Shugart SA1000 User manual

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction ..................................................................... .
1.1 General Description .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1
1.2 Specification Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.. 2
1.2.1 Physical Specifications ................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2
1.2.2 Reliability Specifications
.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2
1.2.3 Performance Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.. 3
1.2.4 Functional Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.. 3
2.0 Functional Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.. 4
2.1 General Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4
2.2 Read/Write and Control Electronics
........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4
2.3 Drive Mechanism
..................................................... : . . . . . . . .. 5
2.4 Air Filtration System (Figure
1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5
2.5 Positioning Mechanism (Figure
2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5
2.6 Read/Write Heads and Disk(s). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.. 5
3.0 Functional Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7
3.1 Power Sequencing .............................................................. 7
3.2 Drive Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7
3.3 Track Accessing
................................ '. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7
3.4 Head Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.. 7
3.5
Read Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7
3.6 Write Operation
........................................... '. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 8
4.0 Electrical Interface .
J. . . . . . . . . . • • • • . • . . . • • . • . • • • • . . • . . . . • • • . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . . . • • . . . • • .. 8
4.1 Signal Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 8
4.1.1 Control Input Lines ..................................................... " ....... 10
4.1.1.1
DriveSelect1-4 ............................................................. 10
4.1.1.2 Direction
In ................................................................. 10
4.1.1.3 Step
....................................................................... 11
4.1 .1.4 Head Select 2° and 21 ......................................................... 12
4.1.1.5 Write Gate
... , .............................................................. 12
4.1.1.6 Reduced Write Current
........................................................ 12
4.1.2 Control Output Lines
............................................................ 13
4.1.2.1 Track 000
................................................................... 13
4.1.2.2 Index
...................................................................... 13
4.1.2.3 Ready
............................................................ 13
4.1.2.4 Write Fault. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
....... 14
4.1.2.5 Seek Complete
.............................................................. 14
4.1.3 Data Transfer Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...... 14
4.1.3.1 MFM Write Data
...... ' ....................................................... 15
4.1.3.2 MFM Read Data
............................................................. 15
4.1.3.3 Timing Clock
................................................................ 16
4.1.4 Select Status
................................................................. 16
4.1.5 General Timing Requirements
.................................................... 17
4.2 Power Interface
................................................................. 17
4.2.1 AC Power .................................................................... 17
4.2.2 DC Power .................................................................... 17
5.0 Physical Interface
.................................................................. 19
5.1 J1/P1 Connector ................................................................ 20
5.2 J2/P2 Connector
................................................................ 20
5.3 J4/P4 Connector
........................................................... 21
5.4 J5/P5 Connector .......................................................... 21

6.0 Physical Specifications ................. .
7.0 Media Defect and Errors .......... .
8.0 SA1 000 Track Format ...... .
8.1 Gap Length Calculations ....... .
8.1.1 Gap 1 ...... .
8.1.2 Gap 2
...... .
8.1.3 Gap 3
...... .
8.1.4 Gap 4
8.2 Write Precompensation
.. ........ . ....... .
9.0 SA 1000Jumper Options . . . . . . . .. . ......... .
10.0 SA1 000 Unpackaging Instructions. . .. . ........ .
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
. . . . . . . .. '" 24
. ............. 25
..... 25
.
...... 25
.
...... 25
. ....... 25
25
.
......... 26
27
28
Figure 1. Air Filtration System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5
2. Positioning Mechanism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6
3. J1 Interface and Power Connection ............................ ................ 9
4. Control Input Driver/Receiver Combination ....................................... 10
5. Normal Step Mo'de .......................................................... 11
6. Buffered Step Mode .......................................................... 11
7. Head Selection Timing ....................................................... 12
8. Control Output Driver/ReceiverCombination ................ , ..................... 13
9. Index Timing ............................................................... 13
10. Data Transfer Line Driver/ReceiverCombination ................................... 14
11. J2 Interface Connection ...................................................... 15
12. MFM Read/Write Data Timing .................................................. 15
13. General Control Timing Requirement ............................................ 16
14. Connector Locations ......................................................... 19
15. J1 Connector Dimensions ..................................................... 20
16. J2 Connector Dimensions ..................................................... 20
17. J4 Connector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................. 21
18. J5 Connector ............................................................... 21
19. Rack Mount Physical Dimensions ............................................... 22
20. Standard Mount Physical Dimensions ............................................ 23
21. Track Format ............................................................... 26
22. SA1000Controi PCB .................................................... : .... 27
23. SA1000Packaging .......................................................... 28
TABLES
1. Head Select ................................................................. 12
2. AC Power Requirements ....................................................... 18
3. DC Requirements ., .......................................................... 18
4. Write Precompensation ........................................................ 26

