Panlab LE 5002 NON User manual

LE 5002 NON
INVASIVE BLOOD
PRESSURE METER
V25/05/12
USER MANUAL

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1. EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION
WARNING: Failure to follow the instructions in this section may
cause equipment faults or injury to the user.
A. Place the equipment on a flat surface and leave at least 10 cm of free space
between the rear panel of the device and the wall. Never place the equipment in
zones with vibration or direct sunlight.
B. Make sure that the AC voltage in the electrical network is the same as
the voltage selected in the equipment. Never connect the equipment to a
power outlet with voltage outside these limits.
The manufacturer accepts no responsibility for improper use of the equipment or the
consequences of use other than that for which it has been designed.
WARNING
For electrical safety reasons you only can connect equipment to
power outlets provided with earth connections .
This equipment can be used in installations with category II over-voltage
according to the General Safety Rules.

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2. MAINTENANCE
WARNING: Failure to follow the instructions in this section may
cause equipment fault.
•PRESS KEYS SOFTLY – Lightly pressing the keys is sufficient to activate them.
•Equipments do not require being disinfected, but cleaned for removing urine, faeces
and odour. To do so, we recommend using a wet cloth or paper with soap (which has
no strong odour). NEVER USE ABRASIVE PRODUCTS OR DISSOLVENTS.
•NEVER pour water or liquids on the equipment.
•Once you have finished using the equipment turn it off with the main switch. Clean
and check the equipment so that it is in optimal condition for its next use.
•The user is only authorised to replace fuses with the specified type when necessary.
Figure 1. Power inlet, main switch and fuse holder.
FUSE REPLACEMENT OR VOLTAGE SETTING CHANGE
In case of an over-voltage or other incident in the AC net making it impossible to turn
on the equipment, or if the equipment voltage setting is incorrect, check fuses according
to the following procedure.
1 Remove power cord from the power inlet.
SWITCH FUSE-HOLDER
OPENING FLANGE

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2 Open fuse-holder by pulling the
flange with a regular
screwdriver.
Figure 2. Open fuse-holder door.
3 Extract fuse holder using the
screwdriver.
Figure 3. Extract fuse-holder.
4 Replace fuses if necessary. Insert fuses in the fuse-holder in the correct position.
CORRECT INCORRECT
Figure 4. Fuses position.
5 Insert the fuse-holder again, positioning it according to the voltage in the AC net.
115V POSITON 230V POSITION
Figure 5 Fuse holder position.
6 If the fuses blow again, unplug the equipment and contact technical service.
WARNING
For electrical safety reasons, never open the equipment. The power
supply has dangerous voltage levels.

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3. TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION 2
2. MAINTENANCE 3
3. TABLE OF CONTENTS 5
4. INTRODUCTION 7
5. EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION 8
5.1. CONTROL UNIT FRONT PANEL 8
5.2. CONTROL UNIT REAR PANEL 10
5.3. DISPLAY 11
5.3.1. DATA ROW 11
5.3.2. MESSAGE ROW 11
5.3.3. LEVEL ROW 12
6. EQUIPMENT CONNECTION 13
6.1. LE 5002 13
6.2. WORKING WITH HEATER AND SCANNER 14
6.3. WORKING WITH NIBP CHART USB 16
7. FACTORS TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT 17
7.1. ON THE PLACEMENT OF THE PRESSURE CUFF AND PULSE TRANSDUCER 17
7.2. ON THE PROPER TREATMENT OF THE ANIMALS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT.
18
7.3. WHY MUST THE ANIMAL BE VASODILATED? 18
7.4. RECOMMENDED METHODOLOGY 19
7.5. ANAESTHETISING THE ANIMALS 20
8. OPERATING PRINCIPLE 21
9. STARTING UP THE UNIT 23
10. SENDING DATA TO A COMPUTER (SEDACOM) 26
11. DELETE MEMORY 27

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12. CHECKING OPERATION 28
12.1. PUMP CALIBRATION 28
12.2. SIMULATING SYSTOLIC PRESSURE 29
12.3. TROUBLESHOOTING 29
12.4. TRANSDUCER 30
12.5. PROCEDURE TO CLEAN PULSE TRANSDUCERS 30
12.6. REPLACING THE CUFF MEMBRANE. 31
12.7. CUFF AND TRANSDUCER MAINTENANCE 32
13. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 33

