Silvan Selecta Supaflo 3500 User manual

Operator’s Manual
MANAB11 Rev E 25/11/20 Supaflo Airblast Sprayer 3500L

1
Contents
Page
Contents 1
Sprayer Details 1
Warranty 2
Specifications 3
Safety Information 4
Installation 7
Operation 11
Calibration 15
Optional Equipment 21
Lubrication and Maintenance 22
Troubleshooting 24
Pre Delivery, Installation and Warranty Form 25
Notes 26
YOUR SPRAYER DETAILS
Record the details of your sprayer here for future reference when discussing service with
your Silvan dealer, ordering parts or making a warranty claim.
SERIAL NUMBER _____________________________
MODEL ________________________________________________
DATE OF DELIVERY _____________________________
SELLING DEALER ________________________________________________
ADDRESS ________________________________________________
TELEPHONE NO. _____________________________
INSTALLED BY _____________________________

2
New Product Warranty
Silvan Australia Pty. Ltd. builds equipment to a high level of specification using components from quality
suppliers. The following information is provided to assist you with any repairs required within the
warranty period. All warranty repairs on Silvan products are carried out by Silvan dealers. If any
warranty repairs are required on Silvan products, it is recommended that the product be returned to the
place of purchase. It is good practice to keep a record of equipment maintenance both during and after
the warranty period.
The warranty policy below explains the extent and limitations of your Warranty coverage on Silvan
Products.
Our goods come with guarantees that cannot be excluded under the Australian Consumer Law.
You are entitled to a replacement or refund for a major failure and for compensation for any
other reasonably foreseeable loss or damage. You are also entitled to have the goods repaired
or replaced if the goods fail to be of acceptable quality and the failure does not amount to a
major failure.
We warrant our goods to be free from defects in materials and workmanship for the warranty period of
12 months from the date the product is delivered to the consumer.
Silvan warrants its authorised Dealer, who in turn warrants the original purchaser (consumer) of each
new Silvan product that it will repair or replace the product, or, pay the cost of repair or replacement, as
determined by Silvan without charge for labour or any defective or malfunctioning parts in accordance
with the warranty limitations below.
This Warranty is in addition to any other rights and remedies available to consumers under the law.
This Warranty Covers
Only conditions resulting directly from defects in workmanship or material under normal use and
service.
Warranty Exclusions
The Warranty does not cover:
· Conditions resulting from misuse, use of incompatible chemicals, exceeding machine specifications
including overloading, impact damage, negligence, accidental damage or failure to perform
recommended maintenance services as specified in the Owner/Operator Manual applicable to the
product.
· Damage caused by continued use of a product after initial failure
· Any product which has been repaired by other than an authorised Silvan service outlet in a way which,
in the sole and absolute judgment of Silvan, adversely affect its performance or reliability.
· The replacement of maintenance items such as diaphragms, batteries, V belts and ground engaging
components, etc.
How to claim Warranty
Return the goods to the place of purchase at your cost and within the warranty period along with
evidence of the purchase date. If the original supplier cannot be contacted then contact Silvan as below
and we can direct you on how to proceed with your warranty claim.
How your claim will be managed
The repair of a defective product qualifying under this warranty will be performed by any authorised
Silvan service outlet within a reasonable time following the delivery of the product, at the cost of the
owner, to the service outlet’s place of business. The product will be repaired or replaced depending on
the extent of the problem at the discretion of Silvan and the Silvan dealer.
Silvan Australia Pty Ltd
68 Atlantic Drive,
Keysborough,
Victoria 3173
1300 SILVAN (745 826)
[email protected]m

