Schonstedt Rex User manual

Instruction Manual
Made in USA
P: [phone] l www.schonstedt.com l [email protected]
100 Edmond Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430

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October 2017 – Rev. 1.1
Im po rta nt No tic e
Schonstedt believes the statements contained herein to be accurate and reliable;
however, their accuracy, reliability, or completeness is not guaranteed.
Schonstedt's only obligation shall be to repair or replace any instrument proven to be
defective within three years of purchase. Schonstedt shall not be responsible for any
injury to persons or property, direct or consequential, arising from the use of any
instrument.

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Ta b le o f C o nte nts
C ha pte r 1: Intro duc tio n & O pe ra ting Mo d e s 1
Introduction .................................................................................................................... 2
Passive 50/60 Hz ............................................................................................................. 2
Conductive..................................................................................................................... 2
Inductive Clamp ............................................................................................................ 2
Inductive ......................................................................................................................... 3
Sonde ............................................................................................................................. 3
Operating Recommendations .................................................................................... 4
C ha pte r 2: Re x Re c e ive r 5
Automatic and Manual Gain ...................................................................................... 6
Directional Indication.................................................................................................... 6
Depth Measurement ..................................................................................................... 6
Searching for a Sonde .................................................................................................. 6
Controls ........................................................................................................................... 7
Visual and Audible Indicators ...................................................................................... 8
Connectors and Accessories ..................................................................................... 11
Battery Replacement.................................................................................................. 11
Specifications ............................................................................................................... 12
Regulatory Compliance and Declaration of Conformity ...................................... 13
C ha p te r 3: Re x Tra nsm itte r 14
Automatic and Manual Output Power..................................................................... 15
Output Current Measurement ................................................................................... 15
Line Voltage and Impedance Measurement.......................................................... 15
Controls ......................................................................................................................... 16
Visual and Audible Indicators .................................................................................... 17
Connectors and Accessories ..................................................................................... 18
Battery Charger ........................................................................................................... 19
Recommendations for Battery Charging and Storage .......................................... 21
Battery Replacement.................................................................................................. 21
Specifications ............................................................................................................... 23
Regulatory Compliance and Declaration of Conformity ...................................... 24
C ha p te r 4: Te c hnic a l Supp o rt/ Se rvic e Info rm a tio n 25
C ha p te r 5: Wa rra nty 27

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1
INTRODUCTION &
OPERATING MODES

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Intro duc tio n
In general, pipe and cable locators can operate in a variety of modes and
frequencies. The following is a brief description of the basic operating modes
supported by the Rex Pipe and Cable locator. In addition, the Rex Pipe and Cable
locator offers advanced features to suit almost any type of locating challenge, while
emphasizing portability, size, and convenience. The receiver collapses for portability
and expands for full functionality, and the transmitter packs up to 5 watts output
power, multiple frequencies, and an inductive antenna in a flat and lightweight
package that is similar to a notebook computer.
In the design of our locators, Schonstedt has incorporated more than sixty years of
experience in producing the world's finest locating products for aerospace, military
and infrastructure applications. All Schonstedt products are manufactured following
high standards of reliability, durability and performance.
For additional information on pipe and cable locating theory and techniques, check
the training section of our website at www.schonstedt.com/training.
Pa ssive 50/ 60 Hz
In the passive mode, the transmitter is not used at all. Instead, the receiver
searches for an appropriate harmonic of 60 or 50 Hz signals (factory preset).
These signals are typically present in energized power cables, making it
possible to locate them without using a transmitter to impose a tracing signal
onto them.
C o nduc tive
In the conductive mode, the transmitter imposes a signal of the selected
frequency onto the pipe or cable to be traced. It does so by making direct
contact with the pipe or cable at a point where the pipe/cable comes up to
the surface of the ground (a transformer box, a water hydrant, a telephone
switch box, a gas meter, etc.). The circuit is closed by providing a return path
with a stake that is buried in the ground near the transmitter.
Ind uc tive C la m p
In the inductive clamp mode, the transmitter imposes a signal of the selected
frequency onto the pipe or cable to be traced. It does so by energizing a
clamp that is placed so that it is completely encircling the pipe or cable at a
point where the pipe/cable comes up to the surface of the ground (a

