Sperry Rand UNIVAC 490 SPURT User manual

G ENE R A L
REFERENCE
I\,/) A N U A L
UP-3900

This manual is published by the UNIVAC@Division in loose leaf format as a
rapid and complete means of keeping recipients apprised of UNIVAC
Systems developments. The UNIVAC Division will issue updating packages,
utilizing primarily a page-for-page or unit replacement technique. Such
iss uance w ill provide notification of hardw are and/or software chan ges
and refinements. The UNI\' AC Di'r./ision reser'ves the right to ~a ke such
additions, corrections, and/or deletions as, in the judgment of the UNIVAC
Division,are required by the development of its respective Systems.
@ REGISTERED TRADEMARK OF THE SPERRY RAND CORPORATION © 1963 • SPERRY RAND CORPORATION
PRINTED IN U.S.A.

PREFACE
This ma.nual provides a comprehensive source of information concerning the UNIVAC 490 Real-Time
System: its basic units; its wide variety of configurations and applications; its uniquely efficient
instructions, and the programming packages which make the use of the system outstandingly practical
and economical.
The bulk of the manual is addressed to those who have a good knowledge of general computer concepts
and practices. The opening section, General Description, is intended for the use of anyone with an
interest in the subject. In addition to a discussion of the system as a whole and of its principal
components, this section deals with the relatively new concept of real time processing, of the reasons
for it, of the manner in which the UNIVAC 490 Real-Time System, through concurrency of operations,
combines the advantages of familiar batch processing methods with those of real time operations.

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UNIVAC 490 SPURT
Rev. 3 1
SECTION: PAGE:
1. CONTENTS
1. CONTENTS 1-1 to 1-4
2. INTRODUCTION 2-1 to 2-2
3. GENERAL DESCRIPTION 3-1 to 3-5
A. Communication Capabilities 3-2
B. Mass Storage Faci!ities 3-2
C. Real Time Central Processor Design 3-2
D. Input/Output Equipment 3-2
E. An Advanced, Comprehensive Programming System 3-3
F. Dependabi Iity of Operation 3-3
4. COMPONENT DESCRIPTION 4-1 to 4-18
A. Central Processor 4-1
8. Clocks 4-3
C. Subsystems 4-4
5. PROGRAMMING IN SPURT 5-A-l to 5-E-52
A. COMPUTER ELEMENTS RELATED TO PROGRAMMING 5-A-l
8.
C.
1. The Computer Word 5-A-l
2. Addressing 5-A-3
3. The Computer Instruction 5-A-3
CENTRAL PROCESSOR
1.
Storage Section
2.
Contra I Section
3.
Arithmetic Section
4. Input/Output Section
5.
Registers
TH E SPURT ASSEM8LY SYSTEM
1.
The SPURT Statement
2. The SPURT Coding Form
5-8-1
5-8-1
5-8-1
5-8-1
5-8-1
5-8-1
5-C-l
5-C-l
5-C-l
1