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4. INTRODUCTION
The LE 5002 is a microprocessor-based instrument with memory, specifically designed
to take non-invasive blood pressure readings on experimental animals (mice, rats or
dogs).
Figure 6. LE 5002 Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Meter.
The system used for taking measurements is based on the sphygmomanometric
technique (used to take pressure in human beings). Thus, the unit features a pressure
cuff, whose function is to occlude the passage of blood in the animal’s tail, and a
transducer, which captures blood pulses. Generally, both are placed on the animal’s tail
to operate over the caudal artery.
The LE 5002 detects the systolic or maximum pressure (SP) values, diastolic or
minimum pressure (DP) values and the mean value calculated as:
)·(33.0 DPSPDPMP
+
+
=
1
Moreover, heart rate (HR) is also picked up by the transducer. Its value is displayed
continuously, and then stored along with the corresponding systolic, diastolic and mean
pressure values. A measurement is comprised of the blood pulse (heart rate) and systolic
and diastolic pressure values.
All measurements (up to 6000 data) are memorised internally (they are not deleted
when the unit is switched off) so they can be retrieved and displayed in the LE 5002 or
sent to a PC using the RS 232 communication protocol and the SEDACOM program
(option to be purchased separately).
Note: the RS232 communication cable provided with the device is used for any
connection of the device with associated software (SEDACOM, etc.). When the device
is used without software in first instance, this cable need to be preserved and kept in
secure place in case the need of using the system with a software is required in the
future. In this last case, if the user lost the cable, a new one should be purchased to his
local sales delegate, ref. CONRS232). The warranty time of this cable is the same than
the warranty time of the device.
1
From Ciba Geidy Scientific tables , Ed. C Lenther, 1990

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5. EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION
5.1. CONTROL UNIT FRONT PANEL
Figure 7. Control Unit Front Panel.
•CUFF: Pneumatic connection for the tail cuff. It sends air from the internal
pump to the cuff in order to occlude the caudal artery when taking
measurements.
•TRANSDUCER: DIN 6 connector used to connect pulse transducer.
•BEATS: Red coloured led that flashes at same frequency that heart beats when
transducer is placed on animal tail.
•GAIN: Potentiometer used to adjust signal from the transducer.
•DISPLAY: 4 row, 20 column display. It is used to display the result of
measurements, and several messages depending on the mode the instrument is
in.
•SEND: Button used to send data to the computer using RS-232 cable and
SEDACOM software. It activates one of 2 options:
oSEND ACTIVE TRIAL: Sends only the trial shown in the display.
oSEND ALL MEMORY: Sends all data stored in memory.
•CLEAR: Button used to erase data stored in the internal memory. It activates
one of 2 options:
oCLEAR ACTIVE TRIAL: Clears only the trial shown on the display.
oCLEAR ALL MEMORY: Clears all data stored in memory.
CUFF TRANSDUCER BEATS DISPLAY
GAIN SEND CLEAR ARROWS
START
STOP

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•ARROWS: there are 2 buttons with UP and DOWN arrows to navigate through
the menus and the stored data.
•START: Button used to start measurement when the signal is appropriate. This
button is also used to test the pump in technical service mode. If there is no
signal or the signal level is lower than the necessary level (INSUFICIENT
LEVEL), or if there is too much signal (PULSE LEVEL HIGH) the start button
will not act. If the pulse level is correct (PULSE LEVEL READY) the start
button will begin taking measurements.
•STOP: Button used to cancel a currently-running measurement. It is also used to
test the pump in technical service mode and as a cancellation button when
entering CLEAR and SEND menus.

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5.2. CONTROL UNIT REAR PANEL
Figure 8. Control unit rear panel.
•REMOTE: 6,35mm mono jack plug for foot switch. It has the same function as
the START button on the front panel.
•CUFF PRESSURE: BNC connector, it is an analog output of pressure
waveform. The physical-electrical conversion is (0V = 0mm Hg, 500mV =
350mm Hg). It can be connected to a data recording system.
•PULSE WAVE: BNC connector, it is an analog output of heart pulses. It goes
from ±500mV. There is not a physical-electrical relationship because GAIN
control in front panel changes level of signal. It can be connected to a data
recorder system.
•UP/DOWN: Selector of mode of systolic pressure detection. Results obtained in
both modes are different.
oUP: Systolic pressure is detected when pump inflates. This mode is for
DOG.
oDOWN: Systolic pressure is detected when pump deflates through the
exhaust valve. This mode is for RAT and MOUSE.
•DOG/RAT/MOUSE: 3-position filter. It selects the window of frequencies that
the instrument will detect for different animals.
oDOG: From 48 BPM to 840 BPM.
oRAT: From 270 BPM to 960 BPM.
oMOUSE: From 360 BPM to 1020 BPM.
•RS-232: DB9 female connector used to connect LE 5002 to computer serial
port. It is used to send data to the SEDACOM software.
•POWER: Power switch and fuse holder.
REMOTE CUFF PULSE UP/DOWN DOG/RAT/MOUSE
PRESSURE WAVE
RS
-
232 POWER

