Qcells Q.SMART Series User manual

Q.SMART
Installation and operation manual for Q.SMART, Q.SMART UF,
Q.SMART UF L – Generation G1.3
CIGS SOLAR MODULES
Valid for Europe
DRAFT

2
1 INTRODUCTION PAGE 3
2 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PAGE 4
3 SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS PAGE 5
3.1 TRANSPORT AND STORAGE PAGE 5
4 AREA OF USAGE AND INSTALLATION LOCATION PAGE 6
5 LAYOUT, MOUNTING AND INSTALLATION PAGE 7
5.1 MOUNTING LAYOUTS PAGE 8
5.2 MECHANICAL MOUNTING - UNFRAMED MODULES PAGE 10
5.3 MECHANICAL MOUNTING - FRAMED MODULES PAGE 11
5.4 ELECTRICAL LAYOUT PAGE 12
5.5 GROUNDING PAGE 13
5.6 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION PAGE 15
6 TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 15
7 CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE PAGE 16
8 DECOMMISSIONING AND RECYCLING PAGE 16
9 CONTACT PAGE 17
10 APPENDIX - APPLICATION NOTE GROUNDING PAGE 18
Technical parameters and design are subject to change. The data sheets and customer information valid at the point in time when
the relevant module was manufactured apply for the carrying out of installation, mounting or maintenance work on the solar modules.
DOCUMENT REVISION 3.0
This document applies for Europe for the following as of April 2012:
Q.SMART of product revision G1.3 and higher. For the solar modules up to product revision G1.2, please refer to the manual
„QCells_Installation and Operation Manual_CIGS Module_G1.0 - G1.2_2011-05_Rev07_EN“.
INSTALLATION AND OPERATION MANUAL FOR CIGS SOLAR MODULES Q-CELLS SE - EUROPE

3
1 INTRODUCTION
Information for operators
Please don’t forget to register your photovoltaic installation
at Q.CELLS to get the full extended warranty service accord-
ing to our warranty terms. Ask our Technical Customer Serv-
ice ([email protected]) for further information.
Keep these instructions safe for the entire life of the
module. Particularly observe chapters 3 (Safety instructions),
6 (Troubleshooting) and 7 (cleaning and maintenance).
Please contact your plant supplier for information concern-
ing the formal requirements for solar systems. Please be sure
to learn about directives and permit requirements from the
responsible local authorities and energy providers prior to
installation of the solar plant. You can only ensure econom-
ic success when these requirements have been taken into
account. In your own interest, make sure to acquire the nec-
essary permits from the authorities and contracts with the
energy providers. We recommend that you insure your solar
system against natural hazards (e.g. lightning strike).
Disclaimer
These instructions are only valid for products of the Q-Cells
SE company. Q.CELLS assumes no liability for damage re-
sulting from failure to observe these instructions. Please
note that the wiring and dimensioning of the plant, as well
as the observance of all necessary safety regulations when
laying out and installing the system are the responsibility of
the installer of the plant. These instructions do not provide
a basis for liability of Q-Cells SE. Q-Cells SE is only liable
in the context of contractual agreements or in the context of
accepted guarantees.It assumes no responsibility extending
beyond the functional capability and safety of the modules.
Please also observe the instructions for the other compo-
nents of the solar system. It may be necessary to generate
and evaluate the statics for the entire project. If your ques-
tions are not adequately addressed in these instructions,
please rst contact your system supplier. You can nd more
information at our website www.q-cells.com.
Q.CELLS CIGS solar modules allow you to directly transform
the unlimited energy provided by the sun into environmentally
friendly electrical energy.
In order to be able to completely exploit the full performance
capacity of the Q.CELLS solar modules, please read the follow-
ing instructions carefully. Failure to observe them may result in
bodily injury and property damage.
This manual only applies for installations in Europe. It pro-
vides information on safety precautions to be used during the
handling and installation of Q-Cells SE CIGS solar modules
along with technical instructions to be followed during instal-
lation, mounting, wiring and operation. This manual applies
for the installation of the following modules:
• Q.SMART
• Q.SMART UF
• Q.SMART UF L
of generation G1.3.
Installation, operation and maintenance works on a photo-
voltaic system must be carried out by qualied persons able
to carry out the technical procedures described in this man-
ual, i.e. system, installer and maintenance personnel. If you
do not possess these qualications, you may not carry out
the work described except for cleaning (Chapter 7).
Information for installers
Ensure that the solar system is set up, expanded, modied
and maintained in accordance with the requisite local and
federal laws and regulations, as well as with the generally
recognized electrical and building codes of the country in
which it will be operated.
Hand over the installation and operation manual to the
respective operator of the solar system after installation.
Inform the operator that these instructions are part of the
product and should be kept for the entire useful life of the
solar installation.
Applicable documents
Q.CELLS Application Note: PV*Sol Additional Power Boost
Q.CELLS Application Note: Grounding of Q.SMART Modules
Q.CELLS Clamp list for unframed Q.SMART Modules
Q.CELLS Packaging+Transport CIGS Modules
The documents are available on www.q-cells.com.
INSTALLATION AND OPERATION MANUAL FOR CIGS SOLAR MODULES Q-CELLS SE - EUROPE

