Radcal Dynalyzer IIIU User manual

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USER GUIDE
DYNALYZER
OPERATION MANUAL
Dynalyzer IIIU High Voltage Unit

Warranty for the Model M-96311 Dynalyzer High-Voltage Unit
Radcal Corporation warrants that, in the event that any defects in material or workmanship should
develop within one year of the date of shipment, the company assumes full responsibility for
servicing equipment of its manufacture without charge upon return of the equipment to Radcal,
with shipping costs prepaid by the customer. Costs to return-ship by ground to customers will be
paid by Radcal if the repairs are warranty-applicable.
Radcal shall not be held liable for damages or delays caused by defects beyond making repairs or
furnishing replacement parts, not shall Radcal be liable for any defective material replaced without
Radcal’s consent during the period of this warranty. Radcal reserves the right to perform warranty
services at its own factory.
Non-Warranty Repairs
The calibration of this instrument was correct within specified limits when the instrument left our
factory. Radcal cannot be responsible for injury or damage resulting from improper use or
calibration errors which develop subsequent to our shipment of the instrument.
If Radcal determines that a fault has been caused by misuse, abnormal operating conditions, or
repairs by unauthorized personnel during the warranty period, repairs and shipping costs will be
billed at normal rates.
If the equipment is found to be in proper working condition, Radcal will return-ship the equipment
at customer expense.
Radcal Corporation
426 West Duarte Road
Monrovia, CA 91016-4591 USA
USA [phone]
Fax USA [phone]
email sales@radcal.,com
www.radcal.com
Radcal Part # MNL/ST-3672
4078221 Rev:D
Printed: OCT 2017

Dynalyzer – High Voltage Unit OPERATION MANUAL
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Contents
Preface..................................................................................................................................................................2
Safety Notice.....................................................................................................................................................2
Introduction..........................................................................................................................................................3
General..............................................................................................................................................................3
Basic Principle of Operation..............................................................................................................................3
Anode Current Sensor..................................................................................................................................3
High-Voltage Divider.....................................................................................................................................3
Filament Current ...........................................................................................................................................3
Equipment Supplied..........................................................................................................................................4
Specifications ....................................................................................................................................................4
Installation............................................................................................................................................................8
Inspection..........................................................................................................................................................8
Parts Necessary for Use ...................................................................................................................................8
Electrical Connections.......................................................................................................................................9
Precautions...................................................................................................................................................9
High Voltage Cable Connections..................................................................................................................9
Operation............................................................................................................................................................13
Readout Oscilloscope .....................................................................................................................................14
Measurement procedure for kVp and Exposure Time Using Oscilloscope................................................14
Measurement Procedures for mA and mAs using Oscilloscope ................................................................15
Three-Phase Current Measurements (using Oscilloscope)........................................................................15
Fluoroscopic Current Measurements (using Oscilloscope)........................................................................16
Measurements with Digital Display.................................................................................................................16
Current Measurements with Dynalyzer III Digital Display (mA and mAs)...................................................16
Exposure Duration (Time)...........................................................................................................................17
Dynalyzer Digital Display of kVp Measurements........................................................................................17
Filament Current Measurement with the Dynalyzer Digital Display............................................................17
Measurements with Suitable RMS Voltmeter..................................................................................................17
Removing High Voltage Unit from X-ray Installation.......................................................................................18
Interpreting Oscilloscope Measurement Waveforms ......................................................................................18
Single-Phase Current Waveform................................................................................................................18
Three-Phase Current Waveforms...............................................................................................................19
kVp Calibration for X-Ray Generator..........................................................................................................20
Equipment Fault Diagnosis by Voltage Waveform Analysis.......................................................................20
Evaluating Fluoroscopic Current Measurements........................................................................................21
Single-Phase Radiographic Current Measurements using Oscilloscope...................................................22
Filament Current Measurements using Oscilloscope.................................................................................24
How to Select Operating Voltage....................................................................................................................27
Maintenance.......................................................................................................................................................27
System Pressure.............................................................................................................................................28
Failure Modes..................................................................................................................................................28

