Qorvo QPE6105A User manual
QPE6105A
FCC Certification Guide –Bluetooth™Low Energy Mode
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Introduction
This document provides a guideline for the execution of the FCC radio certification tests of Zigbee / Matter™/
Bluetooth Low Energy modules using QPG6105 chips. This document focusses on Bluetooth Low Energy
mode certification for the FCC regulatory domain.
At start of the radio certification test the applicable PHY (BLE) can be selected in the Radio Control Console
software [1].
This document is based on, and aligned with, the technical requirements given in CFR 47 PART 15, Section
15.247 “Operation within the bands 902 - 928 MHz, 2400 - 2483.5 MHz, and 5725 - 5850 MHz”.
Table of Contents
Introduction...................................................................................................................................................... 1
1Device under Test (DUT)......................................................................................................................... 2
2
Block Diagrams and Functional Description............................................................................................ 3
2.1 General Description.......................................................................................................................... 3
2.2 Power Regulation............................................................................................................................. 3
2.3 Frequency Synthesis and Modulation.............................................................................................. 3
2.4 RF Interface...................................................................................................................................... 3
3
Radio Information .................................................................................................................................... 4
3.1 Applicable Standard......................................................................................................................... 4
3.2 Duty Cycle Correction Spurious Emission According Section 15.35(c)........................................... 4
3.3 Bluetooth Low Energy Duty Cycle Correction Factor....................................................................... 5
3.3.1
Application limited ....................................................................................................................... 5
3.3.2
TX Frequency Domain Duty Cycle / Spreading.......................................................................... 5
3.3.3
Summary FCC Duty Cycle Correction ........................................................................................ 5
3.4 Measurement of Radiated Emissions at the Band Edge ................................................................. 5
3.5 Bluetooth Low Energy Frequency Range ........................................................................................ 5
3.6 Frequency Generation Scheme ....................................................................................................... 5
3.6.1
TX mode...................................................................................................................................... 5
3.6.2
RX mode ..................................................................................................................................... 5
3.7 Radio Frequency Radiation Exposure Evaluation ........................................................................... 6
4
Operating Manual.................................................................................................................................... 7
4.1 System Setup................................................................................................................................... 7
4.2 Quick Start Guide for Terminal Emulator ....................................................................................... 10
5
RF Testing ............................................................................................................................................. 11
5.1 Select the PHY Mode..................................................................................................................... 11
5.2 Select RF Port/Antenna ................................................................................................................. 11
5.3 Set-Up Procedure for TX Modes.................................................................................................... 11
5.3.1
Configure Board Support Package ........................................................................................... 11
5.3.2
Select Output Power Level........................................................................................................ 11
5.3.3
Select RF Channel.................................................................................................................... 11
5.3.4
Select BLE Data Rate............................................................................................................... 11
5.3.5
Turn TX on, (Un-)modulated CW.............................................................................................. 12
5.4 Transmit Packets............................................................................................................................ 12
5.4.1
BLE Test Packet ....................................................................................................................... 12
5.4.2
BLE Packet Length ................................................................................................................... 12
5.4.3
Transmit Packets ...................................................................................................................... 12
5.5 Set-up Procedure for RX Mode...................................................................................................... 13
5.5.1
Select RF Channel.................................................................................................................... 13
5.5.2
Turn RX On............................................................................................................................... 13
5.5.3
Print Packets Sent/Received in BLE Mode............................................................................... 13
References .................................................................................................................................................... 14
Abbreviations................................................................................................................................................. 14
Important Notice ............................................................................................................................................ 15
Document History .......................................................................................................................................... 15
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FCC Certification Guide –Bluetooth™ Low Energy Mode
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1 Device under Test (DUT)
This certification guide has been customized for the following product:
Type: QPE6105A
Model: 19644_QPE6105a_Module
H/W Revision:0.60 onwards
S/W Revision: PTC_QPG6105_10DBM_CFG_B_v1.9.0.0.dll
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FCC Certification Guide –Bluetooth™ Low Energy Mode
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2
Block Diagrams and Functional Description
Figure 1: RF Block Diagram of the QPG6105 Chip
Figure 2: RF Block Diagram of the QPE6105A Module with one Embedded Antenna and
one Antenna Pin
2.1 General Description
The QPG6105 chip is an IEEE 802.15.4 / Bluetooth Low Energy Multi-Protocol Multi-Channel
Communications Controller for ultra-low power wireless. It is compliant with the IEEE Standard 802.15.4 for
Zigbee, and the Bluetooth Core Specification version 5.3 for Bluetooth Low Energy.