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Rev. 2
UNIVA~ q8D 5~URT
SEC TION: PA GE:
D. SPURT INSTRUCTION FORMAT
1. The General Operand
2. Comments on the Presentation of the 8asic SPURT Instructions
E.
8ASIC SPURT INSTRUCTIONS
1.
Data Transfer Instructions
2.
Shift Instructions
3. Comparing Instructions
4.
Jump Instructions
5.
Modifying Instructions
6.
Subtraction
7.
Addition
8.
Multiplication and Division
9.
Logical and Selective Instructions
10.
Miscellaneous Instructions
11.
Assembler Macro-Operations
12.
8 as ic In pu t/ 0 ut put Ins truct ion s
6. SPURT INPUT/OUTPUT UNDER EXECUTIVE CONTROL
A. STATUS CHECKING
1. Er ro rAn aIysis
2. Examples of CKSTAT
B. UNISERVO IIA MNEMONICS
1. UNISERVO IIA Tape Operations
2. UNISERVO IIA Status Words
C. UNISERVO IIIC MNEMONICS
1. UNISERVO IIIC Tape Operations
2. UNISERVO IIIC Status Words
D. UNISERVO IliA MNEMONICS
1. UNISERVO lilA Tape Operations
2. UNISERVO IliA Status
E. FLYING-HEAO-880 DRUM MNEMONICS
1. Flying Head-880 Drum Operations
2. Flying Head-880 Drum Status Words
F. HIGH-SPEED PRINTER MNEMONICS
1. High Speed Printer Operations
2. High-Speed Printer Status Words
G CARD MNEMONICS
1. Card Operations
2. Card Status Words
5-0-1
5-0-1
5-0-5
5-E-l
5-E-l
5-E-2
5-E-6
5-E-7
5-E-9
5-E-ll
5-E-14
5-E-16
5-E-25
5-E-33
5- E-35
5-E-40
6-A-i to 6-i-2
6-A-l
6-A-2
6-A-3
6-8-1
6-8-1
6-8-3
6-C-l
6-C-2
6-C-4
6-0-1
6-0-2
6-0-4
6-E-I
6-E-l
6-E-3
6-F -1
6-F -2
6-F -3
~- G-1
6-G-2
6-G-8
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UNIVAC 490 SPURT
Rev. 2 1 3
SECTION: PAGE:
H. FASTRAND MNEMONICS 6-H-l
L
FAST RAN 0 Operations
6-H-2
2.
FASTRAND Status Words
6-H-3
3.
FASTRAND Addressing 6-H-4
I.
PAPER TAPE MNEMONICS
6-1-1
L
Paper Tape Operations
6-1-1
2. Paper Tape Status Words
6-1-2
7.
CONSOLE PRINTER CONTROL
7-A-l to 7-8-2
A.
CONSOLE OUTPUT OPERATIONS
7-A-l
8.
CONSOLE INPUT OPERATIONS
7-8-1
8.
PROGRAM DEFINED MACRO OPERATIONS
8-1 to 8-5
A.
DEFINING A MACRO OPERATION
8-1
L
The MACRO Statement
8-1
2.
The ENDMAC Statement
8-2
3"
Variable Parameters
8-2
4"
Examples of MACRO Definition
8-2
B,
CALLING A MACRO
o "I
0-')
L
The Call Line
8-3
2"
Examples of Macro Call Line
8-3
C.
NESTiNG OF MACROS
8-4
D.
LABEL REFERENCE WITHIN MACROS
8-5
9, PROGRAM PREPARATION
9-1 t09-16
A,
SPURT REQUIREMENTS
9-1
L The Program Header
9-1
2. Allocation
9-1
8.
REX REQUIREMENTS
9-5
L
The Executive Information Region
9-5
2.
Declaration of Facility Requirements
9-7
3.
Drum and FASTRAND Statement
9-11
4.
Text Statement
9-12
5. Program Segmentation
9-13
C.
COMMENTS
9-16

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UNIVAC 490 SPURT
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SECTION: PAGE:
10. PROGRAM TESTING AND CORRECTION
A. SPURT OUTPUTS
l. Paper Tape Output
2. High Speed Printer Output
3. High Speed Printer Output On Magnetic Ta pe
4. Magnetic Tape Output
5. Concurrent High Speed Printer and Magnetic Tape Output
8, PROGRAM TESTING ROUTINES
L Program Testing Operations
2. Utilizing Program Testing Routines
C. CORRECTION PROCEDURES
1, Card Correction Procedures
2. The Ll Corrector
3" The Card Image Corrector Routine - CIMCO
D. CODED ERROR OUTPUT DURING ASSEM8LY
11. SYSTEM PROCEDURES
12. COBOL
13. SORT
14. MISCELLANEOUS ROUTINES
A. RMOPL II
(Routine for Maintaining an Object Program Library)
1.
System Requirements
2. Tape Composition
3.
Operations Performed
4. Parameter Cards
B. MITAR II
(Master Instruction Tape Assembly Routine)
1. System Requirements
2. Executi ve Se~uence
3. Tape Composition
4. MITAR Card Parameters
10-A-1 to 10-0-2
10-A-1
10-A-2
10-A-3
1O-A-5
10-A-5
10-A-6
10-B~1
10-8-1
10-8-4
10-C-1
1O-C-1
10-C-2
lO-C-3
10-0-1
14-A-l
14-A-l
14-A-l
14-A-2
14-A-2
14-8-1
14-8-1
14-8-1
14-8-1
14-8-5

