Seagate ST9190 Series User manual

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ST9190 Family:
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ST9140AG
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ST9190AG
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AT Interface Drives
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Installation Guide
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© 1993 Seagate Technology, Inc. All rights reserved
Publication Number: 36231-001, Rev. A
July 1993
Seagate®
, Seagate Technology® and the Seagate logo are
registered trademarks of Seagate Technology, Inc. SeaFAX,
SeaFONE, SeaBOARDand SeaTDDare trademarks of
Seagate Technology, Inc. Other product names are registered
trademarks or trademarks of their owners.
Seagate reserves the right to change, without notice, product
offerings or specifications. No part of this publication may be
reproduced in any form without written permissionfrom Seagate
Technology, Inc.
Contents
Read before you begin ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Configuring the drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Attaching cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Mounting the drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Configuring system BIOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Formatting and partitioning the drive . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Installation troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Technical support services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Read before you begin ...
Application. Your drive is designed for IBM AT and compatible
personal computers, particularly laptop and notebook models.
Warning. Turnoffthecomputerbeforeyouopenthecase,touch
any internal components or install the drive.
Note. Special training or tools may be needed to servicelaptop
andnotebookcomputers.Openingthecasemayvoidyour
warranty. Review the terms and conditions of your war-
ranty before opening the case.
Static discharge. Observe the followingprecautions:
•Keep the drivein its static-shieldedbag until you are ready to
completetheinstallation.Donotattachanycablestothedrive
while it is in its static-shieldedbag.
•Handle the drive by its edges or frame.
•Do not touch the I/O connector pins or the circuit board.
•Before handling any components, put on a grounded wrist
strap, or ground yourself frequently by touching the metal
chassis of a computer that is plugged into a grounded outlet.
•Use antistatic padding on all work surfaces.
•Avoid static-inducing carpeted areas.
Drive handling. The drive is extremely fragile—handle it with
care. Do not attach labels to any part of the drive.
Inspection. Once you are familiar with the handlingprecautions
listed above, inspect the drive. If it appears to be damaged, call
your distributor or dealer immediately.
Warranty. See your authorized Seagate®
distributor or dealer.
ST9190 Family Installation Guide, Rev. A 1

Maintenance and repair. Seagate drives do not require main-
tenance.Thehead/discassemblyissealed;ifyoubreaktheseal,
you voidthe warranty. Seagate customer servicecenters are the
only facilities authorized to repair Seagate drives. Seagate does
not sanction any third-party repair facilities.
Shipping. Keep your original box and packing materials for
transporting or shipping your drive. The box has a
Seagate
Approved Package
label. Shipping a drive in an unapproved
container voids the warranty. Call your authorized Seagate dis-
tributor to purchase additional boxes.
Configuring the drive
Put on a grounded wrist strap. If you are grounding yourself
to the chassis of the computer, plug the power cord into a
grounded outlet. Wear a grounded wrist strap throughout the
installation procedure.
Install master/slave jumpers. In atwo-drive system, you needto
designateonedriveas themaster,ordrive0,andtheotherdriveas
the slave, or drive 1. Ina one-drivesystem,configurethedrive as a
master. To configure the drive as a master or slave, install the
master/slave jumpers as shownin Figure 1.
As an alternative to configuring the drive as a master or slave
using jumper settings, you can use a specialized daisy-chain
cable that grounds pin 28 (CSEL) on only one of its two drive
connectors.Inthiscase,adrivebecomesamasterifitisattached
to the grounded CSELconnector; otherwise it becomes a slave.
To configure an ST9190 family drive for master/slave selection
usingcabling, install both master/slavejumpers. In choosingthis
approach, you should be aware that the drive consumes less
power with fewer jumpers installed.
2 ST9190 Family Installation Guide, Rev. A

Master/slave
configuration
jumpers
Pin 1 Pin 20 removed
for keying Circuit board
B D
A C
Drive is master; slave may be detected using DASP– signal
Drive is master; Seagate slave drive present
Drive is slave; Seagate master drive present
Use CSEL pin grounding to differentiate master from slave
Figure 1. ATA interface cable connector and
master/slave configuration jumpers
ST9190 Family Installation Guide, Rev. A 3

