage resulting from low engine
oil.Alwayscheckyour oil level daily.

5
INTRODUCTION
Before starting your generator, thoroughly study
the instructions and cautions in this manual to assure
you are fully acquainted with the operation of all
components of this generator. Proper preparation,
operation and maintenance will result in operator
safety, best performanceand longlifeofthegenerator.
For detailed engine operation andmaintenancealways
refer to the Vanguard engine owner’s manual
furnished withthe generator (Briggs and Stratton refer
to the 18 HP engine asa350447).
NorthStar is constantly improving its products.
The specifications outlined herein are subject to
change without prior notice or obligation. The
purchaser and/or user assumes liability of any
modification and/or alterations on this equipment from
original design and manufacture.
Before using, the user shall determine the
suitability of this product for its intended use and
assumesliabilitytherein.
ANSI SAFETY DEFINITIONS
DANGER indicates an imminently hazardous
situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or
seriousinjury. Thissignal wordisto belimited to the
most extremesituations.
WARNING indicates a potentially hazardous
situation which, if not avoided, could result in a
deathor serious injury.
CAUTION indicates a potentially hazardous
situation, whichifnotavoided, may resultinminor or
moderateinjury. Itmay also be used to alert against
unsafepractices.
RULES FOR SAFE OPERATIONS
Safety precautions are essential when operating
this generator. Respectful and cautious operation will
considerably lessen the possibilities of a personal
injury. This manual will warn of specific personal injury
potential, and these will be designated by the symbol:
WARNING This generator is equipped
witha grounding screw, locatedon the generator head
for your protection. Always complete the grounding
path from the generator to a copper pipe/rod that is
driveninto moist earth, to prevent electrical shock.
ALWAYS use electrical cords that are in good
condition. Worn, bare, frayed or otherwise damaged
cordscan cause electric shock.
NEVER operate the generator, or handle any
electrical equipment while standing in water, while
barefoot, while hands are wet or while in the rain or
snow. Electric shockmay result.
ALWAYS use a ground fault circuit interrupter
(GFCI) in damp or highly electrical conductive areas
andon construction job-sitesto preventelectric shock.
ALWAYS remove the spark plug or spark plug
wire before working on the engine or generator, to
prevent accidental starting.
ALWAYS provide adequate ventilation. Do not
operate generator in any enclosed or narrow space.
Engines consume oxygen and give off deadly carbon
monoxide poisonous gas. Improper ventilation will
cause damage to generator and possible injury to
people.
NEVER touchhot muffler, hot exhaust manifold or
engine cooling fins.
ALWAYS remove all oil or gasoline deposits and
accumulated dirt from generator and immediate area.
Keep generator head and engine clean.
NEVER operate the generator under the following
conditions:
A. Excessive change in engine speed, slow or
fast.
B. Overheatingin load connecting devices.
C. Sparking orarcsfrom generator.
D. Lossof electrical output.
E. Damaged receptacles.
F. Engine misfire.
G. Excessive vibration.
H. Enclosed compartments, or confined areas.
I. Flameor smoke.
J. Rain, snow orwet conditions.
K. Operator non-attendance.
WARNING Check fuel system on a
regular basis. Look for signs of leaks, deterioration,
chafed or spongyfuel hose,loose ormissing fuel hose
clamps, damaged fuel tank or a defective fuel shut-off
valve. Correctanydefectsbefore operation.
WARNING Keep fire extinguisher close
to your generator and be familiar with how to use it.
Consult your local fire department for correct
extinguisher type.

6
INSTALLATION
OUTDOORS: Choose a location where the
generator will not be exposed to rain, snow or direct
sunlight. Position the generator on secure, level
ground soit willnottip or slide down a hill. Place the
generator so that the exhaust fumes will not be
directedtowardspeople.
The installation site must be free from water,
moisture,or dust. All electrical components should be
protected from excessive moisture or the insulation
system will deteriorate and result in grounding or
shorting out thegenerating system.
Foreign matters, such as dust, dirt, sand, lint, or
abrasivematerialscan cause damage tothe generator
head andengine if allowedintoitscooling system.
NEVER install your generator inside confined
areas. Insideinstallation can cause health hazards or
death.
DANGER Remember,exhaust fumesare
deadly carbon monoxide gas, and must be vented to
theoutside wherethere are no people. Cooling air of
sufficient amounts must be allowed to flow in and
exhausted out to ensure proper cooling of the engine
and generator head.
