Silicon Laboratories UG268 User manual

UG268: EFR32BG1 2.4 GHz 8 dBm WLCSP
Wireless Starter Kit User's Guide
A Silicon Labs Wireless Starter Kit for the EFR32BG1 Blue Gecko
is an excellent starting point to get familiar with the device, and it
provides all necessary tools for developing a Silicon Labs wireless
application.
The Wireless Starter Kit Mainboard contains sensors and peripherals enabling easy
demonstration of some of the EFR32™'s many capabilities. An on-board J-Link debug-
ger allows debugging of the attached radio board as well as providing a debug connec-
tion for external hardware.
A plug-in Radio Board contains the reference design for the EFR32 itself, including the
RF section and device-specific hardware.
WSTK MAINBOARD FEATURES
• Ethernet and USB connectivity
• Advanced Energy Monitor
• Virtual COM Port
• Packet Trace Interface support
• SEGGER J-Link on-board debugger
• Supports debugging the attached radio
board or an external device
• Silicon Labs' Si7021 Relative Humidity
and Temperature sensor
• Ultra low power 128x128 pixel Memory
LCD
• User LEDs / Pushbuttons
• 20-pin 2.54 mm header for expansion
boards
• Breakout pads for direct access to all radio
I/O pins
• Power sources include USB, CR2032 coin
cell and AA batteries.
BRD4101B RADIO BOARD FEATURES
• EFR32BG1 Blue Gecko Wireless SoC
with 256 kB Flash and 32 kB RAM
(EFR32BG1B232F256GJ43).
• Inverted-F PCB antenna (2.4 GHz band)
• 8 Mbit low-power serial flash for over-the-
air upgrades.
SOFTWARE SUPPORT
• Simplicity Studio™
• Energy Profiler
• Network Analyzer
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1. Introduction
The EFR32BG1 Blue Gecko Wireless SoC itself is featured on a Radio Board that forms a complete reference design, inluding the RF
section and other components.
The EFR32 Radio Board plugs directly into a Wireless Starter Kit Mainboard. The WSTK Mainboard features several tools for easy
evaluation and development of wireless applications. An on-board J-Link debugger enables programming and debugging on the target
device over USB or Ethernet. The Advanced Energy Monitor (AEM) offers real-time current and voltage monitoring. A virtual COM port
interface (VCOM) provides an easy-to-use serial port connection over USB or Ethernet. The Packet Trace Interface (PTI) offers invalua-
ble debug information about transmitted and received packets in wireless links.
All debug functionality, including AEM, VCOM and PTI, can also be used towards external target hardware instead of the attached radio
board.
To further enhance its usability, the WSTK Mainboard contains sensors and peripherals demonstrating some of the EFR32BG1's many
capabilities.
1.1 Radio Boards
A Wireless Starter Kit consists of one or more mainboards and radio boards that plug into the mainboard. Different radio boards are
available. Each featuring different Silicon Labs devices with different operating frequency bands.
Since the mainboard is designed to work with all different radio boards, the actual pin mapping from a device pin to a mainboard feature
is done on the radio board. This means that each radio board has its own pin mapping to the Wireless Starter Kit features such as
buttons, LEDs, the display, the EXP header and the breakout pads. Because this pin mapping is different for every radio board, it is
important that the correct document be consulted which shows the kit features in context of the radio board plugged in.
This document explains how to use the Wireless Starter Kit when the EFR32BG1 2.4 GHz 8 dBm WLCSP Radio Board (BRD4101B) is
combined with a Wireless STK Mainboard. The combination of these two boards is hereby referred to as a Wireless Starter Kit (Wire-
less STK).
1.2 Ordering Information
BRD4101B can be obtained as a separate radio board, SLWRB4101B. The Wireless Starter Kit mainboard can be obtained as part of
another kit.
Table 1.1. Ordering Information
Part Number Description Contents Notes
SLWRB4101B EFR32BG1 2.4 GHz 8 dBm WLCSP Radio Board 1x BRD4101B EFR32BG1 2.4 GHz 8 dBm WLCSP Radio
Board
1.3 Getting Started
Detailed instructions for how to get started can be found on the Silicon Labs web pages:
http://www.silabs.com/start-efr32bg
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Introduction
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2. Hardware Overview
2.1 Hardware Layout
The layout of the EFR32BG1 2.4 GHz 8 dBm WLCSP Wireless Starter Kit is shown in the figure below.