1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The Shugart Model 1000 series disk drive IS a random access storage device with one or two non-removable
8" disks as storage media. Each disk surface employs one movable head to service 256 data tracks. The
two models of the SA1 000 series are the 1002 and the 1004 with single and double platters respectively. The
SA1002 provides 5 megabytes accessed by 2 movable heads and the SA1004 provides 10 megabytes ac-
cessed by 4 movable heads.
Low cost and unit reliability are achieved through the use
of a unique band actuator design. The inherent
simplicity of mechanical construction and electronic controls allows maintenance free operation throughout
the life of the drive.
Mechanical and contamination protection for the head, actuator and disks are provided bv
an impact resis-
tant plastic and aluminum enclosure. A self contained recirculatin'g system supplies clean air through a 0.3
micron filter. Another absolute filter allows pressure equalization with ambient air.
The optional
SA 1200 Data Separator PCB or equivalent circuitry is necessary to provide MFM en-
coding/decoding, write precompensation, a crystal write oscillator and address mark writing and detection.
These functions are also provided by the optional
SA 1400 controller.
The
SA 1000 fixed disk drive's interface is similar* to the Shugart 8" family of floppy disk drives. The SA1000
is designed to fit into the same physical space as the 8" floppies.
Key Features:
• Storage Capacity of 5.33 or 10.67megabytes.
• Winchester design reliability.
• Same physical size and identical mounting configuration as the SABOO/B50 floppies.
• Uses the same D.C. voltages as the SA800/850 floppies.
• Proprietary Fas Flex III band actuator.
• 4.34 Mbits/second transfer rate.
• Simple floppy like interface.
*Existing floppy controllers are not compatible with the
SA 1000 due to differences in the data transfer rates.
1

1.2 Specification Summary
1.2.1 Physical Specifications
Envi ron mental Limits
Ambient Temperature =
Relative Humidity=
Maximum Wet Bulb=
AC Power Requirements
50/60 Hz ± O.5Hz
100/115 VAC Installations
200/230
VAC Installations
DC Voltage Requirements
50° to 115°F (10° to 46°C)
BO/o to BO%
7Bo non-condensing
=90-127V at 1.1 A typical
= 1 BO-253V at 0.6A typical
+24VDC ± 10% 2.BA typical during stepping
(O.2A typical steady state, non stepping)
+5VDC ± 5% 2.OA typical during stepping (3.6A
typical non-stepping)
-5VDC±5
%
(-7 to -16VDC optional) 0.2A typical
Mechanical Dimensions
Height =
Width =
Depth =
Weight =
Rack Mount
4.62
in. (117.3mm)
8.55
in. (217.2mm)
14.25
in. (362.0mm)
Standard Mount
4.62 in. (117.3mm)
9.50 in. (241.3mm)
14.25 in. (362.0mm)
17
Ibs. (7. 7Kg) 17 Ibs. (7.7Kg)
Heat Dissipation =150 Watts
(511 STU/Hr) Max.
1.2.2 Reliability Specifications
MTBF: B,OOO POH typical usage
PM: None Required
MTTR: 30 minutes
Component Life: 5 years
Error Rates:
Soft Read Errors:
Hard Read Errors:
Seek Errors:
1 per 1010 bits read
1 per 1012 bits read
1 per 106 seeks
2

1.2.3 Performance Specifications
Capacity SA1002 SA1004
Unformatted
Per Drive 5.33 Mbytes 10.67 Mbytes
Per Surface 2.67 Mbytes 2.67 Mbytes
Per Track 10.4 Kbytes 10.4 Kbytes
Formatted
Per Drive 4.2 Mbytes 8.4 Mbytes
Per Surface
2.1 Mbytes
2.1 Mbytes
Per Track 8.2 Kbytes 8.2 Kbytes
Per Sector 256 bytes 256 bytes
SectorslTrack
32
32
Transfer Rate 4.34 Mbits/sec 4.34 Mbits/sec
Access Time
Track to Track 19 msec 19 msec
Average 70 msec
70 msec ,
Maximum 150 msec 150 msec
Average Latency 9.6 msec 9.6 msec
1.2.4 Functional Specifications
Rotational Speed 3125 rpm 3125
rpm
Recording Density 6270 bpi 6270 bpi
Flux Density 6270 fci 6270 fci
Track Density 172 tpi 172 tpi
Cylinders. 256 256
Tracks 512 1024
R/W Heads 2 4
Disks 1 2
3