Dynalyzer – High Voltage Unit OPERATION MANUAL
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Preface
IMPORTANT: ALWAYS PLUG DYNALYZER, SCOPE, AND
DISPLAY INTO SAME OUTLET.
Safety Notice
This unit is designed to operate at hazardous voltages found in x-ray generators. The operator is
cautioned to observe all safety practices normally associated with x-ray equipment. Among these
precautions are:
1. Never make or break connections in the high voltage circuit when the generator is
energized. In spite of all interlocks present, it is still possible for an accidental firing to
occur.
2. Never assume that a cable voltage is discharged. There is sufficient capacitance in the x-
ray cable to maintain a lethal charge. Touch the pins of any cable to ground to be sure that
there is no residual charge.
3. Inspect cables often. Do not use any cables with a broken braid at the connectors or in the
cable.
4. Always tighten the locking ring of the cable connector to ensure a good ground connection.
Do not overtighten the ring.
5. Use oil or vaporizing compound on all high-voltage connectors to prevent flashover.
6. Keep away from x-ray beam. This system is designed for remote reading so the equipment
should not be placed near the x-ray beam path.
7. Do not knowingly operate this unit in excess of 150 kVp, or in equipment with unstable x-
ray tubes. Severe damage to the equipment may result from an overvoltage condition.
8. Be sure of your grounds. When in doubt, ground tank to transformer.
9. Always monitor tank pressure. Do not use the system if the pressure reads less than 22
psig. Read the maintenance section for refilling or return to the factory.
CAUTION: IMPORTANT HANDLING NOTICE: This unit is a precision high-voltage measurement
instrument and must be handled with as much care as one would handle an
oscilloscope. While it is portable and is designed to sustain normal handling and
transportation shock and vibration, it must not be subjected to excessive shock or
vibration. The precision electronic assemblies contained inside the tank are subject to
damage from abnormal shock transmitted from the heavy flanges on the tank.
Improper handling can cause tank failure and loss of warranty protection.

Dynalyzer – High Voltage Unit OPERATION MANUAL
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Introduction
General
The Dynalyzer III High Voltage Unit is capable of providing isolated signals analogous to:
1. Anode, Cathode, and Anode + Cathode kilovoltages
2. Anode Current
3. Filament Current (AC)
These signals may be viewed on an oscilloscope, may be measured with a voltmeter, or may be
processed and displayed with the Dynalyzer Digital Display.
This unit has been designed as a calibration instrument and as a diagnostic tool for servicing x-ray
equipment.
This unit is designed for continuous duty, and may be left in the high-voltage circuit indefinitely, if
desired. This feature is desirable in special applications where frequent calibration is required.
This unit is portable. It weighs 32 pounds and is designed to simplify servicing and repair.
Basic Principle of Operation
The Dynalyzer High Voltage Unit is built in two sections. All high-voltage components are located
in a tank pressurized with 30 psig of Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) gas. In the base of the unit are
power supplies and buffer amplifiers to adjust the levels of the isolated signals, provide buffering
against cable and instrument loading effects, and provide frequency compensation. In addition,
there is an oscillator which in conjunction with a high-frequency isolation transformer located in the
tank, provides power to operate the anode current sensing system.
Anode Current Sensor
The anode current sensor is an optically-coupled device that is capable of providing an isolated
signal that represents the anode current waveform. The sensor is capable of measuring current in
the range of 1 mA to 2 Amperes with a 2% absolute accuracy ± zero offset. The output conversion
factor is 1 mV/mA for fluoroscopic measurements. The insertion impedance of the unit is 200 ohms
± 5%. The average power rating of this resistor network is 10 watts, and is the only duty cycle
limitation on this unit. The kVp rating is 150.
High-Voltage Divider
The divider consists of two 1000 megaohm sections that are connected between the anode and
ground, and cathode and ground. Each section contains ten (10) 100 megaohm resistors
connected in series. The geometry of the structure provides distributed capacitance that allows a
frequency response of 100 kHz to be obtained by adjustment of the buffer amplifier compensation
capacitor.
Filament Current
Filament current is measured in the common lead of the cathode circuit using an insulated AC
toroidal transformer. The output of the transformer, which is loaded with a 1 ohm resistor, is

Dynalyzer – High Voltage Unit OPERATION MANUAL
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amplified to a signal level of 0.1 volt (p-p), and is frequency compensated to a maximum frequency
of 20 kHz.
Equipment Supplied
As supplied, the High Voltage Unit is shipped with the following components:
•High Voltage Unit Assembly
•12 ft. Coaxial Cable, BNC Connectors each end (2 each)
•Vaporproofing Compound (2 [two] 1.5 oz. tubes)
•Line cord (6 ft.)
•Dummy plugs (2)
Additional equipment required for use includes:
•Dual-trace oscilloscope to display mA and kV waveforms
Optionally, a digital voltmeter (DVM) or the Dynalyzer III Digital Display
•Two (2) 3-conductor, 5-foot long high-voltage x-ray cables, Federal Standard Connector
Specifications
Calibration Standard Factory calibrated, all output parameters traceable to National
Bureau of Standards
Electrical Rating (maximum
peak voltages) Anode to cathode: 150 kVp
Anode to ground: 85 kVp
Cathode to ground: 85 kVp
Current from x-ray to
Generator (max) Anode (peak): 2 amps for 8 msec
Anode (continuous): 100 mA
Filament: 10 amps (ac rms)
D.C. Voltage Division Ration 10,000: 1 ± 1% (10kV to 75 kV plus & minus polarity)
Voltage Divider Load 1000 megohms to ground
2000 megohms anode-cathode
Duty Cycle Continuous
Frequency Response Voltage: 0-1 kHz ± 2.9%
1 kHz – 100 kHz ± 12.2%
Anode current: 0-5 kHz ± 1db, ± 2% to 300 Hz (Rad. Range)
0-500 Hz ± 1 db, ± 2% to 100 Hz (Fluoro. Range)
Filament current: 20 Hz to 20 kHz, ± 1db
Filament Current Sensor Output level: 0.1 volt (p-p) per ampere (p-p)
Ratio: 0.1 volt/ampere (±5% + zero offset)
Noise level: 0.1 ampere, rms
Anode Current Sensor Current rating: 1 mA to 2 amps
Insertion impedance: 200 ohms ±5%
Power rating: 10 watts

