Radiometer Afm2 User manual

AFM2

MODULATION

METER

DIGITALY REMASTERED

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MODULATION

RADIOMETER

BDE

COPENHAGEN

This

instruction manual

valid for the Modulation Meter, type AFM2, but applies also

for the type AFM2S6 when the following specification changes and additions are borne

in mind:

page

read

for

AFM2S6

AMdistortion:

Carrier frequencies within

the range

300 MHz: 0.3% distortion at 30% AM

cmd

at modulation

frequencies,within 20 Hz

1~'kHz.

1.5% distortion at 90% AM and at modulation

frequencies within

50 kHz.

Carrier frequencies within

the range 300

1002 MHz: 1.5% distortion at 30% AMand at modulation

frequencies within 10 Hz -.50 kHz.

2) Signal-to-noise ratio for each stereo channel measured with a psophometer:

Typically 66 dB at f40 kHz frequency deviation and RF

200 MHz. These data apply

only when the level of the RF signal

in the 30

100 mV range.

Furthermore, it applies to the Modulation Meter, type AFM2S4S5, when the following

corrections are made on pages

06,

07,

D6,

E2,

and E4:

)

AF Output Nominally

dh(0.775

rms into 600R)

when meter reads 3/4 of fulI-scale deflection,

e.g., at *75 kHz deviation in the

100

kHz

deviation range.

2) AF Output Terminals 3-pol e standard, type

ZNA

333874/1

Table

Contents

SECTION A

INTRODUCTION

SECTION

SPECIFICATIONS

SECTION C

ACCESSORIES

SECTION D

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

Description

2. Controls, Meters, and Terminals

SECTION

OPERATING

NSTRUCTIONS

1, Connecting the Instrument

2, Measuring Ampl itude Modulation Percentage

3. Measuring Frequency Deviation

Using

Crystal Oscillator

Plurin

Unit, code 900-252

SECTION F

TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION F1

RF Input Circuit

2, Tuner

3. IF Filter

IF Preamplifier and IF Attenuator

5, IF Amplifier

hase-compensator and Ehnd-pass Filter

Buffer Amplifier

AM Detector

9, IF Output Amplifier

10, Limiter Stages

11, FM Detector

12, AF Amplifier

and

13, AF Amplifier Ill

14, AF Detector

5, Power- Supply

SECTION

MA1NTENANCE

SECTION H

PARTS LIST

Modulation Meter

Type AFM2

Section

Introduction

Fig

.A1

The I'tAodulation i'Aeter,

type

AFM2.

The Modulation Meter, type

AFM2,

a solid-state, line- or battery-operated

precision measuring instrument for ac-

curate measurement of the modulation

depth of

signals and the peak devi-

ation of

signals in the carrier fre-

quency range from

to 1002 MHz. The

Modulation Meter

designed for ac-

cepting telemetric signals with a modu-

lation frequency up to 200 kHz, and

stereo signals for which it features an

L/R-separation of

dB.

The

indicating metel- has fuI

-scale de-

flection for

76,

30,

and

0C9h

AM,

and

53,

*1C,

k3C1

If;GC,

and

zt2C.C

kti~

hl\,

peak value. Due to the vely

srnall amount of residual modulation

generated in the idiodulation Meter plop-

er, it

possible to measure residual

and

oscillators, sp~~rious

F"M

signals, and vice versa. Accilrate

measurer(enfs on distol-ted signuls are

rendered easy by a swit2l.l that enables

the positive and the negative peak val-

ue to be measured separately. If in-

creased resolution

desired, an exter-

nal indicator, such as a voltmeter,

con

e--plo)/ed to extend

ihe

measuring

ranges downwards.

The input signal level necessury for full

occbracy

mV in the carrier frequen-

cy range

200

MHz,

20 mV in the

range

2CC

60C

Mtlz, and

mV in

the range

SCO

to 1003 MHz. The maxi-

mcim operating input

voltage

Besidzs a manual level control, the

Modulation Meter features

automatic

level control with a regulating range

dB.

To increase the versatility of the Mod-

ulation Meter for nreasvren;ants on nar-

row-band equipment, it

provided with

two

bandwidths of *20 and k400

kHz, just as three standal-d deen~phasis

networks of

50,

75,

and 750

one

non-standard of

dB/octave (ref.

kHz),

four low-pass filters with frequencies of

15,

75, and 200

kHz,

and ore band-

pass filter with

dB points at 50 Hz and

kHz,

ensure optimal measuring condi-

tions for a wide range of applicatio~s.

Crystal Oscillator Unit, code

900-252,

available. See

SECTION

Section

Specifications

FREQUENCY RANGE OF

INPUT SIGNAL 5

1002 MHz

FREQUENCY RANGE OF

VARIABLE OSClLLATOR

1000 MHz

Fundamental ranges: 7-12, 12-21, 21 -37, 37-65, 65-1 10, and

110-200 MHz

Harmonic ranges: 200-330, 330-600, and 600-1 000 MHz

CALIBRATION ACCURACY 3%

CRYSTAL OPERATION An optional Crystal Oscillator Unit, code 900-252,

that accepts up to four switch-selected crystals, en-

sures low residual FM.

Specification changes due to crystal operation: See

SECTION C

ACCESSORIES.

INPUT LEVEL

Carrier frequency ranges:

Attenuation 0 dB

Attenuation 10 dB:

Attenuation 20 dB:

Attenuation 30 dB:

Attenuation 40 dB:

One input socket in connection with a 3-step input

attenuator (10

20 dB) ada,pts the AFM2 to

input levels from

mV to 10 V.

5-200 MHz 200-600 MHz 600-

000 MHz

Basic sensitivity range,

BSR

4-t

Values in parentheses are derived from

minimum

level

BSR

and from lower

limit

of overlapping ranges.

Max.

safe input level: 10 V

Input level for residual

and AM measurements:

Min. input level

(

RF attenuation inserted (dB)

NPUT IMPEDANCE

LEVEL

SETTING

Manual level setting:

Automatic level setting:

nominal

Continuous within a range of min.

dB.

The AGC system keeps the level setting within

0.5%

for input level variations within the speci-

fied input level ranges, inclusive of the overlap-

ping ranges.

Fine adjustment of the automatic level setting

possible

NCY

MODULATION

Deviation ranges:

*3,

*lo,

k30, lt100,

and

*300

kHz f.s.d. (peak

deviation).

Positive and negative deviation peaks can be mea-

sured separately.

Accuracy:

*75

kHz deviation:

$300

kHz

deviation:

2% of reading

of full scale at modulation fre-

quencies within

53 kHz

of reading

of full scale at modulation fre-

quencies within

75 kHz.

2% of reading

-t-

of full scale at modulation fre-

quencies within

15 kHz.

of reading

of full scale at modulation fre-

quencies within

125 kHz.

15% of reading

1% of full scale at modulation fre-

quencies within 125 kHz

200

kHz.

Notes:

To obtain specified accuracy, the upper frequen-

cy limit of the built-in low-pass filter should be

switched as follows:

Deviation range upper frequency limit

kHz

k10

kHz

*30

kHz 15 kHz

&I00

kHz 75 kHz

A300

kHz

200

kHz

(see ~andwidths)

The specified accuracies are valid only with the

METER

switch set to SLOW. In position FAST, the

lower frequency limit

160

Hz.

Distortion

k75

kHz deviation:

k300

kHz deviation:

0.1