Semikron Semitop e2 User manual

PROMGT.1026/ Rev.7/ Template Technical Explanation

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1. Introduction...............................................................................................................................1

1.1 Features ..............................................................................................................................2

1.2 Hardware of the SEMITOP E2 1200V MLI Inverter Board ............................................................2

2. Safety Instructions .....................................................................................................................4

3. Technical Data ...........................................................................................................................6

3.1 Inverter board block diagram..................................................................................................6

3.2 Electrical and mechanical characteristics ..................................................................................6

3.3 Integrated functions ..............................................................................................................9

3.3.1 Gate protection............................................................................................................. 10

3.3.2 VCE,desat diodes .............................................................................................................. 10

3.3.3 Active clamping ............................................................................................................ 10

3.4 Board description ................................................................................................................ 10

3.4.1 Plugs for driver board adaptation ....................................................................................11

3.4.2 Active clamping ............................................................................................................ 11

3.4.3 Plugs for driver board adaptation ....................................................................................12

4. User Interface .......................................................................................................................... 13

4.1 Driver board interface..........................................................................................................13

4.2 DC and AC interface ............................................................................................................ 13

5. Restrictions and Requirements ................................................................................................... 14

5.1 Switching pattern of (T)MLI modules ..................................................................................... 14

5.2 Error treatment................................................................................................................... 14

5.3 Design limits active clamping................................................................................................ 14

5.4 Design limits switching frequency.......................................................................................... 14

5.5 Design limits ambient temperature ........................................................................................ 14

5.6 SEMIKRON assembly ........................................................................................................... 14

1. Introduction

SEMIKRON set up a 3-phase inverter board for operating SEMITOP E2 1200V MLI modules for evaluation

purposes. The SEMITOP E2 1200V MLI Inverter Board (“inverter board”) is designed to operate with three

SKYPER12 (T)MLI Driver Boards (also a SEMIKRON Application Sample; Technical Explanation available),

one per phase leg. It is designed to operate the module up to a DC-link voltage of 1500V (limited by

insulation coordination) at a maximum switching frequency of 30kHz (limited by insulation coordination);

i.e. higher switching frequencies are possible with a revision of the insulation coordination and the

limitation of the gate driver needs to be taken into account.

Three driver boards (SKYPER 12 (T)MLI Driver Board) are mounted to the inverter board, one per phase

leg (one driver operates switches T1 and T2, the other operates switches T3 and T4). The 1200V MLI phase

leg is split in two SEMITOP E2 module housings, one inheriting switches T1, D1, T2, D2 and D5, the other

housing T3, D3, T4, D4 and D6 (see Figure 1).

The inverter board provides active clamping diodes for all switches and VCE,desat detection diodes for the

outer switches T1 and T4 utilizing the driver boards’ protection functionality. Further all modules have a

built-in NTC sensor (six in total) which are all monitored.

Please read also the Technical Explanation –SKYPER12 (T)MLI Driver Board for detailed information on the

driver boards used together with the inverter board described in this document.

Technical Explanation

SEMITOP E2 1200V

MLI Inverter Board

Revision:

Issue date:

2018-12-03

Prepared by:

Ingo Rabl

Reviewed by:

Approved by:

Ulrich Nicolai

Keyword: MLI, IGBT driver, inverter, Application Sample, 451375

PROMGT.1026/ Rev.7/ Template Technical Explanation

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Figure 1: Split MLI in SEMITOP E2

This Application Sample is dedicated to both universities and professional development engineers. It offers

an easy way to set up a three phase inverter with SEMITOP E2 MLI modules and 2L drivers for a DC-link

voltage up to 1500V. Performance tests can be run to prove the possibility of operation at high DC-link

voltages and the high output power.

1.1 Features

The SEMITOP E2 1200V MLI Inverter Board is designed for SK150MLIT12F4TE2 (top half module) and

SK150MLIB12F4TE2 (bottom half module). Both are rated 150A and come with 1200V semiconductors.

Figure 2: SEMITOP E2

Of course all other pin compatible modules can be used as well as long as the design limits are met (e.g.

maximum DC voltage and maximum driver output current may not be exceeded).

