PCB Piezotronics ICP 108A04 User manual

Model 108A04
ICP® Pressure Sensor
Installation and Operating Manual
For assistance with the operation of this product,
contact PCB Piezotronics, Inc.
Toll-free: 800-828-8840
24-hour SensorLine: 716-684-0001
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
Web: www.pcb.com

The information contained in this document supersedes all similar information that
may be found elsewhere in this manual.
Service –Due to the sophisticated
nature of the sensors and associated
instrumentation provided by PCB
Piezotronics, user servicing or repair is
not recommended and, if attempted,
may void the factory warranty. Routine
maintenance, such as the cleaning of
electrical connectors, housings, and
mounting surfaces with solutions and
techniques that will not harm the
physical material of construction, is
acceptable. Caution should be observed
to ensure that liquids are not permitted
to migrate into devices that are not
hermetically sealed. Such devices
should only be wiped with a dampened
cloth and never submerged or have
liquids poured upon them.
Repair –In the event that equipment
becomes damaged or ceases to
operate, arrangements should be made
to return the equipment to PCB
Piezotronics for repair. User servicing or
repair is not recommended and, if
attempted, may void the factory
warranty.
Calibration –Routine calibration of
sensors and associated instrumentation
is recommended as this helps build
confidence in measurement accuracy
and acquired data. Equipment
calibration cycles are typically
established by the users own quality
regimen. When in doubt about a
calibration cycle, a good “rule of thumb”
is to recalibrate on an annual basis. It is
also good practice to recalibrate after
exposure to any severe temperature
extreme, shock, load, or other
environmental influence, or prior to any
critical test.
PCB Piezotronics maintains an ISO-
9001 certified metrology laboratory and
offers calibration services, which are
accredited by A2LA to ISO/IEC 17025,
with full traceability to SI through
N.I.S.T. In addition to the normally
supplied calibration, special testing is
also available, such as: sensitivity at
elevated or cryogenic temperatures,
phase response, extended high or low
frequency response, extended range,
leak testing, hydrostatic pressure
testing, and others. For information on
standard recalibration services or
special testing, contact your local PCB
Piezotronics distributor, sales
representative, or factory customer
service representative.
Returning Equipment –Following
these procedures will ensure that your
returned materials are handled in the
most expedient manner. Before
returning any equipment to PCB
Piezotronics, contact your local
distributor, sales representative, or
factory customer service representative
to obtain a Return Warranty, Service,
Repair, and Return Policies and
Instructions Materials Authorization
(RMA) Number. This RMA number
should be clearly marked on the outside
of all package(s) and on the packing
Service, Repair, and Return
Policies and Instructions

list(s) accompanying the shipment. A
detailed account of the nature of the
problem(s) being experienced with the
equipment should also be included
inside the package(s) containing any
returned materials.
A Purchase Order, included with the
returned materials, will expedite the
turn-around of serviced equipment. It is
recommended to include authorization
on the Purchase Order for PCB to
proceed with any repairs, as long as
they do not exceed 50% of the
replacement cost of the returned
item(s). PCB will provide a price
quotation or replacement
recommendation for any item whose
repair costs would exceed 50% of
replacement cost, or any item that is not
economically feasible to repair. For
routine calibration services, the
Purchase Order should include
authorization to proceed and return at
current pricing, which can be obtained
from a factory customer service
representative.
Contact Information –International
customers should direct all inquiries to
their local distributor or sales office. A
complete list of distributors and offices
can be found at www.pcb.com.
Customers within the United States may
contact their local sales representative
or a factory customer service
representative. A complete list of sales
representatives can be found at
www.pcb.com. Toll-free telephone
numbers for a factory customer service
representative, in the division
responsible for this product, can be
found on the title page at the front of this
manual. Our ship to address and
general contact numbers are:
PCB Piezotronics, Inc.
3425 Walden Ave.
Depew, NY14043 USA
Toll-free: [phone]
24-hour SensorLineSM: [phone]
Website: www.pcb.com
E-mail: [email protected]

