Panasonic BP-5917C40 Release Note

August 1998
Solar Cells
Technical Handbook ‘98/99
PDF File Technical Handbook
NOTICE TO READERS
It is the responsibility of each user to ensure that each battery application system is adequately designed safe and compatible with all conditions
encountered during use, and in conformance with existing standards and requirements. Any circuits contained herein are illustrative only and each
user must ensure that each circuit is safe and otherwise completely appropriate for the desired application.
This literature contains information concerning cells and batteries manufactured by Matsushita Battery Industrial Co., Ltd. This information is
generally descriptive only and is not intended to make or imply any representation guarantee or warranty with respect to any cells and batteries. Cell
and battery designs are subject to modification without notice. All descriptions and warranties are solely as contained in formal offers to sell or
quotations made by Matsushita Battery Industrial Co., Ltd. Panasonic Sales Companies and Panasonic Agencies.
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Panasonic Solar Cells Handbook, Page 1 August 1998
SOLAR CELLS: TABLE OF CONTENTS
SOLAR CELLS: TABLE OF CONTENTS
Thin-Film Solar Cells (Sunceram II)
Thin-Film Solar Cells (Sunceram II) ............................................................ 2
•General Information, Principle of Power Generation,
Construction, Sunceram II Features, Output
Characteristics of Solar Cells, Dependence of Cells on
Series Connection, Light-Sensing Area and Dependence
on Light Intensity, Temperature Characteristics, Typical
Applications
Sunceram II Cells for Indoor Use.................................................................. 7
•General Information, Features, Applications,
Specifications, Dimensions, Operating-Current vs.
Operating voltage, Precautions for use
Sunceram II Cells for Outdoor Use............................................................... 10
•General Information, Features, Applications,
Specifications, Dimensions, Operating-Current vs.
Operating voltage, Precautions for use
Sunceram II Modules for Outdoor Use ........................................................ 15
•General Information, Features, Applications,
Specifications, Dimensions, Voltage-Current
Characteristics, Precautions for use
Thin Film Solar Cell Sunceram II Outdoor Solar Power Supply Units.... 18
•General Information, Features, Applications, Standard
Specification, Guidelines for the Usable Consumption
Current, External Dimensions
Sunceram II Power Units for Outdoor Use .................................................. 20
•General Information, Features, Applications,
Specifications, Daily usable Current Capacity,
Dimensions
Micro Power Sign Unit ................................................................................... 22
•General Information, Features, Applications
Solar Cell - Powered Warning Lights ........................................................... 26
•General Information, Features, Applications
Silicon Solar Modules
Silicon Solar Modules ..................................................................................... 28
•General Information Features Applications Structure
and Electricity Generation Principle of Silicon Solar
Cells Specifications Dimensions Individual Data
Sheets
Silicon Solar Modules with Array Support .................................................. 31
•General Information Features Specifications Figures
Dimensions
Overcharge Protection Circuits: Distribution Panels ................................. 35
•General Information Features Specifications Figures
Dimensions
Solar Cell Design ............................................................................................. 39

Panasonic Solar Cells Handbook, Page 2 August 1998
1. THIN-FILM SOLAR CELLS (SUNCERAM II)
1.1. General Information
Research conducted by Panasonic over many years on
solar cells and the application of this new technology
culminated in 1984 with the successful development of
the world’s first thin-film solar cell using compound
semiconductors. The company named these cells
Sunceram II.
The Sunceram II cells have good weatherproof
properties and high spectral sensitivity characteristics
over a wide wavelength range. Furthermore, since the
entire film-forming process involves only screen-
printing and since belt sintering is employed, these cells
are very amenable to mass production. It also means that
high-voltage type solar cells can be formed at a high
density on a single glass substrate, and that it is easy to
produce them with larger surface areas.
Besides developing compact and lightweight Sunceram
II modules for outdoor use which maintain a stable
performance over prolonged periods, Panasonic has
developed compact, high-performance Sunceram II sign
units which are used in combination with the company's
own coin-type rechargeable batteries.
With its sights firmly fixed on power sources for the
new forms of soft energy which will be abundant in the
twenty-first century, Panasonic is committed to
developing new products which will fill the needs of the
market.
1.2. Principle of Power Generation
The principle of power generation behind the Sunceram
II solar cells consists of the utilization of the
photovoltaic effect of semiconductors. When such a cell
is exposed to light, electron-hole pairs are generated in
proportion to the intensity of the light. Solar cells are
made by bonding together p-type and n-type
semiconductors. The negatively charged electrons move
to the n-type semiconductor while the positively charged
holes move to the p-type semiconductor. They collect at
both electrodes to form a potential.
When the two electrodes are connected by a wire, a
current flows and the electric power thus generated can
be transferred to an outside application.
Load
Negative electrode
Positive electrode
Electrons
Positively charged holes
(positive charge due
to absence of electrons)
Light
Glass substrate
Current-collector
p-type
semiconductor
n-type
semiconductor
Cross-sectional view of Sunceram II