Radio Board
Breakout pads
Breakout pads
1.28" Memory-LCD Display
Ultra-low power
128 x 128 pixel resolution
SPI interface
Ethernet RJ-45
J-Link Debugger
Virtual COM port
Packet Trace
Advanced Energy Monitoring
USB mini-B
J-Link Debugger
Virtual COM port
Packet Trace
Advanced Energy Monitoring
Coin Cell Holder
CR2032 Battery
Power Select Switch
BAT / USB / AEM
2x User Push Buttons 2x User LEDs
Simplicity Connector
External targets:
Virtual COM port
Packet Trace
Advanced Energy Monitoring
Debug Connector
ARM Coresight 19-pin
OUT: External targets
IN: External debug probes
Reset Button
Si7021
Relative Temperature &
Humidity Sensor
EXP Header
Expansion board connector
Figure 2.1. Kit Hardware Layout
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Hardware Overview
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2.2 Block Diagram
An overview of the EFR32BG1 2.4 GHz 8 dBm WLCSP Wireless Starter Kit is shown in the figure below.
Debug
USB Mini-B
Connector
UART
RJ-45 Ethernet
Connector
Packet Trace
AEM
Multiplexer
Debug
UART
ETM Trace
Packet Trace
AEM
Debug
UART
Packet Trace
AEM
Simplicity
Connector
Debug
Connector
Board
Controller
OUT
IN
MCU
SMA
Connector
2.4 GHz RF
Inverted-F
PCB Antenna
EFR32BG1
Bluetooth SoC
ETM Trace
128 x 128 pixel
Memory LCD
I2C Si7021
Temperature
& Humidity
Sensor
SPI 8 Mbit
MX25R
Serial Flash
GPIO
EXP
Header
User Buttons
& LEDs
GPIO
Figure 2.2. Kit Block Diagram
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Hardware Overview
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3. Connectors
This chapter gives you an overview of the Wireless STK Mainboard connectivity. The placement of the connectors can be seen in the
figure below.
Simplicity
Connector
In/Out Debug
Header
GND
GND
5V
5V
P25
P24
P27
P26
P29
P28
P31
P30
P33
P32
P35
P34
P37
P36
P39
P38
P41
P40
P43
P42
P45
P44
GND
GND
NC
NC
Radio Board
Connectors
Expansion
Header
GND
GND
VMCU
VMCU
P1
P0
P3
P2
P5
P4
P7
P6
P9
P8
P11
P10
P13
P12
P15
P14
P17
P16
P19
P18
P21
P20
GND
GND
P23
P22
VRF
VRF
3V3
3V3
Ethernet
Connector
J-Link USB
Connector
Figure 3.1. Mainboard Connector Layout
3.1 J-Link USB Connector
The J-Link USB connector is situated on the left side of the Wireless Starter Kit mainboard. Most of the kit's development features are
supported through this USB interface when connected to a host computer, including:
• Debugging and programming of the target device using the on-board J-Link debugger
• Communication with the target device over the virtual COM port using USB-CDC
• Accurate current profiling using the Advanced Energy Monitor
In addition to providing access to development features of the kit, this USB connector is also the main power source for the kit. USB 5V
from this connector powers the board controller and the Advanced Energy Monitor. It is recommended that the USB host be able to
supply at least 500 mA to this connector, although the actual current required will vary depending on the application.
3.2 Ethernet Connector
The Ethernet connector provides access to all of the Wireless Starter Kit's development features over TCP/IP. The Ethernet interface
provides some additional development features to the user. Supported features include:
• Debugging and programming of the target device using the on-board J-Link debugger
• Communication with the target device over the virtual COM port using TCP/IP socket 4901
• "VUART" communication with the target device over the debug SWD/SWO interface using TCP/IP socket 4900
• Accurate current profiling using the Advanced Energy Monitor
• Packet Trace interface supports real-time radio packet and network analysis
• The "Admin Console", a telnet console that gives access to advanced configuration options, using TCP/IP socket 4902
Please note that the Wireless Starter Kit cannot be powered using the Ethernet connector, so in order to use this interface, the USB
connector must be used to provide power to the board.
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3.3 Breakout Pads
Most of the EFR32's pins are routed from the radio board to breakout pads at the top and bottom edges of the Wireless STK Main-
board. A 2.54 mm pitch pin header can be soldered on for easy access to the pins. The figure below shows you how the pins of the
EFR32 maps to the pin numbers printed on the breakout pads. To see the available functions on each, please refer to the
EFR32BG1B232F256GJ43 Data Sheet.