PCB工业监视和测量设备 - 中国RoHS2公布表
PCB Industrial Monitoring and Measuring Equipment - China RoHS 2 Disclosure Table
部件名称
有害物质
铅(Pb)
汞
(Hg)
镉
(Cd)
六价铬(Cr(VI))
多溴联苯 (PBB)
多溴二苯醚(PBDE)
住房
O
O
O
O
O
O
PCB板
X
O
O
O
O
O
电气连接器
O
O
O
O
O
O
压电晶体
X
O
O
O
O
O
环氧
O
O
O
O
O
O
铁氟龙
O
O
O
O
O
O
电子
O
O
O
O
O
O
厚膜基板
O
O
X
O
O
O
电线
O
O
O
O
O
O
电缆
X
O
O
O
O
O
塑料
O
O
O
O
O
O
焊接
X
O
O
O
O
O
铜合金/黄铜
X
O
O
O
O
O
本表格依据 SJ/T 11364 的规定编制。
O：表示该有害物质在该部件所有均质材料中的含量均在 GB/T 26572 规定的限量要求以下。
X：表示该有害物质至少在该部件的某一均质材料中的含量超出 GB/T 26572 规定的限量要求。
铅是欧洲RoHS指令2011/65/ EU附件三和附件四目前由于允许的豁免。
CHINA RoHS COMPLIANCE

DOCUMENT NUMBER: 21354
DOCUMENT REVISION: D
ECN: 46162
Component Name
Hazardous Substances
Lead
(Pb)
Mercury
(Hg)
Cadmium
(Cd)
Chromium VI
Compounds
(Cr(VI))
Polybrominated
Biphenyls
(PBB)
Polybrominated
Diphenyl
Ethers (PBDE)
Housing
O
O
O
O
O
O
PCB Board
X
O
O
O
O
O
Electrical
Connectors
O
O
O
O
O
O
Piezoelectric
Crystals
X
O
O
O
O
O
Epoxy
O
O
O
O
O
O
Teflon
O
O
O
O
O
O
Electronics
O
O
O
O
O
O
Thick Film
Substrate
O
O
X
O
O
O
Wires
O
O
O
O
O
O
Cables
X
O
O
O
O
O
Plastic
O
O
O
O
O
O
Solder
X
O
O
O
O
O
Copper Alloy/Brass
X
O
O
O
O
O
This table is prepared in accordance with the provisions of SJ/T 11364.
O: Indicates that said hazardous substance contained in all of the homogeneous materials for this part is below the limit
requirement of GB/T 26572.
X: Indicates that said hazardous substance contained in at least one of the homogeneous materials for this part is above
the limit requirement of GB/T 26572.
Lead is present due to allowed exemption in Annex III or Annex IV of the European RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU.

Drawing Number: 21113
Revision: A
OPERATION MANUAL FOR
ICP®HIGH PRESSURE SENSORS
Series 108 & 109
1
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The 108 & 109 Series are acceleration-compensated,
high pressure, ICP®(Integrated Circuit Piezoelectric)
sensors primarily developed to measure ballistics
chamber pressures for R & D and production testing
of ammunition. They may also be used for explosive
air blast and other high pressure measurements in
extreme shock environments where ultra-fast, micro-
second response is required. These types of tests are
usually accompanied by large acceleration pulses,
which can add considerable error to output signals of
un-compensated sensors.
The shoulder seal design features a one-piece
diaphragm machined integral with the housing for
ruggedness. A ceramic coating is applied to the
diaphragm to minimize flash temperature effects.
For applications where strain sensitivity from stress
within the mounting port is a concern, the 108A1X,
108B1X, 109B1X and 109C1X utilize a floating
clamp-nut design to reduce the effects, where “X”
denotes pressure range.
2.0 DESCRIPTION
The 108 & 109 Series contain an acceleration-
compensated piezo element, which is coupled to a
microelectronic amplifier. The quartz element
contains an integral seismic mass that counteracts the
acceleration effects of the end piece and diaphragm.
This compensation acts to extend the frequency
characteristics and enhance the transient response of
the sensor.
The machined diaphragm is made from maraging
steel, selected because of its high strength and
durability. The combination of the short, rigid
element and stiff diaphragm give these sensors a high
natural frequency and linearity.
The microelectronic amplifier converts the high-
impedance voltage from the quartz package into a
low-impedance, high-level output signal. See the
Technical Information section of our website for
more complete coverage of ICP®instruments.
3.0 INSTALLATION
With a 3/8-24 (M10x1.0 for metric mount) mounting
thread and flush diaphragm design, the 108 & 109
Series transducers mount directly in existing ports
machined for PCB Series 118 & 119.
Unlike conventional diaphragm type sensors, the 108
& 109 Series are pressure sensitive over the entire
frontal area. Extra care should be exercised to avoid
bottoming in the mounting hole when recess mounted
or when mounting into existing ports.
Install the sensor, using only one of the seals
provided, with the aid of a torque wrench to monitor
the mounting torque value. The recommended torque
range can be found on the installation drawing. Seals
should be replaced each time the sensor is re-
installed.
3.1 MOUNTING IN EXISTING
RECESSED PORTS
Before installing the sensor in previously used
mounting ports, clean out the residue from previous
tests. The port can be cleaned by hand reaming the ¼
inch diameter hole using a PCB Model 040A end
cutting reamer (040A07 for metric mount) guided by
PCB Model 041A pilot bushing (M041A for metric
mount).
Pay particular attention to the sealing surface,
keeping it free from tool chatter marks, nicks and
other imperfections that could adversely affect the
seal. If the sealing surface requires re-machining
after prolonged use, refer to the installation drawing
to ensure that the ¼ inch hole is deepened to avoid
bottoming of the sensor when re-installed.
10-32 COAXIAL
CONNECTOR
5/16 HEX
3/8-24 THREAD
QUARTZ ELEMENT
CERAMIC COATING
ICP® AMPLIFIER

