Phoenix Contact RAD-UHF-SL-RS232-BD User manual

User Manual
RAD-UHF-…
Wireless Radio System for PTP and PTMP Data
Communication on the UHF Band
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Designation:
Revision:
This user manual is valid for:
04/2007
INTERFACE
2313_en_A PHOENIX CONTACT
RAD-UHF-…
A
Designation Version Order No.
RAD-UHF-SL-RS232-BD A 5606857
RAD-UHF-FL-RS232-BD/64F01 A 5606114
RAD-UHF-FL-RS232-BD/63F01 A 5606858
RAD-UHF-FL-RS232-BD/51F01 A 5607055
RAD-UHF-FL-RS232-BD/65F01 A 5607056
User Manual
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ii PHOENIX CONTACT 2313_en_A
Please Observe the Following Notes
In order to ensure the safe use of this manual it must be READ and UNDERSTOOD before
installing or operating the products described herein.
About This Manual
The use of products described in this manual is oriented exclusively to qualified installers
and applicationengineers, whoare familiar with the safety concepts of wireless technology
and applicable standards.
Phoenix Contact accepts no liability for erroneous handling or damage to products from
Phoenix Contact or third-party products resulting from disregard of information contained
in this manual.
Explanation of Symbols Used
Throughout this manual, and possibly on the product itself, the Safety Alert Symbol (ANSI)
or General Warning Sign (ISO) indicates hazardous procedures or practices. Along with
thesymbolarisk levelindicatesthe seriousnessof the hazard.Thesymbolandassociated
risk levels are indicated and defined as:
The text symbol refers to detailed sources of information (manuals, data sheets, literature,
etc.) on the subject matter, product, etc. This text also provides helpful information for the
orientation in the manual.
DANGER!
This indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious
injury.
WARNING!
Thisindicatesahazardoussituationwhich,ifnotavoided,couldresultindeathorserious
injury.
CAUTION!
This indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, may result in minor or
moderate injury.
NOTE: The note symbol indicates procedures or practices that protect against product
or property damage. It may also provide additional advice on aninstruction or the use of
the product to save time.
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Contact Information
Phoenix Contact
P.O. Box 4100
Harrisburg, PA 17111-0100
Phone 800-888-7388
Fax 717-944-1625
Website www.phoenixcon.com
E-mail info@phoenixcon.com
Technical Service800-322-3225
Internet
General Terms and Conditions of Use
Phoenix Contact reserves theright to alter, correct, and/or improve the productsdescribed
in this documentation at its own discretion and without giving prior notice,insofar as this is
reasonablefor theuser.Thesameappliestoany technicalchangesthatservethepurpose
of technical progress.
Please note that the supplied documentation is product-specific documentation only and
that you are responsible for checking the suitability and intended use of the products in
your specific application, in particular with regard to observing the applicable standards
and regulations.
Although Phoenix Contact makes every effort to ensure that the information content is ac-
curate, up-to-date, and state-of-the-art, technical inaccuracies and/or printing errors in the
information cannot be ruled out. Phoenix Contact does not offer any guarantees as to the
reliability, accuracy or completeness of the information.
Statement of Legal Authority
This manual, including all illustrations contained herein, is copyright protected. Use of this
manual by any third party is forbidden. Reproduction, translation, and public disclosure, as
well aselectronicand photographic archiving or alteration requiresthe express writtencon-
sent of Phoenix Contact. Violators are liable for damages.
Third-party products are always named without reference to patent rights. The existence
of such rights shall not be excluded.
Up-to-date information on Phoenix Contact products can be found on the Internet at:
www.phoenixcontact.com
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iv PHOENIX CONTACT 2313_en_A
Limited Warranty
Phoenix Contact warrants to Customer that the equipment purchased shall be free from
defectsin material andworkmanship under normaluse and service for aperiod of one year
from shipment.
Writtennoticeandanexplanationofthecircumstancesofanyclaimthattheequipmenthas
proved defective in material or workmanship shall be given promptly by the Customer to
Phoenix Contact.
Phoenix Contact will not be liable for any misuse, improper operations, improper installa-
tion, improper maintenance, alteration, modification, accident or unusual degradation of
the equipment or parts due to an unsuitable installation environment.