3
Specifications
General
The trailed Supaflo 3500L Airblast Sprayer is
designed for the application of agricultural
chemicals in orchards and vineyards. It uses a high
pressure pump and nozzles to atomise the chemical
solution, together with a high volume axial flow air
fan to distribute the spray.
Tank
Polytuff impact resistant polyethylene.
3500 litre capacity.
Floating ball calibrated sight line.
455 mm diameter flip top lid and basket strainer.
Drain valve with 38 mm diameter outlet.
30 litre inbuilt mixer for chemicals.
40 litre hand wash water tank.
Agitation
Continuous by-pass fluid agitation plus venturi
agitator in the front of the tank.
Drive
Bondioli & Pavesi constant velocity 540rpm
shielded PTO shaft direct coupled to pump with
shaft through to fan gearbox.
Pump
Positive displacement oil backed diaphragm pump
of varying capacity depending on sprayer
specification. Nitrile diaphragms and corrosion
resistant aluminium body with brass heads and
manifolds.
Pump output and maximum operating pressure at
540 PTO rpm as shown below.
Pump No. Output Max.Pressure
(l/min) (Bar)
IDS 1701 161 50
IDS 2600 249 50
Fan and Drive
Variable pitch 10 blade axial flow type of 900 mm
diameter with cast aluminium hub and curved nylon
reinforced plastic blades.
Adjustable polyethylene cowling with protective
mesh screen.
Air straightening vanes.
Two speed, oil bath gearbox with neutral position
direct coupled to fan through centrifugal clutch.
Speed (Hi gear) - at 540 PTO rpm 2,160 rpm
Air speed - at 40° pitch 50 m/sec
Capacity - at 40° pitch 85,500 m3/hr
Controls
Cab mounted control box with Master on/off switch,
left/right section controls and pressure adjusting
switch. Manual pressure regulator on valve bank. 60
Bar pressure gauge on valve bank. 40 Bar pressure
rated valve bank.
Nozzles
16 twin non-drip jet nozzles for easy changing of
application rate. Flip over action to turn on or off.
Brass body with removable ceramic jets and
stainless steel swirl plates. (24 on Powerhead
models)
Chemical Filling System
Venturi induction system.
30 litre chemical receptacle.
Water jets for flushing residue into tank.
Filtration
Four stage with removable elements.
1) Tank lid strainer 30 mesh.
2) Suction line filter 50 mesh (Blue).
3) Pressure filter Integral on valve bank. (80
Mesh)
4) Nozzle strainers Stainless steel.
Frame and Hitch
Heavy duty galvanised steel construction.
Adjustable drawbar with jockey wheel.
Axle and Wheels
Glideflex suspension axle
Galvanised steel rims.
11.00 x16 tubeless tyres.
Operating pressure 250 kpa (35 psi).
Optional Equipment
Radak conveyor system
SCRAM Jet to suit Radak conveyor
Powerhead conveyor
Double sided Full Row Vineyard conveyor
One side conveyor
Flotation tyres
Automatic rate controller
Dimensions and Weights
With standard drawbar retracted and wheels in
narrowest track.
Model Length Width Height
(all dimensions in mm)
Supaflo 3500L 4755 1830 1800
Mass (kg)
Model Dry Full
Supaflo 3500L 800 4350
To calculate part filled mass, add to empty mass
1 kg per litre of fluid, e.g. 500 kg for 500 litre.
Tractor Power Requirement
Minimum 60 PTO HP at 540 rpm (900mm fan)
Maximum Towing Speed
Depends on tractor power and terrain but should not
exceed 30 kph under any circumstances

4
Safety Information
Before operating the sprayer read the following safety instructions.
Failure to comply with these warnings may result in serious injury or death.
Whilst your Silvan Airblast sprayer has been designed and manufactured to incorporate all necessary safety
features it is essential that any person who operates or works on the machine is aware of the safety
precautions that should be exercised.
This sprayer is designed and manufactured
solely for the purpose of applying agricultural
chemicals to crops. Under no circumstances
should it be used for any other purpose.
Before using the sprayer carefully read and
ensure you understand the contents of this
manual and any other manual supplied with the
sprayer.
Before operating the sprayer read all the safety
warnings which are carried on various parts of
the machine. Refer to the next two pages for a
location diagram and the wording of these
warnings.
Never allow an inadequately trained person to
attach or operate the sprayer.
Do not operate the sprayer whilst wearing loose
clothing, unrestrained long hair, jewellery or
anything which could become entangled in
rotating components or limit your vision.
Only operate the sprayer on a tractor fitted with
a roll-over protective structure (ROPS), or a cab
incorporating a ROPS, complying with AS1636
or equivalent.
Wear ear protection when operating the sprayer
on a tractor that is not fitted with a sound proofed
cabin.
Ensure the towing capacity and power of the
tractor is suitable for the loaded weight and
power requirement of the sprayer. Refer to the
tractor operator’s manual for safe working loads
and relevant tractor safety instructions.
Exercise extreme care when operating in hilly or
uneven terrain to ensure proper stability. Adjust
the sprayer wheel track for maximum stability on
side slopes. Refer also to the tractor
operating and safety instructions.
Do not allow any person to ride on the sprayer or
tractor whilst it is in motion.
Do not operate the sprayer at speeds greater
than 540 PTO rpm.
Do not operate the sprayer without all the tractor
and sprayer safety shields in place. Carefully
check that PTO and driveline shields are
correctly installed.
Stop the tractor, disengage the PTO, apply the
parking brake and switch off the tractor engine
before performing any service work on the
sprayer.
Disconnect the PTO shaft at the tractor and
ensure the sprayer is properly supported and
restrained before performing any maintenance
work. Do not support the sprayer by the jockey
wheel when the tank is full or partly full of liquid.
Do not adjust the drawbar or wheel track without
the sprayer being properly supported. Do not
support by the jockey wheel.
Before use of any chemicals refer to the
chemical manufacturer’s label and safety
instructions for safe handling procedures and
correct method of use. Always use the
recommended personal protective clothing and
equipment. Dispose of empty chemical
containers in accordance with the instructions
supplied by the chemical manufacturer.
Always wear gloves when removing and
cleaning filters and nozzles.
Ensure that all operators and associated
personnel are familiar with the legal regulations
and codes of practice that apply to the safe use,
storage and disposal of spray chemicals.
Do not enter the sprayer tank under any
circumstances. If service to the tank is required
contact Silvan for correct maintenance
procedures.

