Panametrics Sentinel User manual

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910-246D
August 2021
Sentinel™
User’s Manual

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panametrics.com
Copyright 2016 Baker Hughes company.
This material contains one or more registered trademarks of Baker Hughes Company and its subsidiaries
in one or more countries. All third-party product and company names are trademarks of their respective
holders.
Sentinel™
User’s Manual
910-246 D
August 2021

ii
[no content intended for this page]

Sentinel™ User’s Manual iii
Preface
Information Paragraphs
Note: These paragraphs provide information that provides a deeper understanding of the situation, but is not
essential to the proper completion of the instructions.
IMPORTANT: These paragraphs provide information that emphasizes instructions that are essential to proper setup
of the equipment. Failure to follow these instructions carefully may cause unreliable performance.
Safety Issues
Auxiliary Equipment
Local Safety Standards
The user must make sure that he operates all auxiliary equipment in accordance with local codes, standards,
regulations, or laws applicable to safety.
Working Area
CAUTION! This symbol indicates a risk of potential minor personal injury and/or severe damage to
the equipment, unless these instructions are followed carefully.
WARNING! This symbol indicates a risk of potential serious personal injury, unless these
instructions are followed carefully.
WARNING! It is the responsibility of the user to make sure all local, county, state and national
codes, regulations, rules and laws related to safety and safe operating conditions are
met for each installation.
WARNING! Auxiliary equipment may have both manual and automatic modes of operation. As
equipment can move suddenly and without warning, do not enter the work cell of this
equipment during automatic operation, and do not enter the work envelope of this
equipment during manual operation. If you do, serious injury can result.
WARNING! Make sure that power to the auxiliary equipment is turned OFF and locked out before
you perform maintenance procedures on the equipment.

Preface
iv Sentinel™ User’s Manual
Qualification of Personnel
Make sure that all personnel have manufacturer-approved training applicable to the auxiliary equipment.
Personal Safety Equipment
Make sure that operators and maintenance personnel have all safety equipment applicable to the auxiliary
equipment. Examples include safety glasses, protective headgear, safety shoes, etc.
Unauthorized Operation
Make sure that unauthorized personnel cannot gain access to the operation of the equipment.
Environmental Compliance
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive
Baker Huhges is an active participant in Europe’s Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) take-back
initiative, directive 2012/19/EU.
The equipment that you bought has required the extraction and use of natural resources for its production. It may
contain hazardous substances that could impact health and the environment.
In order to avoid the dissemination of those substances in our environment and to diminish the pressure on the
natural resources, we encourage you to use the appropriate take-back systems. Those systems will reuse or recycle
most of the materials of your end life equipment in a sound way.
The crossed-out wheeled bin symbol invites you to use those systems.
If you need more information on the collection, reuse and recycling systems, please contact your local or regional
waste administration.
Visit www.bakerhughesds.com/health-safetyand-environment-hse for take-back instructions and more information
about this initiative.