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UNIVAC 490 SPURT
C. CATUT
(Card to Magnetic Tape Utility Routine)
L System Requirements
2. Program Structure
3. Card Input Composition and Arrangement
4. Description of Routines and Subroutines in CATUT
D. PRINTAPE
(Magnetic Tape to High Speed Printer Utility Routine)
1. System Requirements
E. TRACE IV
(Instruction Monitoring Routine)
1. System Requirements
2. Output Format
3. Operations Performed
4. P aramete rs
F. RMASL
(Routine for Maintaining a Source Language Library
1. System Requi rements
2. Input Formai
3.
Library Tape Format
4. Operations Performed
5.
Parameter Cards
G. CIMCO
(Card Image Corrector Routine)
1. System Requ i rements
2. Operations Performed
3. Correction Deck Format
H. CONVERSION, EDITING, AND ARITHMETIC ROUTINES
1. Conversion Routines
2. Ed iti ng Routi nes
3. Floating Point Routines
4. 00 ubi e Pre cis ion Ari th met ic R0 uti nes
5. Fie Idata Arithmetic Routines
APPENDICES
A. Computer Instructions
D. Peripheral Subsystems
Rev. 2 1
SECTION: PAGE:
14-C-l
14-C-l
14-C-l
14-C-1
14-C-6
14-0-1
14-0-1
14-E-l
14-E-l
14-E-1
14-E-1
14-E-3
14-F-1
14-F-1
14-F-l
14-F-2
14-F-2
14-F-3
14-G-l
14-G-1
14-G-l
14-G-l
14-H -1
14-H -3
14-H -22
14-H -34
14-H -47
14-H-65
A-l
0-1
5

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UNIVAC 490 SPURT
2 1
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2. INTRODUCTION
A. REAL TIME, BATCH PROCESSING, AND CONCURRENT OPERATIONS
1. Real Time
Real time computers were originally developed for military purposes: to aim, track, and guide
ballistic missiles; to receive, store, analyze, and provide useful results from vast radar or other
information gathering net works so as to provide the basis for timely decisions on the part of human
beings - decisions which could, when required, be acted upon almost instantly at locations
thousands of miles removed from their source.
The essential characteristics of real time computers are that they can store enormous masses of
information; that they can access, or reach, and act upon, any item or group of items of the informa-
tion within thousandths of a second; that they can receive and transmit data from and to small or
large numbers of remote points in extremely short periods of time; that they can automatically assign
priorities to many different operations so that action and response take place in proportion to the
urgency of the need.
The expression real time is applied to computers of this kind because thay are capable of keeping
pace in their operations with the occurrence of events which follow one another with great rapidity
and which may even occur sim ultaneously.
The U ni vac Division of the Sperry Rand Corporation has been an outstandingly successful pioneer
in the development of real time computers and realized very early the tremendous potentials of their
application to business situations. The result of this realization and of the ensuing development
work is the UNIVAC 490 Real-Time System which makes it possible for modern management to take
the fullest advantage of modern management techniques. Because it provides proper input/output
devices for every type of business transaction, business events may be entered into the system,
stored, located, related to other events, acted upon at the time of occurrence. Management by excep-
tion is made possible on a truly current basis, in ample time to correct deviations from plan, wheth-
er these involve availability of working capital, sales forecasts, manning and machine scheduling,
inventory levels, receipts and shipments of materials, operating costs, or controls.
The sys tem, because of its unique mass storage and comm unications facilities, constitutes an
excellent instrument for the centralized control of decentralized operations whether these are
situated at a large central site or are dispersed over an area of hundreds or thousands of miles.
Moreover, the system in many instances eliminates the need for original documents and their slow,
expensive and frequently inaccurate conversion to a form suitable for input to a computer system.