5
t Number number
SUPAFLO 3500 SUPAFLO SPRAYER - REAR VIEW
SUPAFLO 3500 SUPAFLO SPRAYER - FRONT VIEW
DEC 68
399 14 1000
DEC 63
DEC 101213P
Safety Information
The locations of the safety decals fitted to Supaflo Sprayers are shown in the
diagrams below. The wording of the decals is shown on the following page.
It is important that all operators read and follow the information on all safety decals
before operating the sprayer. Failure to comply with these warnings could result in
serious injury or death.
Safety decals should be kept clean and legible at all times. If any decals are missing
or unreadable they should be replaced by ordering new decals from your Silvan
dealer using the part numbers shown.
DEC Gearbox
DEC 232
DEC 68

6
Safety Information
Wording of Safety Warnings
Part Number 399 14 1000
The wording of the safety decals shown on the previous pages is given below.
Before operating the sprayer read all safety warning decals.
Failure to comply with these warnings could result in serious injury or death
Part Number DEC101213P
Part Number DEC 68
Part Number DEC 232
Part Number DEC 63
Part Number DEC Gearbox

7
Installation
Attaching to the Tractor
Attach the sprayer hitch to the tractor drawbar
using the tractor hitch pin. Adjust the height of the
tractor drawbar and/or sprayer hitch to level the
sprayer. The hitch on the sprayer drawbar can be
installed in either the high or low position.
To alter the sprayer hitch height, remove the
drawbar attaching bolt and slide the drawbar out.
Rotate the drawbar through 1800and reinstall it in
the alternate position. Ensure that the drawbar
attaching bolt is securely retightened.
Clean and grease the splines on the tractor and
sprayer PTO stub shafts and install the PTO shaft
making sure that the spring loaded locking pins
engage in the grooves of both stub shafts. Ensure
that the tractor’s PTO shaft guard is attached to
the tractor.
PTO Shaft Length
Note: Upon delivery of a new sprayer it is the
selling dealer’s responsibility to install and set the
PTO shaft to the correct length. The following
information is provided for reference.
greater than about 10 cm, refer Fig 1.
The hitch point between the tractor and sprayer
should be approximately midway between the two
joints of the PTO shaft and the height difference
between the joints should not be greater than
about 10 cm, refer Fig 1. This will ensure the joint
angles are approximately equal during turns and
do not exceed the allowable limit.
When using the standard wide-angle PTO shaft
(Constant Velocity Joint shaft) the position of the
drawbar hitch point is not as crucial as the wide
angle shaft will accommodate the tractor end of
the drawbar being shorter than the sprayer side.
The telescoping tubes must overlap by at least
1/3 their length, but not less than 150mm, in all
possible operating positions and there must be
at least 25mm telescopic movement remaining at
the minimum operating length, refer Fig 2.
The length of the sprayer drawbar can be
adjusted by removing its attaching bolt and sliding
the drawbar in or out to one of the three positions
where the bolt holes align. Reinstall the drawbar
bolt and tighten securely.
The length of the tractor drawbar may also need
to be adjusted.
If the PTO shaft must be shortened cut equal
amounts from both male and female shafts and
safety covers. Carefully remove all burrs then
clean and relubricate before reassembling.
Installation
Approx. 10 cm
Max
Attaching bolt
Adjust sprayer
drawbar
length
and height
Approx. equal
PTO SHAFT ALIGNMENT - Fig 1.
PTO SHAFT ALIGNMENT - Fig 2.