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5.3. DISPLAY
Figure 9. Display.
5.3.1. DATA ROW
The first two rows on the display show experiment data. The upper row contains the
labels and the lower one features the numerical values. When an experiment has not
been completed and there are no numerical values the display will show ---.
•TRI: Is the number of trial. The system automatically increases it after every
experiment. When clearing all the memory it is reset to 1.
•BPM: Animal’s heart beat frequency in pulses per minute.
•SYS: Systolic pressure.
•DIA: Diastolic pressure.
•MED: Mean pressure calculated with the formula )·(33.0 DPSPDPMP
+
+
=
5.3.2. MESSAGE ROW
This line shows several messages depending on the instrument’s current status. They are
listed below:
5.3.2.1. Auto Calibration
The system takes a few seconds to auto calibrate after the instrument is turned on.
5.3.2.2. Pulse level Ready
This message is displayed when the pulse level received by the instrument is suitable
for carrying out a measurement. If this message is shown, press START to initiate the
measurement process. Otherwise, if you press the aforementioned button the unit will
do nothing and the GAIN potentiometer should increase.
TRI BPM SYS DIA MED
123 305 167 145 152
<Insufficient level>
□□□□
DATA ROW
MESSAGE ROW
LEVEL ROW

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5.3.2.3. Insufficient Level
The pulse intensity reaching the instrument is insufficient to take a measurement. The
bar row indicating the level will not reach the area marked READY on the front panel.
GAIN should be increased by turning the potentiometer clockwise to increase the signal
level reaching the instrument until the Pulse level ready message appears on the
display.
5.3.2.4. Pulse level high
The signal level is too high and the instrument cannot measure (pressing the START
button has no result). The GAIN must be reduced by turning the potentiometer counter
clockwise until Pulse level ready appears on the display.
5.3.2.5. Measuring
This message will be displayed after pressing START and while the measurement is
being carried out (the pump is working and pressure increases, once the pulses have
disappeared, pressure is slowly released through an exhaust valve until the signal
recovers its original level).
5.3.2.6. Deflating
Once measurement has been completed, the air in the pump must be emptied to prepare
the instrument for a new measurement. This is done with an electro-valve. This message
will be displayed while it remains open.
5.3.2.7. Pressure > 300 mmHg
The pressure has reached 300 mm Hg, but for some reason systolic pressure has not
been found. The system will stop the pump and go into a deflation.
5.3.2.8. Diastolic not found
Once a correct measurement of systolic pressure has been taken, the diastolic pressure
cannot be taken properly. “---” will appear as the numeric value.
5.3.3. LEVEL ROW
This is a graphic representation of signal level. If the bar does not reach the READY
area, the message Insufficient Level will be displayed.

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6. EQUIPMENT CONNECTION
6.1. LE 5002
Figure 10. Equipment connections.
The necessary connections are detailed in the next table.
FROM TO CABLE
1 LE 5002 Transducer Transducer DIN 6 cable
2 LE 5002 Cuff
2
Cuff Silicone pipe
3 LE 5002 RS-232 Computer serial port RS-232 cable
4 LE 5002 Remote Foot switch 6.35mm mono Jack
2
Pneumatic connection.

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6.2. WORKING WITH HEATER AND SCANNER
Figure 11. Connection between LE 5002 and LE 5650.

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The LE 5002 can be connected to an LE 5650 Heater and Scanner to take manual
readings from 6 animals, measuring one after another. The necessary connections are as
follows.
FROM TO CABLE
1 LE 5002 Transducer LE 5650 Pulse Output DIN 6 to DIN 6 cable
2 LE 5002 Cuff
3
LE 5650 Cuff Silicone pipe
3 LE 5002 Remote Foot switch 6.35mm mono Jack
4 LE 5002 RS-232 Computer serial port RS-232 cable
5 LE 5650 Transducer 1 Transducer 1 DIN 6 cable
6 LE 5650 Transducer 2 Transducer 2 DIN 6 cable
7 LE 5650 Transducer 3 Transducer 3 DIN 6 cable
8 LE 5650 Transducer 4 Transducer 4 DIN 6 cable
9 LE 5650 Transducer 5 Transducer 5 DIN 6 cable
10 LE 5650 Transducer 6 Transducer 6 DIN 6 cable
11 LE 5650 Cuff 1
3
Cuff 1 Silicone pipe
12 LE 5650 Cuff 2
3
Cuff 2 Silicone pipe
13 LE 5650 Cuff 3
3
Cuff 3 Silicone pipe
14 LE 5650 Cuff 4
3
Cuff 4 Silicone pipe
15 LE 5650 Cuff 5
3
Cuff 5 Silicone pipe
16 LE 5650 Cuff 6
3
Cuff 6 Silicone pipe
3
Pneumatic connection.