Sentinel™ User’s Manual vii
Contents
Chapter 1. Installation
1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xi
1.2 Advantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xi
1.3 Meter Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii
1.4 Name and Specification Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xiii
1.5 Principles of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
1.5.1 Transit-Time Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xiv
1.5.2 Transducers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xiv
1.5.3 Multi-Path Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
1.5.4 Flow Profile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
1.5.5 Maximum and Minimum Flow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xvi
1.6 Installation Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xviii
1.6.1 Sentinel Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xix
1.6.2 Pressure Drop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xx
1.6.3 Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxi
1.6.4 Installation Precautions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxii
1.7 Installing the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxiii
1.8 Making the Electrical Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxiv
1.8.1 Removing the Covers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxv
1.8.2 Wiring the Line Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxvi
1.8.3 Wiring the Serial Port. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxviii
1.8.4 Wiring the Modbus Communications Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxix
1.8.5 Wiring the Input/Output (I/O) Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxix
1.8.6 Wiring the Alarm Relay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxx
1.8.7 Wiring 0/4-20 mA Analog Inputs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxi
1.8.8 Wiring the Frequency/Totalizer Output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxii
1.8.9 Wiring the Std 0/4-20 mA Analog Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxxiii
1.8.10 Adjusting the LCD Contrast and Brightness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxxiv
Chapter 2. Initial Setup
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xliii
2.2 Adding a Communications Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xliii
2.3 Adding the Sentinel to the Communications Port. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xlv
2.4 Meter Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xlix
2.5 Meter Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . li
2.6 Signal Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lii
2.6.1 Channel Tabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . liv
2.6.2 Signal Setup Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lxii
Chapter 3. Operation
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lxiii
3.2 Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lxiii
3.2.1 Powering Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lxiii
3.2.2 Function Verification Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lxiv
3.2.3 Installation Troubleshooting Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lxiv
3.2.4 The LCD Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lxv
3.3 Setting Configuration Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lxvi
3.4 Archiving Site Configuration Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lxvii
3.5 Programming a Fault Alarm/Flow Direction Indicator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lxix
3.6 Configuring and Calibrating the Analog Outputs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lxx
3.6.1 Configuring the Analog Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lxx
3.6.2 Calibrating the Analog Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lxxi
3.7 Configuring and Testing the Frequency Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lxxiii
3.7.1 Configuring the Frequency Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lxxiii
3.7.2 Testing the Frequency Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lxxv
3.8 Calibrating the Sensors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lxxvi
3.9 Entering Temperature and Pressure Constants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lxxvii
3.10 Entering Velocity Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lxxviii

Contents
viii Sentinel™ User’s Manual
3.11 Displaying Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lxxix
3.12 Resetting the Totalizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lxxxiv
3.12.1 Preparing the Electronics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lxxxv
3.12.2 Using PanaView to Clear the Totalizers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lxxxvi
3.12.3 Returning to Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lxxxviii
Chapter 4. Error Codes
4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xci
4.2 Error Descriptions and Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xcii
4.2.1 Err 0: No Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xcii
4.2.2 Err 1: Low Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xcii
4.2.3 Err 2: Soundspeed Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xcii
4.2.4 Err 3: Velocity Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xciii
4.2.5 Err 4: Signal Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xciii
4.2.6 Err 5: Amplitude Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xciii
4.2.7 Err 6: Cycle Skip, Accel.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xciii
4.2.8 Err 7: DSP Signal Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xciv
4.2.9 Err 8: Temp Input Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xciv
4.2.10 Err 9: Press In Error. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xciv
4.2.11 Err 10: Totalizer Overflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xciv
Chapter 5. Diagnostics
5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xcv
5.2 Displaying Diagnostic Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xcv
5.3 Diagnostic Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xcvii
5.4 Flowcell Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xcviii
5.4.1 Gas Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xcviii
5.4.2 Pipe Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xcix
5.5 Transducer Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xcix
Chapter 6. Transducer Replacement
6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ci
6.2 T11 Transducer Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ci
6.3 Replacing T11 Transducers in a Depressurized Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ci
6.3.1 Removing the Old Transducer from a Depressurized Pipe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cii
6.3.2 T11 Transducer Installation Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ciii
6.3.3 Installing a New Transducer in a Depressurized Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ciii
6.4 Replacing T11 Transducers in a Pressurized Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cvi
6.4.1 Removing the Old Transducer from a Pressurized Pipe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cvii
6.4.2 T11 Transducer Installation Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cxi
6.4.3 Installing a New Transducer in a Pressurized Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cxi
Chapter 7. Specifications
7.1 System Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cxv
7.1.1 Operating Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cxv
7.1.2 Ambient Temperature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cxv
7.1.3 Meter Nominal Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cxv
7.1.4 Flow Velocity Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cxvi
7.2 Electronics Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cxvii
7.3 Environmental Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cxxi
7.3.1 Operating Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cxxi
7.3.2 Random Vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cxxi
7.3.3 Sinusoidal Vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cxxi
7.3.4 Mechanical Shock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cxxii
7.3.5 Power Voltage Variation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cxxii
7.3.6 Short Time Power Reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cxxii
7.3.7 Bursts (Transients). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cxxii
7.3.8 Electrostatic Discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cxxiii
7.3.9 Electromagnetic Susceptibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cxxiii