No representation or other affirmation of facts, including but not limited to statements re-
garding capacity, suitability for use or performance of the equipment, shall be or be
deemed to be a warranty or representation by Phoenix Contact for any purpose, not give
rise to any liability or obligation of Phoenix Contact whatsoever.
Customer’s sole and exclusive remedy in the event of breach of warranty, as set forth
herein, is expressly limited to (1) the correction of the defect by adjustment, repair, modifi-
cation, or replacement, or (2) issuance of a credit or refund of the purchase price for the
defective equipment at Phoenix Contact’s election and sole expense.
EXCEPT AS SPECIFICALLY STATED ABOVE, THERE ARE NO OTHER WARRANTIES
EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY IMPLIED WAR-
RANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
This warranty extends only to the customer from Phoenix Contact or its authorized distrib-
utor.
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Table of Contents
1 Product Overview....................................................................................................................1-3
1.1 RAD-UHF-FL-RS232-BD/… Overview...............................................................1-3
1.1.1 RAD-UHF-FL-RS232-BD/… Features and Benefits ...........................1-3
1.2 RAD-UHF-SL-RS232-BD Overview...................................................................1-4
1.2.1 RAD-UHF-SL-RS232-BD Features and Benefits ...............................1-5
1.3 System Architecture...........................................................................................1-5
1.3.1 Generic Connectivity ..........................................................................1-5
1.3.2 Industries and Applications .................................................................1-6
1.3.3 Application Detail ................................................................................1-6
1.3.4 Systems Architecture ..........................................................................1-6
1.4 Compliance Information .....................................................................................1-9
1.4.1 R&TTE Notice (Europe) ....................................................................1-10
1.4.2 Important Notices for Class I, Division 2, Groups A, B, C & D Hazardous
Locations ..........................................................................................1-10
1.4.3 Low Voltage Safety (Europe) ............................................................1-11
2 System Planning and Design ..................................................................................................2-3
2.1 Accessing the Site..............................................................................................2-3
2.2 Path Quality Analysis .........................................................................................2-3
2.2.1 Signal Strength ...................................................................................2-3
2.2.2 Antennas and Cabling ........................................................................2-4
2.2.3 Coaxial Cable Considerations ............................................................2-4
2.2.4 Antenna Mounting Considerations .....................................................2-6
2.2.5 Maintaining System Performance .......................................................2-6
3 Making Connections and Powering Up ...................................................................................3-3
3.1 Data Connectivity...............................................................................................3-3
3.1.1 The V24 Standard ..............................................................................3-3
3.1.2 RAD-UHF-SL-RS232-BD Ports ..........................................................3-4
3.1.3 RAD-UHF-FL-RS232-BD Ports ..........................................................3-5
3.1.4 Hardware Handshaking (RAD-UHF-FL… Only) .................................3-5
3.2 Power Supply and Environmental Considerations.............................................3-5
3.2.1 General ...............................................................................................3-5
3.2.2 Power Supply .....................................................................................3-6
3.2.3 Solar Applications ...............................................................................3-6
3.2.4 Grounding ...........................................................................................3-6
4 Programming...........................................................................................................................4-3
4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................4-3
4.2 Installation..........................................................................................................4-3
4.2.1 Software .............................................................................................4-3
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vi PHOENIX CONTACT 2313_en_A
4.3 RAD-Link 400 Software Main Screen.................................................................4-4
4.4 RAD-UHF-SL Programmer.................................................................................4-4
4.4.1 Main Window ......................................................................................4-4
4.4.2 Pull-Down Menus and Toolbar Buttons ..............................................4-6
4.4.3 Port Configuration ...............................................................................4-8
4.4.4 RF Parameters .................................................................................4-11
4.4.5 System Parameters ..........................................................................4-13
4.4.6 Messages .........................................................................................4-15
4.4.7 Status Bar .........................................................................................4-16
4.5 RAD-UHF-FL Programmer...............................................................................4-16
4.5.1 Main Window ....................................................................................4-16
4.5.2 Pull-Down Menus and Toolbar Buttons ............................................4-17
4.5.3 Port Configuration .............................................................................4-21
4.5.4 RF Parameters .................................................................................4-26
4.5.5 TX/RX (Frequency) Trim ..................................................................4-28