LOAD APPLICATION
Itisimportanttodetermine the total electrical load
beforeitisconnected to thegenerator. Thetwomajor
factorsin determining the lifeof a generator head are:
heat build up, caused by overloading the generator;
and corrosive contaminants that attack the wiring
insulation. If the generator is overloaded, the wires
become excessively hot and cause the insulation to
break down, reducing its ability to resist corrosive
contaminants. Over time the effectiveness of the
insulation iseliminatedanda dead short can result.
Always compare the generator nameplate data
with that of the equipment to be used to ensure that
watts, volts, amperage, and frequency requirements
are suitable for operating equipment. The wattage
listed on the equipment nameplate is its rated output.
However, some equipment may require three to ten
times more wattage than its rating on the nameplate,
as the wattage is influenced by the equipment
efficiency, power factor and starting system. NOTE: If
wattage is not given on equipment nameplate,
approximate wattage may be determined by
multiplying nameplate voltage by nameplate
amperage.
VOLTS X AMPS = WATTS
Example: 120V X 5A = 600W
When connecting a resistive load such as
incandescentlights, heatersor common electric power
tools, a capacity of up to the generator full rated
wattage outputcanbe used.
When connecting a resistive-inductive load such
as a fluorescent or mercury light, transformers or
inductive coils, a capacity of up to 0.6 times the
generator’sfull rated output canbe used.
Always allow the generator to reach operating
speed before a loadisapplied.
STARTING ELECTRICMOTORS
Electric motors require much more current (amps)
to start than to run. Some motors, particularlylow cost
split-phase motors, are very hard to start and require 5
to 7timesmore currentto start than to run. Capacitor
motors are easier to start and usually require 2 to 4
times as much current to start as to run. Repulsion
Induction motors are the easiest to start and require
1.5to2.5timesasmuchto start asto run.
Most fractional motors take about the same
amount of current to run them whether they are of
Repulsion-Induction (RI), Capacitor (Cap), or Split-
Phase (SP) type. The following chart shows the
approximate current required to start and run various
types and sizes of 120 volt 60 cycle electric motors
under variousconditions.
120V,60 HzMotors Starting Amps
Hp motor Running
Watts RI type Cap type SP type
1/6 525 7-11 9-18 16-22
1/4 700 9-15 12-23 22-32
1/3 875 11-18 14-29 26-35
1/2 1175 15-25 20-40 NA
11925 24-40 32-64 NA
1 1/2 2400 30-50 40-80 NA
22900 36-60 48-96 NA
3 4075 51-85 68-136 NA
56750 84-140 112-224 NA
The figures given above are for an average load
such as a blower or fan. If the electric motor is
connected to a hard starting load, such as an air
compressor, it will require more starting current. If it is
connected to alight load, such as a power saw, it will
require less starting current. The exact requirement
will also vary with thebrand ordesign of themotor.
Generators respond to severe overloading
differently than the powerline. When overloaded, the
engineisnotable tosupply enough power to bring the
electric motor up to operating speed. The generator
responds to the high initial starting current, but the
engine speed drops sharply. The overload may stall
theengine. If allowed to operate at very low speeds,
the electric motor starting winding will burn out in a
short time. The generatorhead winding might also be
damaged.

7
Running thegenerator underthese conditionsmay
resultin damage to the generator stator as well as the
motor windings. Because the heavy surge of current
is required foronly an instant, the generator will not be
damagedifit canbring the motor up to speed in a few
seconds. If difficulties in starting a motor are
experienced, turn off all other electrical loads and if
possible reduce theload on theelectric motor.
EXTENSION CORDS
When electric power is to be provided to various
loads at some distance from the generator, extension
cords can be used. These cords should be sized to
allowfor distance in length and amperage so that the
voltage dropbetween the set and point of use is held
to a minimum.
Current/Power Maximum Extension Cord Length
Amps
at
240V
Load
(watts) #10 Ga.
Cord
#12
Ga.
Cord
#14
Ga.
Cord
#16
Ga.
Cord
10 2400 250’ 150’ 100’ 75’
20 4800 125’ 75’ 50’ 25’
30 7200 60’ 35’ 25’ 10’
40 9600 30’ 15’ 10’ *
50 12000 15’ ***
*Not recommended
CAUTION: Equipment damage may result from
the low voltage caused by using an extension cord
with a small wire size.
