Siemens RUGGEDCOM ROS v4.3 User manual

RUGGEDCOM ROS
v4.3
User Guide
For RS900
07/2016
Preface
Introduction 1
Using ROS 2
Device Management 3
System Administration 4
Setup and Configuration 5
Troubleshooting 6
RC1275-EN-03

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Copyright © 2016 Siemens Canada Ltd
All rights reserved. Dissemination or reproduction of this document, or evaluation and communication of its contents, is not authorized
except where expressly permitted. Violations are liable for damages. All rights reserved, particularly for the purposes of patent application or
trademark registration.
This document contains proprietary information, which is protected by copyright. All rights are reserved. No part of this document may be
photocopied, reproduced or translated to another language without the prior written consent of Siemens Canada Ltd.
Disclaimer Of Liability
Siemens has verified the contents of this document against the hardware and/or software described. However, deviations between the product
and the documentation may exist.
Siemens shall not be liable for any errors or omissions contained herein or for consequential damages in connection with the furnishing,
performance, or use of this material.
The information given in this document is reviewed regularly and any necessary corrections will be included in subsequent editions. We
appreciate any suggested improvements. We reserve the right to make technical improvements without notice.
Registered Trademarks
RUGGEDCOM™ and ROS™ are trademarks of Siemens Canada Ltd.
Other designations in this manual might be trademarks whose use by third parties for their own purposes would infringe the rights of the
owner.
Third Party Copyrights
Siemens recognizes the following third party copyrights:
• Copyright © 2004 GoAhead Software, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Open Source
RUGGEDCOM ROS contains Open Source Software. For license conditions, refer to the associated License Conditions document.
Security Information
Siemens provides products and solutions with industrial security functions that support the secure operation of plants, machines, equipment
and/or networks. They are important components in a holistic industrial security concept. With this in mind, Siemens' products and solutions
undergo continuous development. Siemens recommends strongly that you regularly check for product updates.
For the secure operation of Siemens products and solutions, it is necessary to take suitable preventive action (e.g. cell protection concept) and
integrate each component into a holistic, state-of-the-art industrial security concept. Third-party products that may be in use should also be
considered. For more information about industrial security, visit http://www.siemens.com/industrialsecurity .
To stay informed about product updates as they occur, sign up for a product-specific newsletter. For more information, visit http://
support.automation.siemens.com .
Warranty
Refer to the License Agreement for the applicable warranty terms and conditions, if any.
For warranty details, visit www.siemens.com/ruggedcom or contact a Siemens customer service representative.

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Contacting Siemens
Address
Siemens Canada Ltd
Industry Sector
300 Applewood Crescent
Concord, Ontario
Canada, L4K 5C7
Telephone
Toll-free: 1 888 264 0006
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
E-mail
[email protected]
Web
www.siemens.com/ruggedcom

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Table of Contents
Preface ........................................................................................................... xiii
Conventions ...................................................................................................................................... xiii
Related Documents ............................................................................................................................ xiv
System Requirements ......................................................................................................................... xiv
Accessing Documentation .................................................................................................................. xiv
Training ............................................................................................................................................. xv
Customer Support .............................................................................................................................. xv
Chapter 1
Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1
1.1Features and Benefits ................................................................................................................... 1
1.2Security Recommendations and Considerations ............................................................................... 3
1.2.1Security Recommendations ................................................................................................. 3
1.2.2Credential Files .................................................................................................................. 5
1.2.2.1SSL Certificates ....................................................................................................... 6
1.2.2.2SSH Key Pairs .......................................................................................................... 8
1.3Supported Networking Standards ................................................................................................... 9
1.4Port Numbering Scheme ............................................................................................................... 9
1.5Available Services by Port ............................................................................................................ 10
1.6SNMP Management Interface Base (MIB) Support .......................................................................... 12
1.6.1Supported Standard MIBs ................................................................................................. 12
1.6.2Supported Proprietary RUGGEDCOM MIBs .......................................................................... 13
1.6.3Supported Agent Capabilities ............................................................................................ 13
1.7SNMP Traps ................................................................................................................................ 14
1.8ModBus Management Support ..................................................................................................... 16
1.8.1ModBus Function Codes ................................................................................................... 16
1.8.2ModBus Memory Map ...................................................................................................... 17
1.8.3ModBus Memory Formats ................................................................................................. 22
1.8.3.1Text ..................................................................................................................... 23
1.8.3.2Cmd ..................................................................................................................... 23
1.8.3.3Uint16 .................................................................................................................. 23
1.8.3.4Uint32 .................................................................................................................. 24
1.8.3.5PortCmd ............................................................................................................... 24
1.8.3.6Alarm ................................................................................................................... 25
1.8.3.7PSStatusCmd ......................................................................................................... 25