Attaching cables
This drive is designed for a host computer that supplies interface
signals and +5V power through a single 44-pin connector and
cable. If your computer has a fixed connector that attaches
directlytothedrive,skipaheadtothefollowingsection,“Mounting
the drive.” Otherwise, perform the followingsteps:
1. Turn off the computer. In some notebook and laptop com-
puters, you may need to remove the battery.
2. Put on a grounded wrist strap.
3. Connect the 44-pin interface/power cable. Connect the
44-pin interface/power cable. Match pin 1 of the interface
cable to pin 1 of the interface connector on the drive and on
the computer. Pin 1 is usually denoted by a stripe along one
edge of the ribbon cable. The location of pin 1 on the drive
interface connector is shownin Figure 1 on page3. The cable
should be no longer than 18 inches.
Caution. The printed circuit cables used in some laptop com-
puters are delicate. Be careful not to tear them.
Mounting the drive
You can mount the drive in any orientation using the four side
mounting screws or the four bottom mounting screws. Be careful
not to crimp or strain the connector cable. If you plug the drive
directly into a fixed connector, be careful not to bend the drive
connector pins.
Caution. To avoid damaging the drive:
•Allow a minimum clearance of 0.030 inches (0.762 mm)
around the entire perimeter of the drive for heat dissipation.
4 ST9190 Family Installation Guide, Rev. A

•Use M3X0.5 metric mounting screws only .
•Do not insert mounting screws more than 0.150 inches into
the screw holes.
•Do
not overtighten the screws (maximum torque: 3 inch-lb).
This drive is designed according to the industry-standard MCC
mounting specifications and mustbe used with MCC-compatible
connectors and mounting hardware in fixed-mounting applica-
tions. If the mountingscrewsin your computer donot line up with
the screw holes on the drive, your computer may not be MCC
compatible.
Configuring system BIOS
Before your computer can recognize anew drive,you must enter
basic information about the drive into the computer’s BIOS.
Specifically, you need to know the number of cylinders, heads,
and sectors, and the overall capacity of the drive you are install-
ing. It is not necessary to understand these terms to set up the
system BIOS. The table below lists these specifications for the
ST9190 family drives.
Drive Specification ST9190AG ST9140AG
No. cylinders 873 980
No. read/write heads 16 15
No. sectors per track 24 17
Total No. sectors 335,232 249,900
Bytes per sector 512 512
Capacity (Mbytes)
BIOS calculated 163.6 121.9
Usable 171.6 127.9
ST9190 Family Installation Guide, Rev. A 5

To determine which drive types your BIOS supports, read your
computer documentation or run your system setup program.
Alternatively, you can run the FINDTYPE.EXE utility program,
available from Seagate TechnicalSupport services (on the Sea-
BOARD BBS).
ThemethodsusedtoconfiguresystemBIOSvaryfromcomputer
to computer. In some computers you can run a setup program
fromtheDOSprompt.Inothercomputers,youmustinitiateBIOS
setup by pressing certain keys whilethe computer is booting up.
See your system documentation.
Within the setup program, there are three possible ways that you
can specify your drive type:
•Matchyourdrivespecifications(fromthe tableonpage5)with
those of a drive type listed in the setup program.
•Specify a custom or user-defined drive type in the setup
program, then manually enter your drive specifications (from
the table on page 5).
•Select a drive type having specifications lower than those
required for your drive, and allow your drive to mimic thedrive
type selected.
When you enter drive specifications for a custom or user-defined
drive type, the BIOS should display a drive capacity equal to that
listedasBIOScalculatedcapacityinthetableonpage5.Thisvalue
isslightlylower than the usable drive capacity.
Ina fewsituations, none ofthe drivetypes specified inyourBIOS
setup program will match your drive, and the setup program will
not provide an opportunity to specify a custom drive type. In this
case, choose the third option described above—allowing your
ST9190 family drive to mimic one of the BIOS-supported drive
6 ST9190 Family Installation Guide, Rev. A