Drawing Number: 21113
Revision: A
OPERATION MANUAL FOR
ICP®HIGH PRESSURE SENSORS
Series 108 & 109
2
Existing Recessed Ports
If waveform distortion occurs during prolonged
testing, remove the sensor and clean the residue as
illustrated above.
3.2 PREPARING NEW MOUNTING
PORTS
Refer to the installation drawing provided in this
manual for instructions on mounting hole preparation.
For best results, do not deviate from the steps
outlined in this drawing.
To assist new mounting port preparation, PCB offers
the 040B20 Tooling Kit (040B21 for metric mount).
These installation kits provide all of the necessary
tooling required to drill, ream, and tap the mounting
ports for proper installation of the 108, 109, 118 and
119 Series transducers.
Use good machining practice in preparation of the
mounting port, paying particular attention to the seal
surface. It is important that this surface be perfectly
smooth and free from tool chatter marks, nicks and
other imperfections which might cause leaks at high
pressures.
3.3 RECESSED MOUNT
The recessed installation is shown in the Recessed
Mount figure. This type of mounting protects the
sensor diaphragm from the effects of high-flash
temperatures and particle impingement due to blast
effects, thereby prolonging sensor life.
The recommended range of passage diameters is
0.090 to 0.125 inch (2.29 to 3.18 mm) diameter.
The limitation in this type of installation lies in the
frequency-limiting effects of the passage due to its
length.
The passage behaves like an underdamped second
order system; the resonant frequency being
determined by the passage length. The length may
have a limiting effect on pressure pulse rise time and
cause passage ringing in cases where the passage is
too long.
Recessed Mount
The following relationship approximates this resonant
frequency (fr):
(Hz)
L4
V
fr
(EQ. 1)
Where: fr = Resonant frequency of passage (Hz)
V = Velocity of sound in air (ft/sec)
L = Length of column (ft)
For air at room temperature, (EQ. 1) becomes:
L
0033
fr
(EQ. 2)
Where: L = Passage length (in)
MODEL 040A
REAMER
MODEL 041A
PILOT BUSHING
0.010
MIN

Drawing Number: 21113
Revision: A
OPERATION MANUAL FOR
ICP®HIGH PRESSURE SENSORS
Series 108 & 109
3
The natural frequency and approximate fastest
pressure step rise time for various length passages is
shown in the following chart. (Medium, air at 25C).
PASSAGE
LENGTH (in)
PASSAGE
RESONANCE
(kHz)
APPROX.
FASTEST PULSE
RISE TIME (sec)
.050
66
5
.100
33
10
.200
16.5
20
.50
6.6
50
1.0
3.3
100
Passage Resonance vs. Passage Length
Actual resonant frequencies measured in practice may
differ slightly from the chart values. These
differences are due to variations in the velocity of
propagation of sound in air caused by changes in
temperature and pressure of the air in the passage.
For best matching of passage to diaphragm, maintain
the 0.010 inch (0.254 mm) clearance ahead of the
diaphragm as shown in the Recessed Mount figure on
the previous page.
3.4 FLUSH MOUNT
In the flush mount installation, there is no reduced
area passage from the sensor diaphragm to the test
chamber; rather the sensor diaphragm is mounted
flush with (or slightly recessed from) the inside
surface of the test chamber.
Use this type of installation only if space or rise time
considerations preclude the use of recessed
installation.
In severe pyrotechnic environments, sensor life may
be severely limited with flush installation.
3.5 FLASH TEMPERATURE
EFFECTS
The ceramic coating on the diaphragm of these
sensors should render the flash thermal effect
insignificant in most cases, especially when recessed
mounted.
However, if more protection from flash thermal
effects is required with the recessed mount, the
passage can be filled with silicone grease (DC-4 or
equivalent). Several layers of black vinyl electrical
tape directly on the diaphragm have proven effective
in many cases as well.
Flash temperature effects are usually longer term and
will show up as a baseline shift long after the event to
be measured has passed.
For flush mount installations, a silicone rubber
coating approximately 0.010 inch thick can be
effective; GE RTV type 106 is recommended, and is
available from PCB as Model 065A67. Follow
manufacturer’s instructions to apply. It is best to
recess the diaphragm 0.010 inch for this type of
protection.
3.6 INSTALLING CABLES
It is convenient, though not necessary, to use coaxial
cable, such as PCB 002 Series, to connect the
transducer to the power unit. Cable need not be low-
noise treated.
If the use of lighter, more flexible cable is desired,
PCB Model 070B09 solder connector adaptors may
be used to employ twisted pair or other types of two-
wire cable.