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transformer box, a telephone switch box, a gas meter, etc.). The clamp then induces
a current onto the pipe or cable. In this mode, it is not necessary to provide a return
path for the induced current to the transmitter. The induced current will travel on the
pipe or cable for a certain distance, making it possible to trace it.
Induc tive
In the inductive mode, the transmitter imposes a signal of the selected
frequency onto the pipe or cable to be traced. It does so by energizing
an inductive antenna built into the case. The transmitter is placed on
the ground in a direction perpendicular to the pipe or cable being
traced. The inductive antenna then induces a current onto the pipe or
cable. In this mode, it is not necessary to provide a return path for the
induced current to the transmitter. The induced current will travel on the
pipe or cable for a certain distance, making it possible to trace it.
So nde
In the sonde mode, the transmitter is not used at all. This mode is used to
trace non-metallic pipes or metallic pipes where other modes are
inapplicable or inefficient. A small beacon transmitter, or sonde, is pushed
through the pipe, and the receiver searches for the signal emitted by the
sonde. Since the signal being traced by the receiver is produced by the
sonde and not travelling along the pipes, there are some differences in the
way the receiver is used. Due to the nature and strength of the sonde
signal, it is necessary to have some idea of where the sonde is (in order to
narrow the search area to a radius of several feet centered around the
sonde). Since the sonde is “guided” by a device that is under the control of
the work crew and it often has a camera attached to it, having a general
idea of where the sonde is located is typically not a problem.
For additional information on sonde locating and techniques, check the
training section of our website at www.schonstedt.com/training.
Micro Mini Sonde-512 Hz Mini Sonde-512 Hz

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O pe ra ting Re c o m m e nd a tio ns
When using the Rex Pipe and Cable Locator, follow these tips and recommendations
to improve and facilitate your locating experience:
1) Whenever possible, use the conductive mode. It provides the strongest and best-
coupled signal.
2) When operating in conductive mode:
Try to bury the ground steak on a line perpendicular to the utility to be traced.
Verify that a good circuit has been established by:
Checking the output current from the transmitter.
Manually adjusting the output power to affect the output current.
Making adjustments to the conductive clips to improve the connection.
3) When operating in the inductive mode, place the transmitter antenna (located
inside the handle) over the buried cable or pipe in the direction indicated by the
label (perpendicular to the suspected direction of the pipe or cable).
4) If using the inductive clamp mode, place the clamp so that it completely
encircles the desired cable or pipe. Make sure the clamp can fully close so that
both ends touch.
5) When operating in the passive mode, be aware of your surroundings and possible
interference from overhead power lines, other buried cables, pipes or utilities
carrying 50 or 60 Hz signals, and nearby transformers or substations.
6) In all operating modes, always set the gain at the minimum setting that shows a
clear peak over the target. Optimum results will most likely be obtained with a
signal strength reading between 200 and 800. A consistent reading of 995 or
higher indicates the signal is too strong and the receiver gain and/or transmitter
power should be reduced.

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2
REX RECEIVER

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Auto ma tic a nd Ma nua l G a in
The Rex receiver has the ability to operate in an automatic or manual gain mode. In
the automatic gain mode, the sensitivity of the receiver is adjusted automatically,
based on the strength of the detected signal, to produce a relatively constant and
strong signal strength indication. In the manual gain mode, the user can adjust the
sensitivity up or down to suit different locating scenarios.
Dire c tiona lIndic a tio n
The Rex receiver is equipped with directional indicators (arrows). These visual and
audible indicators help the user locate the pipe or cable by showing which direction
he/she should move in order to get closer to the target. These indicators are not
available in the Sonde mode.
De pth Me a sure m e nt
The Rex receiver has the ability to measure the approximate depth of the target pipe
or cable being traced. When a depth measurement is made, the receiver must be
fully extended and the bottom tip of the receiver must be touching the ground.
Depth measurements should only be made when the directional indication says that
the target is close and the receiver’s signal strength is maximized (peaked) over the
target. Special considerations are required for the Sonde mode.
Se a rc hing fo r a So nd e
Once in the surroundings of a sonde, it is important
to differentiate whether you are positioned along
the axis of the sonde (the direction of the pipe) or
off to either side. In the sonde mode, the
directional indication is not functional; the signal
strength is the only indication available.
Rotate the receiver back and forth and move in
the direction that produces the maximum (peak)
signal strength. As the receiver gets closer to the
sonde, the signal strength increases and it will hit a
peak when the receiver is directly over the sonde.
Slowly rotate the receiver to fine tune the peak
signal strength, which will occur when the plane of
the sensors is parallel to the axis of the sonde. For
verification, rotate the receiver 90 degrees and see