2.2 Power Regulation
The QPG6105 chip has an integrated power management system using a Global Low Dropout Regulator
(GLDO). This generates an internal 1.8 V power supply. The internal 1.8 V power rail is used to supply
separate local LDO regulators feeding RF/analog and digital blocks. The local LDOs used to supply
RF/analog blocks are specially designed to have high power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) to suppress the
supply ripples.
In case the external supply voltage is too low to deliver the 1.8V internal supply voltage, the QPG6105 chip
will reset and consequently stop all RF communication. This means that RF frequency and RF modulation
will be independent from the supply voltage.
2.3 Frequency Synthesis and Modulation
The QPG6105 chip uses a FLL circuit with a VCO operating at 2 times of the transmit frequency. The VCO
is directly modulated by a Digital Signal Processor (DSP). The modulation is fully compatible with Offset
QuadraturePhase-Shift Keying (O-QPSK) and MSK modulation as used by Bluetooth Low Energy.
The receiver uses a low Intermediate Frequency (IF) scheme, where the IF frequency is 2 MHz.
The formula to calculate the VCO frequency in RX mode can be found in section 3.6.2.
2.4 RF Interface
The QPE6105A module has two RF outputs: RF1 and RF2. Both RF ports are bidirectional and will be used
for both transmit (TX) and receive (RX) mode. The antenna ports outputs are 50 Ω single ended. Only one
antenna is used for RX or TX at the time (i.e., not supporting MIMO). Antenna Diversity is supported in
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FCC Certification Guide –Bluetooth™ Low Energy Mode
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RX mode.
3
Radio Information
3.1 Applicable Standard
CFR 47 PART 15, § 15.247 - Operation within the bands 902 –928 MHz, 2400 - 2483.5 MHz, and 5725 -
5850 MHz. See reference [11].
For spurious emissions § 15.247 is calling § 15.205 “Restricted bands of operation” and § 15.209 “Radiated
emission limits; general requirements”.
Please mind that § 15.209 (d) states: “… the frequency bands 9-90 kHz, 110-490 kHz and above 1000 MHz.
Radiated emission limits in these three bands are based on measurements employing an average detector.”
Averaging can be done by choosing a narrow video bandwidth setting on the spectrum analyzer or by
averaging multiple traces.
3.2 Duty Cycle Correction Spurious Emission According Section 15.35(c)
Section 15.35 (c) states: “Unless otherwise specified, [...], when the radiated emission limits are expressed
in terms of the average value of the emission, and pulsed operation is employed, the measurement field
strength shall be determined by averaging over one complete pulse train, including blanking intervals, as
long as the pulse train does not exceed 0.1 seconds. As an alternative (provided the transmitter operates
for longer than 0.1 seconds) or in cases where the pulse train exceeds 0.1 seconds, the measured field
strength shall be determined from the average absolute voltage during a 0.1 second interval during which
the field strength is at its maximum value. The exact method of calculating the average field strength shall
be submitted with any application for certification or shall be retained in the measurement data file for
equipment subject to Supplier's Declaration of Conformity.”
Details on applying duty cycle correction can be found in reference [12], in the “Frequently Asked Questions”
section at “Question 3”, “Answer 3 (c)”;
“Taking a RMS average measurement while EUT is transmitting continuously, i.e., greater than 98%, and
correcting for operational duty cycle –When greater than 98% duty cycle is achieved for testing purposes,
applying average measurement techniques (e.g., average detector / reduced VBW) then adjusting for the
protocol limited duty factor to determine the average emission is acceptable. If the EUT supports more
than operational duty cycle the worst-case value should be used, i.e., the highest operational duty cycle.
This measurement refers to spectrum analyzer settings 11.12.2.5.1 (Trace averaging with continuous EUT
transmissions at full power) in ANSI C63.10.”
See also reference [13].
This answer explains that duty cycle correction of average spurious emissions for protocol limited devices
is allowed under the condition that the average spurious emissions are measured with a continuous wave
signal.
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FCC Certification Guide –Bluetooth™ Low Energy Mode
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3.3 Bluetooth Low Energy Duty Cycle Correction Factor
3.3.1
Application limited
The maximum BLE TX duty cycle is application dependent. The maximum duty cycle is measured over a
100 ms observation interval.
If the application limits the duty cycle in a 100 ms interval to e.g., 10%, the correction factor for the average
spurious emission field strength becomes:
Correction factor is 20 * LOG (0.10) = -20 dB.