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6.3. WORKING WITH NIBP CHART USB
Figure 12. Connection with NIBP Chart.
The necessary connections are detailed in the next table.
FROM TO CABLE
1 LE 5002 Transducer Transducer DIN 6 cable
2 LE 5002 Cuff
4
Cuff Silicone pipe
3 LE 5002 Remote Foot switch 6.35mm mono Jack
4 NIBP Chart Pressure LE 5002 Cuff Pressure BNC cable
5 NIBP Chart Pulses LE 5002 Pulses BNC cable
6 NIBP Chart USB Computer USB port USB cable
In order to work with the NIBP Chart USB the NIBP Chart software must be installed
on the computer. Read the user manual for further information on this software.
4
Pneumatic connection.

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7. FACTORS TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT
The technique for carrying out indirect (non invasive) blood pressure measurements
does not offer immediate results. It requires a process of adaptation by the animals,
proper placement of transducer and cuff and suitable environmental conditions.
Generally, simply placing the transducer and cuff on the animal, making the necessary
connections, switching on the instrument and starting to take measurements without any
further ado will not offer satisfactory results.
This section proposes a number of recommendations that should be followed by the
experimenter.
7.1. ON THE PLACEMENT OF THE PRESSURE CUFF
AND PULSE TRANSDUCER
Generally, the position of pressure cuff and pulse transducer on the animal tail is not
critical.
Normally, the user decides on the most suitable placement in the initial measurement,
naturally taking into account the fact that the decision will be guided by a transducer
position that makes it possible to obtain the highest pulse signal, and where occlusion is
easiest. This should always be done with the animal properly prepared (See
Vasodilatation).
This manual describes some tips that are for guidance only:
•The animal’s tail should be kept clean. This will improve contact between skin,
cuff and pulse transducer.
•The cuff-pulse transducer unit can be used either together or separately. There is
no need to press the tail excessively with the transducer. The pressure applied by
the spring is sufficient to keep it attached to the tail, and also increases its
sensitivity.
•To avoid minor tail movements that may cause artefacts, and improve transducer
contact at the same time, it should be held using the guide on the accessory plate
of the PANLAB traps (ref. LE 5095, in which case it is a good idea to work with
the cuff/transducer jointly).
•Place the transducer over the end of the tail, normally 2 or 3 cm from the end,
where the tissue has less muscular mass and pulse sensitivity is greater. Place
the cuff, before the transducer, about 2 or 4 cm from the former. Greater
distances between both devices may give rise to parasitic movements.
Obviously, the above measurements are valid for rats and not for mice.
•Due to the characteristic vascular system of the mouse’s tail, the diametric
position of the transducer may be fundamental to facilitate detection of a pulse.

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7.2. ON THE PROPER TREATMENT OF THE ANIMALS
AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT.
•The room or laboratory where the measurements are to be taken should be free
from environmental noises that may affect the animal’s tranquillity.
•The animal should be treated and placed in the trap as unaggressively as
possible.
•It is advisable to always take measurements at the same time, making sure that
the animal has fasted for at least three hours prior to beginning the experiment.
This will minimise the effects of faeces.
•It may even be useful to cover the animal’s eyes for it to relax more.
•In female animals the menstrual cycle should be taken into account. For males,
the increased testicle size due to heat in the enclosed space of the trap should be
considered.
•Rodents must undergo a vasodilatation process.
7.3. WHY MUST THE ANIMAL BE VASODILATED?
One basic and IMPORTANT premise must be realised: animals’ (particularly rats and
mice) blood pressure is a physiological variable that can change very quickly,
presenting disparate values that are greatly affected by external stimuli and the animal’s
state of mind.
If the animal is not in a “normal” (i.e. unstressed) condition when its pressure is taken,
the pressure values obtained will not be those expected. It is not like taking blood
pressure in human beings. The precautions to be taken to diagnose abnormal stress
should be obvious.
A stressed rodent may transmit the muscular tremors produced by anxious breathing to
its tail. These tremors will mask the signal of the heart beat to be captured by the
transducer, which will probably not pick up the pulsation of the blood due to the
occlusion of the cuff. Rather, it will continue to transmit the muscular tremors to the
pressure meter, which will lead to an erroneous interpretation by the equipment, since it
will behave as if collapse, needed to determine the value of systolic pressure, had not
taken place.
Another reason that it is necessary to have a relaxed animal is because the aim is to
measure the “baseline” values of its pressure and not stress-induced values, which are
always sporadic and much higher.
The fastest and most comfortable way of eliminating animal stress is to vasodilate them
by increasing body temperature. Heat in rats/mice produces exactly the same effect as in
human beings.
Obviously, relaxation can be achieved with other methods, although they involve great
precaution in the handling of the animals which generally render systematic
measurements of indirect pressure either impossible or very impractical.

