Novell LINUX ENTERPRISE DESKTOP 11 Instruction Manual

SUSE Linux Enterprise
Server
www.novell.com11
March23,2009 Administration Guide

Administration Guide
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Contents
About This Guide xi
Part I Support and Common Tasks 1
1YaST Online Update 3
1.1 Installing Patches Manually Using the Qt Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2 Installing Patches Manually Using the gtk Interface . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.3 Automatic Online Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2Gathering System Information for Support 9
2.1 Novell Support Link Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.2 Using Supportcong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.3 Submitting Information to Novell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3YaST in Text Mode 15
3.1 Navigation in Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.2 Restriction of Key Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.3 YaST Command Line Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4Managing Software with Command Line Tools 21
4.1 UsingZypper........................... 21
4.2 RPM—the Package Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

5Bash and Bash Scripts 39
5.1 What is “The Shell”? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
5.2 Writing Shell Scripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
5.3 Redirecting Command Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
5.4 UsingAliases........................... 47
5.5 Using Variables in Bash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
5.6 Grouping And Combining Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
5.7 Working with Common Flow Constructs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
5.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Part II System 53
632-Bit and 64-Bit Applications in a 64-Bit System Environment 55
6.1 RuntimeSupport......................... 56
6.2 Software Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
6.3 Software Compilation on Biarch Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
6.4 Kernel Specications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
7Booting and Conguring a Linux System 61
7.1 The Linux Boot Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
7.2 TheinitProcess.......................... 65
7.3 System Conguration via /etc/syscong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
8The Boot Loader GRUB 77
8.1 BootingwithGRUB........................ 78
8.2 Conguring the Boot Loader with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
8.3 Uninstalling the Linux Boot Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
8.4 CreatingBootCDs........................ 93
8.5 The Graphical SUSE Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
8.6 Troubleshooting ......................... 95
8.7 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
9Special System Features 99
9.1 Information about Special Software Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
9.2 VirtualConsoles......................... 106
9.3 KeyboardMapping........................ 107
9.4 Language and Country-Specic Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

10 Printer Operation 113
10.1 The Workow of the Printing System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
10.2 Methods and Protocols for Connecting Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
10.3 Installing the Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
10.4 NetworkPrinters......................... 117
10.5 Graphical Printing Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
10.6 Printing from the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
10.7 Special Features in SUSE Linux Enterprise Server . . . . . . . . . . . 120
10.8 Troubleshooting......................... 123
11 Dynamic Kernel Device Management with udev 131
11.1 The /dev Directory....................... 131
11.2 Kernel uevents and udev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
11.3 Drivers, Kernel Modules and Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
11.4 Booting and Initial Device Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
11.5 Monitoring the Running udev Daemon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
11.6 Inuencing Kernel Device Event Handling with udev Rules . . . . . . . 135
11.7 Persistent Device Naming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
11.8 Files used by udev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
11.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
12 The X Window System 145
12.1 Manually Conguring the X Window System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
12.2 Installing and Conguring Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
12.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
13 Accessing File Systems with FUSE 159
13.1 ConguringFUSE........................ 159
13.2 Mounting an NTFS Partition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
13.3 Mounting Remote File System with SSHFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
13.4 Mounting an ISO File System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
13.5 Available FUSE Plug-ins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
13.6 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Part III Mobile Computers 163
14 Mobile Computing with Linux 165
14.1 Laptops ............................ 165
14.2 MobileHardware ........................ 172
14.3 Cellular Phones and PDAs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

14.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
15 Power Management 175
15.1 Power Saving Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
15.2 ACPI.............................. 176
15.3 Rest for the Hard Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
15.4 Troubleshooting......................... 182
15.5 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
16 Using Tablet PCs 185
16.1 Installing Tablet PC Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
16.2 Conguring Your Tablet Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
16.3 Using the Virtual Keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
16.4 Rotating Your Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
16.5 Using Gesture Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
16.6 Taking Notes and Sketching with the Pen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
16.7 Troubleshooting......................... 194
16.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Part IV Services 197
17 Basic Networking 199
17.1 IP Addresses and Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
17.2 IPv6—The Next Generation Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
17.3 NameResolution ........................ 214
17.4 Conguring a Network Connection with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
17.5 NetworkManager ........................ 239
17.6 Conguring a Network Connection Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
17.7 smpppd as Dial-up Assistant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
18 Wireless Communication 259
18.1 WirelessLAN.......................... 259
19 SLP Services in the Network 269
19.1 Installation........................... 269
19.2 ActivatingSLP.......................... 270
19.3 SLP Front-Ends in SUSE Linux Enterprise Server . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
19.4 Installation over SLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
19.5 Providing Services via SLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

19.6 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
20 Time Synchronization with NTP 273
20.1 Conguring an NTP Client with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
20.2 Manually Conguring ntp in the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
20.3 Setting Up a Local Reference Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
20.4 Clock Synchronization to an External Time Reference (ETR) . . . . . . . 278
21 The Domain Name System 279
21.1 DNSTerminology........................ 279
21.2 Installation........................... 280
21.3 Conguration with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
21.4 Starting the Name Server BIND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
21.5 The Conguration File /etc/named.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
21.6 ZoneFiles ........................... 296
21.7 Dynamic Update of Zone Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
21.8 Secure Transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
21.9 DNSSecurity.......................... 302
21.10 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
22 DHCP 303
22.1 Conguring a DHCP Server with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
22.2 DHCP Software Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
22.3 The DHCP Server dhcpd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
22.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
23 Using NetworkManager 321
23.1 Use Cases for NetworkManager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
23.2 Enabling NetworkManager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
23.3 Conguring Network Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
23.4 Using KDE NetworkManager Widget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
23.5 Using GNOME NetworkManager Applet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
23.6 NetworkManager and VPN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
23.7 NetworkManager and Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
23.8 Frequently Asked Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
23.9 Troubleshooting......................... 331
23.10 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
24 Samba 333
24.1 Terminology........................... 333

24.2 Starting and Stopping Samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
24.3 Conguring a Samba Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
24.4 Conguring Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
24.5 Samba as Login Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
24.6 Samba Server in the Network with Active Directory . . . . . . . . . . 344
24.7 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
25 Sharing File Systems with NFS 347
25.1 Installing the Required Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
25.2 Importing File Systems with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
25.3 Importing File Systems Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
25.4 Exporting File Systems with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
25.5 Exporting File Systems Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
25.6 NFS with Kerberos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
25.7 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
26 File Synchronization 361
26.1 Available Data Synchronization Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
26.2 Determining Factors for Selecting a Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
26.3 Introduction to CVS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
26.4 Introduction to rsync . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
26.5 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
27 The Apache HTTP Server 371
27.1 QuickStart........................... 371
27.2 Conguring Apache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
27.3 Starting and Stopping Apache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
27.4 Installing, Activating, and Conguring Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
27.5 Getting CGI Scripts to Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
27.6 Setting Up a Secure Web Server with SSL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
27.7 Avoiding Security Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
27.8 Troubleshooting......................... 409
27.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410
28 Setting up an FTP server with YaST 413
28.1 Starting the FTP server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
28.2 FTP General Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415
28.3 FTP Performance Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416
28.4 Authentication ......................... 416
28.5 ExpertSettings ......................... 417
28.6 For more information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417

29 The Proxy Server Squid 419
29.1 Some Facts about Proxy Caches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
29.2 System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
29.3 StartingSquid.......................... 423
29.4 The Conguration File /etc/squid/squid.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
29.5 Conguring a Transparent Proxy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
29.6 cachemgr.cgi .......................... 434
29.7 Cache Report Generation with Calamaris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436
29.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437