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1.8.3.8TruthValues .......................................................................................................... 25
1.9SSH and SSL Keys and Certificates ................................................................................................ 26
1.9.1Certificate and Keys Life Cycle ........................................................................................... 26
1.9.2Certificate and Key Requirements ...................................................................................... 27
Chapter 2
Using ROS ....................................................................................................... 29
2.1Connecting to ROS ...................................................................................................................... 29
2.1.1Connecting Directly .......................................................................................................... 29
2.1.2Connecting via the Network ............................................................................................. 30
2.2Logging In .................................................................................................................................. 31
2.3Logging Out ............................................................................................................................... 32
2.4Using the Web Interface .............................................................................................................. 33
2.5Using the Console Interface ......................................................................................................... 34
2.6Using the Command Line Interface .............................................................................................. 36
2.6.1Available CLI Commands .................................................................................................. 36
2.6.2Tracing Events ................................................................................................................. 39
2.6.3Executing Commands Remotely via RSH ............................................................................ 40
2.6.4Using SQL Commands ...................................................................................................... 40
2.6.4.1Finding the Correct Table ....................................................................................... 41
2.6.4.2Retrieving Information ........................................................................................... 41
2.6.4.3Changing Values in a Table .................................................................................... 43
2.6.4.4Resetting a Table ................................................................................................... 44
2.6.4.5Using RSH and SQL ............................................................................................... 44
2.7Selecting Ports in RUGGEDCOM ROS ............................................................................................. 44
2.8Managing the Flash File System ................................................................................................... 45
2.8.1Viewing a List of Flash Files .............................................................................................. 45
2.8.2Viewing Flash File Details ................................................................................................. 45
2.8.3Defragmenting the Flash File System ................................................................................. 46
2.9Accessing BIST Mode ................................................................................................................... 46
2.10Managing SSH Public Keys ......................................................................................................... 47
2.10.1Adding a Public Key ....................................................................................................... 47
2.10.2Viewing a List of Public Keys ........................................................................................... 49
2.10.3Updating a Public Key .................................................................................................... 49
2.10.4Deleting a Public Key ...................................................................................................... 50
Chapter 3
Device Management ....................................................................................... 51
3.1Viewing Product Information ....................................................................................................... 51
3.2Viewing CPU Diagnostics ............................................................................................................. 53
3.3Restoring Factory Defaults ........................................................................................................... 54

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3.4Uploading/Downloading Files ....................................................................................................... 55
3.4.1Uploading/Downloading Files Using XMODEM .................................................................... 56
3.4.2Uploading/Downloading Files Using a TFTP Client ............................................................... 57
3.4.3Uploading/Downloading Files Using a TFTP Server .............................................................. 58
3.4.4Uploading/Downloading Files Using an SFTP Server ............................................................ 58
3.5Managing Logs ........................................................................................................................... 59
3.5.1Viewing Local Logs .......................................................................................................... 59
3.5.2Clearing Local Logs .......................................................................................................... 60
3.5.3Configuring the Local System Log ..................................................................................... 60
3.5.4Managing Remote Logging ............................................................................................... 61
3.5.4.1Configuring the Remote Syslog Client ..................................................................... 61
3.5.4.2Viewing a List of Remote Syslog Servers .................................................................. 62
3.5.4.3Adding a Remote Syslog Server .............................................................................. 63
3.5.4.4Deleting a Remote Syslog Server ............................................................................ 64
3.6Managing Ethernet Ports ............................................................................................................. 65
3.6.1Controller Protection Through Link Fault Indication (LFI) ..................................................... 66
3.6.2Viewing the Status of Ethernet Ports ................................................................................. 67
3.6.3Viewing Statistics for All Ethernet Ports ............................................................................. 68
3.6.4Viewing Statistics for Specific Ethernet Ports ...................................................................... 68
3.6.5Clearing Statistics for Specific Ethernet Ports ...................................................................... 71
3.6.6Configuring an Ethernet Port ............................................................................................ 72
3.6.7Configuring Port Rate Limiting .......................................................................................... 74
3.6.8Configuring Port Mirroring ................................................................................................ 76
3.6.9Configuring Link Detection ............................................................................................... 77
3.6.10Detecting Cable Faults .................................................................................................... 79
3.6.10.1Viewing Cable Diagnostics Results ........................................................................ 79
3.6.10.2Performing Cable Diagnostics ............................................................................... 81
3.6.10.3Clearing Cable Diagnostics ................................................................................... 83
3.6.10.4Determining the Estimated Distance To Fault (DTF) ................................................ 83
3.6.11Resetting Ethernet Ports ................................................................................................. 84
3.7Managing IP Interfaces ................................................................................................................ 84
3.7.1Viewing a List of IP Interfaces ........................................................................................... 85
3.7.2Adding an IP Interface ...................................................................................................... 85
3.7.3Deleting an IP Interface .................................................................................................... 87
3.8Managing IP Gateways ................................................................................................................ 88
3.8.1Viewing a List of IP Gateways ........................................................................................... 88
3.8.2Adding an IP Gateway ...................................................................................................... 89
3.8.3Deleting an IP Gateway .................................................................................................... 90
3.9Configuring IP Services ................................................................................................................ 91
3.10Managing Remote Monitoring ................................................................................................... 93