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7.4. RECOMMENDED METHODOLOGY
•Heat sources such as infrared lamps, hot plates, etc. may be used for
vasodilatation. Nevertheless, with these sources it is sometimes difficult to
control the temperature the animal is submitted to; whereas ventilated heaters
with thermostats offer greater possibilities (PANLAB offers various such
devices in its catalogue).
•IT IS VERY IMPORTANT to bear in mind that if the animal is overheated, as
shown by sweating, it will be necessary to wait a considerable time before its
pressure can be taken, since it will have been adversely conditioned, giving rise
to an anxiety response.
•The whole animal, and not just specific areas such as the tail, should be heated.
•Animals can be preheated in their cages and then placed in the traps, although
always without causing any unnecessary trauma, and giving them time to adapt
to being unable to move. If the traps are not subject to any other heat source the
effect of the vasodilatation will last for some time.
•It is advisable to cover the animal’s eyes (dark places are reassuring), although
they should be allowed to breathe freely, and any noise that could be an adverse
stimulus avoided.
•Heating temperature may vary for animals and even different breeds. The
following values are given as guidance only:
RATS: between 29ºC and 32ºC
MICE: between 30ºC and 34ºC
Higher values may jeopardise accomplishment of the objective. Experience has shown
us that the best results are obtained by drawing out heating time rather than by
increasing the temperature.
The following description outlines a typical protocol that should provide satisfactory
results in the measuring processes. Naturally, it is offered as an example only, meaning
that the experimenter can make any changes to the methodology presented they deem
necessary depending on their own experience, and apply them to their specific
experimental situation.
The following points should be applied when carrying out vasodilatation.
1. Over the first few days –three should be more than enough– the animal should
be made accustomed to staying in the trap for thirty minutes with the cuff and
the transducer placed as shown. It may be a good idea to carry out a few
measuring tests to get the animal used to the pressure the system applies to its
tail.
2. Once this period has elapsed, the system will probably take reliable
measurements. Thus, after 20 min of vasodilatation measurements can begin. If
the measurements are not satisfactory, wait 10 minutes and try again.
Throughout this time, the heart rate should be seen increasing in intensity and stability,
and a constant cadence should be seen in the flashing of the BEAT. Progressive
movement of the LEVEL bar, and stability of the frequency value, which is more
significant, should also be evident.

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7.5. ANAESTHETISING THE ANIMALS
The experimenter may also anaesthetise the animals, if there are any doubts regarding
the vasodilatation process. In any case, and if vasodilatation is not performed, the
temperature around the animals must always be kept at a minimum of 25ºC.
Anaesthesia brings in another variable that may substantially modify the animal’s
vasocirculatory behaviour: different types, forms and dosages of anaesthesia may cause
distortions in the measurement of the indirect pressure on the tail. It may even be
difficult to ascertain the value.
The hypothermia effect of anaesthesia should also be considered. This reduction in body
temperature triggers a fall in the flow of blood circulating through the vessels of the tail.
It may therefore be necessary to substantially increase the temperature, which in this
case may be done locally (heating the tail only).
Disproportionate heating temperatures do not make measurement easier. Generally,
there is a temperature value determined by experimenters’ experience, and that depends
on the animals, anaesthesia, breed, etc., which is the one most suitable for taking
measurements.
The diametric position of the transducer may be important, as the sensor part may
coincide with a vessel with high flow that facilitates detection of the pulse.
Since anaesthesia also causes a fall in the heart rate, a filter may be necessary for dogs
(on the back of the Unit) as the frequency values are close to those of this animal.