4INSTALLATION AND OPERATION MANUAL FOR CIGS SOLAR MODULES Q-CELLS SE - EUROPE - EUROPE
2 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION Q.SMART
FIGURE 1: Exterior dimensions (in mm) and components for Q.SMART UF, Q.SMART UF L and Q.SMART
TECHNICAL DATA (you can nd additional data in the respectively valid data sheets at www.q-cells.com)
PRODUCT LINE Q.SMART UF (SL1) Q.SMART UF L (SL2) Q.SMART (SL1-F)
Type unframed unframed framed
Area [m²] 0.75 0.94 0.76
Weight [kg] 13.2 16.5 14.5
Max. system voltage Vsys [V] 1,000 1,000 1,000
Max. reverse current lR [A] 444
Junction box Protection class IP 65 with bypass
diode
Protection class IP 65 with bypass
diode
Protection class IP 65 with bypass
diode
Connector Multicontact MC4 (safe against accidental contact, reverse-polarity protected, resistant against UV radiation
and against temperatures from -40 °C to +90°C, designed for 1000 VDC and 22 A (nominal power dependent
from surrounding temperature)
Flammability rating CCC
Snow load [Pa] 2,400 2,400 5,400
Wind load [Pa] 2,400 2,400 2,400
Certicates All modules: CE, IEC 61646 (Ed. 2), IEC 61730 (Ed. 1) application class A
Q.SMART UF Q.SMART UF L Q.SMART
Components (rear view)
1 Junction box
2 Product label
3 Connection cables (+) 855
+30 / -0, (-) 735 +30 / -0 mm
4 Connectors (with + and - polarity)
5 Grounding points (only Q.SMART)
6 Drainage holes (only Q.SMART)
7 Frame (only Q.SMART)
7
66
66
55
4
2
1
3
4
2
1
3
4
2
1
3
FIGURE 2A: Module label of Q.SMART & Q.SMART UF
*STC: 1000 W/m², 25°C, AM 1.5 Spectrum. Data given are rated (nominal) values.
See the
Installation and Operating Manual by Q-Cells for further information on ap-
proved installation and use of this product.
 
Do not disconnect under load


Field wiring: Copper only, 14 AWG min.
Insulated for 90º C min.
Fire Rating Class C
Safety Class ll
Series Fuse: 4 A





     






[W]
[A]
[V]
[A]
[V]

Made in Germany


Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Germany
 [email protected]
 www.q-cells.com
®
USC
•
Certied UL1703
• No 244748
• Master Contract: 244748
FIGURE 2B: Module label of Q.SMART UF L
Q.SMART UF L 115
PERFORMANCE AT STANDARD TEST CONDITIONS*
Nominal Power (+5 W)
Measurement accuracy Pmpp*: ± 3 %
Pmpp [W] 115
Short circuit current Isc [A] 1.69
Open circuit voltage Voc [V] 95.1
Current at maximum power Impp [A] 1.54
Voltage at maximum power Vmpp [V] 74.7
Maximum system voltage Vsys [V] 1000 (IEC)
600 (CSA / UL)
Weight M [kg] 16.5
*STC: 1000 W/m², 25 °C, AM 1.5 Spectrum. Data given are rated (nominal) values.
Certied
UL 1703
(No 251746)
Series Fuse: 4 A
Field Wiring:
Copper only, 14 AWG min.
Insulated for 90 º C min.
Fire Rating Class C
DANGER!
Risk of electric shock!
DO NOT connect or
disconnect plug contacts
while system is under
load current. Refer to the
Installation and Operation
Manual before installing,
operating or servicing
this unit.
49209 G1.3
EMAIL [email protected]
WEB www.q-cells.com
ENGINEERED, DESIGNED, MANUFACTURED AND QUALITY TESTED BY Q-CELLS SE.
Made in Germany
ENGINEERED, DESIGNED AND QUALITY TESTED BY Q-CELLS SE IN GERMANY