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3.10.1Managing RMON History Controls ................................................................................... 94
3.10.1.1Viewing a List of RMON History Controls ............................................................... 94
3.10.1.2Adding an RMON History Control .......................................................................... 94
3.10.1.3Deleting an RMON History Control ........................................................................ 96
3.10.2Managing RMON Alarms ................................................................................................. 97
3.10.2.1Viewing a List of RMON Alarms ............................................................................ 98
3.10.2.2Adding an RMON Alarm ....................................................................................... 99
3.10.2.3Deleting an RMON Alarm ................................................................................... 101
3.10.3Managing RMON Events ............................................................................................... 102
3.10.3.1Viewing a List of RMON Events ........................................................................... 103
3.10.3.2Adding an RMON Event ..................................................................................... 103
3.10.3.3Deleting an RMON Event .................................................................................... 105
3.11Upgrading/Downgrading Firmware ........................................................................................... 105
3.11.1Upgrading Firmware ..................................................................................................... 106
3.11.2Downgrading Firmware ................................................................................................ 106
3.12Resetting the Device ............................................................................................................... 107
3.13Decommissioning the Device ................................................................................................... 108
Chapter 4
System Administration ................................................................................... 111
4.1Configuring the System Information ........................................................................................... 111
4.2Customizing the Login Screen .................................................................................................... 112
4.3Configuring Passwords .............................................................................................................. 112
4.4Clearing Private Data ................................................................................................................. 115
4.5Enabling/Disabling the Web Interface ......................................................................................... 116
4.6Managing Alarms ...................................................................................................................... 116
4.6.1Viewing a List of Pre-Configured Alarms ........................................................................... 117
4.6.2Viewing and Clearing Latched Alarms .............................................................................. 118
4.6.3Configuring an Alarm ..................................................................................................... 118
4.6.4Authentication Related Security Alarms ............................................................................ 121
4.6.4.1Security Alarms for Login Authentication ............................................................... 121
4.6.4.2Security Messages for Port Authentication ............................................................. 123
4.7Managing the Configuration File ................................................................................................ 124
4.7.1Configuring Data Encryption ........................................................................................... 124
4.7.2Updating the Configuration File ...................................................................................... 126
4.8Managing an Authentication Server ........................................................................................... 126
4.8.1Managing RADIUS Authentication .................................................................................... 127
4.8.1.1Configuring the RADIUS Server ............................................................................. 128
4.8.1.2Configuring the RADIUS Client .............................................................................. 128
4.8.2Managing TACACS+ Authentication ................................................................................. 130
4.8.2.1Configuring TACACS+ .......................................................................................... 130

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4.8.2.2Configuring User Privileges .................................................................................. 131
Chapter 5
Setup and Configuration ................................................................................ 133
5.1Managing Virtual LANs .............................................................................................................. 133
5.1.1VLAN Concepts .............................................................................................................. 134
5.1.1.1Tagged vs. Untagged Frames ............................................................................... 134
5.1.1.2Native VLAN ........................................................................................................ 134
5.1.1.3The Management VLAN ....................................................................................... 135
5.1.1.4Edge and Trunk Port Types ................................................................................... 135
5.1.1.5Ingress and Egress Rules ...................................................................................... 135
5.1.1.6Forbidden Ports List ............................................................................................. 136
5.1.1.7VLAN-Aware and VLAN-Unaware Modes ................................................................ 136
5.1.1.8GARP VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP) ............................................................... 137
5.1.1.9PVLAN Edge ........................................................................................................ 138
5.1.1.10QinQ ................................................................................................................ 138
5.1.1.11VLAN Advantages .............................................................................................. 140
5.1.2Viewing a List of VLANs .................................................................................................. 141
5.1.3Configuring VLANs Globally ............................................................................................ 141
5.1.4Configuring VLANs for Specific Ethernet Ports .................................................................. 143
5.1.5Managing Static VLANs ................................................................................................... 145
5.1.5.1Viewing a List of Static VLANs .............................................................................. 145
5.1.5.2Adding a Static VLAN ........................................................................................... 145
5.1.5.3Deleting a Static VLAN ......................................................................................... 147
5.2Managing Spanning Tree Protocol .............................................................................................. 148
5.2.1RSTP Operation .............................................................................................................. 148
5.2.1.1RSTP States and Roles .......................................................................................... 149
5.2.1.2Edge Ports .......................................................................................................... 151
5.2.1.3Point-to-Point and Multipoint Links ....................................................................... 152
5.2.1.4Path and Port Costs ............................................................................................. 152
5.2.1.5Bridge Diameter .................................................................................................. 153
5.2.1.6eRSTP ................................................................................................................. 153
5.2.1.7Fast Root Failover ................................................................................................ 154
5.2.2RSTP Applications ........................................................................................................... 154
5.2.2.1RSTP in Structured Wiring Configurations .............................................................. 155
5.2.2.2RSTP in Ring Backbone Configurations .................................................................. 156
5.2.2.3RSTP Port Redundancy ......................................................................................... 158
5.2.3MSTP Operation ............................................................................................................. 158
5.2.3.1MSTP Regions and Interoperability ........................................................................ 159
5.2.3.2MSTP Bridge and Port Roles .................................................................................. 160
5.2.3.3Benefits of MSTP ................................................................................................. 161