1.2 Hardware of the SEMITOP E2 1200V MLI Inverter Board

The SEMITOP E2 1200V MLI Inverter Board consists of a printed circuit board (PCB): it is called “SEMITOP

E2 1200V MLI Inverter Board” with item number 45137501. It provides sockets for three SKYPER12 (T)MLI

Driver Boards, six slots for the power modules (three top half modules and three bottom half modules), DC

and AC terminals.

DC+

N AC

DC-

N AC

MLIT

MLIB

(Top half)

(Bottom half)

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Figure 3: SKYPER12 (T)MLI Driver Board top view

Depending on the power ratings and the operating conditions (voltage, current, and inductance of the DC-

link connection) it might be necessary to adjust gate resistors, activate or deactivate active clamping

sensing and trip levels of the safety circuits.

The Gerber files of the board are available on request. For ordering the board or the files please contact

your SEMIKRON sales partner.

An appropriate heatsink (and mechanical support for the inverter board) needs to be provided by the user

(see also chapter 3.2).

PROMGT.1026/ Rev.7/ Template Technical Explanation

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2. Safety Instructions

The SEMITOP E2 1200V MLI Inverter Board bares risks when put in operation. Please carefully read and

obey the following safety instructions to avoid harm or damage to persons or gear.

Table 1: Safety instructions

In operation the SEMITOP E2 1200V MLI

Inverter Board inherits high voltages that are

dangerous to life!

Only qualified personnel should work with the

Kit.

Some parts of the SEMITOP E2 1200V MLI

Inverter Board or connected devices (e.g.

heatsink) may reach high temperatures that

might lead to burns when touched.

When connected to DC-link capacitors it must

be made sure that the DC-link voltage is

reduced to values below 30V before touching

the system.

Insulation coordination and testing has been

performed regarding a PE connection of one

potential. It is mandatory to provide a PE

connection with sufficient cross section when

operating the SEMITOP E2 1200V MLI

Inverter Board.

PROMGT.1026/ Rev.7/ Template Technical Explanation

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Table 2: Safety regulations for work with electrical equipment

Please follow the safety regulations for working safe with the SEMITOP E2 1200V MLI Inverter Board.

Table 3: No access for people with active implanted cardiac devices!

Operating the Application Sample may go along with electromagnetic fields which may disturb cardiac

devices.

People with cardiac devices shall not operate the device.

Please make sure to always use the appropriate personal safety equipment when working with

the Application Sample.

Safety Regulations

for work with electrical equipment

1) Disconnect mains!

2) Prevent reconnection!

3) Test for absence of harmful voltages!

4) Ground and short circuit!

5) Cover or close of nearby live parts!

To energize, apply in reverse order!

PROMGT.1026/ Rev.7/ Template Technical Explanation

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3. Technical Data

3.1 Inverter board block diagram

The electrical block diagram in Figure 4 shows two parts: the blue marked part represents the three driver

boards required to operate the inverter. The red part represents the power modules of the three phase legs

which together with the grey part (the DC-link) forms the SEMITOP E2 1200V MLI Inverter Board.

Figure 4: SEMITOP E2 1200V MLI Inverter Board block diagram

3.2 Electrical and mechanical characteristics

With regard to the requirement specification the SEMITOP E2 1200V MLI Inverter Board allows for

operation within the following boundaries:

-Max. DC-link voltage VDC = 1500V in total, max. 750V per individual DC-link half

-Max. AC voltage VAC = 1000VRMS (line-to-line)

-Ambient temperature Ta= 0°C…40°C (see chapter 5.5 for further information)

-CTI rating of AppS PCBs > 175

Neglecting the above mentioned boundaries may lead to malfunction or damage of the SEMITOP E2 1200V

MLI Inverter Board.

The overall responsibility for a proper insulation coordination remains with the user.

The inverter board is 300mm long and 330mm wide. Including SEMITOP E2 modules the total height is

60mm.

DC+/N/ DC-

SEMITOP E2 1200V MLI Inverter Board

NTC

active

clamping

VCE desat

detection

3x AC

DC+

N AC

DC-

N AC

NTC

SKYPER12 (T)MLI Driver

Board

Interface

DC+

DC-

CDC-link

DC-

DC+

3x Interface

PROMGT.1026/ Rev.7/ Template Technical Explanation

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Figure 5: SEMITOP E2 1200V MLI Inverter Board (“inverter board”), top side

Figure 5 shows the top side of the inverter board. Here the diodes for the active clamping circuit are

located.

