Novell LINUX ENTERPRISE SERVER 10 SP2 - ARCHITECTURE-SPECIFIC INFORMATION... User manual

SUSE Linux Enterprise
Server
www.novell.com10
May08,2008 Installation and Administration

Installation and Administration
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Contents
About This Guide xv
Part I Deployment 1
1Planning for SUSE Linux Enterprise 3
1.1 Considerations for Deployment of a SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . 5
1.2 Deployment of SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3 Running SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2Deployment Strategies 7
2.1 Deploying up to 10 Workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2 Deploying up to 100 Workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.3 Deploying More than 100 Workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3Installation with YaST 17
3.1 IBM POWER: System Start-Up for Network Installation . . . . . . . . . 17
3.2 IBM System z: System Start-Up for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.3 System Start-Up for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.4 The Installation Workow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.5 TheBootScreen......................... 20
3.6 Language ............................ 24
3.7 IBM System z: Hard Disk Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.8 MediaCheck........................... 27
3.9 LicenseAgreement........................ 27
3.10 InstallationMode......................... 28
3.11 Clock and Time Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.12 Installation Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

3.13 Performing the Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.14 Conguration of the Installed System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.15 GraphicalLogin.......................... 44
4Remote Installation 47
4.1 Installation Scenarios for Remote Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
4.2 Setting Up the Server Holding the Installation Sources . . . . . . . . . 56
4.3 Preparing the Boot of the Target System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
4.4 Booting the Target System for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
4.5 Monitoring the Installation Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
5Automated Installation 85
5.1 Simple Mass Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
5.2 Rule-Based Autoinstallation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
5.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
6Deploying Customized Preinstallations 103
6.1 Preparing the Master Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
6.2 Customizing the Firstboot Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
6.3 Cloning the Master Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
6.4 Personalizing the Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
7Advanced Disk Setup 115
7.1 LVMConguration........................ 115
7.2 Soft RAID Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
8System Conguration with YaST 129
8.1 YaSTLanguage.......................... 130
8.2 The YaST Control Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
8.3 Software............................ 132
8.4 Hardware............................ 146
8.5 System............................. 153
8.6 NetworkDevices......................... 164
8.7 NetworkServices........................ 165
8.8 AppArmor ........................... 172
8.9 Security and Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
8.10 Virtualization.......................... 181
8.11 Miscellaneous.......................... 182
8.12 YaSTinTextMode........................ 185
8.13 Managing YaST from the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

8.14 SaX2.............................. 191
8.15 Troubleshooting......................... 197
8.16 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
9Managing Software with ZENworks 199
9.1 Update from the Command Line with rug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
9.2 Managing Packages with the ZEN Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
9.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
10 Updating SUSE Linux Enterprise 211
10.1 Updating SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
10.2 Installing Service Packs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
10.3 Software Changes from Version 9 to Version 10 . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Part II Administration 239
11 OpenWBEM 241
11.1 Setting Up OpenWBEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
11.2 Changing the OpenWBEM CIMOM Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . 248
11.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
12 Mass Storage over IP Networks—iSCSI 271
12.1 Setting Up an iSCSI Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
12.2 Conguring iSCSI Initiator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
13 iSNS for Linux Overview 281
13.1 HowiSNSWorks......................... 281
13.2 iSNS for Linux Installation and Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
13.3 SettingUpiSNS......................... 283
13.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
14 Oracle Cluster File System 2 287
14.1 O2CB Cluster Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
14.2 DiskHeartbeat ......................... 289
14.3 In-Memory File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
14.4 Management Utilities and Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
14.5 OCFS2Packages......................... 293
14.6 Creating an OCFS2 Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

14.7 Mounting an OCFS2 Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
14.8 Additional Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
15 Access Control Lists in Linux 301
15.1 Traditional File Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
15.2 Advantages of ACLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
15.3 Denitions........................... 303
15.4 HandlingACLs.......................... 304
15.5 ACL Support in Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
15.6 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
16 RPM—the Package Manager 313
16.1 Verifying Package Authenticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
16.2 Managing Packages: Install, Update, and Uninstall . . . . . . . . . . . 314
16.3 RPMandPatches........................ 315
16.4 Delta RPM Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
16.5 RPMQueries.......................... 318
16.6 Installing and Compiling Source Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
16.7 Compiling RPM Packages with build . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
16.8 Tools for RPM Archives and the RPM Database . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
17 System Monitoring Utilities 325
17.1 Debugging........................... 326
17.2 Files and File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
17.3 Hardware Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
17.4 Networking........................... 333
17.5 The /proc FileSystem...................... 334
17.6 Processes............................ 337
17.7 System Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
17.8 User Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
17.9 TimeandDate.......................... 345
18 Working with the Shell 347
18.1 Getting Started with the Bash Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
18.2 Users and Access Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
18.3 Important Linux Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
18.4 TheviEditor.......................... 374