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5.2.3.4Implementing MSTP on a Bridged Network ............................................................ 162
5.2.4Configuring STP Globally ................................................................................................. 163
5.2.5Configuring STP for Specific Ethernet Ports ...................................................................... 164
5.2.6Configuring eRSTP .......................................................................................................... 167
5.2.7Viewing Global Statistics for STP ..................................................................................... 169
5.2.8Viewing STP Statistics for Ethernet Ports .......................................................................... 171
5.2.9Managing Multiple Spanning Tree Instances ..................................................................... 173
5.2.9.1Viewing Statistics for Global MSTIs ....................................................................... 173
5.2.9.2Viewing Statistics for Port MSTIs ........................................................................... 175
5.2.9.3Configuring the MST Region Identifier ................................................................... 176
5.2.9.4Configuring a Global MSTI ................................................................................... 177
5.2.9.5Configuring an MSTI for an Ethernet Port .............................................................. 178
5.2.10Clearing Spanning Tree Protocol Statistics ...................................................................... 180
5.3Managing Classes of Service ...................................................................................................... 180
5.3.1Configuring Classes of Service Globally ............................................................................ 181
5.3.2Configuring Classes of Service for Specific Ethernet Ports .................................................. 182
5.3.3Configuring Priority to CoS Mapping ................................................................................ 184
5.3.4Configuring DSCP to CoS Mapping ................................................................................... 185
5.4Managing MAC Addresses ......................................................................................................... 186
5.4.1Viewing a List of MAC Addresses ..................................................................................... 187
5.4.2Configuring MAC Address Learning Options ..................................................................... 188
5.4.3Configuring MAC Address Flooding Options ..................................................................... 188
5.4.4Managing Static MAC Addresses ...................................................................................... 190
5.4.4.1Viewing a List of Static MAC Addresses ................................................................. 190
5.4.4.2Adding a Static MAC Address ............................................................................... 190
5.4.4.3Deleting a Static MAC Address .............................................................................. 192
5.4.5Purging All Dynamic MAC Addresses ................................................................................ 193
5.5Managing Time Services ............................................................................................................ 193
5.5.1Configuring the Time and Date ....................................................................................... 194
5.5.2Managing NTP ............................................................................................................... 195
5.5.2.1Enabling/Disabling NTP Service ............................................................................. 195
5.5.2.2Configuring NTP Servers ...................................................................................... 196
5.6Managing SNMP ....................................................................................................................... 197
5.6.1Managing SNMP Users .................................................................................................... 198
5.6.1.1Viewing a List of SNMP Users ............................................................................... 198
5.6.1.2Adding an SNMP User .......................................................................................... 199
5.6.1.3Deleting an SNMP User ........................................................................................ 201
5.6.2Managing Security-to-Group Mapping .............................................................................. 203
5.6.2.1Viewing a List of Security-to-Group Maps .............................................................. 203
5.6.2.2Adding a Security-to-Group Map ........................................................................... 203