3.3.2
TX Frequency Domain Duty Cycle / Spreading
According to the Bluetooth Core specification, the minimum number of RF channels to maintain a BLE
connection is 2. Consequently, if the connection interval is ≤ 50 ms, the RF energy in a 100 ms observation
period will be spread over at least 2 physical RF channels. The channel separation is N * 2 MHz (N = 1, 2,
3…) which is larger than the 1 MHz RBW filter that should be used according to the FCC.
Correction factor is 20 * LOG (0.5) = -6 dB.
3.3.3
Summary FCC Duty Cycle Correction
IF connection interval is ≤ 50 ms the frequency spreading provides -6 dB duty cycle correction.
The maximum duty cycle in Application Mode, combined with the frequency domain spreading, results in a
total correction factor, in this example:
Total correction factor is -20 dB + -6 dB = -26 dB.
FCC rules limits the correction factor to -20 dB.
3.4 Measurement of Radiated Emissions at the Band Edge
To measure the band edge spurious emissions, please refer to the guidelines in FCC Publication 558074
[12].
NOTE: according to Bluetooth Core Specification, 2 Mbit/s is not used on the advertisement channels. This
implies that the data rate on 2402 MHz, 2426 MHz and 2480 MHz is 1 Mbit/s.
3.5 Bluetooth Low Energy Frequency Range
The BLE PHY supports 40 channels, these channels follow the BLE standard channel numbering.
These RF channels have center frequencies 2402 + k * 2 MHz, where k = 0 … 39.
“k” is the channel number.
The lowest RF frequency with k= 0 is 2402 MHz, the highest RF frequency with k= 39 is 2480 MHz.
3.6 Frequency Generation Scheme
3.6.1
TX mode
The local oscillator operates on 2 times the TX frequency. The local oscillator is directly modulated.
3.6.2
RX mode
The local oscillator operates on (Fo + 2) * 2, where Fo is the frequency of the RF channel [MHz].
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3.7 Radio Frequency Radiation Exposure Evaluation
The applicable FCC sections are:
•
CFR 47 Part 2 - § 2.1091 - Radiofrequency radiation exposure evaluation: mobile devices.
•
CFR 47 Part 1 - § 1.1310 - Radiofrequency radiation exposure limits.
The DUT is classified as a mobile device, so the applicable distance for the radiation exposure evaluation
is 20 cm (0.2 m) and the limit is 1 mW/cm2. Please find below an example on calculating the power density.
The default Tx power level is 10 dBm, the peak antenna gain is -3 dBi.
Antenna pattern, see ref [4]
(equal for both antennas)
= @ 0.2 m distance
Note: limit of Power Density: 1 mW/cm2.
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FCC Certification Guide –Bluetooth™ Low Energy Mode
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4
Operating Manual
4.1 System Setup
Test software allowing control of the radio is distributed via Radio Control Software packages [1] [2]. These
packages consist of a Radio Control Console (RCC) PC application and Product Test Component (PTC)
firmware binaries. Below figure shows the high-level overview of the system.
Figure 3: System Setup
The physical interface in-between the RCC application and the PTC firmware is a UART link. The UART pin
mapping options are described in the PTC release notes.
The PTC firmware [2] should be flashed into the processor of the DUT. The RCC application can be started
by means of the RadioConsoleControl.exe executable.
Figure 4: QPE6105A Module on Radio Adaptor Board
QPE6105A
FCC Certification Guide –Bluetooth™ Low Energy Mode
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Figure 6: Connecting Power Supply and UART Interface on Radio Adaptor Board
Connecting power supply and UART interface on adaptor board:
Commands
Descriptions
JP1
UFL connector for ANT_RF1
J1 pin 1, 39
GND
J2 pin 2, 20, 32, 34, 36, 38
GND
J2 pin 21
J2 GPIO9 UART TX, Data from target to the tester
J2 pin 23
J2 GPIO8 UART RX, Data from tester to the target
J1 pin 40
VDD 1.8 ~ 3.6 V; nominal voltage is 3.0V
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FCC Certification Guide –Bluetooth™ Low Energy Mode
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4.2 Quick Start Guide for Terminal Emulator
The commands required to perform the Certification Test are listed in Table 1 below. For information on the
full command set of this application, see [1]
At the start of the test the intended PHY needs to be selected. Please use the “PHY” command to
do this.
NOTE: In case of issues (e.g., non-responsive device) please repeat the power up cycle.
Table 1: Radio Control Console Command Set
Commands
Descriptions
H
Show Help on all possible commands.
PHY BLE/RF4CE
Select the BLE or RF4CE (Zigbee) PHY.
I
Print (display) the current settings/state of the chip.
AN 0
Select antenna port 0.
CH 20
Set channel to channel 20, channel 0 to 39 can be selected.