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that it produces a “null" (signal strength very close to zero), and then counter-rotate
90 degrees to go back to the original position.
To measure depth, simply place the tip of the unit on the ground and press the DEPTH
button when the signal strength is at a peak. The achievable depth depends on a
number of factors, but typically it is possible to read depth up to 5 to 15 feet (1.5 to
4.2 m).
C o ntro ls
The Rex Receiver controls are designed to be intuitive and require a minimum of
training for effective use. The receiver can easily be operated with one hand.
2 0 7
3
1 6
5
4
1O N/ VO LUME - This switch powers on the receiver and automatically sets the
volume to High. Additional depressions of this switch will cycle the volume through
Off (no sound), Medium, and High settings.
2O FF - This switch removes power from the receiver.
3UP/ DO WN A RRO WS - When the receiver is operating in manual gain mode,
pressing the UP or DOWN arrows will increase or decrease the gain from its current
setting. When the receiver is operating in the automatic gain mode, the first press
of the UP or DOWN arrow will switch the receiver to the manual gain mode.
4AUTO - When the receiver is operating in the manual gain mode, pressing the
AUTO button will switch the receiver to operate in the Automatic gain mode. In
this mode the receiver adjusts its sensitivity as a function of the strength of the
detected signal.

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5DEPTH - When the proper conditions to measure depth are present, pressing this
switch will display the target's depth on the LCD (after a delay of 2 seconds). The
depth will continue to be displayed on the LCD, along with the word "DEPTH", for
as long as the switch is depressed. If the switch is pressed and quickly released,
the depth will show on the LCD momentarily. The Rex is factory set to display
depth in feet and inches or in meters. If the depth cannot be determined due to a
weak signal or interference signal by other nearby utilities (congested
underground) the LCD will show 3 dashes "---".
6SO NDE - If the sonde mode is available, pressing this switch will cause the receiver
to go to the sonde mode of operation. If the receiver is already operating in
sonde mode, pressing this switch will cause the receiver to stop the sonde mode
of operation.
7FREQ - An operating frequency can be selected by depressing this switch
consecutively until the desired frequency is indicated on the display of the
receiver. Some frequencies are uniquely associated with the mode of operation
selected (conductive, inductive or inductive clamp); therefore the user should
ensure that the same frequency is selected on both the receiver and the
transmitter.
Visua l a nd Audible Indic a to rs
The information display areas for the receiver are easy to understand. In addition, the
receiver has audible indicators to facilitate operation in heavy traffic or noisy areas.
All visual indicators for the receiver are on the LCD display, which has six general
areas to display information to the user: a Battery Indicator, a Gain Indicator, a
Frequency/Mode Indicator, a Direction Indicator, an Alphanumeric Display and a
Volume Indicator.
BA TTERY INDIC A TO R - The battery symbol indicates the receiver's battery
status. When all 3 segments inside the battery symbol are present, the
battery is fully charged. When only the 2 bottom segments are present,
the battery has a medium charge. When only the bottom segment is
present, the battery has a low charge and should be replaced. If there
are no segments present, the battery is extremely low and you should
replace it immediately.
G AIN INDIC ATO R - The "(Auto)" legend next to the "GAIN" legend
indicates that the gain is in the automatic mode. In this mode, the
receiver adjusts its sensitivity as a function of the strength of the
detected signal. No bar graph is shown in this mode.
If the "(Auto)" legend is not visible, the receiver is operating in the
manual gain mode; therefore, a means to show the user the relative
gain setting is necessary. The bar graph indicates the relative
strength of the gain, with each bar roughly representing one tenth of
the full scale available.