4.5.6 System Parameters ..........................................................................4-29
4.5.7 Messages .........................................................................................4-36
4.5.8 Status Bar .........................................................................................4-36
5 Troubleshooting.......................................................................................................................5-3
5.1 RAD-UHF… Radio.............................................................................................5-3
5.1.1 Power .................................................................................................5-3
5.1.2 Received RF Signal ............................................................................5-3
5.1.3 Data Port Transfer ..............................................................................5-3
5.1.4 Radio Errors .......................................................................................5-4
5.1.5 Antenna Alignment and RSSI Testing ................................................5-4
5.1.6 Link Establishment and BER Testing .................................................5-5
5.1.7 Performing a Loop Back Test .............................................................5-6
6 Diagnostics..............................................................................................................................6-3
6.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................6-3
6.1.1 Features .............................................................................................6-3
6.2 Main Screen.......................................................................................................6-4
6.3 Operating Instructions........................................................................................6-4
6.3.1 Main Menu ..........................................................................................6-4
6.3.2 Modem Connection ............................................................................6-5
6.3.3 Introduction (Polled Diagnostics) ........................................................6-5
6.3.4 Introduction (Automatic Diagnostics) ..................................................6-6
6.3.5 File Menu ............................................................................................6-6
6.3.6 Settings Menu ...................................................................................6-13
6.3.7 Polling ...............................................................................................6-23
6.3.8 Data Logging ....................................................................................6-25
6.3.9 Tools .................................................................................................6-28
6.3.10 Interpreting Poll Results ...................................................................6-31
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2313_en_A PHOENIX CONTACT vii
6.4 Open Database Connectivity (ODBC)..............................................................6-33
7 Technical Data.........................................................................................................................7-3
7.1 RAD-UHF-SL-RS232-BD...................................................................................7-3
7.2 RAD-UHF-FL-RS232-BD\…...............................................................................7-4
8 Ordering Information................................................................................................................8-3
8.1 Ordering Information ..........................................................................................8-3
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Section 1
2313_en_A PHOENIX CONTACT 1-1
This section informs you about
– Features and Benefits of the RAD-UHF radios
– System Architecture
Product Overview............................................................................................................................1-3
1.1 RAD-UHF-FL-RS232-BD/… Overview...............................................................1-3
1.1.1 RAD-UHF-FL-RS232-BD/… Features and Benefits............................1-3
1.2 RAD-UHF-SL-RS232-BD Overview...................................................................1-4
1.2.1 RAD-UHF-SL-RS232-BD Features and Benefits................................1-5
1.3 System Architecture...........................................................................................1-5
1.3.1 Generic Connectivity ...........................................................................1-5
1.3.2 Industries and Applications..................................................................1-6
1.3.3 Application Detail.................................................................................1-6
1.3.4 Systems Architecture...........................................................................1-6
1.4 Compliance Information .....................................................................................1-9
1.4.1 R&TTE Notice (Europe).....................................................................1-10
1.4.2 Important Notices for Class I, Division 2, Groups A, B, C & D Hazardous
Locations...........................................................................................1-10
1.4.3 Low Voltage Safety (Europe).............................................................1-11
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1-2 PHOENIX CONTACT 2313_en_A
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Product Overview
2313_en_A PHOENIX CONTACT 1-3
1 Product Overview
1.1 RAD-UHF-FL-RS232-BD/… Overview
The RAD-UHF-FL-RS232-BD/… radio is a wireless modem designed for the transmission
of data communications for SCADA, telemetry and any other information and control ap-
plications that utilize ASCII messaging techniques. The RAD-UHF-FL-… radio uses ad-
vanced“digital”modulationandsignalprocessingtechniquestoachieveexceptionallyhigh
data throughput efficiency using traditional licensed narrow band radio channels.
Many frequency band and regulatory formats are available to suit various spectrum band-
plans in various continental regions. The radio is designed for both fixed point-to-point
(PTP), and multiple address (MAS) or point-to-multipoint (PTMP) systems.
The FL radio is a half-duplex “Remote” radio modem. Frequency band variants are indi-
cated by the band prefix and model numbering (see “Ordering Information”on page 8-3).
1.1.1 RAD-UHF-FL-RS232-BD/… Features and Benefits
• Up to 19200 bps over-air data rates using programmable DSP-based advanced mod-
ulation schemes.