W 10
Set TX power to 10 dBm. Supported values of parameters: 10 to
-24 in steps of 1 dB.
CW U
Configure DUT to send Continuous Unmodulated Wave.
CW M
Configure DUT to send Continuous Modulated Wave.
SETCW ON/OFF
Start/stop Continuous Wave (CW) transmission.
RX ON/OFF
Switch receiver ON or OFF.
P
Show packet statistics.
R
Reset packet statistics.
TX <number> <interval>
<length> ON/OFF
Transmit packets with payload.
PACKETLENGTH <number>
Set packet length in bytes.
In BLE Mode the maximum packet payload is 241 bytes.
BLETESTPACKET <number>
Defines the BLE test packet type to be used in Direct Test Mode
Transmit.
BLEDATARATE <number>
Select the PHY BLE datarate (1 Mbit/s / 2 Mbit/s).
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5
RF Testing
Devices for certification tests are loaded with PTC software. With this software, it is possible to perform all
radio tests. Detailed instructions on how to use all the features of this software can be found in [1].
5.1 Select the PHY Mode
Make sure that BLE mode is selected:
PHY BLE (select BLE)
5.2 Select RF Port/Antenna
AN 0 (select RF1 port)
AN 1 (select RF2 port)
In the case of differential mode PTC version, as used with a symmetrical dipole antenna, the AN command
is ignored.
5.3 Set-Up Procedure for TX Modes
5.3.1
Configure Board Support Package
WR 0x008e 0x007
It is recommended to copy & paste the command in the Console window.
To verify if the correct data is written, the following command can be used:
RR 0x008e will display content of register 0x008e.
5.3.2
Select Output Power Level
W10 (set power to 10 dBm)
NOTE: The default setting for output power is +10 dBm which is also the default setting for FCC certification.
5.3.3
Select RF Channel
CH 0 (low channel, 1 Mbit/s only)
CH 20 (mid channel)
CH 39 (high channel, 1 Mbit/s only)
Enter “I” at the console to verify if the DUT has changed the RF channel.
5.3.4
Select BLE Data Rate
BLEDATARATE 1M (select 1 Mbit/s)
BLEDATARATE 2M (select 2 Mbit/s)
!NOTE: on the primary BLE advertisement channels the Bluetooth Core Specification limits PHY data
rate to 1 Mbit/s.
The advertisement channels are: 2402 MHz, 2426 MHz and 2480 MHz. Please take this in consideration
when performing FCC band-edge testing (do not select a 2 Mbit/s data rate on any advertisement channel).
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5.3.5
Turn TX on, (Un-)modulated CW
CW U (select unmodulated CW)
CW M (select modulated CW)
SETCW ON (set continuous wave to “ON”)
SETCW OFF (set continuous wave to “OFF)
5.4 Transmit Packets
For selecting the BLE data rate, see section 5.3.4.
5.4.1
BLE Test Packet
BLETESTPACKET 0 (select packet type 0, other packet types are stated in the table below)
Type
Description
0
PRBS9 sequence ‘11111111100000111101…’ (in transmission order)
1
repeated ‘11110000’ (in transmission order)
2
repeated ‘10101010’ (in transmission order)
3
PRBS15 sequence
4
repeated ‘11111111’ (in transmission order) sequence
5
repeated ‘00000000’ (in transmission order) sequence
6
repeated ‘00001111’ (in transmission order) sequence
7
repeated ‘01010101’ (in transmission order) sequence
5.4.2
BLE Packet Length
PACKETLENGTH 10 (select packet length in bytes, maximum: 241)
5.4.3
Transmit Packets
TX 100 0 ON (transmit 100 packets)
It is not possible to select the interval time between packets in BLE Mode, so it is defaulted to 0.
Therefore, it is not obvious how to control the TX duty cycle for average spurious emission
measurements. Typical duty cycles can be found in the table below. The duty cycle can depend on Host
MCU.
Packet length
(bytes)
TX duty cycle
@ 1 Mbit/s
TX duty cycle @
2 Mbit/s
10
32%
16%
20
42%
30%
30
54%
29%
40
32%
35%
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5.5 Set-up Procedure for RX Mode
Before starting the RX test, please RESET the DUT by removing batteries and restarting the Radio
Control Console application.
5.5.1
Select RF Channel
See section 5.3.3 an RF channel.
5.5.2
Turn RX On
Make sure TX is OFF.