5
3 SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
DANGER! Danger due to electric shock!
A solar module generates electricity and voltage even at a low intensity of illumination. Arc-
ing can occur when contacts in a live electrical circuit are physically disconnected. This can
result in grave or mortal injury. The severity increases when several modules are connected.
• Never disconnect plugs when under load. Ensure that the modules are rst disconnected
from the inverter prior to opening any contacts in the solar installation.
• Cover the solar modules with opaque material for the entire duration of assembly. Only then
the module is reliably de-energised.
• The regulations and safety instructions for the installation of electrical devices and systems
must be observed (see Chapter 3.3).
• In the case of module or phase voltages of more than 120 V ripple-free DC, the extra-low
voltage range is exceeded. Undertake the necessary protection and cautionary measures.
• Do not insert electrically conductive parts into the plugs and junction box. Do not touch the
contacts or exposed terminals.
• Keep children and unauthorised people away from the modules.
• In case of damaged modules or operational errors of the solar array, always contact your ins-
taller or the Q.CELLS Technical Customer Service (see Chapter 6).
WARNING! Danger of injury due to broken glass! Risk of injury due to falling modules!
The modules are primarily made of glass and must therefore be handled with appropriate cau-
tion.
• In order to ensure safe mounting, orient yourself to the national regulations for work safety
and accident prevention.
• Wear suitable protective clothing (e.g. safety shoes, protective gloves) in order to prevent
injuries.
• Protect the modules against scratches and other damage, especially from impact at the
edges or improper storage.
• Do not subject the module surfaces to mechanical stress. Do not stand on the modules. Do
not drop or place objects on the modules.
• Don‘t modify the module in any way!
• Do not open the junction box under any circumstances.
• Do not use light concentrators (e.g. mirrors or lenses) in attempting to increase the capacity
of the module. The module may be damaged. This also voids the warranty.
• Don‘t operate the modules in short circuit. Don‘t operate the modules with open terminal
voltage for more than 90 days in a row. This can result in later yield loss. Inform Q.CELLS in
written form, if the cases happens.
To prevent damage of the modules:
• Store the modules securely in cool and dry rooms. The packaging is not weather-resistant!
• Transport the module in its original packaging until installation.
• Do not stack the modules.
• Use a glass suction cup to remove and transport a module or hold the module at the edges.
Carry the module vertically over longer distances.
• Do not lift or move the module using the cables or at the junction box.
• Do not rest the module unprotected on its edges.
• Blue tape is for transportation only and must be removed directly before mounting.
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
PRODUCT PROTECTION
INSTALLATION AND OPERATION MANUAL FOR CIGS SOLAR MODULES Q-CELLS SE - EUROPE
3.1 TRANSPORT AND STORAGE
MODULE MODULE
MODULE MODULE
MODULE
MODULE MODULE
MODULE
MODULE
MODULE
MODULE
MODULE
MODULE
MODULE

6
• The modules are certied according to the norm IEC 61646 for safe operation in moderate
climates.
• The permitted module temperatures lie between -40 °C and +85 °C. Please ensure that
adequate ventilation exists below the module so that elevated module temperatures can
be avoided.
• Observe the requirements for a functional grounding depending on the installation location
(see Chapter 5.5 „Grounding“).
• Do not expose the modules to chemicals.
• Do not place the modules in standing water. The junction box is splash-proof only.
• Do not install the modules near highly ammable gases and vapors (e.g. gas containers) or
near open ame and ammable materials. Solar modules are not explosion-proof operating
equipment.
• The modules are not suitable for mobile usage or for indoor installations.
Optimal solar irradiation results in a maximum energy yield. For this reason, set up the mod-
ules so that they are facing the sun.
Avoid shading of the modules, as this has a negative impact on the energy yield. A module
is considered shade-free when it is entirely unshaded throughout the year (e.g. by buildings,
chimneys, trees). Even partial shading of the modules (e.g. by overhead lines, dirt, snow)
should be avoided (see also Chapter 7 “Cleaning and maintenance”).
Also, refer to the specications for module orientation and tilt angle (see Chapter 5.1).
4 AREA OF USAGE AND INSTALLATION LOCATION
INSTALLATION
LOCATION
AVOIDANCE OF
SHADING
INSTALLATION AND OPERATION MANUAL FOR CIGS SOLAR MODULES Q-CELLS SE - EUROPE
MODULE