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Each time the UP or the DOWN arrow is pressed, the gain is adjusted roughly by
1/30th of the full scale range. Therefore, it takes approximately 3 presses of the
UP arrow to add one bar to the graph and approximately 3 presses of the DOWN
arrow to delete one bar from the graph. By depressing and holding the UP or
DOWN will allow to rapidly scroll the manual gain setting.
FREQ UENC Y/ MO DE INDIC A TO R - This LCD area consists of 4
icons: "SONDE", "33 kHz", "82 kHz", and the "Passive Arrow".
These icons are used by themselves or in various
combinations to indicate different operating modes, as shown in the following
table, where (C) is conductive mode, (IC) is inductive clamp mode, and (I) is
inductive mode. See CHAPTER I: REX OPERATING MODES for a description of these
modes.
OPERATING MODE SONDE
33 kHz 82 kHz PASSIVE ARROW
C, IC, I at 33 kHz Off On Off Off
C, IC, I at 82 kHz Off Off On Off
C at 512 Hz
(
*
)
Off Off Off Off
Sonde
(
**
)
On Off Off Off
Passive 50/60
(
***
)
Off Off Off On
(*) The numbe r512 sho ws b rie fly o n the nume ric display up o n e nte ring this fre que nc y.
(**) The numb e r 512 (the de fault so nde fre q ue nc y sup p o rte d b y the Re x) sho ws b rie fly
o n the nume ric displa y upo n e nte ring this mo de .
(***) The numb e r 50 o r 60 sho ws b rie fly o n the nume ric disp lay upo n e nte ring this mo de ,
indic ating whic h line fre que nc y the unit is p ro g ramme d to lo c a te in passive mo de .
DIREC TIO N INDIC ATO R - The arrows and center bar in this indicator tell the
operator in which direction to move the receiver in order to be directly over the
target. The direction indicator does NOT work in the Sonde operating mode.
oRig ht Arro w - Receiver should be moved to the right to get closer to
the target.
oLe ft Arro w - Receiver should be moved to the left to get closer to the
target.
oBoth Arrows a nd C e nte r Ba r - Receiver is placed close to or directly
over the target. This is also accompanied by a beeping sound.
When all three elements of this indicator are OFF, the signal strength is not
adequate to make a directional determination or you are not close to the pipe or
cable being traced. Keep searching based on the signal strength indication and
the audio feedback, until one of the arrows comes ON.

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ALPHANUMERIC DISPLAY - The alphanumeric display is used to display signal
strength and depth. The numeric display is also used for temporary indications
of certain operating modes, frequencies, and other brief information messages,
as noted throughout this manual.
oSig na l Stre ng th - This is an indication of the
relative signal level detected by the receiver
and is a function of the gain setting. Good
signal strength will typically be between 200
and 800. The display range for signal strength
is 0 to 999; however, very high signal strength
is not necessarily better. If readings of 995 or higher are consistent,
the signal is too strong and steps should be taken to reduce it. If a
reading of “OL” is observed, a signal is present which interferes with
the signal the receiver is set to detect. Steps should be taken to
identify the source of interference or to change the locating mode.
oDe pth Re a ding – As shown below, when measuring depth, the word
DEPTH lights up above the numeric display and the depth of the
target in feet and inches or meters (depending of factory setting) is
displayed.
The display range for depth in feet and inches is 0" to 19’ 11" and in
meters is 0.00 m to 5.99 m.
VO LUME INDIC ATO R - The volume indicator consists of a speaker symbol with 3
sound wave bars. If the volume is off, the speaker symbol with NO bars is
shown, for medium volume the speaker symbol with 2 bars is shown and for
maximum volume the speaker symbol with 3 bars is shown.
Vo lum e O FF Me d ium Vo lum e Hig h Vo lum e
The speaker produces an audible indication of signal strength. The pitch of the
sound will increase with increasing signal strength. However, the volume is
determined only by the VOLUME control, as explained above.

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Co nne c tors a nd Ac c e sso rie s
The receiver has a standard 3.5mm headphone jack that accepts
any mono or stereo earphones or headphones. Schonstedt also
supplies headphones as an optional accessory. The receiver
automatically detects the insertion of the headphones or
earphones and routes the audio signals to them, silencing the
internal speaker.
The receiver comes fitted with a rubber plug to protect it from
water and dust ingress. It is recommended to keep the rubber plug
inserted in the earphone jack when earphones are not being used.
The receiver also comes standard with a belt holster for hands-free
carrying.
The receiver is shipped factory ready to detect sondes or other devices, such as
inspection cameras, that transmit at 512 Hz; however, the sondes themselves are
optional accessories also available through Schonstedt.
Ba tte ry Re pla c e me nt
The Rex receiver is powered by one 9-volt alkaline disposable battery. The battery is
located in the handle of the instrument and can be accessed by turning the screw
counterclockwise. To remove the battery, simply tilt the unit so that the handle is
pointing down, and the battery will slide out. When replacing the battery, look at the
outside of the battery door for the proper battery orientation. As a safety measure
the unit will not turn on if the battery is not inserted correctly. You should never have
to force the battery door closed. If the battery does not seem to be going in all the
way, remove the battery, reverse its orientation and then replace it.