• Superior receiver sensitivity.
• Fast data turnaround time <10 ms.
• 128-bit AES encryption.
• Flash upgradeable firmware – insurance against obsolescence.
• Multi-function bi-color TX/RX data LEDs showing port activity (breakout box style), as
well as LEDs indicating TX, RX, RF Signal, Data Synchronization and DC Power sta-
tus of the radio.
• Rugged N-type antenna connectors on all equipment.
• High temperature transmitter foldback protection.
• Two independent configurable data ports and separate system port.
• Higher port speeds to support increased air-rate (up to 57600 bps on Port 1 and
38400 bps on Port 2).
• Compatible with most industry standard data protocols, e.g., MODBUS, DNP-3,
IEC 870, SEL Mirrored Bits, etc.
• Independent system port for interruption free programming and diagnostics (in addi-
tion to two (2) user ports).
• Compatible with legacy systems (Non Packet Digital and Bell 202 Modes)
• Remote over-the-air configuration of any radio from any location.
• Multistream™ simultaneous data streams allows for multiple vendor devices / proto-
cols to be transported on the one radio network.
• Flexible data stream routing and steering providing optimum radio channel efficiency
– complex data radio systems can be implemented with fewer radio channels.
• The abilityto duplicate data streams – that is, decode the same off-air data to two sep-
arate ports.
• Multi-function radio capable of dropping off one stream to a port and forward on or re-
peat (store and forward) the same or other data.
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• Stand-alone internal store and forward operation – buffered store and forward opera-
tion even in the remote units.
• Unique integrated C/DSMA collision avoidance technology permits simultaneous poll-
ing and spontaneous reporting operation in the same system.
• Digital receiver frequency tracking for long term data reliability.
• Network wide non-intrusive diagnostics which runs simultaneously with the applica-
tion.
• Network wide diagnostics interrogation which can be performed from anywhere in the
system including any remote site.
• Diagnostics will route its way to any remote or base/repeater site regardless of how
many base/repeater stations are interconnected.
• Full range of advanced features available within Network Management and Remote
Diagnostics package – BER testing, trending, channel occupancy, client/server oper-
ation, etc.
• On-board memory for improving user data latency – increased user interface speeds.
• Full CRC error checked data – no erroneous data due to squelch tails or headers.
• Various flow control and PTT control mechanisms.
Figure 1-1 RAD-UHF-FL-RS232-BD/… Radio
• Optional full-duplex capable remote – separate TX and RX ports for connection to an
external duplexer.
• New compact and rugged die cast case with built in heatsink.
• Low power consumption with various sleep modes.
• Rugged N-type antenna connectors.
• Data Port “breakout box” style flow LEDs for easier troubleshooting.
1.2 RAD-UHF-SL-RS232-BD Overview
The RAD-UHF-SL-RS232-BDradio is a wireless modem designed for the transmission of
data communications for SCADA, telemetry and any other information and control applica-
tions that utilize ASCII messaging techniques. The SL radio uses advanced “digital” mod-
ulation and signal processing techniques to achieve exceptionallyhigh data throughputef-
ficiency using traditional licensed narrow band radio channels.
These products are available in many frequency band and regulatory formats, to suit spec-
trum bandplans in various continental regions. The range is designed for both fixed point-
to-point (PTP), and multiple address (MAS) or point-to-multipoint (PMP) systems.
The SL radio is a half-duplex “Remote” radio modem.
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Product Overview
2313_en_A PHOENIX CONTACT 1-5
1.2.1 RAD-UHF-SL-RS232-BD Features and Benefits
• 400-470 MHz band operation
• 0.1 to 5 watt transmitter output power
• Software selectable TX and RX frequencies
• Simplex or half-duplex operation with any TX-RX splits
• Synthesized digital data radio design
• High frequency stability
• Professional N-Type antenna connector
• Fully integrated DSP based data modem
• High data integrity - CRC error checking
• User configurable 300-19,200 bps asynch RS-232 port
• Fully transparent three wire user interface
• Intelligent transmitter control - auto TX on data
• Compatible with most industry standard data protocols, e.g., MODBUS, DNP-3,
IEC 870-5-101, etc.
• Multi-function bi-color TX/RX data LEDsshowing Port activity (breakout box style), as
well as LEDs indicating TX, RX, RF Signal, Data Synchronization and DC Power sta-
tus of the radio.