types.During the BIOS setup process, simplyselecta drivetype
with a capacity that is
less than or equal to the drive’s BIOS
calculated capacity listed in the table on page 5. This drive type
should have no more than 16 read/write heads or 63 sectors per
track. In addition, the total number of sectors for that drive type
(listed in the setup program) should not exceed the number of
cylinders timesthenumberofread/writeheadstimesthenumber
of sectors per track. In other words,
total sectors per drive ≤
(
No. cylinders )×( No.read/writeheads ) ×( No.sectorsper track ).
BIOS compatibility notes
The ST9190 family drives conform to ATA interface specifica-
tions. For a detailed description of the ATA commands imple-
mentedbythesedrives,seethe
SeagateST9190FamilyProduct
Manual
and the Seagate ATA Interface Reference Manual . The
host system BIOS must provide support for the ATA interface
command set. Several key compatibility issues are discussed
below.
In accordance with ATAspecifications, the BIOS must reset any
emulation/translation parameters after a hard reset is received
from the host.
In some configurations, the ST9190 family ATA interface drives
may supply up to 16 bytes of error correction code (ECC) with
the Read Long and Write Long commands. Depending on the
drivetype,yoursystemBIOSmay look for4bytesofECC.Ifyour
system BIOS expects 4 bytes of ECC and the drive supplies a
different number of bytes, some drive diagnostic programs may
fail, typically resulting in time-out errors. Consult your computer
documentation or call your computer dealer or manufacturer for
information on configuring your computer toreceivemore than4
bytes of ECC.
ST9190 Family Installation Guide, Rev. A 7

Note. Some older drive diagnostic programs may incorrectly
report an ECC detection failure when analyzing an
ST9190 family drive. This occurs because the drive hard-
ware corrects the data automatically, avoiding the error
rather than reporting it. Such a report does not indicate a
drive malfunction.
Formatting and partitioning the drive
Caution. Formatting or partitioning a drive that contains data
destroys that data. Make sure all data hasbeen safely
backedupbeforerepartitioningorreformattingadrive.
Seagate Technology assumes no liability for lost data.
Low-level formatting
SeagateATInterfacedrivesarelow-levelformattedat thefactory
and do not require additional low-level formatting prior to use.
Partitioning
Asingle disc drive can be subdivided into partitions that behave
as separate drives (labeledC, D, E, etc.). Versionsof DOSprior
toVersion4.0 are not abletoaccessmorethan 32 Mbytesofdisc
space as a single drive. Therefore, drives having a capacity of
over 32 Mbytes
must be divided into several smaller partitions
for use with these older versions of DOS. Seagate does not
recommendusing ST9190 family drives withDOSversions priorto
Version 3.3.
To partition a drive, you must first boot the computer using a
floppydiskthatcontainssystemfiles.Partitionthedriveusingthe
DOS FDISK utility program (described in your DOS manual). If
youarepartitioninga drivethatwillbe usedto bootthecomputer,
make sure that the primary DOS partition is marked active.
8 ST9190 Family Installation Guide, Rev. A

High-level formatting
After you partition the drive, use the DOS FORMAT command
(or equivalent utility program) to high-level format each of the
drive partitions. This process verifies the information written by
the low-level format and creates file allocation tables (used to
catalogandaccessfiles).ConsultyourDOSmanualforFORMAT
command options. During formatting, you must copy DOS sys-
tem filesto one disc partition (generally the“C” drive), so that the
computer can boot off of that drive. After high-level formatting a
drive, you can verify the usable drive capacity using the DOS
CHKDSK utility program.
Installation troubleshooting
Before calling Seagate Technical Support, please read and con-
sider all the possibilities discussed below. The suggestions pre-
sentedherewillresolvethevastmajority ofinstallationproblems.
General Troubleshooting Techniques. The following trou-
bleshooting techniques address the most common drive instal-
lation problems. Methods for resolving specific problems are
provided on subsequent pages.
Warning. Alwaysturnoffthecomputerbeforechangingjumpers
or touching any internal components.
•Verify hardware compatibility. Check the documentation
for the drive and host adapter to confirm that these compo-
nents are appropriately matched for each other and to your
system.
•Verify your hardware configuration. Refer to the drive and
controller installation guides to make sure all jumper settings
suit your host computer’s requirements.
ST9190 Family Installation Guide, Rev. A 9