RX ON (switch receiver ON)
5.5.3
Print Packets Sent/Received in BLE Mode
RX OFF (switch receiver OFF)
P (show number of received packets)
R (reset the number of the sent/received counter)
!In BLE Mode, the values returned by the Show Packet Statistics are only valid after the
RX/TX/TXR Mode has been stopped explicitly by issuing the RX OFF or TX OFF command,
depending on which mode was activated.
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References
[1] User Manual for Radio Control Console; GP_P864_UM_16380_PTC_Overview
[2] Radio Control SW Package; Qorvo document GP_P864_SW_16383
[3] Product Test Component Release note; Qorvo document
GP_P864_RN_12462_ProductTestComponentReleaseNotes
[4] Antenna Pattern report
GP_P1246_TR_20019_RD_Lighting_QPG6105_Antenna_Pattern_Measurements.xlsx
[5] Bill of Material QPE6105a
GP_P1246_BOM_19644_RD_Lighting_QPG6105
[6] Schematic QPE6105a
GP_P1246_HW_19642_RD_Lighting_QPG6105_SCH
[7] PCB design files QPE6105a
GP_P1246_HW_19643_RD_Lighting_QPG6105_PCB
[8] Bill of Material QPE6105a Radio Adaptor Board
GP_P345_BOM_19687_QPE6105A_Radio_Board
[9] Schematic QPE6105a Radio Adaptor Board
GP_P345_HW_19685_QPE6105A_Radio_Board_SCH
[10] PCB design files QPE6105a Radio Adaptor Board
GP_P345_HW_19686_QPE6105A_Radio_Board_PC
[11] Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR), Title 47, Part 15 –Radio Frequency Devices
[12] FCC Publication number 558074 - D01 15.247 Meas Guidance v05r02.pdf
[13] ANSI C63.10-2013 - Procedures for Compliance Testing of Unlicensed Wireless Devices
[14] FCC Certification guide Zigbee / MatterTM mode
GP_P335_UM_20020_FCC_Certification_Guide_QPE6105a__IoT_Controller_Zigbee_Mode.pdf
[15] ETSI Certification guide Zigbee / MatterTM mode
GP_P335_UM_20255_ETSI_Certification_Guide_QPE6105a__IoT_Controller_Zigbee_Mode.pdf
[16] ETSI Certification guide Bluetooth Low Energy mode
GP_P335_UM_20256_ETSI_Certification_Guide_QPE6105a__IoT_Controller_BLE_Mode.pdf
Abbreviations
ADC Analog-to-Digital Converter
BPF Band-Pass Filter
BLE Bluetooth Low Energy
CW Continuous Wave
DSP Digital Signal Processor
DUT Device Under Test
FLL Frequency Locked Loop
GLDO Global Low Dropout Regulator
LDO Low Dropout Regulator
LNA Low-Noise Amplifier
LPF Low-Pass Filter
MIMO Multiple-Input Multiple-Output
MSK Minimum Shift Keying
O-QPSK Offset Quadrature Phase-Shift
Keying
PSRR PSRR Power Supply Rejection Ratio
PTC Product Test Component
RCC Radio Control Console
RCU Remote Control Unit
VCO Voltage Controlled Oscillator
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Important Notice
The information contained herein is believed to be reliable; however, Qorvo makes no warranties regarding the
information contained herein and assumes no responsibility or liability whatsoever for the use of the information
contained herein. All information contained herein is subject to change without notice. Customers should obtain
and verify the latest relevant information before placing orders for Qorvo products. The information contained
herein or any use of such information does not grant, explicitly or implicitly, to any party any patent rights, licenses,
or any other intellectual property rights, whether with regard to such information itself or anything described by
such information. THIS INFORMATION DOES NOT CONSTITUTE A WARRANTY WITH RESPECT TO THE
PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN, AND QORVO HEREBY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES WITH
RESPECT TO SUCH PRODUCTS WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED BY LAW, COURSE OF DEALING,
COURSE OF PERFORMANCE, USAGE OF TRADE OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, Qorvo products are not warranted or authorized for use as critical
components in medical, life-saving, or life-sustaining applications, or other applications where a failure would reasonably
be expected to cause severe personal injury or death.
Copyright 2022-2023 © Qorvo, Inc. | Qorvo is a registered trademark of Qorvo, Inc.
The Bluetooth®word mark and logos are registered trademarks owned by Bluetooth SIG, Inc. and any use of such marks by
Qorvo is under license.
Matter is developed by the Connectivity Standards AllianceTM. This brand, related logos, and marks are trademarks of the
Alliance, all rights reserved. All other trademarks, tradenames, product or service names are those of their respective owners.
All other trademarks and trade names are those of their respective owners.
Document History
Version
Date
Section
Changes
1.00
Aug 9, 2023
Released version.
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