Sentinel™ User’s Manual ix
Contents
7.4 T11 Transducer Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cxxiv
7.5 Spoolpiece Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cxxv
7.6 Sentinel Ordering Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cxxvii
7.6.1 Spoolpiece Ordering Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cxxvii
7.6.2 Electronics Ordering Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cxxviii
7.6.3 Standard Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cxxviii
Appendix A. CE Mark Compliance
A.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cxxix
A.2 Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cxxix
Appendix B. Data Records
B.1 Service Record. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cxxxi
B.2 Diagnostic Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cxxxii
B.3 Option Cards Installed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cxxxiv
Appendix C. Brazilian INMETRO Approval
Appendix D. NMI Nederlands Meetinstituut Approval
Appendix E. Romanian Bureau of Legal Metrology Approval

Contents
x Sentinel™ User’s Manual

Sentinel™ User’s Manual 1
Chapter 1. Installation
Chapter 1. Installation
1.1 Introduction
The Panametrics Sentinel, shown in Figure 1 below, is a flow measurement system that includes a multi-path
ultrasonic flowmeter, associated upstream piping, and a flow conditioner. The entire system is shipped fully
assembled and configured. The system was designed specifically for the natural gas custody transfer industry and
meets or exceeds all requirements of AGA Report No. 9.
1.2 Advantages
The Sentinel Flow Measurement System features numerous unique advantages:
• High turndown ratio
• Low sensitivity to many upstream flow disturbances
• Capability of bi-directional flow measurement with equal accuracy
• Minimal maintenance
• Transducer replacement without the need for pipe shutdown or recalibration
Figure 1: Sentinel Flow Measurement System

Chapter 1. Installation
2 Sentinel™ User’s Manual
1.3 Meter Components
Figure 19 on page xxxvii shows the complete Sentinel system and each item is described in Table 1 and Table 2 below.
No. Component Description Qty
1 Meter Body Measurement section of a Sentinel System. 1
2 Name and Specification
Plate All pertinent information in a single location. 1
3 Transducer Holder Assembly Device to support a transducer and provide a mounting point for
the Insertion Mechanism. 4
4 Transducer Flow sensor to transmit and receive ultrasonic waves. 4
5 Cable Assembly -
Transducer to Electronics
Unit
Conductors assembled and rated for hazardous areas. 4
6 Explosion-Proof Junction Box Housing for electrical connections in hazardous area. 4
7 Electronics Unit Meter electronics equipment, including power supply, processing
unit and communications. 1
8 External Conduits
Connection Location for power and communications connections. Cable glands are 3/4” NPT. 4
9 Upstream Spoolpiece
(length = 10 x ID) Meter run section (downstream of the flow conditioner) which allows the flow to develop before entering the meter body. 1
10 Flow Conditioner
Model CPA 50E Device to reduce the effects of upstream piping configurations. 1
11 Downstream Spoolpiece*
(length = 10 x ID) Meter run section (downstream of the flow conditioner) which allows the flow to develop before entering the meter body. 1*
12 Flow Conditioner*
Model CPA 50E Device to reduce the effects of upstream piping configurations. 1*
13 Nuts and Bolts Hardware to hold flanges together. AR
14 Gasket Seal between each set of flanges. AR
15 Flowcell Stand
(removed after installation) Structure to support the meter body during shipping and storage. 2
16 Pressure Port 1/4” female NPT (shipped with pipe plug installed). 1
* Optional items for bi-directional flow applications.
Component Materials (ASTM)
Pipe Flanges and Fittings Carbon Steel (A105 or A350 LF2*)
Pipe Sections Carbon Steel (A106 Gr. B or A333 Gr. 6*)
Transducer Holder Parts Stainless Steel 316/316L (A276)
T11 Transducers Titanium CP Gr. 2 (B348/B381) or Stainless Steel 316/316L (A276)
* A350 LF2 and A333 Gr. 6 are used for low temperature service and are specified by the customer.