•Check all cables. Make sure all cables are securely con-
nected.Printedcircuitandribboncablesarebothquitefragile.
Make sure they are not crimped or damaged in any way.
Having extra cables on hand for troubleshooting saves time
and frustration. Most ribbon cables have a stripe down one
side to designate the pin 1 location. Make sure pin 1 on the
interface cable connector is connected to pin 1 on the drive
interface connector and pin 1 on the host connector. Refer to
Figure 1 on page 3 for the location of pin 1 on the drive
interface connector.
•Check all cards. Check to see that all cards are secured in
their expansion slots on the motherboard. Make sure that full
size (16-bit) cards are not plugged into half-size (8-bit) slots.
After the cards are permanently installed and the system is
runningproperly, use mountingscrewsto secure the cards in
place.
•Check thepower supply specifications. Theoutputofyour
power supplymay notbe sufficient to meetthepowerrequire-
ments of the new devices you have installed. If you are not
sure whether the power supply meets the system require-
ments, consult your computer dealer or distributor.
•Use the same version of DOS throughout your system.
ThesameversionofDOSmustbeusedthroughoutallphases
of building and configuring your system.
•Verify the BIOS drive type. The BIOS drive type you speci-
fied during system setup must approximate, but not exceed,
the specifications and maximum drive capacity of the disc
drive. Refer to the BIOS configuration section of this manual
to double checkyour drive specifications against those speci-
fied in your system BIOS.
10 ST9190 Family Installation Guide, Rev. A

•Check for viruses. Before installing any new software, use
a virus checkingprogramto scan the installationdiskettes for
viruses. Symptoms of virusescan includeintermittent system
lock-ups, reboots and drive errors.
Specific Troubleshooting Techniques. Methods for resolving
specific drive installation problems are listed on the following
pages. These methods incorporate many of the general trou-
bleshooting techniques described in the previous section.
The screen goes blank when you power up the computer.
•Make sure the monitor is plugged in and turned on.
•Check all cards. Make sure the video card is seated in its slot
and secured with mounting screws.
•Check all cables. Makesure the video card cables(if any) are
securely attached.
•Powerdownthecomputerandremovethedrivehostadapter.
If the screen comes on after youreboot, the host adapter may
be incompatible or defective. If so, see your dealer.
At startup, the computer does not recognize the presence
of the drive.
•Check all cables.
•Check jumper settings on all drives.
•Check the power supply specifications.
•Rebootthecomputerandmakesurethedrivespinsup.Ifyour
drive is very quiet, it may be difficult to hear it spin up—check
the drive activity LED, if your computer has one. If the drive
does not spin up, check the drive cables again.
•Verify the BIOS drive type.
ST9190 Family Installation Guide, Rev. A 11

•Trya warmboot.PressCTRL,ALT,andDELETEatthesame
time to reboot the computer without turning off thepower. If a
warmbootcausesapreviouslyunrecognizeddrivetobecome
recognized,there may bea timingproblem, inwhichthe drive
fails to become ready before the host completes its power-on
self-test.
One possible solution is to slow the processor speed of your
computer duringstartup. If your computer has a turbo switch,
turn it off before powering-on the computer. If your computer
doesnothaveaturboswitch,youmaybeabletousekeyboard
commands to slow the processor speed. After the computer
is up and running, return your processor speed to fast. (See
your computer manual for details.) Another solution is to
simply warm-boot your computer after every power-on.
•Check for I/O address conflicts. To isolate the conflict, first
verify thatthe driveand hostadapter are compatible with your
system by disconnecting all of the other peripherals (except
the videocard). Then install the drive andhost adapter. Next,
install the other peripherals, one at a time, until the conflict
reappears. After you have isolated the source of the address
conflicts, you can resolve the conflict by changing the I/O
address of the peripheral that appears to cause the conflict.
The dealer partitioned and high-level formatted the drive for
you in the store. Later, you installed the drive and it does
not work.
•Reboot the computer and make sure the drive spins up.
•Check all cables.
•Check the power supply specifications.
•Use the same versionof DOSthroughout yoursystem.Check
withyourdealertomakesuretheDOSversionthedealerused
12 ST9190 Family Installation Guide, Rev. A

to partition and high-level format the drive is the same as the
version you have installed on your computer.
•VerifytheBIOSdrivetype.YoumustusethesameBIOSdrive
type or translationgeometryto install the drive that thedealer
used to partition and high-level format it.
•Check for memory conflicts.
•Check for viruses.
During FDISK, the computer hangs or fails to create or save
the partition record.
•Check all cables.
•The FDISK program on your DOS utilities diskette may be
corrupted. Try a backup DOS diskette.
•Make the partitions smaller.
•Use another drive type or translation geometry. Sometimes
thehost BIOSdoes notacceptaparticulartranslationgeome-
try even though that geometry is listed as an option during
system setup.
•Change the interrupt jumper setting on the host adapter.
•Check for media defects at the beginningof the drive (where
the partition record is stored). Use a third-party surface hard-
disc scan utility.
During FDISK, the error message, “No Fixed Disk Present,”
appears.
•Check all cables.
•Check the power supply specifications.
•Reboot the computer and make sure the drive spins up.
•Verify the BIOS drive type.
ST9190 Family Installation Guide, Rev. A 13