GND
VMCU
P23 / NC
P21 / NC
P19 / NC
P17 / NC
GND
P15 / NC
P13 / PC10 / EXP16 / I2C_SDA
P11 / PC9 / EXP14
P9 / PC8 / EXP12
P7 / PC6 / EXP10 / VCOM_RTS / DISP_SCS
P5 / PB11 / EXP8 / VCOM_CTS / FLASH_SCLK / DISP_SCLK
P3 / PA1 / EXP6 / VCOM_RX / FLASH_MISO
P1 / PA0 / EXP4 / VCOM_TX / FLASH_MOSI / DISP_SI
GNDGND
5V5V
NCNC
P45 / NCNC / P44
P43 / NCNC / P42
P41 / NCNC / P40
3V33V3
P39 / NCNC / P38
P37 / SENSOR_ENABLENC / P36
P35 / NCNC / P34
P33 / NCNC / P32
P31 / NCNC / P30
P29 / PF2 / DBG_SWONC / P28
P27 / PF1 / DBG_SWDIONC / P26
P25 / PF0 / DBG_SWCLKNC / P24
GNDGND
VRF
GND
VMCU
NC / P22
NC / P20
NC / P18
PTI_FRAME / PB13 / P16
GND
PTI_DATA / PB12 / P14
I2C_SCL / EXP15 / PC11 / P12
NC / P10
NC / P8
BUTTON1 / EXP9 / PF5 / P6
BUTTON0 / EXP7 / PF4 / P4
NC / P2
IOEXP_WAKE / EXP3 / PF3 / P0
VRF
J101 J102
Figure 3.2. Radio Board Pin Mapping on Breakout Pads
3.4 Expansion Header
On the right hand side of the Wireless STK Mainboard an angled 20-pin expansion header is provided to allow connection of peripher-
als or plugin boards. The connector contains a number of I/O pins that can be used with most of the EFR32 Blue Gecko's features.
Additionally, the VMCU, 3V3 and 5V power rails are also exported.
The connector follows a standard which ensures that commonly used peripherals such as an SPI, a UART and an I2C bus are available
on fixed locations in the connector. The rest of the pins are used for general purpose IO. This allows the definition of expansion boards
that can plug into a number of different Silicon Labs Starter Kits.
The figure below shows the pin assignment of the expansion header. Because of limitations in the number of available GPIO pins,
some of the expansion header pins are shared with kit features.
12
4
8
6
10
3
5
9
7
12
13
14
11
1516
17
18
20 19
VMCU
SPI_MOSI / PA0
SPI_MISO / PA1
SPI_CLK / PB11
SPI_CS / PC6
UART_TX / PC8
UART_RX / PC9
I2C_SDA / PC10
5V
3V3
GND
PF3 / GPIO
NC
PF4 / GPIO
PF5 / GPIO
NC
NC
PC11 / I2C_SCL
Board ID SDA
Board ID SCL
Reserved (Board Identification)
EFR32 I/O Pin
Figure 3.3. Expansion Header
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3.4.1 Expansion Header Pin-out
The pin-routing on the EFR32 is very flexible, so most peripherals can be routed to any pin. However, many pins are shared between
the Expansion Header and other functions on the Wireless STK Mainboard. Table 3.1 Expansion Header Pinout on page 6 includes
an overview of the mainboard features that share pins with the Expansion Header.
Table 3.1. Expansion Header Pinout
Pin Connection EXP Header function Shared feature Peripheral mapping
20 3V3 Board controller supply
18 5V Board USB voltage
16 PC10 I2C_SDA SENSOR_I2C_SDA I2C0_SDA #15
14 PC9 UART_RX - USART1_RX #13
12 PC8 UART_TX - USART1_TX #13
10 PC6 SPI_CS VCOM_RTS, DISP_SCS USART0_CS #8
8 PB11 SPI_SCLK VCOM_CTS, DISP_SCLK,
FLASH_SCLK
USART0_CLK #4
6 PA1 SPI_MISO VCOM_RX, FLASH_MISO USART0_RX #0
4 PA0 SPI_MOSI VCOM_TX, DISP_SI,
FLASH_MOSI
USART0_TX #0
2 VMCU EFR32 voltage domain, included in AEM measurements.
19 BOARD_ID_SDA Connected to Board Controller for identification of add-on boards.
17 BOARD_ID_SCL Connected to Board Controller for identification of add-on boards.
15 PC11 I2C_SCL SENSOR_I2C_SCL I2C0_SCL #15
13 NC - -
11 NC - -
9 PF5 GPIO BUTTON1
7 PF4 GPIO BUTTON0
5 NC - -
3 PF3 GPIO IOEXP_WAKE
1 GND Ground
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3.5 Debug Connector
The Debug Connector serves multiple purposes based on the "debug mode" setting which can be configured in Simplicity Studio. When
the debug mode is set to "Debug IN", the debug connector can be used to connect an external debugger to the EFR32 on the radio
board. When set to "Debug OUT", this connector allows the kit to be used as a debugger towards an external target. When set to "De-
bug MCU" (default), the connector is isolated from both the on-board debugger and the radio board target device.
Because this connector is electronically switched between the different operating modes, it can only be used when the Board Controller
is powered (i.e. J-Link USB cable connected). If debug access to the target device is required when the Board Controller is unpowered,
connect directly to the appropriate breakout pins.