Sentinel™ User’s Manual 3
Chapter 1. Installation
1.4 Name and Specification Plate
The location of the Sentinel specification plate is shown in Figure 1 on page xi and Figure 19 on page xxxvii. Figure 2
below shows a blank plate. The specifications can be filled in by the user, for quick reference while using the manual.
Figure 2: Sentinel Data Plate
1.5 Principles of Operation
The Sentinel Measurement System uses ultrasonic transit-time technology. A brief description of transit-time theory
follows. For more information about the theory, and the use of Panametrics ultrasonic flowmeters for measuring flow,
please refer to Ultrasonic Measurements for Process Control by L.C. Lynnworth (Academic Press, 1989).
Tag No.:
Date:
Serial No.:
PO No.:
SO No.:
Meter Size:
Inner Diameter:
Flange Class:
Dry Weight:
Meter Body Material:
Flange Material:
Body Design Code:
Flange Design Code:
Storage Temp.:
Ambient Oper. Temp.:
Process Temp.:
Max. Oper. Pressure:
Flow Range:
Flow Direction

Chapter 1. Installation
4 Sentinel™ User’s Manual
1.5.1 Transit-Time Method
The transit time technique uses a pair of transducers, with each transducer alternately sending and receiving coded
ultrasonic signals through the fluid. Figure 3 below shows the paths used in the Sentinel. When the fluid is flowing,
signal transit time in the downstream direction is shorter than in the upstream direction; the difference between
these transit times is proportional to the flow velocity. The Sentinel measures this very small time difference and,
using various digital signal processing techniques combined with programmed pipe parameters, determines the
flow rate and direction.
Figure 3: Path Configuration
1.5.2 Transducers
When in a transmit cycle, transducers convert electrical energy into ultrasonic pulses and then convert the ultrasonic
pulses back to electrical energy when in a receive cycle. In other words, they act like loudspeakers when transmitting
the signal and like microphones when receiving it. They perform the actual data transmission and collection, thus
interrogating the flow.
The transducers in the Sentinel Measurement System were specifically designed to work with the available Insertion
Mechanism. In the event that a transducer becomes damaged or non-functional, it can be replaced without shutting
down the pipeline. The insertion mechanism is an option available with all offered versions of the Sentinel. To keep
the fluid from escaping while the transducer is being replaced, it is recommended that a shutoff valve be part of the
original transducer holder assembly.
Downstream
Transducer
Upstream
Transducer
Upstream
Transducer Downstream
Transducer
Fluid
Flow
Signal Path
Signal Path

Sentinel™ User’s Manual 5
Chapter 1. Installation
1.5.3 Multi-Path Design
Multi-path ultrasonic flowmeters are designed with more than one pair of transducers to interrogate the flow field in
different locations and more accurately determine the actual flow rate. The Sentinel Measurement System uses two
measurement locations. Both measurement paths are located along a diameter of the meter body and tilted at an
angle. The two measurement paths are orthogonal to each other (see Figure 3 on page xiv).
1.5.4 Flow Profile
One of the main factors affecting an ultrasonic flow measurement is the flow profile. If the flow profile is known,
mathematical modeling of the flow and the relationships between the paths' raw data can be made. This justifies the
required use of a flow-conditioning device with this system. A simulation example of how the flow conditioner
reduces secondary flow is shown in Figure 4 below. Maintaining a constant flow-profile shape across all flow
velocities, pipe sizes and upstream flow disturbances is difficult. For this reason, the factory has tested the Sentinel
under various conditions in an effort to determine its operational limits.
Figure 4: Using a Flow Conditioner to Influence Flow Profile
5 D
10 D
x
z
y
Vz
Vz
Vx, Vy
Strong Cross Flow
Cross Flow is Eliminated
Vx, Vy  0
Flow Conditioner
Regular
Velocity
Profile
Irregular
Velocity
Profile
Disturbance Element