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Spe c ific a tions
Operating Frequency: Active: 512 Hz, 33 kHz and 82 kHz
Passive: 50 or 60 Hz
Sonde: 512 Hz
Battery: One 9V Alkaline Battery
Battery Life: 12 hours (intermittent use)
Audio Output: 10 - 1500 Hz (determined by signal strength)
0 - 70 db SPL (volume controlled)
Weight (incl. battery): 2.8 lbs. (1.25 kg)
Operating Temperature: -4°F to 140°F (-20°C to 70°C)
Water and Dust Resistance Rated IP54, when operated with earphone
jack plug (provided)
Overall Dimensions: Closed: 17.5 in x 3 in x 8.5 in
(44 cm x 7.6 cm x 21.5 cm)
Extended: 27.7 in x 3 in x 8.5 in
(70 cm x 7.6 cm x 21.5 cm)
Max. Depth Capability: Approximately 19' (5.8 m)
Sonde Mode: approximately 5'- 15' (1.5 m – 4.2 m)

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Re g ula to ry C o m plia nc e a nd De c la ra tio n o f C o nfo rm ity
FCC:
++++
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the
following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2)
this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may
cause undesired operation.
++++
Industry Canada:
++++++++++++++
CAN ICES-3 (B)/NMB-3(B)
CE Mark:
++++++++
Application of Council Directive(s):
Directive 1999/5/EC (R&TTE Directive)
Standard(s) to which Conformity is declared: ETSI
EN 301 489-1 V1.9.2 (2011-09)
ETSI EN 301 489-3 V1.6.1 (2013-08)
ETS1 EN 300 330-2 V1.6.1 (2015-03)
Directive 2011/65/EU (RoHS2)
Standard to which conformity is declared:
EN 50581:2012
This device should only be cleaned using a dry cloth. Do not use any solvents that
could damage the labels.
Schonstedt’s Declaration of Conformity can be found at:
www.schonstedt.com/rex

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3
REX TRANSMITTER

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Auto ma tic a nd Ma nua l O utput Po we r
The Rex transmitter delivers power to the "load" that it is connected to. In the
conductive mode, the load is the circuit formed by the cable or pipe being traced,
the soil return, and the ground stake. In the inductive clamp and inductive modes,
the loads are the clamp and the antenna, respectively. The inductive clamp and
inductive modes require the maximum power that the transmitter can deliver.
Therefore, the transmitter automatically operates at maximum power output, and
there is no need for manual power adjustment.
In the conductive mode, the power delivered to the load is highly dependent on the
external elements (soil, type of conductor, stake placement, etc.). In some cases,
more power is desired to achieve more distance or depth; in other cases, less power
is desired to avoid bleeding to nearby conductors. Therefore, while in the conductive
mode, the user has the ability to adjust the output power manually, using the front
panel controls and visual indicators described further down in this manual.
Tra nsmitte rC urre nt Me a sure m e nt
When operating in the conductive mode, the Rex transmitter displays the amount of
current flowing into the utility being traced. This is very useful in determining how good
of a circuit has been established by the operator. The circuit can be improved by
relocating the ground stake or improving the metal to metal contact of the
conductive clips. A low current reading indicates a poor trace conductor, poor soil
conductivity, or poor ground stake contact/placement. Higher current readings
indicate a better circuit and a better chance at tracing long distances and deep
conductors.
If the current reading is low, try improving the connection to see if the current
increases (check the cables, clips, and ground stake; wet the ground; clean rust or
dirt; etc.). Often, the reason for the low current is the soil itself (sandy or very dry)
and/or the conductive quality and integrity of the pipe or cable that is being traced
(cast iron pipes, rusted or broken wires, heavy insulation to ground, etc.). If an
improved connection cannot be made, there may be a small amount of current still
circulating in the circuit. Try increasing the output power manually and/or increase
the gain on the receiver.
Line Vo lta g e a nd Im pe da nc e Me a sure m e nt
When the transmitter is operating in conductive mode and a new frequency is
entered, it performs an automatic measurement of the AC and DC voltages that are
present on the line to be traced. If the voltage measured on the line is below 5 volts
(DC or AC), then the measurement is transparent to the user and the transmitter
proceeds to transmit the desired signal onto the line. If the voltage is above 5 V (DC