The SEMITOP E2 power semiconductor modules are mounted on the bottom side of the inverter board

(Figure 6).

330mm

300mm

PROMGT.1026/ Rev.7/ Template Technical Explanation

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Figure 6: SEMITOP E2 1200V MLI Inverter Board (“inverter board”), bottom side

The user needs to provide a heatsink and a mechanical support for the inverter board. The drill holes that

need to be made are marked in Figure 7. The red circled holes have a diameter of 4.3mm to take M4

supporting posts. The blue circled holes have a diameter of 9mm; through these holes the M4 screws for

mounting the modules can be reached.

The support posts must be able to isolate the DC-link voltage from the heatsink, i.e. no metal posts may be

used.

PROMGT.1026/ Rev.7/ Template Technical Explanation

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Figure 7: SEMITOP E2 1200V MLI Inverter Board drill holes for mounting

3.3 Integrated functions

The driver board has some optional integrated safety functions to protect the power module from certain

harmful conditions.

PROMGT.1026/ Rev.7/ Template Technical Explanation

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3.3.1 Gate protection

For gate protection purposes the inverter board is by default equipped with a 10kresistor and a

bidirectional 15V TVS diode between gate and emitter connection of every IGBT. Thus the ESD sensitive

gates are protected even if no driver board is plugged to the inverter board.

3.3.2 VCE,desat diodes

In order to detect desaturation events a diode between collector and the particular driver stage is required.

This diode is located close to each collector on the power board. VCE,desat detection, however, is only

possible, when the driver supports this functionality. SEMIKRON’s SKYPER12 (T)MLI Driver Board supports

desaturation detection.

3.3.3 Active clamping

All required circuitry to provide an operative active clamping protection of the four IGBTs per phase leg is

located on the inverter board. By default the TVS diodes that limit the maximum voltage across each IGBT

are not equipped as the correct value depends on the precise operating conditions (e.g. DC voltage). A

feedback pin from the active clamping to the driver is provided to be able to turn off the output stage of

the driver in order not to work against the active clamping (this functionality is available with the

SKYPER12 (T)MLI Driver Board).

3.4 Board description

Several components are meant to be changed by the user, i.e. an adaptation to the application conditions.

The connections to DC supply and AC output are marked in Figure 8; it also shows three dotted frames

(orange, red and green) which mark three congruent areas (for different phase legs). One of those is

picked exemplarily and explained in detail in Figure 9.

Figure 8: Top side of the inverter board; DC and AC connections

The components that can be changed by the user on the inverter board are marked with different coloured

frames in Figure 8. Figure 9 shows the positions exemplarily at phase V (the light blue dotted frame in

DC+ terminals

Neutral terminals

AC terminals

Circuitry dedicated to phase V

Circuitry dedicated to phase W

Circuitry dedicated to phase U

DC- terminals

PROMGT.1026/ Rev.7/ Template Technical Explanation

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Figure 9 represents the orange, red and green dotted frames in Figure 8). The positions of all parts are

congruent for phase U, phase V and phase W and only the leading digit in the part number is increased by

one from phase U to phase V and by one from phase V to phase W. Example: X201 ⇒upper half module

phase U; X301 ⇒upper half module phase V, X401 ⇒upper half module phase W.

Figure 9 shows also the position where the SEMIKRON SKYPER12 (T)MLI Driver Board can be plugged to

the inverter board (dotted purple frame).

Function and possible values are explained in chapters 3.4.1 to 3.4.3.

Figure 9: Top side of the driver board; user-changeable components are framed

3.4.1 Plugs for driver board adaptation

The inverter board is designed to be operated with three SKYPER12 (T)MLI Driver Boards (see separate

Technical Explanation for further information [1]). The driver board can be connected to the inverter board

via four 6-pin plugs (framed dotted purple in Figure 9).

3.4.2 Active clamping

Figure 10 shows the schematic of the active clamping circuit as it is realized on the inverter board. The

orange resistor represents the turn-off resistor which limits the current charging the gate when the active

clamping is in operation. It can be found in Figure 9 framed solid orange. These parts are equipped by

default with 1MiniMELF resistors.