The pinout of the connector follows that of the standard ARM Cortex Debug+ETM 19-pin connector. The pinout is described in detail
below. Even though the connector has support for both JTAG and ETM Trace, it does not necessarily mean that the kit or the on-board
target device supports this.
1 2
4
8
6
10
3
5
9
12
13 14
11
15 16
17 18
2019
TMS / SWDIO / C2D
TCK / SWCLK / C2CK
TDO / SWO
TDI / C2Dps
RESET / C2CKps
GND
NC
NC
GND
GND
GND
7
GND
VTARGET
Cable Detect
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
Figure 3.4. Debug Connector
Note: The pinout matches the pinout of an ARM Cortex Debug+ETM connector, but these are not fully compatible as pin 7 is physically
removed from the Cortex Debug+ETM connector. Some cables have a small plug that prevent them from being used when this pin is
present. If this is the case, remove the plug, or use a standard 2x10 1.27 mm straight cable instead.
Table 3.2. Debug Connector Pin Descriptions
Pin number(s) Function Description
1 VTARGET Target reference voltage. Used for shifting logical signal levels between target and
debugger.
2 TMS / SDWIO / C2D JTAG test mode select, Serial Wire data or C2 data
4 TCK / SWCLK / C2CK JTAG test clock, Serial Wire clock or C2 clock
6 TDO/SWO JTAG test data out or Serial Wire Output
8 TDI / C2Dps JTAG test data in, or C2D "pin sharing" function
10 RESET / C2CKps Target device reset, or C2CK "pin sharing" function
12 TRACECLK
14 TRACED0
16 TRACED1
18 TRACED2
20 TRACED3
9 Cable detect Connect to ground
11, 13 NC Not connected
3, 5, 15, 17, 19 GND Ground
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3.6 Simplicity Connector
The Simplicity Connector enables the advanced debugging features, such as the AEM, the Virtual COM port and the Packet Trace In-
terface, to be used towards an external target. The pinout is illustrated in the figure below.
VMCU 1
33V3
5
5V
15
GND
13
GND
11
GND
9
GND
7
GND
17
Board ID SCL
19
Board ID SDA
2VCOM_TX
4VCOM_RX
6VCOM_CTS
8VCOM_RTS
10 PTI0_SYNC
12 PTI0_DATA
14 PTI0_CLK
16 PTI1_SYNC
18 PTI1_DATA
20 PTI1_CLK
Figure 3.5. Simplicity Connector
Note: Current drawn from the VMCU voltage pin is included in the AEM measurements, while the 3V3 and 5V voltage pins are not. To
monitor the current consumption of an external target with the AEM, unplug the Radio Board from the Wireless STK Mainboard to avoid
that the Radio Board current consumption is added to the measurements.
Table 3.3. Simplicity Connector Pin Descriptions
Pin number(s) Function Description
1 VMCU 3.3 V power rail, monitored by the AEM
3 3V3 3.3 V power rail
5 5V 5 V power rail
2 VCOM_TX Virtual COM Tx
4 VCOM_RX Virtual COM Rx
6 VCOM_CTS Virtual COM CTS
8 VCOM_RTS Virtual COM RTS
10 PTI0_SYNC Packet Trace 0 Sync
12 PTI0_DATA Packet Trace 0 Data
14 PTI0_CLK Packet Trace 0 Clock
16 PTI1_SYNC Packet Trace 1 Sync
18 PTI1_DATA Packet Trace 1 Data
20 PTI1_CLK Packet Trace 1 Clock
17 EXT_ID_SCL Board ID SCL
19 EXT_ID_SDA Board ID SDA
7, 9, 11, 13, 15 GND Ground
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3.7 Debug Adapter
BRD8010A STK/WSTK Debug Adapter is an adapter board which plugs directly into the Debug Connector and the Simplicity Connector
on the mainboard and combines selected functionality from these two to a smaller footprint 10-pin connector which is more suitable for
space constrained designs.
For versatility, the Debug Adapter feature three different 10-pin debug connectors:
• Silicon Labs Mini Simplicity Connector
• ARM Cortex 10-pin Debug Connector
• Silicon Labs ISA3 Packet Trace
The ARM Cortex 10-pin Debug Connector follows the standard Cortex pin-out defined by ARM and allows the Starter Kit to be used to
debug hardware designs that use this connector.
The ISA3 connector follows the same pin-out as the Packet Trace connector found on the Silicon Labs Ember Debug Adapter (ISA3).
This allows the Starter Kit to be used to debug hardware designs that use this connector.
The Mini Simplicity Connector is designed to offer advanced debug features from the Starter Kit on a 10-pin connector:
• Serial Wire Debug (SWD) with SWO
• Packet Trace Interface (PTI)
• Virtual COM Port (VCOM)
• AEM Monitored voltage rail
Note: Packet Trace is only available on Wireless STK Mainboards. MCU Starter Kits do not support Packet Trace.