8
Adjusting the Fan
The Supaflo fan has four separate adjustments
which can be used to regulate the air flow to suit
particular applications.
1. Air Gap The volume and velocity of the airflow
can be regulated by adjusting the gap between
the fan cowl and the mounting plate for the spray
nozzles. Moving the cowl in reduces the gap and
increases the air velocity, which is best suited to
vines and similar close plantings. Moving the cowl
out reduces the air velocity but
increases the volume, which is more suited to
larger canopy tree crops.
The cowl slides on two bars at its base and the
air gap is regulated by the threaded rod at the top.
To adjust the gap, use a 5mm Allen key to loosen
the two grub screws on the underside of the cowl
which clamp onto the slide bar at each side.
Loosen the nuts on the top threaded rod and
move the cowl to the desired position. The
minimum gap is 100mm and the maximum is
140mm. After adjusting the cowl, retighten the
nuts and grub screws.
2. Air Wedges The air wedges are located on the
forward face of the fan cowling at the 10 o’clock
and 2 o’clock positions. Removing the wedges
increases the air flow to the upper area of the tree
canopy in crops such as apples and citrus fruits.
To remove the wedges, first remove the two 6mm
attaching bolts on each wedge.
3. Airflow Adjusters An airflow adjuster is
located at the base of the fan on either side to
influence the direction of airflow. When angled
upwards the adjusters direct the airflow upwards
to suit free growing trees and taller crops. In the
horizontal position the adjusters direct the air
more laterally for spraying vines and small to
medium height crops.
The adjusters are positioned by removing the
outer attaching bolt, pivoting them to the
required location and reinstalling the outer bolt.
4. Blade Pitch The pitch angle of the fan blades
can be adjusted to match the power output of the
tractor if required.
The larger the pitch angle the greater the volume
of air that will be displaced and the higher the
tractor power that will be required.
Normally when there is sufficient tractor power the
fan should be operated at full pitch and if a lower
volume of air is required the fan gearbox should
be set in the low speed position.
Installation
AIRFLOW ADJUSTER
ADJUSTING AIR GAP and REMOVING AIR
WEDGES
ADJUSTMENTS FOR 900mm FAN
Airflow
Adjuster
Fan Cowl
Air Gap
Threaded
Rod
Mounting
Plate
Cowl Bar
Locking Screw
Optional Airblast
Straightening Vanes
Air Wedge

9
If the pitch angle is increased more air will be
displaced but higher power will be consumed,
and conversely, if the pitch is reduced less air
will be displaced and less power will be
consumed.
If tractor power is limited, then the pitch of the
fan blades should be reduced so that the power
absorbed by the fan in the high speed position
will leave sufficient power for the tractor to tow
the sprayer with full tanks at the required
operating speed over the prevailing ground
conditions.
To adjust the pitch, remove the mesh guard and
fan hub cover.
The cylindrical stub at the inner end of each fan
blade is located in a recess in the hub and is
clamped in place by a capping block attached by
two hexagonal head screws.
The blade angle can be altered by loosening the
balance screw either side of the hub and the
clamp screw that goes through the hub. The
blade can then be rotated. The pitch setting is
regulated by teeth moulded into the base of the
blade and a locking tab attached to the hub
clamp screw.
Each tooth on the blade is equivalent to 5
degrees of pitch angle. A reference line on the
blade is marked as 35 degrees of pitch and the
blade can be set between 20 and 45 degrees.
The standard pitch setting as delivered is 30
degrees.
Adjust one blade at a time and ensure that
each is set to the same pitch angle.
Check that the blade is positioned so that the
tooth on the locking tab engages the blade teeth
at the desired pitch setting.
Then securely tighten the hub clamp screw to
approx 20 N/M of torque (15 ft/lb).
The balance washer bolts can then be tightened
by just bringing the head of the bolt, or the
washer if fitted into contact with the hub clamp.
Do not tighten these any further
Do not remove the washers from the screws
attaching the clamping blocks as these are used
as weights to balance the fan. If the blades or
washers are removed or replaced the fan should
be rebalanced by your Silvan dealer.
Refit the hub cap and safety mesh after
adjusting the blade pitch.
See following page for fan blade
adjustment diagram.
Straightening Vanes
Non-adjustable stationary vanes are installed
at the rear of the fan cowling to improve
the alignment and uniformity of the airstream
from the fan.
The vanes impart a clockwise rotation to
the incoming air to counteract the
directional bias in the airstream which
results from the anti-clockwise rotation of the
fan. With the vanes installed the airstream
will be more symmetrically distributed about
the centreline of the sprayer and will
provide more uniform crop coverage
under critical conditions.
Maximum operating pitch is 40
degrees. Any higher than this may
result in excessive clutch wear.
The tightening of the hub clamps is
very important. The bolts that hold the
balance washers must NOT have any
excessive torque applied when
tightening them. They should be just
done up to the point that the bolt head
or washer if fitted is just sitting
against the hub clamp and no tighter.
Please follow carefully the
instructions below.