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5.6.2.3Deleting a Security-to-Group Map ......................................................................... 205
5.6.3Managing SNMP Groups ................................................................................................. 205
5.6.3.1Viewing a List of SNMP Groups ............................................................................. 206
5.6.3.2Adding an SNMP Group ....................................................................................... 206
5.6.3.3Deleting an SNMP Group ..................................................................................... 208
5.7Managing Network Discovery .................................................................................................... 209
5.7.1Network Discovery Concepts ........................................................................................... 209
5.7.1.1Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) ..................................................................... 209
5.7.1.2 RUGGEDCOM Discovery Protocol (RCDP) ............................................................... 210
5.7.2Configuring LLDP Globally ............................................................................................... 210
5.7.3Configuring LLDP for an Ethernet Port ............................................................................. 212
5.7.4Enabling/Disabling RCDP ................................................................................................. 213
5.7.5Viewing Global Statistics and Advertised System Information ............................................. 214
5.7.6Viewing Statistics for LLDP Neighbors .............................................................................. 215
5.7.7Viewing Statistics for LLDP Ports ...................................................................................... 216
5.8Managing Multicast Filtering ...................................................................................................... 217
5.8.1Managing IGMP ............................................................................................................. 217
5.8.1.1IGMP Concepts .................................................................................................... 217
5.8.1.2Viewing a List of Multicast Group Memberships ..................................................... 221
5.8.1.3Viewing Forwarding Information for Multicast Groups ............................................ 222
5.8.1.4Configuring IGMP ................................................................................................ 223
5.8.2Managing GMRP ............................................................................................................ 224
5.8.2.1GMRP Concepts ................................................................................................... 225
5.8.2.2Viewing a Summary of Multicast Groups ............................................................... 227
5.8.2.3Configuring GMRP Globally .................................................................................. 227
5.8.2.4Configuring GMRP for Specific Ethernet Ports ........................................................ 228
5.8.2.5Viewing a List of Static Multicast Groups ............................................................... 230
5.8.2.6Adding a Static Multicast Group ........................................................................... 230
5.8.2.7Deleting a Static Multicast Group .......................................................................... 231
5.9Managing Port Security ............................................................................................................. 232
5.9.1Port Security Concepts .................................................................................................... 233
5.9.1.1Static MAC Address-Based Authentication .............................................................. 233
5.9.1.2IEEE 802.1x Authentication .................................................................................. 233
5.9.1.3IEEE 802.1X Authentication with MAC Address-Based Authentication ....................... 234
5.9.1.4Assigning VLANS with Tunnel Attributes ................................................................ 235
5.9.2Viewing a List of Authorized MAC Addresses .................................................................... 235
5.9.3Configuring Port Security ................................................................................................ 236
5.9.4Configuring IEEE 802.1X ................................................................................................. 238
5.10Managing Link Aggregation ..................................................................................................... 240
5.10.1Link Aggregation Concepts ........................................................................................... 241

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5.10.1.1Rules and Limitations ......................................................................................... 242
5.10.1.2Link Aggregation and Layer 2 Features ................................................................ 242
5.10.1.3Link Aggregation and Physical Layer Features ...................................................... 243
5.10.2Managing Port Trunks .................................................................................................. 243
5.10.2.1Viewing a List of Port Trunks .............................................................................. 243
5.10.2.2Adding a Port Trunk ........................................................................................... 244
5.10.2.3Deleting a Port Trunk ......................................................................................... 245
Chapter 6
Troubleshooting ............................................................................................ 247
6.1General .................................................................................................................................... 247
6.2Ethernet Ports ........................................................................................................................... 248
6.3Spanning Tree .......................................................................................................................... 248
6.4VLANs ...................................................................................................................................... 249

RUGGEDCOM ROS
User Guide
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Preface
Conventions xiii
Preface
This guide describes v4.3 of ROS (Rugged Operating System) running on the RUGGEDCOM RS900. It contains
instructions and guidelines on how to use the software, as well as some general theory.
It is intended for use by network technical support personnel who are familiar with the operation of networks. It is
also recommended for use by network and system planners, system programmers, and line technicians.
IMPORTANT!
Some of the parameters and options described may not be available depending on variations in the
device hardware. While every attempt is made to accurately describe the specific parameters and
options available, this Guide should be used as a companion to the Help text included in the software.
Conventions
This User Guide uses the following conventions to present information clearly and effectively.
Alerts
The following types of alerts are used when necessary to highlight important information.
DANGER!
DANGER alerts describe imminently hazardous situations that, if not avoided, will result in death or
serious injury.
WARNING!
WARNING alerts describe hazardous situations that, if not avoided, may result in serious injury and/or
equipment damage.
CAUTION!
CAUTION alerts describe hazardous situations that, if not avoided, may result in equipment damage.
IMPORTANT!
IMPORTANT alerts provide important information that should be known before performing a procedure
or step, or using a feature.
NOTE
NOTE alerts provide additional information, such as facts, tips and details.
CLI Command Syntax
The syntax of commands used in a Command Line Interface (CLI) is described according to the following
conventions:

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Preface
RUGGEDCOM ROS
User Guide
xiv Related Documents
Example Description
command Commands are in bold.
command parameter Parameters are in plain text.
command parameter1 parameter2 Parameters are listed in the order they must be entered.
command parameter1 parameter2 Parameters in italics must be replaced with a user-defined value.
command [ parameter1 | parameter2 ] Alternative parameters are separated by a vertical bar (|).
Square brackets indicate a required choice between two or more
parameters.
command { parameter3 | parameter4 } Curly brackets indicate an optional parameter(s).
command parameter1 parameter2 { parameter3 |
parameter4 }
All commands and parameters are presented in the order they must
be entered.
Related Documents
Other documents that may be of interest include:
•RUGGEDCOM RS900 Installation Guide
System Requirements
Each workstation used to connect to the RUGGEDCOM ROS interface must meet the following system
requirements:
• Must have one of the following Web browsers installed:
▫ Microsoft Internet Explorer 8.0 or higher
▫ Mozilla Firefox
▫ Google Chrome
▫ Iceweasel/IceCat (Linux Only)
• Must have a working Ethernet interface compatible with at least one of the port types on the RUGGEDCOM
device
• The ability to configure an IP address and netmask on the computer’s Ethernet interface
Accessing Documentation
The latest user documentation for RUGGEDCOM ROS v4.3 is available online at www.siemens.com/ruggedcom. To
request or inquire about a user document, contact Siemens Customer Support.

RUGGEDCOM ROS
User Guide
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Preface
Training xv
Training
Siemens offers a wide range of educational services ranging from in-house training of standard courses on
networking, Ethernet switches and routers, to on-site customized courses tailored to the customer's needs,
experience and application.
Siemens' Educational Services team thrives on providing our customers with the essential practical skills to make
sure users have the right knowledge and expertise to understand the various technologies associated with critical
communications network infrastructure technologies.
Siemens' unique mix of IT/Telecommunications expertise combined with domain knowledge in the utility,
transportation and industrial markets, allows Siemens to provide training specific to the customer's application.
For more information about training services and course availability, visit www.siemens.com/ruggedcom or
contact a Siemens Sales representative.
Customer Support
Customer support is available 24 hours, 7 days a week for all Siemens customers. For technical support or general
information, contact Siemens Customer Support through any of the following methods:
Online
Visit http://www.siemens.com/automation/support-request to submit a Support Request (SR) or check
on the status of an existing SR.
Telephone
Call a local hotline center to submit a Support Request (SR). To locate a local hotline center, visit http://
www.automation.siemens.com/mcms/aspa-db/en/automation-technology/Pages/default.aspx .
Mobile App
Install the Industry Online Support app by Siemens AG on any Android, Apple iOS or Windows mobile
device and be able to:
• Access Siemens' extensive library of support documentation, including FAQs and manuals
• Submit SRs or check on the status of an existing SR
• Contact a local Siemens representative from Sales, Technical Support, Training, etc.
• Ask questions or share knowledge with fellow Siemens customers and the support community

RUGGEDCOM ROS
User Guide
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Preface
Customer Support xvi

RUGGEDCOM ROS
User Guide
Chapter 1
Introduction
Features and Benefits 1
Introduction
Welcome to the RUGGEDCOM ROS v4.3 Software User Guide for the RS900. This Guide describes the wide array of
carrier grade features made available by ROS (Rugged Operating System).
CONTENTS
•Section1.1, “Features and Benefits”
•Section1.2, “Security Recommendations and Considerations”
•Section1.3, “Supported Networking Standards”
•Section1.4, “Port Numbering Scheme”
•Section1.5, “Available Services by Port”
•Section1.6, “SNMP Management Interface Base (MIB) Support”
•Section1.7, “SNMP Traps”
•Section1.8, “ModBus Management Support”
•Section1.9, “SSH and SSL Keys and Certificates”
Section1.1
Features and Benefits
The following describes the many features available in RUGGEDCOM ROS and their benefits:
•Cyber Security
Cyber security is an urgent issue in many industries where advanced automation and communications networks
play a crucial role in mission critical applications and where high reliability is of paramount importance. Key
RUGGEDCOM ROS features that address security issues at the local area network level include:
Passwords Multi-level user passwords secures against unauthorized configuration
SSH/SSL Extends capability of password protection to add encryption of passwords and data as they
cross the network
Enable/Disable Ports Capability to disable ports so that traffic cannot pass
802.1Q VLAN Provides the ability to logically segregate traffic between predefined ports on switches
SNMPv3 Encrypted authentication and access security
HTTPS For secure access to the Web interface
•Enhanced Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (eRSTP)™
Siemens's eRSTP allows the creation of fault-tolerant ring and mesh Ethernet networks that incorporate
redundant links that are pruned to prevent loops. eRSTP implements both STP and RSTP to promote
interoperability with commercial switches, unlike other proprietary ring solutions. The fast root failover feature
of eRSTP provides quick network convergence in case of an RSTP root bridge failure in a mesh topology.