Chapter 1. Installation
6 Sentinel™ User’s Manual
1.5.5 Maximum and Minimum Flow
Maximum and minimum flow rates through the Sentinel Flow Measurement System are based on the pipe diameter
and the process fluid pressure. The information in the following tables is approximate, and is based on representative
natural gas components at a process temperature of 70°F (21°C). See Table 3 and Table 4 below for English units and
Table 5 on page 7 and Table 6 on page 7 for metric units.
psig 6” 8” 10” 12” 14” 16” 18” 20” 24”
100 16.2 28.0 44.2 47.3 57.2 74.7 94.5 117.5 169.9
200 30.7 53.2 83.9 89.8 108.6 141.8 179.5 223.1 322.6
400 61.1 105.9 166.8 178.6 215.9 282.0 357.0 443.6 641.6
600 93.3 161.5 254.6 272.6 329.5 430.4 544.8 677.0 979.1
800 127.3 220.4 347.4 371.9 449.4 587.1 743.2 923.4 1335.6
1000 163.0 282.2 444.9 476.3 575.6 751.9 951.8 1182.7 1710.5
1200 200.3 346.8 546.7 585.3 707.3 924.0 1169.6 1453.3 2102.0
1400 238.8 413.6 651.9 697.9 843.5 1101.9 1394.7 1733.1 2506.6
1480 254.5 440.7 694.7 743.7 898.8 1174.1 1486.2 1846.8 2671.0
Maximum flow rates are based on 118 ft/sec flow velocity for 6” through 10” diameter pipes,
and on 89 ft/sec for 12” through 24” diameter pipes.
psig 6” 8” 10” 12” 14” 16” 18” 20” 24”
100 0.3 0.6 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.8
200 0.6 1.1 1.7 1.5 1.8 2.4 3.0 3.7 5.4
400 1.2 2.1 3.3 3.0 3.6 4.7 5.9 7.4 10.7
600 1.9 3.2 5.1 4.5 5.5 7.2 9.1 11.3 16.3
800 2.5 4.4 6.9 6.2 7.5 9.8 12.4 15.4 22.2
1000 3.3 5.6 8.9 7.9 9.6 12.5 15.8 19.7 28.4
1200 4.0 6.9 10.9 9.7 11.8 15.4 19.4 24.2 35.0
1400 4.8 8.3 13.0 11.6 14.0 18.3 23.2 28.8 41.7
1480 5.1 8.8 13.9 12.4 14.9 19.5 24.7 30.7 44.4
Minimum flow rates are based on 2.36 ft/sec flow velocity for 6” through 10” diameter pipes,
and on 1.48 ft/sec for 12” through 24” diameter pipes.

Sentinel™ User’s Manual 7
Chapter 1. Installation
1.5.5 Maximum and Minimum Flow (cont.)
bar 15cm 20cm 25cm 30cm 36cm 41cm 46cm 51cm 61cm
79.2 15.9 25.0 22.3 26.9 35.2 44.5 55.3 80.0
14 17.4 30.1 47.5 42.3 51.1 66.8 84.5 105.0 151.9
28 34.6 59.9 94.5 84.1 101.7 132.8 168.1 208.9 302.1
41 52.8 91.5 144.2 128.4 155.1 202.7 256.5 318.8 461.0
55 72.1 124.8 196.7 175.1 211.6 276.5 349.9 434.8 628.9
69 92.3 159.8 251.9 224.3 271.0 354.1 448.2 556.9 805.5
83 113.4 196.4 309.6 275.6 333.1 435.1 550.7 684.3 989.8
96 135.3 234.2 369.2 328.6 397.2 518.9 656.8 816.1 1180.3
102 144.1 249.6 393.4 350.2 423.2 552.9 699.8 869.6 1257.8
Maximum flow rates are based on 0.72 m/sec flow velocity for 15 cm through 25 cm diameter
pipes, and on 0.45 m/sec for 30 cm through 61 cm diameter pipes.
bar 15cm 20cm 25cm 30cm 36cm 41cm 46cm 51cm 61cm
70.5 0.8 1.3 1.3 1.6 2.1 2.7 3.3 4.8
14 0.9 1.5 2.4 2.5 3.1 4.0 5.1 6.3 9.1
28 1.7 3.0 4.7 5.1 6.1 8.0 10.1 12.6 18.2
41 2.6 4.6 7.2 7.7 9.3 12.2 15.4 19.2 27.7
55 3.6 6.2 9.8 10.5 12.7 16.6 21.0 26.1 37.8
69 4.6 8.0 12.6 13.5 16.3 21.3 27.0 33.5 48.4
83 5.7 9.8 15.5 16.6 20.0 26.2 33.1 41.2 59.5
96 6.8 11.7 18.5 19.8 23.9 31.2 39.5 49.1 71.0
102 7.2 12.5 19.7 21.1 25.5 33.2 42.1 52.3 75.6
Minimum flow rates are based on 36 m/sec flow velocity for 15 cm through 25 cm diameter pipes,
and on 27 m/sec for 30 cm through 61 cm diameter pipes.