Drawing Number: 21113
Revision: A
OPERATION MANUAL FOR
ICP®HIGH PRESSURE SENSORS
Series 108 & 109
4
3.7 CIRCUIT CONNECTIONS
The figures below show two typical circuit
connections normally used to connect the 108 & 109
Series to power units.
The first figure is the connection scheme used for
most applications. In this set up, the signal is AC-
coupled from the bias voltage meaning the voltage at
the "scope" terminal will be at a zero volt bias level.
Normal Connection AC-Coupled Output
In this case, the system discharge time constant will
be determined by the input resistance and capacitance
of the power unit. Most PCB power units have
approximately a 10 second discharge time constant.
Alternate Connection to take Advantage of Sensor
Discharge TC
The second figure illustrates an optional connection
scheme which can be used during calibration to take
full advantage of the sensor’s discharge time constant.
With this arrangement, the readout is direct-coupled
to the sensor and the output signal will be added to
the DC bias voltage (11 VDC nominal).
The discharge time constant will then be determined
only by the sensor and should be in the order of 2000
seconds; this is sufficient for most types of static
calibration methods. (See Calibration Section 4.0)
Typical Connection
The figure above shows the 108 & 109 Series
connected to a PCB Model 484B06 power unit. The
484B06 is a power unit that can be AC or DC-
coupled.
In the DC-couple mode, a level-shifting circuit
removes the bias level and provides a zero adjust
feature at the front panel. The system’s discharge
time constant is determined by the sensor in this
mode.
An AC-coupled mode is provided for normal AC-
coupled operation.
4.0 CALIBRATION
PCB 108 & 109 Series sensors are supplied with a
calibration certification from the factory.
Recalibration services are provided at the factory for
a nominal fee.
Static calibration methods may be employed using the
set-up shown in the Alternate Connection figure or by
use of the Model 484B06 Power Unit as shown in the
figure above –use the 484B06 in DC mode.
Following thermal stabilization of the sensor, use a
high pressure pump with dial reference sensor or a
dead weight tester to apply pressure in desired
increments to full scale. Release pressure after taking
the reading and before proceeding to the next higher
pressure level.
With a 2000 second discharge time constant, 1% of
the signal will be lost in 20 seconds, so it is
imperative that the pressure setting and recording of
output be accomplished quickly.
A calibration graph can be plotted using output
voltage vs. input pressure to determine sensitivity and
linearity.
108 & 109
SERIES
002 SERIES
ICP®
POWER SUPPLY
READOUT
108 & 109
SERIES
ICP®
POWER SUPPLY
002 SERIES
READOUT
ICP®
POWER SUPPLY
SERIES 002
READOUT
108 & 109
SERIES

Drawing Number: 21113
Revision: A
OPERATION MANUAL FOR
ICP®HIGH PRESSURE SENSORS
Series 108 & 109
5
5.0 OPERATION
Select desired mode of circuit connection and turn
power unit on.
Observe fault monitor meter at the front panel of the
power unit.
Normal operation is indicated by an approximate
midscale reading. Shorted cable or connections are
indicated by a zero reading (red area).
Open cable or connections are indicated by a full-
scale (yellow area) reading.
Allow instrument several minutes to warm up and
thermally stabilize.
When output from the power unit is connected to
readout equipment, a drift in the voltage signal will
be noticed; this is normal. This voltage signal drift is
caused by the charging of the coupling capacitor in
the power unit and will cease within several minutes.
6.0 POLARITY
The 108 & 109 Series are designed to produce a
positive output voltage for increasing pressure at the
diaphragm.
7.0 MAINTENANCE
The small size and sealed construction of the 108 &
109 Series precludes field maintenance and repair.
Contact the factory for further assistance.
ICP®is a registered trademark of PCB Piezotronics