10
Fan Blade
Clamping Block
Fan Hub
Balance Screws
and Washers
Locating Tab & Hub Clamp screwLocating Tab & Hub Clamp screw
350Pitch
Reference Mark
Installation
Locating Teeth
Locating Tab & Hub
Clamp Screw

11
Operation
Starting the Sprayer
Before starting the sprayer for the first time
grease all lubrication points including the PTO
shafts. Check that the oil level in the diaphragm
pump is level with the mark in the viewer and if
necessary top up with SAE 20W/40 multigrade
engine oil. Ensure that the gearbox oil level is
correct. Refer Maintenance section for details.
First conduct a trial using clean water only (no
chemicals) to become familiar with the controls
and to check that all system are functioning
correctly without leakage.
Before filling the tank check that the drain valve
located in front of LH step is in the “pump”’
position, i.e. red handle facing forwards. Then fill
the tank through the rear opening after checking
that the basket strainer is in place and clean.
Close and rotate the lid to secure it after filling.
Ensure the shut off valve in the suction filter is
open. It is open when the yellow cap is pushed in
and turned clockwise and closed when it is turned
counter-clockwise and removed. It automatically
closes when the cap is screwed off which allows
the filter cover to be unscrewed and the element
to be removed for cleaning while there is fluid in
the tank.
Check that the fan gearbox is engaged and the
required speed is selected. Never engage the fan
drive with the tractor engine running or the PTO
engaged. Moving the gearbox lever to the high
position produces maximum airflow. The low
position produces less airflow and can be used to
protect the crop canopy from damage.
The neutral position enables the pump to be
operated without the fan for hand spraying or
similar operations.
The fan incorporates a centrifugal clutch
which protects the gearbox and driveline if the
PTO is engaged rapidly. The sprayer should
always be operated at 540 PTO rpm to ensure
correct operation of the centrifugal clutch and
to prevent its premature wear.
Flip the required number of spray nozzles to
the open position. Refer to the Calibration
section for information on nozzles and jet
selection.
The fan incorporates a centrifugal clutch which
protects the gearbox and driveline if the PTO
is engaged rapidly. The sprayer should always
be operated at 540 PTO rpm to ensure correct
operation of the centrifugal clutch and to
prevent its premature wear.
Flip the required number of spray nozzles to
the open position. Refer to the Calibration
section for information on nozzles and jet
selection.
Before engaging the PTO, on the electric valve
controls switch the Master valve to the “Off”
position. This places the pump into by-pass
mode and closes the outlet valves to the spray
nozzles on either side of the sprayer.
Engage the PTO slowly and allow the
sprayer to run in by-pass mode. Once the
pump is primed increase the tractor engine
speed to 540 PTO rpm.
GEARBOX SELECTION LEVER
SUCTION FILTER - SUPAFLO MODELS
Shut Off Valve
Drain Valve Handle

12
Operation
Electric Motor Valves
aa
a
Aaa
The electric valves consist of a master valve to
switch from bypass to pressure, section valves
for left and right spraybars which incorporate
regulating bypass compensators and an electric
pressure adjusting valve to fine tune the
spraying pressure. The compensating ports fitted
to the section valves, when adjusted correctly,
will keep the system pressure at the same level
when individual sections are turned on and off.
Pressure Adjustment
With the section switches turned Off and the
Master switch turned On maximum pressure can
be set by the Manual Pressure Regulating Valve.
A clockwise rotation increases pressure and an
anticlockwise rotation reduces pressure. If the
desired spraying pressure cannot be obtained
with the Manual Pressure Regulating knob then
by holding up the toggle switch on the control
box will close the Electric Pressure Regulating
Valve and increase the system pressure and
vice versa.
To adjust the compensation ports:
Start the sprayer and set the spray pressure with
the master On and all sections On.
Then turn off the first section and adjust the
compensation knob R1 until the pressure is
exactly the same as it was with all sections on.
Turn the section back on and off to check the
pressure remains constant.
Turn all sections on again and repeat for the
remaining sections.
The sprayer is then adjusted correctly.
Adding Chemicals
Chemicals are added to the tank through the rear
top opening or more safely and conveniently by
use of the chemical inductor.
Take care to avoid the spillage of chemicals or
mixed solution. Wear gloves, eye protection and
the recommended protective clothing whilst filling
with chemicals. Wash your hands after filling if
they have come into contact with concentrate or
mixed solution.
Store unused chemicals and dispose of empty
chemical containers as recommended by the
chemical manufacturer or relevant authority.
Adding Chemicals with the Inductor System
The inductor system enables either powdered or
liquid chemicals to be safely and conveniently
added to the sprayer in concentrated form and
mixed within the tank. The chemical receptacle is
located under the front lid of the tank and has a
maximum capacity of 30 litres.
The inductor valves are located at the front of
the sprayer on either side of the pump as shown
below. The “Empty” valve directs pressurised
liquid to the venturi beneath the receptacle,
which creates suction to empty the chemicals
into the tank. The “Rinse” valve directs water
into the top of the receptacle to wash any
chemical residue into the tank after filling.
Master Valve Electric Pressure
Section Valves Regulating Valve
Manual Pressure
Regulating Valve
Before adding chemicals read and
follow the chemical
manufacturer's instructions and
wear the recommended protective
clothing.