Panasonic Solar Cells Handbook, Page 3 August 1998
THIN-FILM SOLAR CELLS (SUNCERAM II) - CONTINUED
1.3. Construction
Since screen printing is used for the entire film-forming
process, the Sunceram II cells with a large surface area
can be made relatively easily, while any number of cells
in any required shape can be connected in series or in
parallel on the glass substrate at the same time as the
films are formed. The figures below show two typical
examples of the construction of cells connected in
series. When the cells are used in calculators and other
applications involving relatively faint currents,
connection method (a) is mainly used; when they are
used in high-brightness conditions with high currents,
method (b) is used.
1.3.1. Construction of Sunceram II cells connected
in series
(a) Connection at lower edge of each cell
(b) Connection along entire length of cell sides
1.4 Sunceram II Features
1. High, wide-ranging spectral sensitivity
characteristics
The cells have wider spectral characteristics in various
wavelength regions than crystalline silicon and are more
sensitive over a wider wavelength region than
amorphous silicon.
Emission spectrum of light sources
Spectral sensitivity characteristics of solar cells
2. Excellent sunlight irradiation characteristics
Compared with amorphous silicon, Sunceram II operates
more stabile over longer periods of time when irradiated
by sunlight.
Wavelength (nm)
Relative sensitivity of light source
100
50
0
300 500 700 900 1100
Cool white
fluorescent light
Incandescent bulb
Sunlight
AMI.5)
Wavelength (nm)
Relative spectral sensitivity
100
50
0
300 500 700 900 1100
Amorphous
silicon
Sunceram II
Crystalline
silicon
N-type
semiconductor
P-type
semiconductor
Current
collector
( )
Electrode
(positive)
Electrodes (for series connection)
Electrode (negative)
( )
Glass
Electrode (positive)
( )
Current
collector
P-type
semiconductor
N-type
semiconductor
Glass
( )
Electrode (negative)
Electrodes (for series connection)
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.50 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240
Light source: Solar simulator
100mW
cm
2
Amorphous silicon
Sunceram II
(In-company comparison)
Time (hours)
Output variation rate

Panasonic Solar Cells Handbook, Page 4 August 1998
THIN-FILM SOLAR CELLS (SUNCERAM II) - CONTINUED
3. Easily accommodated by high-voltage equipment
A printing method is used for the entire film-forming
process of the Sunceram II, with the result that solar
cells with the desired high voltage can be formed very
densely and thinly on a single substrate. This, in turn,
fulfills the need for cells with various voltages.
4. Easy increase in surface area
The printing and sintering methods used enable a
uniform film to be produced, which means that it is
easier to increase the surface area of each cell than with
crystalline silicon. It also means that it is possible to
produce any shape of cell with relative ease.
1.5. Output characteristics of solar cells
The output characteristics of solar cells are expressed in
the form of an I - V curve. An I - V curve test circuit and
typical I - V curve produced by the circuit are shown
below.
•The I-V curve is produced by varying RL(load
resistance) from zero to infinity and measuring the
current and voltage along the way. The point at
which the I-V curve and resistance (RL) intersect is
the operating point of the solar cell. The current and
voltage at this point are Ip and Vp, respectively. The
largest operating point in the square area is the
maximum output of the solar cell.
1.6. Dependence of cells on series
connection
When single solar cells are connected in series, the
voltage increases in proportion to the number of solar
cells which have been connected, as with ordinary
batteries. (Single cell voltage x number of cells)
1.7. Light-sensing area and dependence
on light intensity
Increasing the light-sensing area or light intensity per
single solar cell produces a proportionate increase in the
short-circuit current. The open-circuit voltage remains
constant regardless of the light-sensing surface area, and
is hardly changed at all even by the intensity of light.
(However, it will drop drastically if the intensity of light
is reduced in the extreme.)
A
Test circuit
Light Ammeter
Solar cell
V
R
L
Voltmeter
I-V curve
Operating point
Isc
Ip
Ip
1
2
Current
RL
Pmax
RL
Vp Vp
2
2
1
1
Voc
Voltage
Isc
Voc
Ip
Vp
R
Pmax
: Short-circuit current
: Open-circuit voltage
: Operating current
: Operating voltage
: Load resistance
: Maximum output
L
0
0 Voc1 Voc2 Voc3
Voltage from
one cell
2 cells
connected
in series
3 cells
connected
in series
Current
Isc
Voltage
Voltage
Current
Light-sensing surface area
Intensity of light
Increase in light-sensing
surgace area
Increase in intensity of light
Decrease in light-sensing
surgace area
Decrease in intensity of light
Isc
Isc
Isc
1
2
3
Isc
4
0 Voc