VAEM 1
3
RST
5
VCOM_TX
9
PTI_FRAME
7
SWDIO
2GND
4VCOM_RX
6SWO
8SWCLK
10 PTI_DATA
Figure 3.6. Mini Simplicity Connector
Table 3.4. Mini Simplicity Connector Pin Descriptions
Pin number Function Description
1 VAEM Target voltage on the debugged application. Supplied and monitored by the AEM
when power selection switch is in the "AEM" position.
2 GND
3 RST Reset
4 VCOM_RX Virtual COM Rx
5 VCOM_TX Virtual COM Tx
6 SWO Serial Wire Output
7 SWDIO Serial Wire Data
8 SWCLK Serial Wire Clock
9 PTI_FRAME Packet Trace Frame Signal
10 PTI_DATA Packet Trace Data Signal
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4. Power Supply and Reset
4.1 Radio Board Power Selection
The EFR32 on a Wireless Starter Kit can be powered by one of these sources:
• the debug USB cable;
• a 3 V coin cell battery; or
• a USB regulator on the Radio Board (for devices with USB support only).
The power source for the radio board is selected with the slide switch in the lower left corner of the Wireless STK Mainboard. Figure
4.1 Power Switch on page 10 shows how the different power sources can be selected with the slide switch.
VMCU
AEM
USB
BAT
USB Mini-B
Connector
Advanced
Energy
Monitor
3 V Lithium Battery
(CR2032)
BAT
USB
AEM
LDO
EFR32
5 V 3.3 V
Figure 4.1. Power Switch
With the switch in the AEM position, a low noise 3.3 V LDO on the WSTK Mainboard is used to power the Radio Board. This LDO is
again powered from the debug USB cable. The Advanced Energy Monitor is now also connected in series, allowing accurate high
speed current measurements and energy debugging/profiling.
With the switch in the USB position, radio boards with USB-support can be powered by a regulator on the radio board itself. BRD4101B
does not contain an USB regulator, and setting the switch in the USB postition will cause the EFR32 to be unpowered.
Finally, with the switch in the BAT position, a 20 mm coin cell battery in the CR2032 socket can be used to power the device. With the
switch in this position no current measurements are active. This is the recommended switch position when powering the radio board
with an external power source.
Note: The current sourcing capabilities of a coin cell battery might be too low to supply certain wireless applications.
Note: The Advanced Energy Monitor can only measure the current consumption of the EFR32 when the power selection switch is in
the AEM position.
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4.2 Board Controller Power
The board controller is responsible for important features such as the debugger and the Advanced Energy Monitor, and is powered
exclusively through the USB port in the top left corner of the board. This part of the kit resides on a separate power domain, so a differ-
ent power source can be selected for the target device while retaining debugging functionality. This power domain is also isolated to
prevent current leakage from the target power domain when power to the Board Controller is removed.
The board controller power domain is not influenced by the position of the power switch.
The kit has been carefully designed to keep the board controller and the target power domains isolated from each other as one of them
powers down. This ensures that the target EFR32 device will continue to operate in the USB and BAT modes.
4.3 EFR32 Reset
The EFR32 Wireless SoC can be reset by a few different sources:
• A user pressing the RESET button.
• The on-board debugger pulling the #RESET pin low.
• An external debugger pulling the #RESET pin low.
In addition to the reset sources mentioned above, a reset to the EFR32 will also be issued during Board Controller boot-up. This means
that removing power to the Board Controller (plugging out the J-Link USB cable) will not generate a reset, but plugging the cable back
in will, as the Board Controller boots up.
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5. Peripherals
The starter kit has a set of peripherals that showcase some of the features of the EFR32.
Be aware that most EFR32 I/O routed to peripherals are also routed to the breakout pads. This must be taken into consideration when
using the breakout pads for your application.
5.1 Push Buttons and LEDs
The kit features two user push buttons, marked PB0 (BUTTON0) and PB1 (BUTTON1), and two yellow LEDs, marked LED0 and LED1.
The two push buttons are directly connected to the EFR32, and are debounced by a simple RC filter with a time constant of approxi-
mately 1 ms. The buttons are connected to pins PF4 and PF5.
The two user LEDs are controlled by the IO-expander on the Radio Board. By default, the IO-expander will drive the LEDs when the
button signals are pulled low, so it is possible to reconfigure pins PF4 and PF5 as outputs to control the LEDs. In this case, driving PF4
low will turn on LED0, and driving PF5 low will turn on LED1.
It is also possible to program the LEDs directly by writing to the LED_CTRL (0x03) register in the IO-expander using the I2C bus. If
REG_CTRL (bit 7) in LED_CTRL (0x03) is set, the LEDs will indicate the state of bits 0 and 1 of the LED_CTRL register. When this
feature is used, the LED state will no longer follow the state of the BUTTON pins.