7
WARNING! Damaged module components may cause risk of re hazard!
• Only install undamaged solar modules.
• Ensure that the junction box, cable and connectors are undamaged prior to installation.
• Do not open the junction box under any circumstances.
• Always store the solar modules securely in a dry place. The packaging is not weather-
resistant!
• The voltage of a module is higher at lower temperatures and / or higher irradiation than the
Standard Test Conditions (25 °C, 1000 W/m²). This must be considered so that the overall
voltage of the module strings does not exceed 1000 VDC (according to IEC 61646 / IEC
61730 standard) or 600 VDC (according to UL 1703 standard).
• Observe the requirement of functional grounding depending on the installation location
(see Chapter 5.5 “Grounding”).
• Integrate the solar system in the existing lightning protection system, in accordance with
the local regulations.
• Ensure that the operating voltage ranges of all connected system components include the Maxi-
mum Power Point (MPP) and that the components can always follow the MPP of the generator.
• Ensure that all electrical system components are licensed for the maximum operating voltage
of the PV generator.
• Do not install or perform maintenance the modules in strong wind or rain. We recommend
that mounting and installation only be performed in dry weather.
• During mounting on buildings, there is a danger that tools, mounting materials or solar
modules can fall and injure people. Block off the danger area on the ground before begin-
ning the assembly work.
• Warn people near the danger area or in the building. Keep children away from the instal-
lation site.
• Carry out wiring work in such a way that people are not endangered and that no damage
can occur.
• Protect all parts of the module during transport and installation from mechanical stresses
(e.g. from pressure, tension, torsional stress). Ensure that the bend radius of the connec-
tion cables is kept greater than 60 mm at all times.
• The solar modules, especially the connectors and tools, must be dry during installation.
In order to ensure safe mounting, familiarise yourself with the national regulations for work
safety and accident prevention.
The regulations and safety instructions applicable for the installation of electrical devices and
systems must be observed.
Also observe valid regulations and safety instructions concerning the re protection classica-
tion for rooftop installations. The module belongs to re protection class C.
Please take the Additional Power Boost of Q.SMART modules into account. Due to the posi-
tive sorting and the light soaking effect, the actual power of a Q.SMART module can differ
from the nominal values stated on the data sheets.
Please refer to the Application Notes for PV*Sol and PV Syst on www.q-cells.com.
5 LAYOUT, ASSEMBLY AND INSTALLATION
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
WORK SAFETY
REGULATIONS
FIRE PROTECTION
YIELD SIMULATION
INSTALLATION AND OPERATION MANUAL FOR CIGS SOLAR MODULES Q-CELLS SE - EUROPE

8INSTALLATION AND OPERATION MANUAL FOR CIGS SOLAR MODULES Q-CELLS SE - EUROPE
5.1 MOUNTING VARIANTS
Please refer to the Q.CELLS clamp list regarding:
• approved mounting variants,
• approved clamps.
Only apply approved mounting variants and approved clamps for the installation.
The clamp list is available on www.q-cells.com.
With the point support, the mdule must not have contact with the subconstruction. The module
shall be supported by the clamp only. Please take into account that a module can bend up
to 15 mm under a snow load of 2400 Pa. The module glas must not have contact to under-
construction at any time.
With linear support, the modules lie along the lateral sides on the substructure. When using
this mounting variant, place a silicone-free rubber support plate between the substructure and
the clamps.
CAUTION! Incorrect orientation of the module may cause risk of re hazard!
• The modules may be installed in landscape or portrait format.
• Install the module in such a way that the junction box is positioned in the upper area of
the module and the wires hang downwards.
• Ensure that the drainage openings of the frame are left open following installation to allow
water runoff. This prevents frost damage.
• Install the modules with a minimum tilt angle of 3° and a maximum tilt angle of 75°.
Facade installations are not allowed.
• For installations with a tilt angle < 20°, regularly check for dirt built up (soiling, bird drop-
pings, etc.). Rain should help to remove soiled areas, though regular cleaning is recom-
mended for all installations (see Chapter 7 “Cleaning and maintenance”).
• Install the module in such a way that rainwater and snowmelt can run off freely to avoid
standing water or puddling.
• The optimal tilt angle of the module depends on the respective latitude. We recommend
a photovoltaics simulation tool to ensure the optimal orientation.
MOUNTING VARIANTS
AND CLAMPS
SPECIFICATIONS FOR
POINT SUPPORT
SPECIFICATIONS FOR
LINEAR SUPPORT
MODULE ORIENTATION
AND TILT ANGLE
MODULE