Panasonic Solar Cells Handbook, Page 5 August 1998
THIN-FILM SOLAR CELLS (SUNCERAM II) – CONTINUED
1.8. Temperature characteristics
The performance of solar cells is such that the short-
circuit current increases and the open-circuit voltage
decreases as the temperature rises. Since the rate at
which the open-circuit voltage decreases is higher than
the rate at which the short-circuit current increases, the
maximum output is also reduced.
However, as far as the operating current is concerned,
since the operating voltage is generally set slightly
toward the short-circuit current side from the maximum
output operating point, the operating current peaks at
around room temperature and gently falls both below
and above the temperature.
For indoor applications
30
20
10
0
10
20
30
Rate of change (%)
10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Temperature (˚C)
Light source: 200 lux fluorescent light
Voc(-0.64%/˚C)
Isc(0.1%/˚C)
For outdoor applications
30
20
10
0
10
20
30
Rate of change (%)
10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Temperature (˚C)
Light source: solar simulator 100mW/cm
Voc(-0.15%/˚C)
Isc(0.1%/˚C)
2

Panasonic Solar Cells Handbook, Page 6 August 1998
2. SUNCERAM II CELLS FOR INDOOR USE
2.1. General Information
The Sunceram II cells for indoor use thin-film
compound semiconductors, and they are ideal for
powering loads such as calculators which use very low
levels of power and which are used under other types of
indoor lighting. In particular, they deliver a high power
output under long-wavelength light from incandescent
lamps, etc., and they can power calculators even under
low brightness levels of 10 lux and below. Their unique
and original pastel shades of color produced by the
fabrication methods involving printing and sintering
lend an added softness to the products in which they are
used.
2.2. Features
•These cells have a high spectral sensitivity to light
ranging over a broad wavelength spectrum. When
they are used in a product under an incandescent
light, they deliver 5 times more power than
amorphous silicon solar cells (in internal testing).
•It is possible to set an operating voltage that suits
the application at hand because the solar cells are
formed on the glass substrates and also because any
number of series connections can be made.
•Due to the printing type production method, it is
possible to produce solar cells with sizes that match
their applications.
•These cells are highly reliable as solar cells for
indoor consumer products.
2.3. Applications
•Calculators
•Indoor clocks
•Remote control units
•Indoor digital thermometers
•Other indoor consumer products which have a low
power consumption

Panasonic Solar Cells Handbook, Page 7 August 1998
SUNCERAM II CELLS FOR INDOOR USE
2.4. Specification Table for Indoor Use
Operating voltage *vp=1.3V
Model
No.
Dimens ions
(Min)
t=1.4Min
(Max)
Fluorescent lamp : 200 (lux) Incandesce nt lamp 40 (lux)
Operating
Current Ip
(
µ
A) *
Open-circuit
voltage
Voc(V)
Short-circuit
current Isc
(
µ
A) *
Operating
Current Ip
(
µ
A) *
Open-circuit
voltage
Voc(V)
Short-circuit
current Isc
(
µ
A) *
Min Typ Min Typ Min Typ Min Ty p Min Ty p Min Typ
BP-5917C40 58.7X16.6 20.0 24.0 1.70 1.80 20.0 27.5 20.0 28.0 1.70 1.80 20.0 32.0
EP-5513C4C 55.0X13.5 13.5 18.0 1.70 1.80 13.5 20.0 13.5 21.0 1.70 1.80 13.5 23.5
BP-5313C4C 53.0X13.8 13.5 18.0 1.70 1.80 13.5 20.0 13.5 21.0 1.70 1.80 13.5 23.5
BP-4114C4C 41.5X14.7 11.0 15.0 1.70 1.80 11.0 16.5 11.0 17.5 1.70 1.80 11.0 19.5
BP-5511C4C 55.0X11.0 11.0 14.5 1.70 1.80 11.0 16.0 11.0 17.0 1.70 1.80 11.0 19.0
BP-3513C4C 35.0X13.7 8.5 11.0 1.70 1.80 8.5 12.0 8.5 13.0 1.70 1.80 8.5 14.5
BP-3812C4C 38.0X12.5 8.0 11.0 1.70 1.80 8.0 12.0 8.0 13.0 1.70 1.80 8.0 14.5
BP-2911C4C 29.6X11.6 6.0 7.5 1.70 1.80 6.0 8.0 6.0 8.5 1.70 1.80 6.0 9.5
BP-2510C4C 25.0Xl0.0 4.0 5.4 1.70 1.80 5.2 5.8 4.0 5.8 1.70 1.80 5.2 6.5
Operating voltage *Vp=1.55V
BP-5513C5C 55.0X13.5 10.5 14.0 2.10 2.25 10.5 15.5 10.5 16.5 2.10 2.25 10.5 18.0
BP-551105C 55.0X11.0 8.5 11.5 2.10 2.25 8.5 12.5 8.5 13.5 2.10 2.25 8.5 15.0
Operating voltage *Vp=3.2V
BP-5323CAC 53.0X23.5 7.5 10.0 4.00 4.30 7.5 10.0 7.5 10.0 4.00 4.30 7.5 10.0
Note 1) Measurement temperature 20°C l68°F)
Note 2) Light source and intensity are specified by Panasonic's standard.
Note 3) Standard units come with copper electrodes.
2.5 Dimensions (Indoor use) thickness: 1.1(max1.4) ______________________ Unit : mm
(5.0) (5.0)
(1.7)
16.6 0.3
+
-
58.7 0.3
+
-
BP-5917C4C BP-5513C4/BP-5513C5C
(5.0) (5.0)
55.0 0.3
(1.3)
13.5 0.3
(3.7) 55 0.3 (3.7)
(1.3)
11.0 0.3
(3.0) (3.0)
25.0 0.3
(1.3)
10.0 0.3
(3.4) (3.4)
29.6 0.3
(3.7) (3.7)
35.0 0.3
(1.3)
13.7 0.3
(5.0) (5.0)
53.0 0.3
(1.3)
23.5 0.3
(1.3)
11.6 0.3
BP-5511C5C
BP-2510C4CBP-2911C4CBP-3513C4C
BP-53223CA
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-