Chapter 1. Installation
8 Sentinel™ User’s Manual
1.6 Installation Guidelines
This section provides general information with respect to the mechanical and electrical installation, and should be
thoroughly reviewed before the system is installed. To ensure safe and reliable operation of the Sentinel, the system
must be installed in accordance with the guidelines established by Panametrics, as explained in this chapter.
WARNING! The Sentinel Flow Measurement System can measure the flow rate of many gases,
some of which are potentially hazardous. The importance of proper safety practices
cannot be overemphasized.
WARNING! Be sure to follow all applicable local safety codes and regulations for installing
electrical equipment and working with hazardous gases or flow conditions. Consult
company safety personnel or local safety authorities to verify the safety of any
procedure or practice.
WARNING! To meet CE Mark requirements, all cables must be installed as described in Appendix A,
CE Mark Compliance.

Sentinel™ User’s Manual 9
Chapter 1. Installation
1.6.1 Sentinel Location
For both uni-directional and bi-directional flow (see Figure 5 and Figure 6 below), a minimum of five diameters of
straight pipe shall be provided by the customer on either side of the meter run, directly upstream of the flow
conditioning plate and downstream of any disturbances or pipe bends. An additional length of straight pipe will help
produce a more symmetrical flow profile, thus reducing the measurement uncertainty.
Figure 5: Typical Sentinel Installation, Uni-Directional Flow
Figure 6: Typical Sentinel Installation, Bi-Directional Flow
Flow Conditioning Plate
(provided but not shown)
Flow
Direction
Sentinel Flowmeter
(provided)
Five Diameters
of Straight Pipe
(minimum)
Five Diameters
of Straight Pipe
(minimum)
Ten-Diameter-
Long Spoolpiece
(provided)
Flow Conditioning Plate
(provided but not shown) Flow
Direction
Sentinel Flowmeter
(provided)
Flow Conditioning Plate
(provided but not shown)
Five Diameters
of Straight Pipe
(minimum)
Five Diameters
of Straight Pipe
(minimum)
Ten-Diameter-
Long Spoolpiece
(provided)

Chapter 1. Installation
10 Sentinel™ User’s Manual
1.6.2 Pressure Drop
The flow conditioning plate causes a pressure drop through the line. This pressure drop is directly related to the gas
composition and properties, and to the flow velocity through the pipe.
Using a representative natural gas composition at 70° F, an estimate of the associated pressure drop can be
computed for reference. Figure 7 below shows pressure drop as a function of velocity for a uni-directional flow
installation with a single flow conditioning plate at various line pressures. The pressure drop through the meter
section would be doubled for a bi-directional installation with two flow conditioning plates.The example shown is for
natural gas, flowing at
40 ft/sec through a pipe with a pressure of 1000 psi. The pressure drop across the flow conditioning plate is about
1 psid.
When the actual gas properties are known, a more accurate calculation can be performed using the following basic
equation for the pressure drop:
where P is the pressure drop across the flow conditioning plate, k is the loss coefficient for the plate (1.6),  is the gas
density (based on pressure, temperature, and gas composition), and V is the flow velocity through the pipe.
Figure 7: Flow Conditioning Plate Pressure Drop
P1
2
--kV2 =
Flow Velocity (ft/sec)
Associated Flow Conditioning Plate Pressure Drop
Pressure Drop (psid)