9
Framed Q.SMART modules are designed for wind loads up to 2400 Pa and snow loads up to
5400 Pa.
Unframed Q.SMART modules are designed for wind and sbnow loads up to 2400 Pa.
Install the module to a mounting structure:
• that corresponds to the necessary statics and the local snow and wind loads.
• that is correctly fastened in the ground or on the roof.
• that can transfer forces on the module to the assembly substructure.
• that ensures that no mechanical stresses (e.g. caused by vibrations, twisting or expansion)
are generated on the module. Take into account the different thermal expansion properties
of the applied materials.
• that at least 100 mm of air space are between module back side and the outer surface of
the roof to allow for sufcient ventilation.
• that ensures long term stability.
• that will not give rise to galvanic corrosion in case of direct metal contact (i.e. grounding
lead, screws, washers, etc.)
• that allows for strain-free expansion and contraction due to natural ambient temperature
variations.
Clamps and rail system must be constructed as a coordinated unit.
To ensure a long-term stability of the solar modules:
• Install the module according to the mounting variants and the dened clamp areas.
Please refer to the Q.CELLS clamp list. Noncompliance with the clamp list regarding
dened mounting variants, clamp positions and approved clamps can lead to module
breakage and loss of safety class II.
• Ensure that the module cannot bend or twist more than 3 mm/m (without additional load
such as wind, snow, etc.). That means, that the differenc between two points of the module
must not exceed 3 mm/m. Observe the technical rules for point or linear supported glazing.
• Position the module planar.
• Install the modules with a minumum distance of 10 mm to each other.
• Use all fastening points and avoid direct contact between the glass and metal (e.g.
mounting rails).
• Ensure, that the rubber support of the mounting structure rest solidly and do not shift.
• Depending upon the local wind and snow load, and the angle of inclination, we recom-
mend attaching non-slip safeguards to and spacers between the modules. This accounts
for portrait format installations in particular.
WIND / SNOW LOAD
MOUNTING STRUCTURE
MODULE FASTENING
INSTALLATION AND OPERATION MANUAL FOR CIGS SOLAR MODULES Q-CELLS SE - EUROPE

10
Only install clamp systems approved by Q.CELLS. Failure to do so will void the warranty. The
list is available on www.q-cells.com.
Upon request, Q.CELLS can test clamp systems for approved use.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR FASTENING THE CLAMP SYSTEM:
• Ensure that the threaded connections do not generate extra stress on the module. The
modules must be positioned “oating”.
• Don’t attach the metal clamps directly to the glass. Use a suitable, silicone-free rubber
support between the module and the substructure or clamps.
• Adjust the clamp height to the module thickness.
• Ensure that the clamps have a width of ≥ 100 mm.
• Ensure that the clamps do not throw shadows onto the active cells. The distance from the
glass edge to the rst active cell is 18.5 mm (Figure 3).
• Ensure that clamps overlap the glass edge (Figure 3):
· 10 mm to 15 mm on the top side of the module
· 12 - 16 mm on the module back side
These specications also apply for the support of support longitudinal.
• Ensure a minimum gap of > 1 mm between the glass edge and inner side of the clamp at
25 °C (Figure 3) to allow for thermal expansion of the module.
• Lock the clamp into position by fastening the screw to the material-dened limit-point.
CLAMP SYSTEMS
5.2 MECHANICAL ASSEMBLY - UNFRAMED MODULES
INSTALLATION AND OPERATION MANUAL FOR CIGS SOLAR MODULES Q-CELLS SE - EUROPE
FIGURE 3: Clamp overlap of glass edge on the module top side (10-15 mm) and module back side (12 - 16 mm),
distance between glass edge and inner side of clamps (> 1 mm)
1 Clamp (schematic)
2 Rubber
3 Glass (module top side)
4 Glass (module underside)
5 Active area
10–15
12 - 16
16.5
7.3 ± 0.5
> 1
2
1
3
45

11
Fasten the module with 4 clamps each and a recommended torque of 18 Nm to the rails. If the
information of the clamp manufacturer differs from this recommendation, the values of the clamp
manufacturer are to be used.
The framed module Q.SMART can be installed with commonly available clamp systems that sat-
isfy the following conditions.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE CLAMP SYSTEM:
• Clamp width: ≥ 60 mm
• Clamp height corresponding to 36 mm frame height (Figure 4)
• Clamp depth: 7 -12 mm (Figure 4)
• Clamp area (clamp depth x clamp width): ≥ 600 mm²
• Clamps that comply to the local statics requirements
• Clamps that ensure longevity and secure, long-term fastening of the modules
CLAMP SYSTEMS
FIGURE 4: Frame prole with clamp height and depth in mm.
5.3 MECHANICAL MOUNTING - FRAMED MODULES
INSTALLATION AND OPERATION MANUAL FOR CIGS SOLAR MODULES Q-CELLS SE - EUROPE
1 Clamp height
2 Clamp
3 Clamp depth
4 Module frame
5 Glass (module top side)
6 Glass (module underside)
7 Active area
4
5
7–12
3
6 7
1
+ 0.8
36 – 0.3
2