Panasonic Solar Cells Handbook, Page 8 August 1998
SUNCERAM II CELLS FOR INDOOR USE - CONTINUED
2.6. Operating-Current vs. Operating-Voltage
BP-5917C4C
BP-2911C4C
BP-5511C5C
40
30
20
10
0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Voltage (V)
200
x
50
x
Flourescent lamp
Current (µA)
Current (µA)
40
30
20
10
0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
40
x
10
x
Incandescent lamp
Voltage (V)
10
7.5
5
2.5
0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Voltage (V)
200
x
50
x
Flourescent lamp
Current (µA)
Current (µA)
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
40
x
10
x
Incandescent lamp
Voltage (V)
10
7.5
5
2.5
0
20
16
12
8
0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Voltage (V)
200
x
50
x
Flourescent lamp
Current (µA)
Current (µA)
40
x
10
x
Incandescent lamp
Voltage (V)
4
20
16
12
8
0
4
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

Panasonic Solar Cells Handbook, Page 9 August 1998
SUNCERAM II CELLS FOR INDOOR USE - CONTINUED
2.7. Precautions for use
[Adhere strictly to the guidelines below since mishandling the cells may impair their performance.]
2.7.1. Handling precautions when installing cells in equipment
The method of installing the Sunceram II cells for
indoor use in a product is selected by the construction of
the output terminal areas as shown in the table below.
Standard models come with silver or copper electrodes.
When it comes to the actual method of installation in the
product, please contact Panasonic.
Construction of output terminals and precautions for installing cells in equipment
Electrodes Type of Cons truction Installation method Features and precautions
Silver
electrodes * Zebra connecting method
* Heat seal connecting method
* These have a low contact resistance and are thus
suited to the zebra or heat seal connecting method.
* Their contact resistance is not increased by
oxidation, etc. of the electrode surfaces.
Copper
electrodes
(C type)
* Zebra connecting method
* Heat seal connecting method
* Soldering method
* The zebra connecting method, heat seal
connecting.
* Soldering or other such method may be used,
making available a wide-ranging power output
supply method.
* Temperature of soldering Iron: 220 to 280°C;
when soldering time is within 3 seconds.
* Use a soldering flux which complies with JIS
class B or milder or with MIL class RA or milder.
* There is no need to provide reinforcement with
resin after the leads have been attached by
soldering.
* Copper electrode: type is designated by the suffix not added to the model number "C".
Standard units come with copper electrodes.
* When the output terminal areas are to be reinforced by resin, use a soft resin. Please contact Panasonic when selecting the resin.
2.7.2 General precautions
(1) The Sunceram II cells for indoor use employ glass
for the substrate and could result in injury. Licking
the cells or putting them in your mouth is dangerous
and should not be done.
(2) Do not drop Sunceram II cells for indoor use from
high places nor subject them to a strong impact.
They may suffer damage or their performance may
be impaired.
(3) Since the electricity is generated by the irradiation
of light from the light-sensing side (glass surface),
do not make this surface dirty with oil or other
substances. If this surface becomes dirty, wipe off
the dirt before use.
(4) The rear surface of the Sunceram II cells for indoor
use is coated with resin for protection. Bear in mind
that wiping this surface with a cloth moistened with
paint thinner or some similar substance will wear
away the resin and, in severe cases, this may result
in impaired performance.
(5) Do not make marks or scratches with a knife or
other pointed object since the rear side of the
Sunceram II cells for indoor use is soft and the cells
themselves are formed with a thin film several
dozen micrometers thick. Marks and scratches may
damage the exterior and impair the performance.
(6) Do not pull the leads with a force exceeding that
required. Damage may occur as a result.
(7) See Notice to Readers (on the back cover).
2.7.3 Storage Precautions
Normal storage does not entail any special requirements.
Avoid storage in extremely high (over 70°C) or
extremely low (under - 20°C) temperatures for long
term. Also avoid storage in places where both the
temperature and humidity are high (over 60°C and over
80% RH).
Silver electrode Silver electrode
Rear surface
Copper electrode Copper electrode
Rear surface