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or AC), an UP ARROW will be shown on the LCD display and the buzzer will be turned
on to warn the user of the presence of voltage on the line. The transmitter will
continue to retest for the presence of these voltages until they fall below 5 V, in which
case it will resume normal signal transmission.
To determine the type (AC or DC) and value of the voltage present on the line, and
to measure the line impedance, the transmitter can be put into the Measurement
mode by simultaneously pressing the Frequency and Output Power controls while in
the conductive mode. In the Measurement mode, the transmitter alternatively
displays the DC voltage, AC voltage, and Line Impedance on the LCD; it will turn on
an UP ARROW if any voltage exceeds 50 V.
To exit the Measurement mode, press the Frequency or Output Power control. The
transmitter will go back to the conductive mode.
C o ntro ls
The Rex Transmitter controls are designed to be intuitive and require a minimum of
training for effective use. The transmitter controls are also large for ease of use when
wearing gloves.
2
3
1O N/ O FF - This is a momentary push-button switch that toggles the power to the
transmitter on and off. When the transmitter power is off, press this switch until
the LCD indicators come on and you hear a beep, and then release it. When
the transmitter power is on, press the switch until the LCD indicators go off, and
then release it.
2FREQ UENC Y - An operating frequency can be selected by depressing this switch
consecutively until the desired frequency that matches the receiver’s
frequency is indicated on the display of the transmitter. Different frequencies
are available for the different operating modes (conductive, inductive clamp
or inductive); see Specifications below for specific frequencies in each mode.
3O UTPUT PO WER - This switch is used to manually select the output power in the
conductive mode only. It has no use in the inductive and inductive clamp
1

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modes, where the output power is internally fixed. Each press increases the
output power as follows:
P-L (1/2 watt) >> P-1 (1 watt) >> P-2 (2 watts) >>
P-5 (5 watts) >> P-L (1/2 watt), and so on.
At the 82 kHz operating frequency, only 1/2 watt and 1 watt are available; this is
due to FCC regulations. If the transmitter is operating at a higher output power
(2 W or 5 W) and the frequency is changed to 82 kHz, the transmitter
automatically defaults to P-1 (1 W).
Visua l a nd Audible Indic a to rs
The information display areas for the transmitter are easy to understand. In addition,
the transmitter has an audible indicator to provide feedback and warnings to the
user in certain situations.
All visual indicators for the transmitter are on the LCD display, which has four general
areas to display information to the user: a Battery Indicator, a Large 3-digit Numeric
Display, a Small 3-Digit Numeric Display, and several Units Indicators.
The Rex transmitter is equipped with automatic backlighting of the LCD to improve
readability under dim or dark lighting conditions.
BATTERY INDIC ATO R - The "Battery" symbol indicates the transmitter's
battery status. When all 3 segments inside the battery symbol are present,
the battery is fully charged. When only the 2 bottom segments are
present, the battery has a medium charge. When only the bottom
segment is present, the battery has a low charge and should be
recharged as soon as possible. If there are no segments present, the
battery is extremely low and it should be recharged immediately. If the
battery reaches a voltage dangerously close to the level where
continuous operation can damage it, the empty battery box will begin to
flash and transmitter shutdown is imminent. In addition, the battery
indicator is used to show that the charger is plugged in correctly; the
battery box will be on with all 3 segments rolling. See section Batte ry
Charge r below for additional information on the battery charging visual
indicators.
LA RG E 3- DIG IT NUMERIC DISPLA Y - This area is used to display
operating mode information as follows:
Ind Transmitter operating in the Inductive mode
CLA Transmitter operating in the Inductive Clamp mode
P-X Transmitter operating in the Conductive mode X is L, 1, 2 or 5 to
indicate output power in Watts (L = 1/2 Watt)