12 INSTALLATION AND OPERATION MANUAL FOR CIGS SOLAR MODULES Q-CELLS SE - EUROPE
5.4 ELECTRICAL LAYOUT
YOU CAN FIND THE DETAILED ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS IN THE PRODUCT DATA SHEET.
Only connect modules of the same type and the same power class. This is the only way to
achieve optimal yields.
It may occur during normal operation that the module provides a greater current and / or a higher
voltage than that determined under standardized test conditions.
Apply a safety factor of 1,25 for Isc and Voc for::
• the identication of the rated voltage value of the used system components,
• the identication of the rated power value of the cables,
• the size of the fuses as well as the design of the controls.
Alternatively, the respectively valid national regulations for the installation of electrical systems
are to be used.
• Only connect modules of the same power class.
• When planning the system design, take into account the relative power increase of UOC and
UMPP (Addition al Power Boost). This is typically +5 % due to positive sorting and 215 kWh/
m² light soaking.
• A series connection of modules is only permitted up to the maximum system voltage speci-
ed in the respective data sheet revision.
• Carry out the layout taking into account all working conditions and relevant technical regu-
lations and standards. In this way you ensure that the maximum system voltage, including
the necessary safety supplements are not exceeded.
• Also take the voltage limitation of the inverter into account when laying out the string length.
Only connect modules of the same type and voltage class.
Do not exceed the maximum permissible reverse current as given in the respective data sheet. In
the event of reverse currents (caused by module defects, ground leakage or shading), modules
can be placed under strain.
In order to safely account for reverse currents, we recommend the following fuse variants:
1) LAYOUT WITH LIMITATION OF THE NUMBER OF PARALLEL CONNECTED STRINGS : Without further
measures for current limitation, only a maximum of 3 strings of modules may be operated
parallel on an inverter or on a MPP tracker.
2) LAYOUT WITH STRING DIODES : When more than 3 strings are connected parallel, a maximum
of 3 strings respectively must be protected against reverse currents from the remaining system
with a shared string diode.
3) LAYOUT WITH STRING FUSES : In this case, each string of modules must be be protected with
4 A on the plus and minus sides.
BEWARE! When installing modules from different product revisions, comply to the minimum
permissible limitation of the product revisions used.
MODULE SELECTION
SAFETY FACTOR
SERIES CONNECTION
REVERSE CURRENT

13
The choice of inverter depends on the country of the installation (see table 1):
• In countries where functional grounding is not required: inverters with or without transfor-
mers can be used.
• In countries where functional grounding is required, or when a system is installed within 500
meters from the coastline, or when the module is integrated into the roof (i.e. BIPV): inverters
with galvanically isolated transformers must be used.
Irrespective of the installation country, please follow the instructions for the use of inverters
with transformators as provided in the following section „Functional grounding.“ Also, refer to
the specication and instructions as provided by the inverter manufacturer.
Install a functional grounding to the DC side of the solar array, when:
• you install in a country where functional grounding is required according to table 1.
• you install within 500 m from the coastline.
INVERTER
FUNCTIONAL GROUNDING
INSTALLATION AND OPERATION MANUAL FOR CIGS SOLAR MODULES Q-CELLS SE - EUROPE
5.5 GROUNDING
INSTALLATION SITE GROUNDING RECOMMENDATION Q.SMART, Q.SMART UF, Q.SMART UF L
COUNTRIES WITHOUT GROUN-
DING REQUIREMENTS
(Belarus, Belgium, Denmark,
Croatia, Czech Republic, Germa-
ny, Estonia, Finland, France,
Great Britain, Hungary, Iceland,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg,
Moldova, The Netherlands, Nor-
way, Austria, Poland, Romania,
Sweden, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Switzerland, Ukraine)
• No grounding required. Inverters with or without transformators can be used.
• Exception „BIPV installations“: The grounding recommendations for „Countries
with Grounding Requirements“ apply.
• Exception „installation within 500 m of coastline“: The grounding recommen-
dations for „Countries with Grounding Requirements“ apply.
COUNTRIES WITH GROUNDING
REQUIREMENTS
(Albania, Andorra, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Greece,
Italy, Kazakhstan, Malta, Mace-
donia, Monaco, Montenegro,
Portugal, Russia, San Marino,
Serbia, Spain, Turkey, Vatican
City, overseas countries and
territories as well as outermost
regions of the EU)
• Functional grounding over a resistor (min. 35kΩ) to limit ground fault current to
30 mA (e.g.: Fronius IG Plus with resistive grounding kit, Danfoss Unilynx with
grounding kit).
• Disconnection of the PV system from the inverter when ground fault currents
exceed 50 mA for a length of time of 0.4 sec. (e.g.: Bender RCMA420, DOLD IP
5883).
• Use of inverter with ying inductor topologies without negative potentials at the
generator poles (e.g.: Sunways AT).
• Use of inverter with quiet-rail topologies whereby the string potential is ensured
not to be negative (e.g.: Voltwerk VS with 6 modules per string).
•FramedQ.SMARTmodules only: Functional grounding with grounding kit of in-
verter manufacturer possible (hard grounding)
SPECIAL CASE:
THE PV SYSTEM IS FENCED OFF
(electrical operating room)
• Countries where functional grounding is not required: inverters with or without
transformers can be used.
• Countries where functional grounding is required: Functional grounding is requi-
red. The grounding requirements of the row “Countries with grounding require-
ments” apply. In this special case, hard grounding is permitted for all module
types.
TABLE 1 : Grounding and inverter recommendations based on country of installation and Q.SMART series module type