13
Operation
From the chemical manufacturer’s instructions
determine the quantity of chemical that needs to
be added to the tank to achieve the correct
strength of solution.
Fill the sprayer with about 500 litres of water
through the rear tank opening and engage the
PTO with the tractor running slowly until the pump
is primed.
Switch the left and right section valves Off and
leave the master valve On. Run the PTO at
approximately 300 rpm and adjust the electric
pressure regulating valve to set the pressure at 8-
10 Bar.
Open the inductor “Empty” valve to commence
the venturi action. Then open the front lid of the
tank, pour the chemicals into the receptacle and
allow the suction to empty them into the tank. It is
preferable, but not essential, to close the lid whilst
the chemicals are emptying into the tank.
When the receptacle is empty, open the “Rinse”
valve to wash any residue into the tank. Close
both inductor valves and the tank lid and continue
to run the sprayer to complete filling the tank with
water through the rear opening. During this time
the by-pass flow and the venturi agitator will
thoroughly mix the solution.
Note: This is the only operation permitted with the
sprayer running while the operator is off the
tractor.
Emptying the Sprayer
At the end of each day partly fill the tank with
water and run this through the pump, spray lines
and nozzles to purge them of chemicals. Use a
cleaning agent such as Silvan All Clear tank
Cleaner.
Rinse the tank through the lid and empty with the
drain valve to remove powdered material. Never
leave chemicals in the tank that could settle to the
bottom and break into lumps that may block the
suction filter.
Dispose of unused chemical mix, rinse water and
containers as recommended by the chemical
manufacturer or government authority.
Road Travel
When towing the sprayer on a public road always
ensure that it is equipped with all the necessary
lights and signs to comply with local regulations.
Travel at slow speed and only with the main tank
empty. The weight of the sprayer with a full tank
could overload the braking capability of the tractor
and result in an accident.
CHEMICAL IND
Chemical Inductor System

14
Operation
Spray Nozzles
The spray nozzles have an outlet at each end but
only the jet that is flipped to the outward facing
position is “on”. This facilitates easy changing
between jets of different sizes, for example, when
requiring different application rates to suit
concentrated and diluted spraying.
Individual nozzles can be turned off when not
needed by flipping the nozzle 90 degrees so that
neither of its jets is facing outwards. Nozzle
direction can be adjusted by loosening the
attaching nut and angling the nozzle.
The nozzles include a non-drip valve, which
closes when the pressure drops below 1 Bar.
Standard Jets
Standard nozzles feature ceramic jets, stainless
steel swirl plates and stainless steel mesh
strainers, separated by nylon gaskets, as shown
in the component diagram opposite.
Nozzle output at a particular pressure can be
varied by fitting different jet and swirl plate
combinations, refer to the Single Nozzle Output
Chart on page 17.
Ceramic jets are sized according to the diameter
of the central hole in millimetres.
The purpose of the swirl plate is to create a
conical spray pattern. They either have a closed
centre, identified as CC, or a central hole which is
sized in millimetres. Closed centre swirl plates are
fitted for low outputs. At higher outputs, swirl
plates with a central hole are needed to fill the
centre of the conical spray pattern and when fitted
they should be one size smaller than the ceramic
jet.
Ceramic jets and swirl plates normally have a long
wear life and require little maintenance other than
regular checking and cleaning of strainers. The
spray pattern should be observed periodically
against a dark background to detect signs of wear
that will be indicated by a streaky or broken
pattern. If worn jets are detected then
the full set of jets, swirl plates and gaskets should
be replaced.
HCC Hollow Cone Ceramic Jets
HCC hollow cone ceramic jets produce a smaller
droplet spectrum and generally smaller droplets
across the whole pressure range. Smaller
droplets generally give better leaf coverage for
chemical efficacy.
The HCC components fit the standard nozzle
body and use the standard nozzle cap as shown
in the above diagram. The stainless steel mesh
strainers are not used with HCC jets as the base
of the jet needs to sit down into the brass nozzle
body.
Nozzle output can be varied by fitting different
size ceramic jets. Refer to the HCC Jet Chart on
page 17.
They can be used in various combinations with
the standard jets, which are fitted to the opposite
end of each flipover nozzle body.
Nozzle Cap
Nozzle Body
Swirl Plate
Jet
Standard Nozzle Components
Strainer
Swirl Plate
Jet
Gasket
HCC Nozzle Components
NOZZLE COMPONENTS
Gaskets
SPRAY NOZZLE
ON POSITION
OFF POSITION
Non-drip Valve