The four SMB sized pads per switch for the TVS diodes (marked green in Figure 10, framed solid green in

Figure 9) are unpopulated by default. If the TVS diodes are not installed (no active clamping functionality)

it is necessary to deactivate the clamp sensing input of the SKYPER12 (T)MLI Driver Board if it is in use

with the inverter board (see also [1]).

G-E SMB-size suppressor diode

G-E resistor

Pads for 4x SMB-size TVS diodes for

active clamping

Plugs for driver board

1x MiniMELF / 1206 pads for active

clamping turn-off resistor

X303

X304

X305

X306

Circuitry dedicated to T1

Circuitry dedicated to T3

Circuitry dedicated to T4

Circuitry dedicated to T2

PROMGT.1026/ Rev.7/ Template Technical Explanation

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Figure 10: Schematic of active clamping

Please refer to chapter 5.3 for further information.

3.4.3 Plugs for driver board adaptation

The SEMITOP E2 modules that can be operated with the inverter board have a built-in NTC temperature

sensor. Figure 11 shows an excerpt of the NTC characteristic which includes the most interesting

temperature range between 70°C and 150°C. The full characteristic can be found in the Technical

Explanations of SEMITOP E or can be calculated from the formula given in the SEMITOP E2 datasheets [1].

Figure 11: SEMITOP E2 NTC characteristic (excerpt)

to clamp sensing

input of SKYPER 12

(T)MLI Driver Board

connected to gate

driver output

TVS diodes

suppressor diode for

gate protection

100k

Active clamping

turn-off resistor

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150

[]

[°C]

PROMGT.1026/ Rev.7/ Template Technical Explanation

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4. User Interface

4.1 Driver board interface

The connection between inverter board and driver board is established by X203, X204, X205 and X206 for

phase U, X303, X304, X305 and X306 for phase V and X403, X404, X405 and X406 for phase W.

Plugs Xxx3and Xxx6show the same pinout as well as plugs Xxx4and Xxx5. The pinouts are explained in

Table 4 and Table 5.

Table 4: Xxx3 (Xxx6) on inverter board interface to driver board

Description

Gate potential of T1 (T4)

Active Clamping sense of T1 (T4)

Emitter potential of T1 (T4)

Pin T+ of SEMITOP E2 module’s NTC sensor T1 (T4)

VCE,desat detection of T1 (T4)

Pin T- of SEMITOP E2 module’s NTC sensor T1 (T4)

Table 5: Xxx4 (Xxx5) on inverter board interface to driver board

Description

Gate potential of T2 (T3)

Active Clamping sense of T2 (T3)

Emitter potential of T2 (T3)

not connected

VCE,desat detection of T2 (T3)

not connected

4.2 DC and AC interface

The DC and AC interfaces are realized by PCB contact areas where cable shoes can be directly mounted by

using an M6 screw. A washer with the same size as the PCB contact area allows for a planar contact

between cable shoe and inverter board.

The cable shoes may not exceed the size of the DC contact areas in order not to reduce insulation

distances.

PROMGT.1026/ Rev.7/ Template Technical Explanation

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5. Restrictions and Requirements

This chapter claims some restrictions that must be paid attention to in order to avoid damage to inverter

board or power semiconductor.

5.1 Switching pattern of (T)MLI modules

A detailed explanation of the MLI switching pattern is given in the SEMIKRON Application Note AN-11001

[3]. Summed up always an inner IGBT (T2 or T3) must be switched on first, the corresponding outer IGBT

(T1 or T4) after a short while, namely when the inner IGBT is entirely switched on. For switch-off this

sequence must be maintained in reverse order: it must be made sure that T1 (T4) is thoroughly turned off

before T2 (T3) may be switched off.

This sequence is recommended to be maintained at any time, even and especially in case of

emergency shut-down (e.g. because of over current or desaturation).

5.2 Error treatment

The inverter board provides active clamping functionality only. In case desaturation events or thermal

overloads take place, the connected driver needs to react accordingly. All required functionality for an

extensive error management is integrated in the SKYPER12 (T)MLI Driver Board. SEMIKRON recommends

using this driver board for proper and save operation.