2.0 FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
2.1 GENERAL OPERATION
The SA1000 fixed disk drive consists of read/write and control electronics, read/write heads, track position-
ing mechanism, media, and air filtration system. These components perform the following functions:
1. Interpret and generate control signals.
2. Position the heads over the selected track.
3. Read and Write data.
4. Provide a contamination free environment (Class 100 or better).
2.2 READ/WRITE AND CONTROL ELECTRONICS
The standard electronics are packaged on a single printed circuit board containing the following circuits:*
1. Index Detector Ci rcuit
2. Head Position
Actuator Drivers
3. Read/Write
Amplifiers
4. Drive (Ready) up to Speed Circuit
5. Drive Select Circuit
6. Write Fault Detection Circuit
7. Read/Write Head Select Circuit
8. Step Buffers with Ramped Stepper Circuit
9. Track 000 indicator
*Early units may have two printed circuit boards.
4

2.3 Drive Mechanism
The AC drive motor rotates the spindle at 3125 RPM through a belt-drive system. Either 50 or 60 Hz power is
accommodated by changing the drive pulley and belt.
2.4 Air Filtration System (Figure 1)
The disk(s)" and read/write heads are fully enclosed in a module using an integral recirculating air system
with
an absolute filter which maintains a clean environment. A separate absolute breather filter permits
pressure equalization with the ambient air without contamination.
2.5 Positioning Mechanism (Figure 2)
The read/write heads are mounted on a ball bearing supported carriage which is positioned by the Fasflex
IIITM actuator. A stepper motor is used to precisely position the carriage assembly utilizing a unique metal
band/capstan concept.
2.6 Read/Write Heads and Disk(s)
The recording media consists of a lubricated thin magnetic oxide coating on a 200mm diameter aluminum
substrate. This coating formulation, together with the low load force/low mass Winchester type flying heads,
permit reliable contact start/stop operation.
Data on each disk surface is read by one read/write head, each of which accesses 256 tracks. The drive is
available in two basic configurations: one disk with two read/write heads, or two disks with four read/write
heads.
B~rometric
Pressure Compensation
Absolute Filter
Low Pressure
Area
Figure 1 Air Filtration System
5
Air Flow
Path
High Pressure
Area
Circulating Air
Absolute
Filter

Figure 2 Positioning Mechanism
6
Stepper Motor
Ball Bearing
Carriage Support

3.0 FUNCTIONAL OPERATIONS
3.1 POWER SEQUENCING
Since the SA1000 has a speed sense circuit'that prevents stepping until the disk is rotating at the proper
speed, no power
on sequence is required. A READY signal will be presented to the controller interface once
the disk
is up to 95% of its normal rotational speed. At READY time, after an initial power up, the drive will
recalibrate itself to
TKOOO. After a 18 msec head settle time, SEEK COMPLETE will go true. Normal seek and
read/write functions can now begin. Refer to Figure
3.
3.2 DRIVE SELECTION
Drive selection occurs when one of the Drive Select lines is activated. Only the disk appropriately jumpered
will respond to the activated Drive Select line.
3.3 TRACK ACCESSING
Read/Write Head positioning is accomplished by:
a. Deactivating Write Gate.
b. Activating the appropriate Drive Select Line.
c. Being in the READY condition with SEEK COMPLETE true.
d. Selecting the appropriate Direction.
e. Pulsing the Step Line.
Stepping can occur
at either the Normal or Buffered rate. During Normal Stepping, the heads are reposition-
ed at the rate of incoming step pulses. In the case of Buffered Stepping, incoming step pulses are received
at a high rate and are buffered into counters. When all of the steps have been received, they are issued at a
ramped stepping rate, to the stepper drivers.
Each pulse will cause the heads to move either 1 track
in or 1 track out, depending on the level of the Direc-
tion
In line. A true on the Direction In Line will cause an inward seek; a false on the Direction In Line will
result
in an outward seek toward TKOOO.
3.4 HEAD SELECTION
Any of the 4 possible heads can be selected by placing that head's binary address on the two Head Select
lines.
3.5 READ OPERATION
Reading data from the disk is accomplished by:
a. Deactivating the Write Gate Line.
b. Activating the appropriate Drive Select Line.
c. Assuring that the drive is Ready.
d. Selecting the appropriate head.
7