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UNIVAC 490 SPURT
UP-3900
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The question is: how can a data processing system be made to provide all of these advantages
in such a way as to approach the maximum utilization of the equipment employed, the highest
return from the money expended for it, and therefore a correspondingly satisfactory increase in the
profitability of the enterprise.
The answer is provided in the UNIVAC 490 Real-Time System in this manner:
2. Real Time and Batch Processing
The requirements for real time action are known frequently to occur in peaks and valleys. In many
businesses these requirements tend to increase from early morning through the middle of the day
and to taper off from then on. In other businesses the occurrence of these demands may be sporadic.
It makes no difference. The UNIVAC 490 Real-Time System is so designed that it will automatically,
as its facilities are freed from the dynamic demands of real time processing, load them up with the
ordinary day to day back log of less urgent work -of the familiar batch processing type - typically,
the sequential processing of sequentially ordered files such as accounts receivable, payable, or
payrolls.
3. Concurrency of Operations
The great point is that the UNIVAC 490 Real-Time System is at no moment necessarily committed
to real time operations or to batch processing operations exclusively. Both may proceed concurrently
and several kinds of each may proceed concurrently under the control of an internally stored execu-
tive program. But the real time operations always have priority and the system will assign its
facilities as these priorities require, relinquishing them to other activities, such as engineering
calculations or normal business processing tasks, as soon as they are no longer needed to keep
pace with real time events.
In this way maximum use may be made of the components of any desired configuration of the UNIVAC
490 Real-Time System; and the ad van tages of its enormous storage capaci ty, speed, flexibility,
and communications capabilities may be obtained at a low cost per unit of work accomplished.
To sum up, it should be said that experience indicates that the UNIVAC 490 Real Time System will
quite probably outperform by a wide margin any other system of its kind in a wide range of applications.
The fact that it can actually do so in any particular situation can be established beyond doubt only
by investigation and analysis. This fact has already been established many times and is being
established with greater and greater frequency as larger numbers of organizations examine the system's
capabilities.

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UNIVAC 490 SPURT
3
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PAGE:
3. GENERAL DESCRIPTION
For years there has been an urgent need for a business data processing system specifically designed
to meet the steadily increasing pressures of costs vs. profits, of competition, of the need for radically
improved communications, for improved service to customers, for more efficient inventory management,
for more effective controls -- for 'improved over all capability to cope with the constantly growing
complexity, diversity, wide spread nature, and sheer size of modern business.
The UNIVAC 490 Real-Time System is the first and only system specifically designed to meet these
needs and which has proved in daily use that it does meet these needs, and more, at an entirely
reasonable cost. It' is by a long way the most versatile and the most comprehensive data processing
system yet produced.
The system provides the most effecti ve in strum ent in existence for the centralized control of
decentralized operations. The same characteristics which account for this, account also for its other
advantages, which are many. These characteristics and advantages, stated very briefly, are:
• The system itself can communicate directly with central site or remote locations - points of sale
or other customer contact, production or transportation facilities, warehouses, domestic or
foreign branches or affiliates.
• The system can store large masses 0 f info nna tion and almost instantly retrieve and deli ver in
useful form any item or group of items - data required for customer service, for the most advan-
tageous stocking and distribution of materials or products, or for use by central or local manage-
ment.
1

3 2
UNIVAC 490 SPURT
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• Under automatic executive program control the system can concurrently execute several programs
- the saving in processing time, and therefore in cost, is very large.
• The system operates in real time - that is, it responds to the' need for action in a period of time
proportional to the urgency of the need - first things are done first.
• The system can be depended upon to provide the information necessary to base this minute's or
this hour's decisions on informa tion up to date as of the minute or the hour - the value of infor-
mation diminishes rapidly with the passage of time - this system, because the data it provides
reflects the present facts, makes it possible to avoid many difficulties and to seize many
opportunities which would otherwise be lost.
A. COMMUNICATION CAPABILITIES
The system is adaptable to any standard common carrier communication code, rate of transmission,
or equipment. It may be connected to a few or hundreds of low cost communication lines.
B. MASS STORAGE FACILITIES
Drum storage capacity ranging from a few million to billions of characters - average access time 17
or 92 thousandths of a second - magnetic tape units compatible with other UNIVAC systems or with
thpse of IBM - read/write speeds up to 125,000 characters per second; number of units, as in the case
of other peripheral devices, expandable according to requirements. The combination of almost unlimite~
low cost comm unications facilities plus almost unlimited random access storage (at the lowest cost
per character stored) provides service and economy never before approached in any system.
C. REAL TIME CENTRAL PROCESSOR DESIGN
Sixty two basic instructions which may be modified to provide unprecedented programming versatility;
magnetic core storage capacity of 16,000 to 32,000 computer words of 30 bits each; 10 millionths of a
seco nd average instruction execution time; the ability to accomodate any standard comm unication code or
speed; the ability to carry out several programs concurrently, to make most effective use of random
access drum storage as well as magnetic tapes; plus the ability under automatic executive program
control to perform all of its functions including control of or response to central or remote input/out-
put devices in 'a time scale proportional to the need for action; and precision electronic clocks for
use in compiling statistics for analysis and improvement of computer utilization, for initiation of
action at specific times during the day, and for checking the proper execution of operations. In addi-
tion to all of this, the Central Processor may be connected to a satellite computer or to another entire
490 system complex.
D. INPUT/OUTPUT EQUIPMENT
In addition to its mass storage drums and tapes, the system may employ a variety of input/output
devices including 600 card per minute reade;:s; :1.50 card per u:.inute p<lncnes; 700 to 922 Er.cs pc: :r:ir.-
ute printers, punched paper tape systems (5 to 8 channel - 400 characters per second reading speed;
110 characters per second punching speed).