User Buttons
& LEDs
UIF_PB0
UIF_PB1
PF4 (GPIO)
PF5 (GPIO)
PF4 (GPIO)
PF5 (GPIO)
EFR32BG1
I2C_SCL I2C_SDA WAKE
EFM8SB1
UIF_LED0
UIF_LED1
Figure 5.1. Buttons and LEDs
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5.2 Memory LCD-TFT Display
A 1.28-inch SHARP Memory LCD-TFT is available on the kit to enable interactive applications to be developed. The display has a high
resolution of 128 by 128 pixels, and consumes very little power. It is a reflective monochrome display, so each pixel can only be light or
dark, and no backlight is needed in normal daylight conditions. Data sent to the display is stored in the pixels on the glass, which means
no continous refreshing is required to maintain a static image.
The display interface consists of an SPI-compatible serial interface and some extra control signals. Pixels are not individually addressa-
ble, instead data is sent to the display one line (128 bits) at a time.
The Memory LCD-TFT display is shared with the kit Board Controller, allowing the Board Controller application to display useful infor-
mation when the user application is not using the display. The user application always controls ownership of the display with the
DISP_ENABLE signal:
• DISP_ENABLE = LOW: The Board Controller has control of the display
• DISP_ENABLE = HIGH: The user application (EFR32) has control of the display
Power to the display is sourced from the target application power domain when the EFR32 controls the display, and from the Board
Controller's power domain when the DISP_ENABLE line is low. Data is clocked in on DISP_SI when DISP_CS is high, and the clock is
sent on DISP_SCLK. The maximum supported clock speed is 1.1 MHz.
DISP_EXTCOMIN is the "COM Inversion" line. It must be pulsed periodically to prevent static build-up in the display itself. Please refer
to the display application information for details on driving the display:
http://www.sharpmemorylcd.com/1-28-inch-memory-lcd.html
0: Board Controller controls display
1: TARGET controls display
DISP_ENABLE
I2C_SCL I2C_SDA WAKE
EFM8SB1
DISP_EXTCOMIN
PB11 (US0_CLK#4)
PA0 (US0_TX#0)
EFR32BG1
PC6 (US0_CS#8)
Figure 5.2. 128x128 Pixel Memory LCD
On the BRD4101B Radio Board, both the DISP_ENABLE and the DISP_EXTCOMIN signals are driven by the I2C I/O expander device.
The DISP_ENABLE signal is set by writing to bit 0 (ENABLE) of the DISP_CTRL (0x00) register. The DISP_EXTCOMIN signal is set or
cleared by writing to bit 1 (EXTCOMIN) of the DISP_CTRL (0x00) register.
There is also an option to have the I/O expander device automatically handle the periodic toggeling of the DISP_EXTCOMIN signal. If
AUTO_EXTCOMIN (bit 2) in DISP_CTRL (0x00) is set, the DISP_EXTCOMIN signal will toggle at a fixed rate of 60 Hz (30 Hz clock
output).
Note: The display peripheral shares GPIO pins with the Serial Flash and the Virtual COM port peripherals, as well as the EXP header.
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5.3 Serial Flash
The BRD4101B radio board is equipped with an 8 Mbit Macronix MX25R SPI flash that is connected directly to the EFR32. Figure
5.3 Radio Board Serial Flash on page 14 shows how the serial flash is connected to the EFR32.
PB11 (US0_CLK#4)
PA0 (US0_TX#0)
PA1 (US0_RX#0)
PC7 (US0_CS#9)
EFR32BG1
MX25R8035F
SCLK
MOSI
MISO
SCS
VMCU
VDD
8 Mbit
Figure 5.3. Radio Board Serial Flash
The MX25R series are ultra low power serial flash devices, so there is no need for a separate enable switch to keep current consump-
tion down. However, it is important that the flash is always put in deep power down mode when not used. This is done by issuing a
command over the SPI interface. In deep power down, the MX25R typically adds approximately 100 nA to the radio board current con-
sumption.
Note: The serial flash peripheral shares GPIO pins with the Display and the Virtual COM port peripherals, as well as the EXP header.
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5.4 Si7021 Relative Humidity and Temperature Sensor
The Si7021 I2C relative humidity and temperature sensor is a monolithic CMOS IC integrating humidity and temperature sensor ele-
ments, an analog-to-digital converter, signal processing, calibration data, and an I2C Interface. The patented use of industry-standard,
low-K polymeric dielectrics for sensing humidity enables the construction of low-power, monolithic CMOS Sensor ICs with low drift and
hysteresis, and excellent long term stability.