Chapter 1
Introduction
RUGGEDCOM ROS
User Guide
2 Features and Benefits
•Quality of Service (IEEE 802.1p)
Some networking applications such as real-time control or VoIP (Voice over IP) require predictable arrival
times for Ethernet frames. Switches can introduce latency in times of heavy network traffic due to the internal
queues that buffer frames and then transmit on a first come first serve basis. RUGGEDCOM ROS supports Class
of Service, which allows time critical traffic to jump to the front of the queue, thus minimizing latency and
reducing jitter to allow such demanding applications to operate correctly. RUGGEDCOM ROS allows priority
classification by port, tags, MAC address, and IP Type of Service (ToS). A configurable weighted fair queuing
algorithm controls how frames are emptied from the queues.
•VLAN (IEEE 802.1Q)
Virtual Local Area Networks (VLAN) allow the segregation of a physical network into separate logical networks
with independent broadcast domains. A measure of security is provided since hosts can only access other hosts
on the same VLAN and traffic storms are isolated. RUGGEDCOM ROS supports 802.1Q tagged Ethernet frames
and VLAN trunks. Port based classification allows legacy devices to be assigned to the correct VLAN. GVRP
support is also provided to simplify the configuration of the switches on the VLAN.
•Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
SNMP provides a standardized method, for network management stations, to interrogate devices from different
vendors. SNMP versions supported by RUGGEDCOM ROS are v1, v2c and v3. SNMPv3 in particular provides
security features (such as authentication, privacy, and access control) not present in earlier SNMP versions.
RUGGEDCOM ROS also supports numerous standard MIBs (Management Information Base) allowing for easy
integration with any Network Management System (NMS). A feature of SNMP is the ability to generate traps
upon system events. RUGGEDCOM NMS, the Siemens management solution, can record traps from multiple
devices providing a powerful network troubleshooting tool. It also provides a graphical visualization of the
network and is fully integrated with all Siemens products.
•Remote Monitoring and Configuration with RUGGEDCOM NMS
RUGGEDCOM NMS (RNMS) is Siemens's Network Management System software for the discovery, monitoring
and management of RUGGEDCOM products and other IP enabled devices on a network. This highly
configurable, full-featured product records and reports on the availability and performance of network
components and services. Device, network and service failures are quickly detected and reported to reduce
downtime.
RNMS is especially suited for remotely monitoring and configuring RUGGEDCOM routers, switches, serial servers
and WiMAX wireless network equipment. For more information, contact a Siemens Sales representative.
•NTP (Network Time Protocol)
NTP automatically synchronizes the internal clock of all RUGGEDCOM ROS devices on the network. This allows
for correlation of time stamped events for troubleshooting.
•Port Rate Limiting
RUGGEDCOM ROS supports configurable rate limiting per port to limit unicast and multicast traffic. This can
be essential to managing precious network bandwidth for service providers. It also provides edge security for
Denial of Service (DoS) attacks.
•Broadcast Storm Filtering
Broadcast storms wreak havoc on a network and can cause attached devices to malfunction. This could be
disastrous on a network with mission critical equipment. RUGGEDCOM ROS limits this by filtering broadcast
frames with a user-defined threshold.
•Port Mirroring
RUGGEDCOM ROS can be configured to duplicate all traffic on one port to a designated mirror port. When
combined with a network analyzer, this can be a powerful troubleshooting tool.
•Port Configuration and Status
RUGGEDCOM ROS allows individual ports to be hard configured for speed, duplex, auto-negotiation, flow
control and more. This allows proper connection with devices that do not negotiate or have unusual settings.
Detailed status of ports with alarm and SNMP trap on link problems aid greatly in system troubleshooting.