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UNIVAC 490 SPURT
3 3
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E. AN ADVANCED, COMPREHENSIVE PROGRAMMING SYSTEM
The UNIVAC 490 Real-Time System is provided with a rapid, efficient assembler, (SPURT), a COBOL
compiler, and an executive routine (REX) which coordinates the operations of all elements of the
system, making it entirely feasible to run several independent programs concurrently* and automati-
cally to assign priority to most urgent requirements, such as those of a communications subsystem, as
they arise. The programming package also includes an unusually efficient SORT /MERGEroutine,
utility, service and program testing routines, and routines for the most effective management of all
peripheral units. Very large savings of time and money are realized by these means.
F. DEPENDABILITY OF OPERATION
This system has established an extraordinary record of operational dependability which results from
the Univac Division's years of experience in the design of solid state computers of many kinds:
military, scientific, and commer cia!. Reliability design goals have been exceeded, in actual perfor-
mance, by well over 100%.
* These programs may be written quite independently - the REX executive routine relieves the programmer of all concern
with accomplishment of concurrent operations.

3
SECTION:
I
pAGE
, 4
UNIVAC STANDARD COMMUNI·
CATIONS SUBSYSTEM
UNIVAC 490 SPURT
COMPUTER
TO
COMPUTER
CONN ECTION
COMPUTER DAY
CONSOL E CLOCK
GENERAL PURPOSE
SUBSYSTEMS
Figure 3-7. UNIVAC 490 Real-Time System - Simplified Block Diagram
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UNIVAC 490 SPURT
3
SECTION:
PAGE:
UNIVAC
STANDARD COMMUNICATION SUBSYSTEM CD
GENERAL PURPOSE SUBSYSTEMS
SIMPLEX OUT
PRIVATE LINE
TELETYP EWR!TER
(60 TO 100 WPM) SIMPLEX IN
PRIVATE LINE
TELETYPEWRITER
(HALF-DUPLEX-
60 TO 100 WPM)
PRiVATE LINE
TELETYPEWRITER
(FULL- DUPLEX-60 TO 100 WPM)
WiDE AREA DATA SERViCE
(WADS) OR TELETYPE-
WRITER EXCHANGE
SERVICE (TWX)
(HALF-DUPLEX-lOO WPM)
DIRECT DISTANCE DIALING
(DDD) OR WIDE AREA
TELEPHONE SERVICE
(WATS)
(HALF- DUPLEX-1200
BITS/SEC) CD
PRiVATE LINE TELEPHONE
(FULL-DUPLEX-2000 M\
BITS/SEC AND UP) 0
1 1 I
~
2 INTER COMPUTER
CHANNELS
I
--
PUNCH CARD
CONTROL
UNiT
MAGNETIC TAPE
CONTROL UNIT
UNISERVO IIA
MAGNETIC TAPE
CONTROL UNIT
UNISERVO lilA
r-
~
I 10...
~
80 COLUMN
PUNCH
80 COLUMN
READER
UNISERVO
IIA
(READ OR WRITE)
UNISERVO
lilA
(READ/READ
OR
READ/WRITE)
COMMUNI CA TION
MUL
TIPLEXER
(UP TO 64
SIMPLEX LINES
AVAILABLE
SINGLE CHANNEL CONTROL UNITS ALSO AVAILABLE
FOR UNISERVO III A TAPE UNITS
!N
MODULAR
UNITS) CD
COMPUTER
CONSOLE
NOTE:
DAY
CLOCK
CD An y one Subsy stem
is capable of handling
different types of
communi cation
facilities at the
same time.
o Where indicated,
associated common
carrier equipment is
required in addition
to the line facilities.
0ThiS chart only shows
a few of the typical
communication subsystems
that can be connected to
th e sy stem, many other
configurations are possible
-
-
-
MAGNETiC TAPE
CONTROL UNIT
UNISERVO IIIC
MAGNETIC DRUM
CONTROL
UNIT
FASTRAND
CONTROL UN IT
HIGH-SPEED
PRINTER
CONTROL UNIT
Figure 3-2. UNIVAC 490 Real-Time System
(Expanded Block Diagram)
-
-
-
UNISERVO IIIC
(IBM COMPATIBLE)
PAPER TAPE
READER
PAPER TAPE
PUNCH
F.H. 880
DRUM
UNIT
(3,932,160 A/N
CHARACTERS PER
DRUM
UNIT)
FASTRAND
DRUM UNIT
64.8 MI LLiON - A/N
CHARACTERS PER
DRUM UNIT
HIGH-SPEED
PRINTER
1 CARD PUNCH
PER
CONTROL UNIT
1 CARD READER
PER
CONTROL UNIT
UP TO 12 IIA
UNITS PER
CONTROL UNIT
UP TO 16 lilA
UNITS PER
CONTROL UNIT
I uP TO i2 iiiC
TAPE UNITS
PER
CONTROL UNIT
1 READER PER
CONTROL UNIT
1 PUNCH PER
CONTROL UNIT
UP TO 8
DRUM UNITS
PER
CONTROL UNIT
UP 108
FAST RAND
DRUM
UNITS
PER
CONTROL UNIT
HIGH-SPEED
PRINTER
PER
CONTROL UNI T
5