For Determining Generator Load Requirements
Device Running Watts
Air Conditioner (12,000 Btu) 1700 (a)
Battery Charger (20 Amp) 500
Belt Sander (3”) 1000
Chain Saw 1200
Circular Saw (6-1/2”) 900
Coffee Maker 1000
Compressor (1 HP) 2000 (a)
Compressor (3/4 HP) 1800 (a)
Compressor (1/2 HP) 1400 (a)
Curling Iron 700
Dishwasher 1200
Edge Trimmer 500
Electric Nail Gun 1200
Electric Range (one element) 1500
ElectricSkillet 1250
FurnaceFan(1/3HP) 1200 (a)
Freezer 800(b)
Hair Dryer 1200
Hand Drill (1”) 1100
Hand Drill (1/2”) 875
Hand Drill (3/8”) 500
Hand Drill (1/4”) 250
HedgeTrimmer 450
HomeComputer 150
Load Requirements, continued
Impact Wrench 500
Jet Pump 800
LawnMower 1200
LightBulb 100
MicrowaveOven 700
MilkCooler 1100 (a)
Oil Burneron Furnace 300
Oil Fired Space Htr(140,000 Btu) 400
Oil Fired Space Htr (85,000 Btu) 225
Oil Fired Space Htr (30,000 Btu) 150
Oven 4500
Paint Sprayer, Airless (1/3 HP) 600 (a)
PaintSprayer, Airless(handheld) 150
Radio 200
Refrigerator 600 (b)
Slow Cooker 200
Submersible Pump (1-1/2 HP) 2800 (a)
SubmersiblePump (1 HP) 2000 (a)
Submersible Pump (1/2 HP) 1500 (a)
TableSaw (10”) 2000 (a)
Television 500
Toaster 1000
Vacuum cleaner 250
VCR 70
Water Heater 3000
Weed Trimmer 500
(a) Hard-starting motors require 3 to 5 times the
rated running watts.
(b) These loads may require up to 15 minutes to
restart due to their normal build up of compressor
head pressure.
NOTE: For extremely hard to start loads such as
air conditioners and air compressors, consult the
equipmentdealer to determine the maximum wattage.
PRE-START PREPARATIONS
Yourgenerator hasbeen thoroughly testedpriorto
shipment from the factory. A factory test report has
been included with this manual. However, damage
can occur during shipping, so be sure to check for
damaged parts or loose or missing nuts and bolts. If
the aforementioned problems occur, call Customer
Service at 1-800-270-0810.
GROUNDING - All units must be grounded. Drive
a 3/4” or 1” copper pipeor rod intothe ground close to
themachine.The pipe/rodmust penetrate moist earth.
Connect an approved ground clamp to the pipe. Run
a 10 Ga. wire from the clamp to the generator
grounding screw located on the generator head. Do
not connect to a water pipe or a ground used by a
radio system.
CAUTION: The engine has been shipped without
oil. Fill the crankcase with oil before trying to start.
Low oil shutdown prevents your generator from
starting without sufficient oil.

8
OPERATING SPEED
The generator must be run at the correct speed in
order to produce the proper electrical voltage and
frequency. The speed of the engine was carefully
adjustedatthe factory so that the generator produces
theproper voltage and frequency.
The output voltage should be checked to ensure
thegenerator is working properly before connecting a
load to thegenerator. Failure to do so could result in
damage to equipment plugged into the unit and
possible injury to the individual.
All engineshave atendency to slow down when a
load isapplied. When the electrical load is connected
to the generator, the engine is more heavily loaded,
and as a result the speed drops slightly. This slight
decrease in speed, together with the voltage drop
within the generator itself, results in a slightly lower
voltage whenthegeneratorisloaded toitsfull capacity
than when it is running with no load. The slight
variation has no appreciable effect in the operation of
motors, lights and most appliances. Electronic
equipmentand clockswill be affected if correct RPM is
notmaintained. See Load vs. Output chart.
Load Output
Percent of
Generator
Output
Speed
(RPM) Frequency (Hz) Generator Voltage at120V
Receptacle
0 % 3750 62.5 129V
50 % 3600 60.0 120V
100% 3540 59.0 112V
Output voltage should be checked periodically to
ensure continued proper operation of the generating
plant and appliances. It can be checked with a
portable meter. Frequency can be checked by using
an electric clock with a sweep second hand. Timed
against a wristwatch or a stopwatch, the clock should
be correct within +/- 2 seconds per minute. All speed
setting adjustments should be done by a qualified
technician.
BEFORESTARTING
1. Make sure the generator is positioned on firm
level surface.
2. Check the crankcase for oil and maintain at a
properlevel.
3. Check fuel level and fill tank 7/8 full with fresh
unleaded automotive gasoline. Never fill fuel tank
completely to the top. Always wipe up and remove
any spilled gasoline.
4.Make sure that the exhaust fumes are directed
away from people.
STARTING - MANUAL
1. Disconnect all loadstogenerator.
2. Turn gasline valveto ONposition.
3. Turn key to the ON position.
4. For cold engine,move choke lever to full choke
position, for warm engine, move choke lever to half
choke or to RUN position.