If other driving equipment shall be used it must be made sure that the aforementioned events are treated

correctly.

5.3 Design limits active clamping

The clamping voltage for protecting the IGBTs can be adjusted by changing the breakdown voltage of the

TVS diodes.

SEMIKRON recommends to use four diodes with the same breakdown voltage. Using less diodes and 0

jumpers instead or using diodes with different breakdown voltages influences the blocking voltage sharing

across the individual pads. This might influence the overall insulation capability. Therefore the insulation

capability needs to be checked in case this approach is desired.

The total breakdown voltage (sum of the breakdown voltages of all TVS diodes) must under all

circumstances (tolerances of the breakdown voltage, thermal drift) be lower than the breakdown voltage of

the IGBT that shall be protected.

On the other hand the clamping shall not work when just the maximum DC-link voltage is applied and the

inverter is operating in normal operation (i.e. maximum DC-link voltage plus voltage overshoot in normal

operation) in order not to increase the switching losses.

5.4 Design limits switching frequency

The maximum switching frequency is determined by the used modules and their gate charge and the power

of the drivers. It is limited to 30kHz by insulation coordination. Further information on calculating the

switching frequency limit can be found in Application Note AN-7004 [5].

5.5 Design limits ambient temperature

This Application Sample has been developed as reference design for laboratory use and tested up to 40°C

accordingly.

However, it might be possible to extend the ambient temperature range; the responsibility to test and

qualify this larger range remains with the user.

5.6 SEMIKRON assembly

SEMIKRON has tested the Application Sample with three SKYPER12 (T)MLI Driver Boards utilizing not

optimized forced air cooled heatsink. All results shown are valid for the particular revisions shown in Table

6 only.

PROMGT.1026/ Rev.7/ Template Technical Explanation

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Table 6: Part revisions for SEMIKRON tests

Part

Revision

SEMITOP E2 1200V MLI Inverter Board

45137501_04

SKYPER 12

L5069901

SKYPER12 (T)MLI Driver Board

45137601_02

SK150MLIT12F4TE2

Datecode: 17010P R

SK150MLIB12F4TE2

Datecode: 17010P R

Variable part values have been chosen according to Table 7.

Table 7: Part values for SEMIKRON tests

Part

Resulting value for T1 and T4

Resulting value for T2 and T3

RGon

1.65

RGoff

1.65

RSoft

5.1

Active

Clamping

4x 170V (i.e. four TVS diodes with a

nominal breakdown voltage of 170V)

4x 170V (i.e. four TVS diodes with a nominal

breakdown voltage of 170V)

RCE

7.5k

n.c.

CCE

820pF

Rtemp,threshold



With the above mentioned values an absolute maximum operation up to 1500VDC and 75ARMS is possible at

all power factor values at a maximum ambient temperature of 40°C.

It can also withstand soft and hard short circuits, when the active clamping circuits are adjusted to come

into action at VCE=1000..1100V.

The SEMITOP E2 1200V MLI Inverter Board has passed isolation and partial discharge tests.

It is up to the customer to optimize user-changeable values according to the particular operation and do

the necessary tests with these changes.

PROMGT.1026/ Rev.7/ Template Technical Explanation

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Figure 1: Split MLI in SEMITOP E2 .....................................................................................................2

Figure 2: SEMITOP E2 ......................................................................................................................2

Figure 3: SKYPER12 (T)MLI Driver Board top view ...............................................................................3

Figure 4: SEMITOP E2 1200V MLI Inverter Board block diagram ............................................................6

Figure 5: SEMITOP E2 1200V MLI Inverter Board (“inverter board”), top side..........................................7

Figure 6: SEMITOP E2 1200V MLI Inverter Board (“inverter board”), bottom side ....................................8

Figure 7: SEMITOP E2 1200V MLI Inverter Board drill holes for mounting ...............................................9

Figure 8: Top side of the inverter board; DC and AC connections ......................................................... 10

Figure 9: Top side of the driver board; user-changeable components are framed................................... 11

Figure 10: Schematic of active clamping........................................................................................... 12

Figure 11: SEMITOP E2 NTC characteristic (excerpt) ..........................................................................12

Table 1: Safety instructions ..............................................................................................................4