The humidity and temperature sensors are factory-calibrated and the calibration data is stored in the on-chip non-volatile memory. This
ensures that the sensors are fully interchangeable, with no recalibration or software changes required.
The Si7021 is available in a 3x3 mm DFN package and is reflow solderable. It can be used as a hardware- and software-compatible
drop-in upgrade for existing RH/ temperature sensors in 3x3 mm DFN-6 packages, featuring precision sensing over a wider range and
lower power consumption. The optional factory-installed cover offers a low profile, convenient means of protecting the sensor during
assembly (e.g., reflow soldering) and throughout the life of the product, excluding liquids (hydrophobic/oleophobic) and particulates.
The Si7021 offers an accurate, low-power, factory-calibrated digital solution ideal for measuring humidity, dew-point, and temperature,
in applications ranging from HVAC/R and asset tracking to industrial and consumer platforms.
The I2C bus used for the Si7021 is shared with the Expansion Header. The temperature sensor is normally isolated from the I2C line. To
use the sensor, SENSOR_ENABLE must be set high. When enabled, the sensor's current consumption is included in the AEM meas-
urements.
EFM8SB1
SENSOR_ENABLE
0: I2C lines are isolated, sensor is not powered
1: Sensor is powered and connected
VMCU
EFR32BG1
PC11 (I2C0_SCL#15)
PC10 (I2C0_SDA#15)
PF3 (GPIO)
SENSOR_SDA
I2C_SCL
I2C_SDA
WAKE
SENSOR_SCL
VDD_SENSOR
Si7021
Temperature
& Humidity
Sensor
Figure 5.4. Si7021 Relative Humidity and Temperature Sensor
On the BRD4101B Radio Board, the SENSOR_ENABLE signal is driven by the I2C I/O expander device. Enabling the relative humidity
& temperature sensor is done by setting ENABLE (bit 0) in the SENSOR_CTRL (0x02) register.
Please refer to the Silicon Labs web pages for more information: http://www.silabs.com/humidity-sensors
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5.5 Virtual COM Port
An asynchronous serial connection to the board controller is provided for application data transfer between a host PC and the target
EFR32. This eliminates the need for an external serial port adapter.
PA0 (US0_TX#0)
PA1 (US0_RX#0) VCOM_RX
VCOM_TX
Board
Controller
EFR32BG1
USB Host
PC
Isolation & Level Shift
PB11 (US0_CTS#2)
PC6 (US0_RTS#6)
VCOM_CTS
VCOM_RTS
ETH
or
VCOM_ENABLE
I2C_SCL I2C_SDA
WAKE
EFM8SB1
TXD
RXD
RTS
CTS
Figure 5.5. Virtual COM Port Interface
The Virtual COM port consists of a physical UART between the target device and the board controller, and a logical function in the
board controller that makes the serial port available to the host PC over USB or Ethernet. The UART interface consists of four pins and
an enable signal.
Table 5.1. Virtual COM Port Interface Pins
Signal Description
VCOM_TX Transmit data from the EFR32 to the board controller
VCOM_RX Receive data from the board controller to the EFR32
VCOM_CTS Clear to Send hardware flow control input, asserted by the board controller when it is ready to receive more data
VCOM_RTS Request to Send hardware flow control output, asserted by the EFR32 when it is ready to receive more data
VCOM_ENABLE Enables the VCOM interface, allowing data to pass through to the board controller.
The parameters of the serial port, such as baud rate or flow control, can be configured using the admin console. The default settings
depends on which radio board is used with the Wireless STK Mainboard. Please see for more details.
Note: The VCOM port is only available when the board controller is powered, which requires the J-Link USB cable to be inserted.
On the BRD4101B Radio Board, the VCOM_ENABLE signal is driven by the I2C I/O expander device. Enabling the virtual COM port is
done by setting ENABLE (bit 0) in the VCOM_CTRL (0x01) register. Note that the Virtual COM Port is enabled by default when the
board powers up.
Note: The Virtual COM port shares GPIO pins with the Display and the Serial Flash peripherals, as well as the EXP header.
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5.5.1 Host Interfaces
Data sent to the board controller through the VCOM interface is available in two different ways to the user. At the same time, data can
be sent to the target device using these interfaces:
• Virtual COM port using a standard USB-CDC driver.
• TCP/IP, by connecting to the Wireless STK on TCP/IP port 4901 with a Telnet client.
When connecting via USB, the device should automatically show up as a COM port. Some examples of device names that can be as-
sosiated with the kit:
• JLink CDC UART Port (COM5) on Windows hosts
• /dev/cu.usbmodem1411 on macOS
• /dev/ttyACM0 on Linux
Note that these are only examples of what the device might show up as, and the actual assignment depends on the operating system,
and how many devices are or have been connected previously. Data sent by the target device into the VCOM interface can be read
from this port, and data written to this port is transmitted to the traget device.