Dynalyzer – High Voltage Unit OPERATION MANUAL
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Ratio: 1 millivolt/milliampere, (Rad. Range) 20
millivolts/milliampere (fluoro Range)
Accuracy: 1 mA to 10 mA, ± 2% (± zero offset; Fluoro range)
10 mA to 2 Amp, ± 2% (± zero offset; Rad Range)
Noise level: 2 mV (p-p) (Max)
Gas Volume 0.5 cubic foot
Pressure Gauge 0-30 psig scale
Insulation Sulfur Hexafluoride gas (SF6) @ 25-30 psig
Gas Relief Valve 22 psig
Gas Filling Valve Schrader type, spring loaded
Test Level Connectors Scope inputs: 5-BNC type, insulated
Digital display: 1-Bendix PT 02A-16-8P
High Voltage Receptacles
3-conductor cables Receptacles conform to NEMA XR-7-1979
Coaxial Cable Two 12-foot long cables RG-58/U with BNC connectors
Temperature Operating: +15° to +30°C
Storage: - 10° to + 50°C
Dimensions See Outline Data
Weight 32 lbs (14 kg)
Power Requirements 104-125 or 208-240 VAC
50-60 Hz, 50 watts
Fuse 0.25 amp for 120 VAC, or 0.25 amp for 240 VAC

Dynalyzer – High Voltage Unit OPERATION MANUAL
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Figure 1: Cabling Data

Dynalyzer – High Voltage Unit OPERATION MANUAL
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Figure 2: Outline Data (dimensions in inches)
Calibration
R
Date
Report #
Radcal Corporation
By
Due
S/N
monrovia,CA 91016
[phone] FAX[phone]
DYNALYZER U
RDIVIDERVOLTAGEHIGH
FIL
Radcal Corporation
R
kV mA
9.00
13°
26°
12.97
0.37
8.13
3.21
1.26
0.63
24.75
22.88
5.19 5.19
3.21

Dynalyzer – High Voltage Unit OPERATION MANUAL
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Installation
Inspection
Inspect the unit after receipt for signs of physical damage. Report any damage to the carrier at
once if any occurred in shipping.
Observe that tank pressure is within the 15-30 psi range. If the pressure is below 10 psi, the unit
should be recharged. Refer to the Maintenance section.
Verification of the operation of the unit may be made with the aid of a digital voltmeter (DVM). Plug
the line cord into the 115 VAC, 60 Hz power source. Measure the output voltages from the BNC
output connectors. All voltages should be within ± 1 millivolt with respect to ground. Operation may
be verified by actual operation or by preliminary low-voltage calibration techniques.
Reasonable care should be taken in the handling of this unit as undue shock may loosen the
integrated circuits from their sockets or upset the optical system in the current detection unit.
The equipment setup depends on the tests to be performed and the auxiliary equipment used.
Details are contained in subsequent paragraphs.
This section describes the proper techniques for the installation of the High Voltage Unit for
calibrating or diagnostic investigation of an x-ray installation. The user is again cautioned about
possible safety hazards due to the presence of high voltage x-ray radiation, and is requested to
review the safety notice in the Preface.
Parts Necessary for Use
Two 12-foot long RG-58U cables with BNC connectors at each end for oscilloscope connections.
(Supplied)
Besides the High Voltage Unit, the following parts are required:
•Two high-voltage cables, approximately 5 feet long with ASA (Federal) terminals at each
end
•Two ASA (Federal) dummy high-voltage receptacle plugs (Supplied)
•Two 1.5 oz. tubes of vaporproofing compound for cables and plugs (Supplied)
•Small quantity of alcohol for cleaning high-voltage cable receptacles and terminals
•A piece of lead sheet 0.5 in. thick for blocking x-ray tube port, if no collimator is present
•A digital voltmeter
A differential input scope is not necessary as a composite A + C output is provided. Dual-trace or
dual-beam capability is desirable to allow mA and kV to be viewed simultaneously.
NOTE: If the oscilloscope does not have a storage feature, an oscilloscope camera will be
useful to permit analysis of the waveform after the trace fades.
•A BNC for binding post adapter (if needed)