Panasonic Solar Cells Handbook, Page 10 August 1998
3. SUNCERAM II CELL FOR OUTDOOR USE
3.1. General Information
The Sunceram II cells for outdoor use thin-film
compound semiconductors, and they serve as an ideal
power supply for the kind of consumer products and
equipment which are used under sunlight. The use of a
production method involving printing makes it easy to
expand the surface area of the cells and also enables the
cells to be wired very densely for high-voltage loads.
The cells can be combined with different kinds of
storage batteries without the need for special charge
control circuitry.
3.2. Features
•The specifications of these cells which are capable
of utilizing sunlight irradiation make them ideal for
outdoor use.
•The cells have a special construction to enable
higher currents to be transferred to outside
applications than those generated by cells for indoor
applications.
•A variety of sizes and outputs can be supported by
the production method applying screen-printing.
•It is possible to set an output voltage to suit the
application at hand because the solar cells are
formed on the glass substrates and also because any
number of series connection can be made.
3.3. Applications
•Back-up power for automotive batteries
•Power supplies for radios and other consumer
products
•For teaching aids and toys
•For bicycle headlights
•Power supplies for products installed in vehicles,
etc.

Panasonic Solar Cells Handbook, Page 11 August 1998
SUNCERAM II CELL FOR OUTDOOR USE - CONTINUED
3.4. Specification Table for Outdoor Use
Model No. D ime ns ions (mm)
t =1.4mm (Max.)
light source AM=1.5 : 100mW/cm
Operating
voltage Vp
(V)
Operating current Ip
(mA)
Open-circuit voltage
Voc (V)
Short-circuit current
Isc (mA)
Ave rag e Ave rag e Ave rag e
BR-243318C 24.0X33.0 1.8 16.4 3.45 17.5
BR-246618C 24.0X66.0 35.0 2.80 39.0
BR-242221C 24.0X22.0 2.1 6.6 4.15 7.0
BP-372234C 37.0X22.0
3.4
8.5 5.50 9.0
BP-373334C 37.0X33.0 14.5 5.50 15.5
BP-376634C 37.0X66.0 31.5 5.50 33.0
BR-378234C 37.0X82.0 40.0 5.50 43.0
BR-160334C 165.0X27.0 650 5.50 71.5
BR-748264C 74.0X82.0 6.4 40.0 11.0 43.0
BR-111108C 110.0X110.0 8.0 76.0 12.0 84.0
BR-160416C 162.5X41.0
16.0
19.1 24.0 20.5
BP-160516C 162.5X48.0 22.1 24.0 23.5
BR-160716C 162.5X73.0 34.0 24.0 36.0
Note 1) Measurement temperature 25°C (77°F)
Note 2) Light source and intensity are specified by Panasonic’s standard.
Note 3) Standard units come with copper electrodes.
3.5. Dimensions (Outdoor use) thickness: 1.1(maxl.4) ___________________________________ Unit: mm
(1.4)
(6.0)
16.6 0.3
+
-
162.5 0.3
+
-
BP-160716C
(1.4)
(6.0)
37.0 0.3
(1.6)
66.0 0.3
(6.0)
+
-
+
-
BP-376634C

Panasonic Solar Cells Handbook, Page 12 August 1998
SUNCERAM II CELL FOR OUTDOOR USE - CONTINUED
3.6. Operating-Current vs. Operating-Voltage
100mW/cm²
75mW/cm²
50mW/cm²
25mW/cm²
100mW/cm²
75mW/cm²
50mW/cm²
25mW/cm²
50
40
30
20
10
0
50
40
30
20
10
0
Current (mA)
50
40
30
20
10
0
Current (mA)
50
40
30
20
10
0
100mW/cm²
75mW/cm²
50mW/cm²
25mW/cm²
Current (mA)
Voltage (V)
0 1 2 3 4 5
AM1.5
BP-246618C BP-242221C AM1.5
Voltage (V)
0 1 2 3 4 5
100mW/cm²
75mW/cm²
50mW/cm²
25mW/cm²
100mW/cm²
75mW/cm²
50mW/cm²
25mW/cm²
Current (mA)
Voltage (V)
0 2 4 6 8 10
AM1.5
BP-373334C BP-376634C AM1.5
Voltage (V)
100mW/cm²
75mW/cm²
50mW/cm²
25mW/cm²
0 2 4 6 8 10
50
40
30
20
10
0
Current (mA)
50
40
30
20
10
0
Current (mA)
Voltage (V)
0 3 6 9 12 15
AM1.5
BP-748264C BP-160716C AM1.5
Voltage (V)
0 6 12 18 24 30