Connecting to the Wireless STK on port 4901 gives access to the same data over TCP/IP. Data written into the VCOM interface by the
target device can be read from the socket, and data written into the socket is transmitted to the target device.
Note: Only one of these interfaces can be used at the same time, with the TCP/IP socket taking priority. This means that if a socket is
connected to port 4901, no data can be sent or received on the USB COM port.
5.5.2 Serial Configuration
By default, the VCOM serial port is configured to use 115200 8N1, with flow control disabled/ignored. (115.2 Kbit/s, 8 databits, 1 stop
bit). The configuration can be changed using the Admin Console:
WSTK> serial vcom config
Usage: serial vcom config [--nostore] [handshake <rts/cts/rtscts/disable/auto>] [speed <9600,921600>]
Using this command, the baud rate can be configured between 9600 and 921600 bit/s, and hardware handshake can be enabled or
disabled on either or both flow control pins.
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5.5.3 Hardware Handshake
The VCOM peripheral supports basic RTS/CTS flow control.
VCOM_CTS (target clear to send) is a signal that is output from the board controller and input to the target device. The board controller
de-asserts this pin whenever its input buffer is full and it is unable to accept more data from the target device. If hardware handshake is
enabled in the target firmware, its UART peripheral will halt when data is not being consumed by the host. This implements end-to-end
flow control for data moving from the target device to the host.
VCOM_CTS is connected to the RTS pin on the board controller, and is enabled by setting handshake to either RTS or RTSCTS using
the "serial vcom config" command.
VCOM_RTS (target request to send) is a signal that is output form the target device and input to the board controller. The board control-
ler will halt transmission of data towards the target if the target device de-asserts this signal. This gives the target firmware a means to
hold off incoming data until it can be processed. Please note that de-asserting RTS will not abort the byte currently being transmitted,
so the target firmware must be able to accept at least one more character after RTS is de-asserted.
VCOM_RTS is connected to the CTS pin of the board controller, and is enabled by setting handshake to either CTS or RTSCTS using
the "serial vcom config" command in the Admin Console. If CTS flow control is disabled, the state of VCOM_RTS will be ignored and
data will be transmitted to the target device anyway.
Table 5.2. Hardware Handshake Configuration
Mode Description
disabled RTS (VCOM_CTS) is not driven by the board controller and CTS (VCOM_RTS) is ignored
rts RTS (VCOM_CTS) is driven by the board controller to halt target from transmitting when input buffer is full. CTS
(VCOM_RTS) is ignored.
cts RTS (VCOM_CTS) is not driven by the board controller. Data is transmitted to the target device if CTS
(VCOM_RTS) is asserted, and halted when de-asserted.
rtscts RTS (VCOM_CTS) is driven by the board controller to halt target when buffers are full. Data is transmitted to the
target device if CTS (VCOM_RTS) is asserted, and halted when de-asserted.
Note: Please note that enabling CTS flow control without configuring the VCOM_RTS pin can result in no data being transmitted from
the host to the target device.
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5.6 I2C I/O expander
The EFR32BG1 2.4 GHz 8 dBm WLCSP radio board features the wafer level chip scale package variant of the EFR32 Blue Gecko
Wireless SoC. This variant provides a complete Bluetooth solution in a tiny 3.30 x 3.14 mm package. The package contains 43 BGA
balls in a 0.4 mm pitch grid, giving access to a total of 19 General Purpose I/O pins.
Because of the limited number of I/O pins in the WLCSP package, an I2C based I/O expander device was added to the radio board
design in order to support advanced Wireless Starter Kit features. This is not part of the general reference design for the EFR32BG1,
but rather a Wireless Starter Kit support feature.
The I/O expander off-loads some of the I/O requirements needed to activate certain peripherals of the Wireless Starter Kit, such as:
• The VCOM_ENABLE signal for enabling the virtual COM port interface
• The DISP_ENABLE signal for enabling the Memory LCD-TFT display, as well as the DISP_EXTCOMIN signal required to drive the
display.
• The SENSOR_ENABLE signal for enabling the Si7021 Relative Humidity and Temperature Sensor
• The user LEDs
The I/O expander presents a very simple register interface that can be read and written using the I2C bus. It is implemented using a
Silicon Labs EFM8 Sleepy Bee device, and consumes very little power during (less than 100 nA) normal operation.
EFR32BG1
PC11 (I2C0_SCL#15)
PC10 (I2C0_SDA#15)
PF3 (GPIO)
I2C_SCL
I2C_SDA
IOEXP_WAKE I/O Expander
EFM8SB1
SENSOR_ENABLE
VCOM_ENABLE
DISP_ENABLE
DISP_EXTCOMIN
LED0
LED1
Figure 5.6. I2C I/O Expander (EFM8)
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