Figure 1-2 RAD-UHF-SL-RS232-BD Radio
1.3 System Architecture
1.3.1 Generic Connectivity
The RAD-UHF-… Series is designed for SCADA andtelemetry applications, and any other
applications that use an ASCII communications protocol, and which connect physically
using the RS-232 interface standard (although converters can be used to adapt other in-
terfaces such as RS-422/485).
Any protocol that can be displayed using a PC-based terminal program operating via a se-
rial communications port is suitable for transmission by the RAD-UHF-… radio modems.
An ASCII protocol is any that consists of message strings formed from ASCII characters,
that being defined as a 10 or 11-bit block including start and stop bits, 7 or 8 data bits and
optional parity bit(s). Port set-up dialog that includes the expressions “N, 8, 1,” or E, 7, 2”
or similar indicate an ASCII protocol.
Most of the dominant telemetry industry suppliers utilize proprietary ASCII protocols, and
also common “open standard” industry protocols such as DNP3, MODBUS, TCP/IP, and
PPP. These are all ASCII based protocols.
Data Port
Red>
TxRxSgTxD
Green> PwrSynchRxD
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RAD-UHF-…
1-6 PHOENIX CONTACT 2313_en_A
1.3.2 Industries and Applications
RAD-UHF-… Series products are widely used in point-to-point and point-to-multipoint
(multipleaccess)applicationsforremoteinterconnectionofPLCs,RTUs,dataloggers,and
other datamonitoring and control devices - includingspecialist utilitydevices (such as pow-
erlineACRs).Inaddition,otherapplicationssuchasareawidesecurityandalarmsystems,
public information systems (traffic flow and public signage systems) and environmental
monitoring systems.
1.3.3 Application Detail
1.3.3.1 SCADA Systems
This is where one or more centralized control sites are used to monitor and control remote
fielddevicesoverwideareas.Examplesincluderegionalutilitiesmonitoringandcontrolling
networks over entire towns or a greater metropolitan areas. Industry sectors include en-
ergy utilities (gas and electricity distribution), water and sewerage utilities, catchment and
environment groups (rivers, dams and catchment management authorities).
1.3.3.2 Telemetry Systems
Dedicated telemetry control systems interconnecting sequential devices either where ca-
bling is not practical or distances are considerable. Examples include:
– ore conveyor or slurry pipeline systems
– water systems (pump and reservoir interlinking)
– broadcast industry (linking studio to transmitter) etc.
1.3.4 Systems Architecture
Point-to-Point
Figure 1-3 Point-to-Point Linking
This simple systemarchitecture provides avirtual connection between the twopoints, sim-
ilar to a cable. Dependent of the hardware chosen, it is possible to provide a full-duplex
connection, i.e., data transfer in both directions simultaneously, if required.
Channel availability is managed by
the Collision Avoidance System
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Product Overview
2313_en_A PHOENIX CONTACT 1-7
Point-to-Multipoint Systems
Figure 1-4 Point-to-Multipoint Linking
In a multiple access radio system, messages can be broadcast from one (master) site to
all others, either using a half-duplex radio systemor from any site to all others, using a sim-
plex radio channel.
Half-duplex systems often utilize a full-duplex master, to make the system simpler and for
faster operation.
In either case, it will be necessary for the application to support an addressing system,
since the master needs to be able to select which remote device it with which it wishes to
communicate. Normally, the radio system is allowed to operate “transparently”, allowing
the application’s protocol to provide the addressing, and thus control the traffic. Where the
application layer does not provide the addressing, the FL Series can provide it using SID
codes™.
DataPort
www.trio.com.au
Red>TxRxSgTxD
Green>PwrSynchRxD
DataPort
www.trio.com.au
Red>
TxRxSgTxD
Green>PwrSynchRxD
In a Point-to-Multipoint System, the master radio can:
• send to a selected modem or broadcast to all
• receive data from all modems
• support unlimited network size - limits based on
bandwidth only
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RAD-UHF-…
1-8 PHOENIX CONTACT 2313_en_A
1.3.4.1 Repeater Systems
Figure 1-5 Repeater Linking
This configuration is used where all sites are required to communicate via a repeater site.