•Check for I/O address conflicts.
During high-level formatting, the drive keeps finding hard
errors and reporting the following message.“Attempting to
recover allocation units. . .”
•This is normal with DOS Version 4.0 or later. The drive will
formatnormally.However, after formatting the drive, you may
want to run a third-party surface-scan program to check for
bad sectors.
During high-level formatting, the drive does not format to
full usable capacity.
•Check to make sure that youentered thecorrect drivetype or
translationgeometryintheBIOSsetupprogram(forexample,
you should not specify more than 1,024 cylinders). If this is
thecase,youmustrunthe setupprogramagain,thenpartition
and high-level format the drive again.
Note. Your drive’s formatted capacity is limited to the capacity
of the BIOS geometry you selected. If your BIOS does not
offer a geometry that takes advantage of the full capacity
of thedrive, anda user-defined drivetype is not available,
use a third-party partitioning utility.
•Run FDISK again and make the partitions smaller.
At startup, the DOS messages, “Disk Boot Failure,” “Non-
System Disk,” or “No ROM Basic - SYSTEM HALTED,”
appear.
•Check all cables.
•Check to make sure that the same version of DOS is in use
throughout your system.
•Reinstall the DOS system files using the DOS SYS utility.
14 ST9190 Family Installation Guide, Rev. A

•Make sure the primary partition is active in FDISK.
•Check for viruses.
During operation, the system error message, “Drive not
Ready,” appears.
•Check all cables. For each ribbon cable, verify that pin 1 of
thecable is matched to pin 1 of the connector. Pin 1 is usually
denoted by a stripe on the side of the ribbon cable.
•Check the power supply specifications.
•Reboot the computer and make sure the drive spins up.
Technical support services
Always consult your computer dealer first for technical support.
Dealers are generally more familiar with unique system configu-
rations.
Technical support is availablefor all Seagate products by calling
the SeaFAX, Seagate Technical Support FAX, SeaFONE,
SeaBOARDand SeaTDDservices.
SeaFAX. 408/438-2620
You can use a touch-tone telephone to access Seagate’s
automated FAX system to receive technical support informa-
tion by return FAX. This service is available 24 hours daily.
Seagate Technical Support FAX. [phone]
You can FAX questions or comments to technical support
specialists 24 hours daily. Responses are sent between
8:00A.M. and 5:00P.M. (Pacific time), Monday through Friday.
SeaFONE. 408/438-8222
You can talk to a technical support specialist between
8:00 A.M. and 5:00 P.M. (Pacific time), Mondaythrough Friday.
ST9190 Family Installation Guide, Rev. A 15

SeaFONE provides recorded technical information on se-
lected Seagate products while you are on hold. You can
accesstherecordings24hoursdaily.Beforecalling, noteyour
computer configuration and drive model number (ST
xxxx ).
SeaBOARD
Using a modem, you can:
•Access documentation, drive specifications and jumper
settings for Seagate’s entire product line.
•Download software for installing and analyzingyour drive.
•Request a return phone call from the technical support
staff.
SeaBOARDis available 24 hours daily.It supports communi-
cations up to 9,600 baud. Set your communications software
to eight data bits, no parity, and one stop bit (8-N-1). Sea-
BOARD phone numbers are listed in the following table.
Location Modem number
United States 408-438-8771
Canada 416-856-5581
England 44-62-847-8011
France 33-1-40 67 10 34
Germany 49-89-140-9331
Singapore 65-292-6973
Australia 61-2-756-2359
Korea 82-2-556-7294
SeaTDD. 408/438-5382
Using a telecommunications device for the deaf (TDD), you can
send questions or comments 24 hours daily and exchange
16 ST9190 Family Installation Guide, Rev. A

messages with a technical support specialist between 8:00 A.M.
and 5:00 P.M. (Pacific time), Monday through Friday.
ST9190 Family Installation Guide, Rev. A 17

Seagate Technology, Inc.
920 Disc Drive, Scotts Valley, CA 95066, USA
Publication Number: 36231-001, Rev. A, Printed in USA