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UNIVAC 490 SPURT
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4. COMPONENT DESCRIPTION
A. CENTRAL PROCESSOR
Figure 4- 7. Central Processor
STORAGE CAPACITY
WORD LENGTH
NUMBER
OF I/O CHANNELS
AVERAGE ACCESS TIME
CYCLE TIME
AVERAGE INSTRUCTION
EXECUTION TIME
16, 384 words (30 bits/word)
or
32[ 768 words
30 bits (may be accessed as 15 bit half word)
6 or 14
1.9 microseconds
6 microseconds
10 microseconds
The UNIVAC 490 Real-Time System Central Processor is a binary computer designed for real
time and batch processing, for concurrency of operations, for the employment of advanced
programming concepts such as those incorporated in the SPURT assembler, the REX executive
routine, the various input/output routines; and for the use of extremely extensive and rapid mass
random access storage and communications subsystems as well as magnetic tape auxiliary
storage, punche d card equipment, and a variety of special peripheral devices.
It employs 62 basic instructions which, by automatic manipulation directed by the contents of the
instruction word, can be made to perform practically any desired programming function.
1

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2
UNIVAC 490 SPURT
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A simplified diagram of the principal elements of the Central Processor is shown in Figure 4~2.
For directness of presentation, only those elements referred to in program instructions are shown.
• Control
SUBSYSTEMS
12 CHANNELS
INPUT /OUTPUT
OTHER COMPUTER
2 CHANNELS
Figure 4-2. Central Processor - Simplified Block Diagram
The control portion of the Central Processor coordinates the flow of data between the arithmetic
and storage units. It contains a program address counter which holds the 15 bit address of the
next ins truction to be executed throughout the program and seven 15 bit index registers .
• Storage
Storage consists of 16,384 or 32,768 30 bit words. Areas of storage are automatically allocated
by the executive routine (REX) according to the requirements of operating programs.
• Arithmetic
The arithmetic unit comprises a 30 bit "A" register, a 30 bit "Q" register and a 30 bit adder.
TIlt:: t~ A" CJ.lld "Q" i"~gI5tt:i5 Cire uSed togethel iii wultiplicaticrl arld div'isi~~ ~r:d, 'C y'l,The:1 de8i!"eci,
in 60 bit capacity . .,t\!! arith:r:etic ape~8.tians are perf0!'!!:ed h bi!"!afY fO!'!11. SUb
tr
8CHol1 i~ per-
formed in the end arollnd borrow manner; addition is performed by complementation of the addend
and subtraction from the augend.
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