Arepeatersiteisusedbecauseithasapositionand/orheightadvantageandthusprovides
superior or extended RF coverage. The radio modem at the repeater does not have to be
physically connected to the application’s master site. Information from the application’s
masteristransmittedto therepeaterviaradio,andthe repeaterthenrelaysthisinformation
to the other field sites. In this scenario, the repeater is the master from an RF point of view,
and the application master is effectively a “remote” from an RF point of view, even though
it is controlling the data transfer on the system.
Channel availability is managed by
the Collision Avoidance System
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Product Overview
2313_en_A PHOENIX CONTACT 1-9
Backbone Store and Forward Systems
Figure 1-6 Backbone Store and Forward System
Store and forward is used as a wayof extending RF coverage by repeating data messages
from one site to another.
This can be done globally using the built-in data repeating functions or selectively using
intelligent address-based routing features available in some PLC/RTU protocols.
In this case it is necessary for all units on the system to operate in half-duplex mode (only
key-up when transmitting data),so thateach site isfree to hear received signals from more
than one source.
1.4 Compliance Information
Dual ports (1 & 2) on each RAD-UHF-FL radio allow for drop-and-insert data streams.
Routing of data down specific paths to minimize system loading.
Multiple devices/protocols supported at any radio site (ports 1& 2).
Network wide diagnostics to all sites (non-intrusive) available from any site.
SID: Stream Identifier
Full-duplex operation available with optional duplexer or base station.
Repeater Site 1 Repeater Site 2
Repeater Site 3
SCADA
Diagnostics
WARNING – RF Exposure
The radioequipment described in this user manual emitslowlevel radio frequency
energy. The concentrated energy maypose a health hazard depending on the type
of antenna used. In the case of:
Non-directional antenna -DO NOT allow people to come within 0.5 m (20in.) of the
antenna when the transmitter is operating.
Directional antenna - DO NOT allow people to come within 6 m (20 ft.) of the
antenna when the transmitter is operating.
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RAD-UHF-…
1-10 PHOENIX CONTACT 2313_en_A
1.4.1 R&TTE Notice (Europe)
Applies to Models RAD-UHF-... Radios
In order to comply with the R&TTE (Radio & Telecommunications Terminal Equipment) di-
rective 1999/5/EC Article 3 (Low Voltage Directive 73/23/EEC), all radio modem installa-
tions must include an external in-line lightning arrestor or equivalent device that complies
with the following specifications:
– DC Blocking Capability - 1.5 kV impulse (Rise Time 10 ms, Fall Time 700 ms) (Repe-
tition 10 times) or 1.0 kV RMS 50 Hz sine wave for 1 minute.
Phoenix Contact declares that the RAD-UHF-… radio equipment is in compliance with the
essentialrequirementsandotherrelevantprovisionsoftheDirective1999/5/EC.Therefore
this equipment is labelled with the following CE-marking.
The RAD-UHF-… radios are a range of wireless modems designed for the transmission of
data communications for SCADA, telemetry and any other information and control applica-
tions that utilize ASCII messaging techniques. The RAD-UHF-… radios use advanced“dig-
ital” modulation and signal processing techniques to achieve exceptionally high data
throughput efficiency using traditional licensed narrow band radio channels.
These products are available in many frequency bands and regulatory formats to suit spec-
trum bandplans, in various continental regions. The range is designed for both fixed point-
to-point (PTP), and multiple address (MAS) or point-to-multipoint (PMP) systems.
1.4.2 Important Notices for Class I, Division 2, Groups A, B, C &
D Hazardous Locations
This product is available for use in Class I, Division 2, Groups A, B, C & D Hazardous Lo-
cations. Such locations are defined in Article 500 of the US National Fire Protection Asso-
ciation (NFPA) publication NFPA 70, otherwiseknown as the National Electrical Code and
in Section 18 of the Canadian Standards Association C22.1 (Canadian Electrical Code).
WARNING – EXPLOSION HAZARD
Do not disconnect equipment unless power has been switched off or the area is
knowntobenon-hazardous.Substitutionofcomponentsmayimpairsuitabilityfor
ClassI, Division 2. Referto Articles 500 through 502 of theNational Electrical Code
(NFPA 70) and Section 18 of CSA C22.1 for further information on hazardous
locations and approved Division 2 wiring methods.
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