15
Calibration
Nozzle Selection and Calibration Checking
Chemical application rates and hence nozzle
selections will vary greatly depending on the crop
type, and the stage of crop development.
Information on application rates should be
available from your chemical supplier.
Nozzle selection can be made by following the
four simple steps shown below. The final step,
checking calibration after nozzle selection, is
essential for spraying efficiency by ensuring a
known amount of spray is applied per hectare.
STEP 1 Operating Factors
First establish the following factors.
a) Application rate (l/ha) in litres per hectare.
b) Travel speed (km/hr) The speed indicated by
your tractor can be checked by timing the sprayer
over a measured distance. The timing should be
done in seconds over 100 metres with the PTO
engaged and water in the tank to simulate real
spraying conditions. In hilly terrain the sprayer
should be timed driving up and down the hill and
the two times averaged. The speed can be
calculated according to the following formula.
c) Row width (m) The distance between rows
measured in metres. For single sided spraying
use half the row width.
d) Spray pressure (Bar) A pressure of between
10 and 30 Bar is usually selected. Lower spray
pressures will produce larger droplets which are
generally less effective than the smaller droplets
produced at higher pressures.
STEP 2 Total Output Required
Calculate the total spray output required in litres
per minute (l/min) using the formula above, or
alternatively use the Spraying Output Chart on the
following page.
Check that the calculated output does not exceed
the rated capacity of the pump. If it does, reduce
the travel speed or the application rate.
STEP 3 Nozzle Selection
a) For many applications a nozzle set selected
from the Standard Jet Set Chart on page 17 will
be suitable. The outputs shown apply when all 16
nozzles are to be used. Single sided spraying will
produce half the volume shown on the chart.
b) For special applications the jet and swirl plate
combination for each individual nozzle can be
selected by calculating the requirements for one
side of the sprayer, as follows, then copying the
pattern on the other side.
Decide on the number of nozzles to be used on
one side then calculate the individual nozzle flow
rates by halving the total output from Step 2 to
obtain the output for one side.
Use the Single Nozzle Output Chart on page 17
to select the jet and swirl plate combination which
is the closest match to the required nozzle output
at the chosen pressure.
Add up the flow rates of the individual jets to
check that the total output per side matches the
calculated value. Small variations can be
corrected by increasing pressure to increase
output or reducing pressure to reduce output.
STEP 4 Calibration Checking
After installing the selected jets, test the sprayer
with water to confirm the application rate. Fill the
tank to the brim or a specific mark then run the
sprayer for a measured time at operating
pressure and with the nozzles spraying.
A run time of two minutes should be sufficient.
Measure the volume of water, in litres, required to
refill the sprayer to the brim or the specific mark
chosen then divide this volume by the time of the
run, in minutes.
Output (l/min) = Volume to refill (litres)
Time (min)
Verify that the measured output matches the
value calculated at Step 2. For small variations
increase the spraying pressure to increase the
output or reduce the pressure to decrease the
flow.
Calibration
Total Output (l/min) =
Application rate (l/ha) x Speed (km/hr) x Row width (m)
600
Speed (km/hr) =
360
Time in Seconds for 100m

16
Spraying Output Chart
To use the chart draw a vertical line down from
the Travel Speed axis, at the speed you will be
using for spraying, until it intersects the diagonal
line for the Row Width of your crop. From this
point draw a horizontal line to intersect the
diagonal line for the Application Rate that you
have chosen, then draw a vertical line up to the
Total Output axis to show the total litres/min you
will need to use.
The dotted arrows on the chart show an example
using a Travel Speed of 3.5 km/hr with a Row
Width of 6m and an Application Rate of 2,000 l/ha.
The point at which the final vertical line intersects
the Total Output axis shows that the required total
output rate is 70 l/min.
Travel Speed (km/hr) Total Output (l/min)
SPRAYING OUTPUT CHART
4000
3000
1000
2500
4
6
8
10
6
1
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
4
Row Width (m)
1500
2000
6000
3500
5000
Application Rate (l/ha)
0
3
5
5
6
3
2
1
Area Covered (ha/hr)
5
4
3
2
500