5. Firmlygrasp recoil handle and pull.
6. When engine starts, move choke lever to RUN
position.
7. Loadsmaynowbe connectedtogenerator.
STARTING - ELECTRIC
1. Disconnect all loadstogenerator.
2. Turn gasline valveto ONposition.
3. For cold engine,move choke lever to full choke
position, for warm engine, move choke lever to half
choke or to RUN position.
4. Turn key to startposition.
5. When engine starts, move choke lever to RUN
position.
6. Loadsmaynowbe connectedtogenerator.
STOPPING
1. Disconnectall loadsto generator.
2. Turn engine key switch to OFF position.
3.Turn gasline valve to OFFposition.
ENGINE CARE
Refer to your Engine Owner’s Manual for proper
care andmaintenance.
NOTE: When changing the oil on a hot engine, the
oil might overshootthe oil drain hole on the generator
base. Use adeflector(piece of cardboard or paper) to
direct theoil down the hole.

9
GENERATOR CARE
The generator head is a two pole, 3600 RPM, 60
Hz, brushless, revolving field and synchronous type
withone sealed radial roller bearing. The rotor of the
generator head is directly connected to the engine
crankshaft and the stator is rigidly coupled to the
engine casting via thegenerator head casting.
Exercising the Generator - The generator
should be operated every four weeks. Warm the
unitup by starting theengine and letting it run for 10to
15 minutes. This will dry out any moisture that has
accumulated in the windings. If left, this moisture can
cause corrosionin the winding. Frequent operation of
the engine/generator will also ensure that the set is
operating properly should it be needed in an
emergency.
Generator Maintenance - The generator head is
brushlessandmaintenance free. Anymajor generator
service, including the installation or replacement of
parts, should be performed by a qualified electrical
service technician. USE ONLY FACTORY
APPROVED REPAIR PARTS. Obtain factory parts
from Customer Service at 1-800-270-0810.
A. Bearing - The bearing used in these generators
isa heavy duty sealed roller bearing. They require no
maintenance orlubrication.
B. Receptacles - Quality receptacles have been
utilized. If a receptacle should become cracked or
otherwise damaged, replace it. Using cracked or
damaged receptacles can be both dangerous to the
operator and destructiveto the equipment.
WARNING, Stand-by Operation
If your generator is to be used as a standby
electric power source in case of utility failure, it must
be installed by a registered and licensed electrician
and in compliance with all applicable state and local
electrical codes. Also,local Fire Departmentsmust be
consulted concerning proper and safe handling
procedures for gasoline. NEVER connect any
generator to any existing electrical system without an
isolating, UL approved transfer switch installed by a
licensedelectrician.

10
TROUBLESHOOTING
Problem Possible Causes Possible Remedies
Engine will not start. a) Low oil level.
b) Fouled sparkplug.
c) Out of fuel.
d) Stopswitchin OFF position.
a) Fill crankcase to properoil level.
b) Clean or replace sparkplug.
c) Fill fuel tank.
d) Place switch in ONposition.
Voltage too low. a) Engine speed too slow.
b) Generatorisoverloaded.
a) Bring generator to a qualified
technician for adjustment.
b) Reduce theload.(SeeLoad
Application section ofthismanual.)
Circuit breaker trips. a) Defective load connected to generator.
b) Defectivereceptacle.
c) Generator overloaded.
a) Disconnectload.
b) Replacereceptacle.
c) Reduce theload.(SeeLoad
Application section ofthismanual.)
Voltage too high. a) Engine speed toohigh. a) Bring generator to a qualified
technician for adjustment.
Generatoroverheating. a) Generatorisoverloaded.
b) Insufficient ventilation.
a) Reduce theload.(SeeLoad
Application section ofthismanual.)
b) Make sure thereisatleast 3 feetof
clearance on all sides of generator.
No output voltage. a) Defectiveload connected to generator.
b) Broken orloose wire.
c) Defective receptacle.
d) Defectivestator.
e) Defective rotor.
f) Defective capacitor.
a) Disconnectload.
b) Bring generator to a qualified
technician for repair.
c) Replacereceptacle.
d) Bring generator to a qualified
technician for repair.
e) Bring generator to a qualified
technician for repair.
f) Bring generator to a qualified
technician for repair.
Engine lacks power. a) Generator is overloaded.
b) Dirty air filter.
a) Reduce theload.(SeeLoad
Application section ofthismanual.)
b) Clean or replace air filter.
Engine shutsdown
duringoperation. a) Outof fuel. b) Lowoillevel. a) Fill fuel tank. b) Fill crankcase to properoil level.