Part III System 379
19 32-Bit and 64-Bit Applications in a 64-Bit System Environment 381
19.1 RuntimeSupport ........................ 382
19.2 Software Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
19.3 Software Compilation on Biarch Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384
19.4 Kernel Specications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386
20 Booting and Conguring a Linux System 387
20.1 The Linux Boot Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
20.2 TheinitProcess......................... 391
20.3 System Conguration via /etc/syscong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
21 The Boot Loader 403
21.1 Selecting a Boot Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404
21.2 Booting with GRUB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404
21.3 Conguring the Boot Loader with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
21.4 Uninstalling the Linux Boot Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418
21.5 Creating Boot CDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418
21.6 The Graphical SUSE Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
21.7 Troubleshooting......................... 420
21.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422
22 Special System Features 423
22.1 Information about Special Software Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
22.2 VirtualConsoles......................... 430
22.3 Keyboard Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430
22.4 Language and Country-Specic Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
23 Printer Operation 437
23.1 The Workow of the Printing System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
23.2 Methods and Protocols for Connecting Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
23.3 Installing the Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440
23.4 Setting Up a Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441
23.5 NetworkPrinters......................... 445
23.6 Graphical Printing Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448
23.7 Printing from the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448
23.8 Special Features in SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449
23.9 Troubleshooting......................... 453

24 Dynamic Kernel Device Management with udev 461
24.1 The /dev Directory....................... 461
24.2 Kernel uevents and udev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462
24.3 Drivers, Kernel Modules, and Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462
24.4 Booting and Initial Device Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
24.5 Debugging udev Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
24.6 Inuencing Kernel Device Event Handling with udev Rules . . . . . . . 464
24.7 Persistent Device Naming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465
24.8 The Replaced hotplug Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466
24.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467
25 File Systems in Linux 469
25.1 Terminology........................... 469
25.2 Major File Systems in Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470
25.3 Some Other Supported File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476
25.4 Large File Support in Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
25.5 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478
26 The X Window System 481
26.1 Manually Conguring the X Window System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481
26.2 Installing and Conguring Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488
26.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494
27 Authentication with PAM 495
27.1 Structure of a PAM Conguration File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496
27.2 The PAM Conguration of sshd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497
27.3 Conguration of PAM Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500
27.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502
28 Power Management 503
28.1 Power Saving Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504
28.2 APM.............................. 505
28.3 ACPI.............................. 507
28.4 Rest for the Hard Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514
28.5 The powersave Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515
28.6 The YaST Power Management Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524
29 Wireless Communication 529
29.1 WirelessLAN.......................... 529

Part IV Services 541
30 Basic Networking 543
30.1 IP Addresses and Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546
30.2 IPv6—The Next Generation Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549
30.3 NameResolution ........................ 558
30.4 Conguring a Network Connection with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . 560
30.5 Managing Network Connections with NetworkManager . . . . . . . . 579
30.6 Conguring a Network Connection Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581
30.7 smpppd as Dial-up Assistant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597
31 SLP Services in the Network 601
31.1 ActivatingSLP.......................... 601
31.2 SLP Front-Ends in SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602
31.3 Installation over SLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602
31.4 Providing Services with SLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603
31.5 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604
32 Time Synchronization with NTP 605
32.1 Conguring an NTP Client with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605
32.2 Conguring xntp in the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609
32.3 Setting Up a Local Reference Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609
33 The Domain Name System 611
33.1 DNSTerminology........................ 611
33.2 Conguration with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612
33.3 Starting the Name Server BIND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622
33.4 The Conguration File /etc/named.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624
33.5 ZoneFiles ........................... 628
33.6 Dynamic Update of Zone Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633
33.7 Secure Transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633
33.8 DNSSecurity.......................... 635
33.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635
34 DHCP 637
34.1 Conguring a DHCP Server with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638
34.2 DHCP Software Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649
34.3 The DHCP Server dhcpd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650
34.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653

35 Using NIS 655
35.1 Conguring NIS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655
35.2 Conguring NIS Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661
36 LDAP—A Directory Service 663
36.1 LDAPversusNIS......................... 664
36.2 Structure of an LDAP Directory Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665
36.3 Server Conguration with slapd.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669
36.4 Data Handling in the LDAP Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675
36.5 Conguring an LDAP Server with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679
36.6 Conguring an LDAP Client with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684
36.7 Conguring LDAP Users and Groups in YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693
36.8 Browsing the LDAP Directory Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695
36.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 696
37 Samba 699
37.1 Terminology........................... 699
37.2 Starting and Stopping Samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701
37.3 Conguring a Samba Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701
37.4 Conguring Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707
37.5 Samba as Login Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 708
37.6 Samba Server in the Network with Active Directory . . . . . . . . . . 709
37.7 Migrating a Windows NT Server to Samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711
37.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 713
38 Sharing File Systems with NFS 715
38.1 Installing the Required Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715
38.2 Importing File Systems with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716
38.3 Importing File Systems Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717
38.4 Exporting File Systems with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719
38.5 Exporting File Systems Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725
38.6 NFS with Kerberos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 728
38.7 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 728
39 File Synchronization 729
39.1 Available Data Synchronization Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729
39.2 Determining Factors for Selecting a Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . 731
39.3 Introduction to CVS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 734
39.4 Introduction to rsync . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 737