17
Calibration
Using the Single Nozzle Output Chart
The chart below is used to select the Jet and Swirl Plate combination to use in each individual nozzle
when a particular distribution pattern is required, as covered by the procedure in Step 3b) on page 15.
HCC Hollow Cone Nozzle Chart
SINGLE NOZZLE OUTPUT CHART
OUTPUT - IN LITRES PER MINUTE
10 Bar 15 Bar 20 Bar 25 Bar 30 Bar 40 Bar 50 Bar
0.8 CC 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.9
1.0 CC 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.4 2.7
1.2 CC 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.6 2.8 3.2 3.5
1.5 CC 2.3 2.7 3.1 3.3 3.6 4.0 4.3
1.8 CC 2.7 3.2 3.6 4.1 4.5 5.0 5.5
2.0 CC 3.4 3.8 4.3 4.7 5.1 5.7 6.3
2.2 CC 3.8 4.1 4.6 5.1 5.6 6.6 7.4
2.5 CC 3.9 4.7 5.4 6.0 6.6 7.7 8.5
1.0 1.0 1.6 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.6 3.0 3.4
1.2 1.0 2.5 3.0 3.4 3.8 4.1 4.7 5.4
1.5 1.2 3.6 4.2 4.8 5.3 5.8 6.9 7.7
1.8 1.5 5.0 5.9 6.7 7.4 8.0 9.5 10.6
2.0 1.8 6.2 7.8 8.7 9.6 10.4 11.8 13.2
2.2 2.0 7.4 8.7 9.9 11.2 12.5 14.3 16.4
2.5 2.2 8.8 10.5 12.1 13.5 14.7 16.2 17.5
JET SIZE
SWIRL
PLATE

18
Calibration
Nozzle Sets for Typical Spraying Applications
The nozzle sets in the following four examples are suitable for typical applications when spraying
grapes, orchard fruits at either low or high spraying volume, or citrus fruits.
1. Grapes
Application rate 600 l/ha
Travel speed 5 km/hr
Row width 3.0 m
Spraying pressure 25 Bar
To provide a substantially horizontal spray pattern to suit vines the jets in positions 1, 2
and 8 are closed by flipping the nozzles through 90 degrees so that neither of the jets is
facing outwards, refer diagram on page 14.
The fitment of the same sized 0.8 jet and closed centre swirl plate (CC) in each of the nozzle
positions from 3 to 7 will produce a uniform density within the spray pattern.
2. Orchard Fruits - Low Volume Spraying
Application rate 1000 l/ha
Travel speed 5 km/hr
Row width 6.1 m
Spraying pressure 25 Bar
This arrangement will produce a spray pattern with approximately 70% of the output
discharging from the four centre jets Nos. 3, 4, 5 and 6. Refer to the Standard Jet Set
Chart on page 17 for full details of the output from each nozzle combination of disc and
swirl plate at various pressures.
=
Total Application Rate (l/min) =
Application rate (l/ha) x Speed (km/hr) x Row width (m)
600
600 x 5 x 3
600
= 15 l/min
=
Total Application Rate (l/min) =
Application rate (l/ha) x Speed (km/hr) x Row width (m)
600
1000 x 5 x 6.1
600
= 51 l/min

19
Calibration
3. Orchard Fruits - High Volume Spraying
Application rate 2000 l/ha
Travel speed 5 km/hr
Row width 6.1 m
Spraying pressure 25 Bar
This arrangement will produce a spray pattern which is biased towards the upper section
to provide good coverage of the overhead canopy. Approximately 60% of the output is
discharged from the four jets in positions Nos. 2, 3, 4 and 5. Refer to the Standard Jet
Set Chart on page 17 for full details of the output from each nozzle combination of disc
and swirl plate at various pressures.
4. Citrus Fruits
Application rate 6000 l/ha
Travel speed 2 km/hr
Row width 8.2 m
Spraying pressure 25 Bar
This arrangement will produce a spray pattern with a fairly uniform proportion of the
discharge from each nozzle but with some small bias towards the upper section of the
pattern. Refer to the Standard Jet Set Chart on page 17 for full details of the output from
each nozzle combination of disc and swirl plate at various pressures.
=
=
Total Application Rate (l/min) =
2000 x 5 x 6.1
600
= 102 l/min
=
=
Total Application Rate (l/min) =
6000 x 2 x 8.2
600
= 164 l/min