Panasonic Solar Cells Handbook, Page 13 August 1998
SUNCERAM II CELL FOR OUTDOOR USE - CONTINUED
3.7. Precautions for use
[Adhere strictly to the guidelines below since
mishandling the cells may impair their performance.]
3.7.1. Handling precautions for installation
It should be borne in mind that the Sunceram II cells for
outdoor use applications are energized by sunlight and
not by fluorescent or incandescent lights. For
applications such as back-up power for car batteries, in
vehicle-mounted products such as ventilator fans, radar
detectors and deodorizers, and in teaching aids and toys,
these cells are designed to be suitable for uses which do
not involve direct and/or continuous exposure to rain
and wind. This not withstanding, they are used in all-
outdoor environments, (eg: garden lights, bicycle
headlights, outdoor clocks powered by solar cells, and
work indicator lights). If the cells are to be employed in
such ways, the following handling precautions must be
strictly adhered to.
See Notice to Readers (on the back cover).
3.7.2. Handling precautions when installing cells in appliances
1. Connecting the leads
The table below shows the output terminal choices
available for the electrodes of the Sunceram II cells for
outdoor applications. (The standard units have copper
electrodes.)
Construction of output terminals and precautions for installing cells in equipment
Electrodes Type of Cons truction Features and precautions
Copper electrodes
(C type)
* Temperature of the soldering iron tip 220 to 280°C
* Completion of soldering within 3 seconds.
* Soldering flux: Must comply with JIS class B or milder or with
MIL class RA or milder.
Pre-Soldered electrodes
(S type)
* Temperature of the soldering iron tip 220 to 260°C
* Completion of soldering within 3 seconds.
* Soldering flux Must comply with JIS class B or milder or with
MIL class RA or milder.
With lead wire
(L type) * Do not pull the leads beyond what is required.
* Copper electrodes type is designated by the suffix not added to the model number “C". Standard units come with copper electrodes.
* When the output terminal areas are to be reinforced by resin use a soft resin. Please contact Panasonic when selecting the resin.
2. Installing Sunceram II cells for outdoor use in
appliances
Improper installation of Sunceram II cells for outdoor
use in appliance may impair proper functioning of the
units.
•Protecting Sunceram II cells for outdoor use with a
transparent cover
Protect Sunceram II cells for outdoor use from the
element with a transparent cover. Weatherproof
materials such as acrylic resin and polycarbonate are
recommended for this purpose. As shown in the
figure below, ideally, the shield should completely
cover Sunceram II cells for outdoor use.
Mounting Sunceram II
(1) To mount Sunceram II cells for outdoor use to
appliances, use a flexible means of a attachment
which will not accumulate heat, such as double-
sided adhesive tape.
(2) In mounting Sunceram II cells for outdoor use, do
not press down on the unit from above. If pressure is
absolutely necessary, press on the edge of Sunceram
II cells for outdoor use without compressing the
entire unit and use a soft material to grasp it.
(3) In mounting Sunceram II cells for outdoor use onto
appliances, allow some space between the
appliances and Sunceram II cells as shown in the
picture below. If no space is left, Sunceram II cells
for outdoor use may break through expansion and
contraction caused by heat. Use heat and weather-
proof materials for installation.
Cross--sectional
view
transparent cover
Fastening parts
Sunceram II cells
for outdoor use
Copper electrode Copper electrode
Rear surface
solder electrode solder electrode
Rear surface
Rear surface
Solder
electrode
Lead wire

Panasonic Solar Cells Handbook, Page 14 August 1998
SUNCERAM II CELL FOR OUTDOOR USE - CONTINUED
(4) The Sunceram II cells for outdoor use are provided
with leads or solder electrodes on the rear, and these
protrude. Grooves or holes should be provided in the
area of the product where the cells are to be secured.
The cells should be fastened in such a way that the
leads or solder electrodes will not be brought into
close contact with the fastening parts, thereby
preventing distortion or deformation.
3 Condensation
Condensation may form when the Sunceram II cells for
outdoor use are encased and assembled into a product.
Droplets of water from condensation on the cover may
corrode the Sunceram II cell electrodes and other parts.
These droplets can be eliminated for the most part by
making an small hole in the circumference of the cells'
fastening parts as shown in the figure below.
4 Covering the cell surfaces
Directly covering the top and/or bottom surfaces of the
Sunceram II cells for outdoor use with PVC or some
other transparent film will impair the performance of the
cells.
3.7.3. General precautions
(1) The Sunceram II cells for indoor use employ glass
for the substrate and could result in injury. Licking
the cells or putting them in your mouth is dangerous
and should not be done.
(2) Do not drop Sunceram II cells for outdoor use from
high places or subject them to a strong impact. They
may suffer damage or their performance may be
impaired.
(3) Since the electricity is generated by the irradiation
of light from the light-sensing side (glass surface),
do not make this surface dirty with oil or other
substances. If this surface becomes dirty, wipe off
the dirt before use.
(4) The rear surface of the Sunceram II cells for outdoor
use is coated with resin for protection. Bear in mind
that wiping this surface with a cloth moistened with
paint thinner or some similar substance will wear
away the resin and, in severe cases, this may result
in impaired performance.
(5) Do not make marks or scratches with a knife or
other pointed object since the rear side of the
Sunceram II cells for outdoor use is soft and the
cells themselves are formed with a thin film several
dozen micrometers thick. Marks and scratches may
damage the exterior and impair the performance.
(6) Do not pull the leads with a force exceeding that
required. Damage may occur as a result.
(7) See Notice to Readers (on the back cover).
3.7.4. Storage precautions
Normal storage does not entail any special requirements.
Avoid storage in extremely high (over 70°C) or
extremely low (under -20°C) temperatures for long term.
Also avoid storage in places where both the temperature
and humidity are high (over 60°C and over 80% RH).
Sunceram II cells
for outdoor use
Top view
Cross-sectional view
Fastening parts
Clearance
Clearance
Clearance
Clearance
Fastening parts
Sunceram II cells
for outdoor use
Solder electrode
Lead wire
Transparent cover
Fastening parts
Air hole
Sunceram II cells
for outdoor use