14 INSTALLATION AND OPERATION MANUAL FOR CIGS SOLAR MODULES Q-CELLS SE - EUROPE
Ensure that the following requirements for a functional grounding are met:
• The negative pole of the solar module array is to be connected to ground.
• By using a framed Q.SMART module a hard grounding is only permitted when this is in
accordance with local regulations and abides by the requirements of the respective inverter
manufacturer.
• A resistor is used which is rated for the expected power (P=U²/R).
• A maximum of 150 module strings in the module array can be connected to the inverter.
• Only inverters are used for which the manufacturer provides a ground kit complying with the
above provisions.
• It must be ensured that the PV modules have no negative potential with respect to the ground
potential.
• Do not connect the modules to system with positive grounding or central point grounding.
If it is essential to functionally ground a PV generator as a result of our specications or local
regulations, the grounded conductor should be monitored by a safety device to ensure that:
a) ground fault currents > 30 mA are prevented (e.g. by installing a > 35 kΩ resistor for a
1000 VDC maximum-voltage system) or
b) ground fault currents > 50 mA don‘t exceed a length of time of 0.4 s are detectable and
preventable with certainty.
A simple ground fault safety device must not be used..
Specications for topologies:
• Transformerless inverters with ying inductor topologies, on which the negative pole of the PV
generator is permanently grounded, can be used anywhere with Q.SMART modules.
• Transformerless inverters with quiet-rail topology, on which the potential of the negative
generator pole can be xed to positive values by appropriate selection of the string voltage,
can be used anywhere with Q.SMART modules. In regions requiring functional grounding,
the system potentials are to be measured at the time of start-up. It is permissible to operate
the system only when the negative generator pole has a positive potential with respect to PE.
Note: Further information regarding functional grounding and drawings with exemplary wiring
diagrams can be found in the annex.
Ground each of the framed modules with Parker screws (according to DIN 7981, material: A2,
size: 4.2 mm x 16 mm) to the grounding points indicated in Figure 1. Attach the screw as
shown in Figure 5.
FIGURE 5: Attachment of the grounding
FUNCTIONAL GROUNDING
SAFETY BONDING
1
2
3
4
1
1 Stainless Parker screw
2 Stainless washer (cable lug)
3 Stainless serrated lock washer
4 Module frame