RUGGEDCOM ROS
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Chapter 1
Introduction
Security Recommendations and Considerations 3
•Port Statistics and RMON (Remote Monitoring)
RUGGEDCOM ROS provides continuously updating statistics per port that provide both ingress and egress packet
and byte counters, as well as detailed error figures.
Also provided is full support for RMON statistics. RMON allows for very sophisticated data collection, analysis
and detection of traffic patterns.
•Multicast Filtering
RUGGEDCOM ROS supports static multicast groups and the ability to join or leave multicast groups dynamically
using IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) or GMRP (GARP Multicast Registration Protocol).
•Event Logging and Alarms
RUGGEDCOM ROS records all significant events to a non-volatile system log allowing forensic troubleshooting.
Events include link failure and recovery, unauthorized access, broadcast storm detection, and self-test
diagnostics among others. Alarms provide a snapshot of recent events that have yet to be acknowledged by
the network administrator. An external hardware relay is de-energized during the presence of critical alarms,
allowing an external controller to react if desired.
•HTML Web Browser User Interface
RUGGEDCOM ROS provides a simple, intuitive user interface for configuration and monitoring via a standard
graphical Web browser or via a standard telcom user interface. All system parameters include detailed
online help to make setup a breeze. RUGGEDCOM ROS presents a common look and feel and standardized
configuration process, allowing easy migration to other managed RUGGEDCOM products.
•Brute Force Attack Prevention
Protection against Brute Force Attacks (BFAs) is standard in RUGGEDCOM ROS. If an external host fails to log in
to the Terminal or Web interfaces after a fixed number of attempts, the service will be blocked for one hour.
Section1.2
Security Recommendations and Considerations
This section describes important security-related recommendations and suggestions that should be considered
before implementing the RS900 on any network.
CONTENTS
•Section1.2.1, “Security Recommendations”
•Section1.2.2, “Credential Files”
Section1.2.1
Security Recommendations
To prevent unauthorized access to the device, note the following security recommendations:
Authentication
• Replace the default passwords for all user accounts and processes (where applicable) before the device is
deployed.
• Use strong passwords with high randomization (i.e. entropy), without repetition of characters. Avoid weak
passwords such as password1, 123456789, abcdefgh, and any dictionary words or proper names in any
combination. For more information about creating strong passwords, refer to the password requirements in
Section4.3, “Configuring Passwords” .

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RUGGEDCOM ROS
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4 Security Recommendations
• Make sure passwords are protected and not shared with unauthorized personnel.
• Passwords should not be re-used across different user names and systems, or after they expire.
• If RADIUS authentication is done remotely, make sure all communications are within the security perimeter or
on a secure channel.
Physical/Remote Access
• Do not connect the device to the Internet. Deploy the device only within a secure network perimeter.
• Restrict physical access to the device to only authorized personnel. A person with malicious intent could extract
critical information, such as certificates, keys, etc. (user passwords are protected by hash codes), or reprogram
the device.
• Control access to the serial console to the same degree as any physical access to the device. Access to the serial
console allows for potential access to the RUGGEDCOM ROS boot loader, which includes tools that may be used
to gain complete access to the device.
• Only enable services that will be used on the device, including physical ports. Unused physical ports could
potentially be used to gain access to the network behind the device.
• If SNMP is enabled, limit the number of IP addresses that can connect to the device and change the community
names. Also configure SNMP to raise a trap upon authentication failures. For more information, refer to
Section5.6, “Managing SNMP” .
• Avoid using insecure services such as Telnet and TFTP, or disable them completely if possible. These services are
available for historical reasons and are disabled by default.
• Limit the number of simultaneous Web Server, Telnet and SSH sessions allowed.
• Configure remote system logging to forward all logs to a central location. For more information, refer to
Section3.5, “Managing Logs” .
• Configuration files are provided in the CSV (comma separated values) format for ease of use. Make sure
configuration files are properly protected when they exist outside of the device. For instance, encrypt the files,
store them in a secure place, and do not transfer them via insecure communication channels.
• Management of the configuration file, certificates and keys is the responsibility of the device owner.
Consider using RSA key sizes of at least 2048 bits in length and certificates signed with SHA256 for increased
cryptographic strength. Before returning the device to Siemens for repair, make sure encryption is disabled (to
create a cleartext version of the configuration file) and replace the current certificates and keys with temporary
throwaway certificates and keys that can be destroyed upon the device's return.
• Be aware of any non-secure protocols enabled on the device. While some protocols, such as HTTPS and SSH, are
secure, others, such as Telnet and RSH, were not designed for this purpose. Appropriate safeguards against non-
secure protocols should be taken to prevent unauthorized access to the device/network.
• Configure port security features on access ports to prevent a third-party from launching various attacks that can
harm the network or device. For more information, refer to Section5.9, “Managing Port Security” .
Hardware/Software
• Make sure the latest firmware version is installed, including all security-related patches. For the latest
information on security patches for Siemens products, visit the Industrial Security website [http://
www.industry.siemens.com/topics/global/en/industrial-security/news-alerts/Pages/alerts.aspx] or the
ProductCERT Security Advisories website [http://www.siemens.com/innovation/en/technology-focus/
siemens-cert/cert-security-advisories.htm] . Updates to Siemens Product Security Advisories can be obtained
by subscribing to the RSS feed on the Siemens ProductCERT Security Advisories website, or by following
@ProductCert on Twitter.
• Configure port security features on access ports to prevent a third-party from launching various attacks that can
harm the network or device. For more information, refer to Section5.9, “Managing Port Security” .