Panasonic Solar Cells Handbook, Page 15 August 1998
4. SUNCERAM II MODULES FOR OUTDOOR USE
4.1. General Information
The Sunceram II modules for outdoor use are the first
highly dependable solar cell modules to be developed
anywhere in the world, and they are ideal for
applications in independent power supply Systems
which are used in severe outdoor environments.
Featuring weatherproof resin frames, these modules can
be used as compact and lightweight power supplies for
battery back up and outdoor applications.
4.2. Features
•Long life even under extreme environmental
conditions.
•Highly resistant to intense sunlight.
•The resin frame is well suited to the environment.
•The shape of the frame enables easy installation
4.3. Applications
•Roadway markation lights.
•Outdoor clocks.
•Garage and storeroom ventilation and lighting
systems.
•Battery Chargers
•Other outside power applications.
4.4. Specifications Light source: AM=1.5, 100mW/cm2
Model No. Dimensions (mm) Vp (V) 1p (mA) Voc (V) 1sc (mA) We ig ht ( g )
Ave rag e Ave rag e Ave rage
BP-181234M
142X200
3.4 230 5.5 255
350
BP-181248M 4.8 165 7.5 185
BP-181208M 8.0 100 13.0 110
BP-181216M 16.0 50 26.0 55
BP-181834M
200X200
3.4 345 5.5 383
500BP-181808M 8.0 150 13.0 165
BP-181816M 16.0 75 26.0 83
Note 1) Measurement temperature 25°C (77°F)
Note 2) Light source and intensity are specified by Panasonic’s standard.

Panasonic Solar Cells Handbook, Page 16 August 1998
SUNCERAM II MODULES FOR OUTDOOR USE - CONTINUED
4.5. Dimensions (mm)
4.6. Voltage-Current Characteristics (25°C)
BP-1818M Series
BP-1812M Series
4
132 142
80
200
80
200
190 200
4
5 20
5 20
100mW/cm²
75mW/cm²
50mW/cm²
25mW/cm²
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28
Voltage (V)
100
80
60
40
20
0
Current (mA)
BP-181816M
AM1.5
100mW/cm²
75mW/cm²
50mW/cm²
25mW/cm²
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28
Voltage (V)
100
80
60
40
20
0
Current (mA)
BP-181216M
AM1.5
100mW/cm²
75mW/cm²
50mW/cm²
25mW/cm²
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Voltage (V)
200
160
120
80
40
0
Current (mA)
100mW/cm²
75mW/cm²
50mW/cm²
25mW/cm²
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Voltage (V)
200
160
120
80
40
0
Current (mA)
BP-181808MBP-181208M
AM1.5 AM1.5

Panasonic Solar Cells Handbook, Page 17 August 1998
SUNCERAM II MODULES FOR OUTDOOR USE - CONTINUED
4.7. Precautions for Use
(Damage caused during handling may compromise the module's efficiency. Please be sure to follow the guidelines given
below.)
4.7.1. Installation Precautions
Install the solar cell module and output cable as shown below. Contact us for specific installation methods.
Good Example Bad Example Comments
Module
Installation
* When directly installing a module in its installation
location, ensure that it is not subjected to stress.
Use spacers made of a hard material with a height
of at least 5 mm or make the center part of the
supporting stand where the module is to be installed
indented so as to prevent the supporting stand from
making contact with the bulge on the module's back
surface.
Output Cable
Installation
* Apply solder to the terminal.
* Do not use a crimping tool.
* Seal the soldered parts with silicone
4.7.2. General Precautions
(1) Avoid using paint thinner or other organic solvents
to clean the Sunceram II modules for outdoor use.
Under normal operating conditions, grainy debris
(i.e. dirt dust) will not significantly degrade
performance. However, efficiency could be reduced
if the module surface becomes extremely dirty. If
module becomes soiled, wipe it using a cloth
moistened with water.
(2) For safety, the glass covering the module's
collecting panel has a glass shattering prevention
sheet attached. Do not cut or scratch the module
face with sharp objects.
(3) Be careful not to drop the Sunceram II modules for
outdoor use or subject them to hard shock. The
modules may break if struck by stones or other hard
objects.
(4) Contact Panasonic if the module is to be used near
the ocean or for marine applications, as special
precautions may be required.
4.7.3. Storage Precautions
Under normal storage conditions there are no particular
problems.
Avoid storage in extremely high (over 80°C) or
extremely low (under -40°C) temperatures for long term.
Module
Metal Spacer
Pedestal
The rear cover does not
make contact with the
supporting stand.
Solder
Sealant
Terminal Plate
Solder
Sealant
Output Cable
Sealant
Output Cable