15
DANGER! Life danger due to electric shock and re!
When disconnecting a DC circuit, electric arcs can occur that can result in dangerous injuries.
• Carry out work on the inverter and the electrical cables with extreme caution.
• Never disconnect the plug when under load.
• Ensure that the modules are disconnected at the inverter prior to disconnection from one
another.
• Be absolutely certain to observe the time intervals specied by the manufacturer after
switching off the inverter and prior to starting subsequent work such that the energised
components can be discharged.
• Cover the module for the duration of the assembly with opaque material. Only then is the
module reliably de-energised.
• Never touch live contacts with your bare hands. Use only insulated, dry tools for the instal-
lation.
• Pay attention to the correct polarity when connecting. The connectors are labelled with plus
for the positive terminal and minus for the negative terminal.
• Ensure that the open circuit voltage of the modules don‘t exceed the maximum permitted
system voltage of 1000 VDC.
• Do not open the junction box under any circumstances. The bypass diode must not be
removed.
Observe the following when selecting and using electrical cables and connectors:
• Only use solar cables and insulated, compatible connectors. Q.SMART modules uses MC4
connectors.
• Only use additional components which are compatible with the modules and its electrical
specications.
• Ensure that all electrical components are in a undamaged, dry and safe condition. In this
way you avoid that electrical short-circuits or dangerous contact voltages occur due to de-
fective or damaged cables.
• Always avoid the mechanical stressing of the electrical cables.
• Ensure a tight connection between the individual connectors (especially to the inverter).
Make sure they click together properly.
Upon completion of the installation, ensure that:
• the wiring is protected from dirt and moisture.
• the plug connections do not lie on a water-channeling surface and are properly connected.
• all necessary safety and functional tests have been carried out according to the current
state of technology.
DANGER! Life danger due to electric shock! Damaged module components may cause risk of re
hazard!
• Please do not attempt to correct problems on your own!
• In case of problems or damaged modules (e.g. glass breakage, damaged cables) please
contact your installer immediately. The installer must ensure that the module is removed
from the system as soon as possible.
5.6 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
ELECTRICAL CABLES
AND CONNECTORS
AFTER COMPLETION
OF INSTALLATION
6 TROUBLESHOOTING
INSTALLATION AND OPERATION MANUAL FOR CIGS SOLAR MODULES Q-CELLS SE - EUROPE

16 INSTALLATION AND OPERATION MANUAL FOR CIGS SOLAR MODULES Q-CELLS SE - EUROPE
7 CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE
Q.CELLS CIGS modules are built to last and require minimal maintenance. Light dirt is
typically washed away by rain. However, rain may not adequately clear more stubborn grime
(i.e. pollen, vegetation, bird droppings, etc.). Such soiling which shades the active area of the
module can lead to a reduction in the system‘s performance.
WARNING! Danger of injury from heated and live modules!
Only clean the modules when the module temperature lies between 10 °C and 30 °C, e.g. in
the early morning or late evening. Do not wear electrically conductive parts. Don’t clean dam-
aged modules. This can cause an electric shock.
WARNING! Risk of falling during maintenance of roof installations and building-integrated installations!
Never enter the installation area alone and unsecured. We recommend commissioning a spe-
cialist company to perform this work. Consult your installer on location.
As the operator, you should regularly remove dirt built up from the modules. In addition to the
safety instructions and chapter 3, observe the following points:
• Never step on the modules. Do not subject the modules to mechanical stress.
• Avoid cleaning with water when there is a danger of frost and strong temperature
differences between the module, water and air.
• Hard water used as a cleaning agent should be decalcied beforehand in order to avoid
water staining. Remove any standing water from the module.
• Do not use abrasive detergents or surface-active agents (e.g. soap). Do not scratch dirt off.
This can damage the surface of the module.
Modules must not be covered by snow or ice for a longer period.
Only remove snow and ice without exerting force (e.g. with a broom).
Proceed as follows to remove dirt from the topofthemodule:
1. Rinse coarse dirt (dust, leaves, etc.) from the module with lukewarm water.
2. Moisten stubborn stains and remove them carefully.
Use lukewarm water and a soft cloth or sponge. Don’t put the modules under water. If neces-If neces-
sary, it is possible to use isopropanol (IPA) selectively. Follow the safety instructions on the
IPA packaging. Ensure that the IPA does not run off between the module and the frame or into
the module edges.
Free the substructure of dirt (leaves, bird nests, etc.). In the case of ground-mounted instal-
lations, we recommend regularly trimming of the vegetation order to avoid partial shading. Be
sure to pay attention to the cables and stones.
The solar system should be inspected annually by a specialist installer for:
• secure fastening and corrosion-free system components
• secure connection, cleanliness and integrity of all electrical components
• the contact resistances of the grounding.
Do not decommission the module on your own. Commission a specialist company for this
purpose. Q.CELLS is a member of the European PV Cycle Association and accepts our product
responsibility. You can give back modules of Q-Cells SE and allow them to be processed within
the PV Cycle member states. More information can be found at www.pvcycle.com.
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
CLEANING
MAINTENANCE
8 DECOMMISSIONING AND RECYCLING

CONTACT
Q-CELLS SE
OT Thalheim
Sonnenallee 17–21
06766 Bitterfeld-Wolfen
Germany
TEL [phone] - 0
FAX [phone] - 199
EMAIL [email protected]
WEB www.q-cells.com
Subject to change. © Q-Cells SE Installation and operation manual CIGS modules G1.3_Europe_EN_2012-04_03