Table 2: Safety regulations for work with electrical equipment ..............................................................5

Table 3: No access for people with active implanted cardiac devices! .....................................................5

Table 4: Xxx3 (Xxx6) on inverter board interface to driver board......................................................... 13

Table 5: Xxx4 (Xxx5) on inverter board interface to driver board......................................................... 13

Table 6: Part revisions for SEMIKRON tests....................................................................................... 15

Table 7: Part values for SEMIKRON tests .......................................................................................... 15

PROMGT.1026/ Rev.7/ Template Technical Explanation

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Symbols and Terms

Letter Symbol

Term

Three level

DC-

Negative potential (terminal) of a direct voltage source

DC+

Positive potential (terminal) of a direct voltage source

fsw

Switching frequency

GND

Ground

IGBT

Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor

Neutral potential (terminal) of a direct voltage source; midpoint between DC+

and DC-

n.c.

not connected

NTC

Temperature sensor with negative temperature coefficient

PELV

Protective Extra Low Voltage

PWM

Pulse Width Modulation

RGint

Internal gate resistance

RGoff

External gate series resistor at switch-off

RGon

External gate series resistor at switch-on

RMS

Root Mean Square

SELV

Safety Extra Low Voltage

Ambient temperature

Junction temperature

TNPC

T-type Neutral Point Clamped

TVS

Transient voltage suppressor

VCE

Collector-emitter voltage

VDC

Total supply voltage between DC+ and DC-

A detailed explanation of the terms and symbols can be found in the "Application Manual Power

Semiconductors" [2]

References

[1] www.SEMIKRON.com

[2] A. Wintrich, U. Nicolai, W. Tursky, T. Reimann, “Application Manual Power Semiconductors”, 2nd

edition, ISLE Verlag 2015, ISBN 978-3-938843-83-3

[3] I. Staudt, “3L NPC & TNPC Topology”, SEMIKRON Application Note, AN-11001 - rev05, 2015

[4] M. Hermwille, “Gate Resistor – Principles and Applications”, SEMIKRON Application Note, AN-7003 -

rev00, 2007

[5] M. Hermwille, “IGBT Driver Calculation”, SEMIKRON Application Note, AN-7004 - rev00, 2007

[6] J. Krapp, “Technical Explanation SKYPER®12 –rev5”, SEMIKRON Technical Explanation, 2017

[7] R. Agostini, “Technical Explanation SEMITOP®–rev5”, SEMIKRON Technical Explanation, 2017

PROMGT.1026/ Rev.7/ Template Technical Explanation

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IMPORTANT INFORMATION AND WARNINGS

The information in this document may not be considered as guarantee or assurance of product characteristics

("Beschaffenheitsgarantie"). This document describes only the usual characteristics of products to be expected in typical

applications, which may still vary depending on the specific application. Therefore, products must be tested for the

respective application in advance. Application adjustments may be necessary. The user of SEMIKRON products is

responsible for the safety of their applications embedding SEMIKRON products and must take adequate safety measures

to prevent the applications from causing a physical injury, fire or other problem if any of SEMIKRON products become

faulty. The user is responsible to make sure that the application design is compliant with all applicable laws, regulations,

norms and standards. Except as otherwise explicitly approved by SEMIKRON in a written document signed by authorized

representatives of SEMIKRON, SEMIKRON products may not be used in any applications where a failure of the product or

any consequences of the use thereof can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. No representation or

warranty is given and no liability is assumed with respect to the accuracy, completeness and/or use of any information

herein, including without limitation, warranties of non-infringement of intellectual property rights of any third party.

SEMIKRON does not assume any liability arising out of the applications or use of any product; neither does it convey any

license under its patent rights, copyrights, trade secrets or other intellectual property rights, nor the rights of others.

SEMIKRON makes no representation or warranty of non-infringement or alleged non-infringement of intellectual property

rights of any third party which may arise from applications. This document supersedes and replaces all information

previously supplied and may be superseded by updates. SEMIKRON reserves the right to make changes.

SEMIKRON INTERNATIONAL GmbH

Sigmundstrasse 200, 90431 Nuremberg, Germany

Tel: +49 911 6559 6663, Fax: +49 911 6559 262

sales@semikron.com, www.semikron.com

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