Panasonic Solar Cells Handbook, Page 18 August 1998
5. THIN FILM SOLAR CELL SUNCERAM II OUTDOOR SOLAR POWER SUPPLY
New! Solar Cell Power Supply Unit With Microcontroller
5.1 General Information
The Sunceram II Solar Power Supply Unit is a solar cell
power supply unit for LED nighttime lighting,
integrating the Sunceram II Solar Cell Module, a
microcontroller circuit, and a miniature Ni-Cd battery in
its sturdy aluminum die-cast frame.
Its step-up voltage function makes it compatible with
LEDs of all colors, and when connected with full-color
LEDs, it can control the illumination of up to nine
different colors. The unit can be installed in
combinations to provide a broad variety of lighting
methods and flash intervals such as simple flashing,
chasing, etc. These can be set using external switches.
The control circuitry and the Ni-Cd batteries are water
resistant, and the external terminal parts can also be
treated to make them resistant to water, producing a
high-reliability power supply unit.
5.2 Features
•The aluminum die-cast frame provides long-term
reliability for the solar cell module.
•The power supply unit, which is sealed in resin, can
provide high levels of reliability in outdoor use
environments.
•The step-up voltage circuit enables illumination
control of LEDs of all colors.
•The illumination methods and the flash frequency
can be combined at will.
•The sunlight identification function enables the unit
to turn on automatically at night.
5.3 Applications
Landscape ornamentation, outdoor signs, traffic signs, outdoor displays, etc.

Panasonic Solar Cells Handbook, Page 19 August 1998
THIN FILM SOLAR CELL SUNCERAM II OUTDOOR SOLAR POWER SUPPLY UNIT
•Standard Specifications
Solar cell output: 3.4 V 80 mA (AM 1.5, 100 mW/cm2)
Ni-Cd battery rating: 2.4 V 500 mAh (5 hour ratio)
No. of outputs (maximum number of LED line connectors)
For monochrome LED use: 6 lines (2 lines per terminal)
For full-color LED use: 3 lines (2 lines per terminal)
Illumination Method:
For monochrome LED use: Continuous illumination, flashing, chasing, alternating, fluorescent flashing
For full-color LED use: Continuous, flashing, multi-color chasing
Flash Interval: 0.1 sec., 0.5 sec., 1.0 sec., 2.0 sec. (the fluorescent light flash interval is fixed at
3.0 sec.)
Duty cycle:
Flashing, chasing, alternating,
and multi-color chasing: Approx. 5%
Fluorescent flashing: Approx. 15%
LED Operating Current:
Flashing, chasing, alternating: max 40 mA/ch
Multicolor chasing: max 40 mA/ch
Fluorescent flashing: max 20 mA/ch
Continuous illumination: max 3 mA/ch
Control Method: External switch
Sunlight Identification Level: 20 to 200 Lx
•Guidelines for the Useable Consumption Current
Region and Time of Use Daily Sunlight (average installation) Useable Consumption Current
Winter in the cold regions of Japan 1.2 kWh/m280 mAh/day
Winter in the Pacific Ocean side of Japan 2.0 kWh/m2130 mAh/day
Japanese average throughout the year 3.5 kWh/m2240 mAh/day
Japan in the summer. 4.5 kWh/m2310 mAh/day
* This assumes 85% charge and discharge efficiency.
(Notes and Cautions Regarding Use)
(1) When the photoreceptor side of the solar cell is
installed at an angle of 45°facing south, the useable
electricity in the average installation in the winter time
will increase by a factor of approximately 1.5 relative to
a horizontal installation; however, the power in the
summer time will fall approximately 15%.
(2) Be aware that the amount of electricity produced
may suffer due to the proximity of trees and buildings.
(3) Be aware that the night light may not turn on if the
unit is exposed to strong external lights such as street
lights.
(4) If the units are stored for an extended period of time,
use the unit only after fully charging in direct sunlight.
(5) See the user specifications for other details and
cautions.
•External Dimensions
cc
SOLAR CELL
PHOTORECEPTOR
SURFACE
dAluminum die-cast frame
e7-pin terminal block (M3)
fName plate
gBox with Ni-cd and circuit
2
1
5
12 34
46
3
4
5
90
6
(Side View)(Back View)