Tandy color computer 8 basic User manual

Printed mKorea
811019430A

Tandy Color Computer 3
BASIC
Quick
Reference
Guide

Contents
Starr-Up .
Commands
Functions
Operators
Control Keys
Special Characters ..
Video Control Codes
Error Codes
1
2
18
23
24
25
26
27
Tandy Color Computer 3BASIC Quick Reference Guide-
©1986, Tandy Corporation.
All Rights Reserved.
Reproduction or use. without express written permission
from Tandy Corporation and/or its licensor, of any portion of
this manual is prohibited. While reasonable efforts have
been taken in the preparation of this manual to assure its
accuracy, Tandy Corporation assumes no liability resulting
from any errors or omissions in this manual, or from the use
of the information contained herein
Tandy and Radio Shack are registered trademarks of Tandy
Corporation.
Program Pak is atrademark of Tandy Corporation.
10 987654321

Start-Up
HT^m o° me osclav
2hycu are js ~g a:e ;e;.s-cn se'ect cnannel 3c
4and set :ne antenna s;V'tcn :o COMPUTER
3I* you a'e ^smg aP^og^am Pak '^se r: it noiA
ce'ore tur-.Tig on re co^Du^
4Turn on any accessor;, equipment (Dnnter Multi-
Pak interface etc
}
5Turn on the computer
6l
fyou are not using aProgram Pak the BASIC
start-up message apoears on the display, followed
by.
OK
7Some Program Pak documentation may ten you
to type in EXEC &HCOOO. To run these Program
Paks type iry
EXEC &HE010
The comouteris now ready for use.

Commands
Commands
ATTR c1,c2,B,U
Sets display attributes of ahigh-resolution text
screen.
dForeground color
c2 Background color
BCharacter blink on
UUnderline on
ATTR 3,2, U
AUDIO switch
Connects or disconnects cassette output to the
display speaker
ON Switches ON sound from cassette player
to display speaker.
OFF Switches OFF sound from cassette player
to display speaker.
AUDIO OFF
CIRCLE (x,y),r,c,h,s,e
Draws acircle on the current low-resolution
graphics screen.
x.y Center point
rRadius
cColor
hHeight/width ratio
sStarting point
eEnding point
CIRCLE (65 ,43) ,20,1 ,,.5,.8
CLEAR n,h
Erases variables, reserves string workspace, and
reserves high memory for machine language
programs
nString workspace size
hHighest BASIC memory address
CLEAR 200 ,20000
CLOAD "filename"
Loads program filename from cassette. If filename
is not specified. BASIC loads the first program file
found.
filename Name of desired program Name
can have as many as 8characters.
CLOAD "PUPPIES"
CLOADM "filename \o
Loads macnine-language program filename from
cassette !ffilename is not specified. BASIC loads
tne first macmne-ianguage program found.
filename Name ofdesired macnine-language
program Name can have as many
as 8characters.
oMemory address offset. If specified.
BASIC loads the machine-language
program obytes higher in memory
tnan normal.
CLOADM "GRAPHICS", 2730
CLOSE# d
Closes access to specified device or file If dis
not specified. BASIC closes all open devices and
tiles.
dNumber of device or file
CLOSE #-1
CLSc
Clears the text sc reen to aspecified color. When
in nigh-resolution text mode. BASIC also sets the
background color, if cis not specified BASIC
uses the current background color.
cColor code
CLS 2
COLOR cf, c2
Sets foreground and background colors of the
current low-resolution grapnics screen.
dForeground color code (0-8)
c2 BacKground color code (0-8)
COLOR 2,3
CONT
Continues program execution after aprogram halt
from tne 'break; key or aSTOP instruction
CONT
CSAVE "filename'^
Saves program filename on cassette.
filename Name of program to save. Name
can nave as many as 8characters.
ASelects ASCII format
CSAVE "NEWFI LE", A

Commands Commands
CSAVEM "filename",l,h,e
Saves machine-language program filename on
cassette.
filename Name of machine-language
program being saved. Name can
have as many as 8'Characters
/Lowest address of machine-
language program.
hHighest address of machine-
language program.
eExec address of machine-language
program.
CSAVEM "GRAPHICS ",28000, 29000,2803 2
DATA constant, constant,...
Stores numeric and string constants for use with
READ statement,
constant String or numeric constant(s). such
as: 127.2985 or Beagle.
DATA 45, CAT, 98, DOG, 24. 3, 1000
DEF FN name (variables) =formula
Defines anumeric function.
name Name of function. Must be avalid
variable name.
variables List of dummy variables used in
formula,
formula Defines the operation.
DEF FNA(B)=B*(B+(1 /B) )
DEFUSR n=addr
Defines the starting address of amachine-
language subroutine
nNumber of machine-language
routine (0-9)
addr Starting address of machine-
language routine, (0-65535)
DEFUSR0=28032
DEL 11-12
Deletes program lines.
// Lowest line number to delete.
12 Highest line number to delete
11 Deletes 1line.
-12 Deletes from beginning of program up to
and including 12
11- Deletes from and including 11 to the end
of the program.
11-12 Deletes from and including 11 to and
including 12.
DEL 40-75
DIM array{size),array(size),...
Dimensions one or more arrays.
DIM A$(3,10) #R4(22)
DRAW string
Draws aline on the current low-resolution
graphics screen as specified by string. The string
commands are:
AAngle
BM Blank move
CColor
DDown
E45 degree angle
F135 degree angle
G225 degree angle
H315 degree angle
LLeft
MMove draw position
NNo update
RRight
SScale
UUp
XExecute substring
DRAW "BM128,96;U2 5;R25;D2 5; L2 5"
EDIT line number
Edits aprogram line. After fetching specified line
number. EDIT recognizes several commands:
CChanges characters
DDeletes characters
HHacks off rest of line and permits
insertion
IInserts characters
KKills rest of line
LLists line being edited
SSearches for aspecified character
XExtends line
shTfT tReturns to line mode
EDIT 40
END
Marks the end of aBASIC program,
END

Commands Commands
EXEC {address)
Transfers control to amachine-language program
at address. If address is omitted, control is
transferred to address set in the last CLOADM.
EXEC 28032
FOR variable =n1 TO r\2 STEP n3
Defines the beginning of aloop. The end is
specified by NEXT,
variable Loop counter variable
n1 Starting value of counter
n2 Ending value of counter
n3 Increment or decrement value of
counter
FOR Z=35 TO 125 STEP 5
GET {sx,sy)-{ex,ey),array,G
Stores arectangle that is on the low-resolution
graphics screen in an array, for future use by the
PUT command.
sx,sy First corner of rectangle
ex,ey Opposite corner of rectangle
array Two dimensional array
GSelects full graphic detail storage.
Requires use of PSET, PRESET,
AND, OR, or NOT when using PUT
GET (22,34>-<47,38) ,M,G
GOSUB line number
Calls asubroutine beginning at the specified line
number.
GOSUB 330
GOTO line number
Jumps to the specified line number,
GOTO 125
HBUFF buffer,size
Reserves an area in memory for high-resolution
graphics.
buffer Number of buffer selected
size Defines buffer size. BASIC allows a
buffer to have amaximum size of
7931.
HBUFF 1,65
HCIRCLE (x,y),r,c,h,s,e
Draws ;acircle on the high-resolution graphics
screen.
*.y Center point
rRadius
cColor
hHeight/width ratio
sStarting point
eEnding point
HCIRCLE (55,64) ,20,2,3, .4, .7
HCLSc
Clears the high-resolution graphics screen to a
specified color.
cColor
If unspecified, BASIC uses current
background color.
HCLS 2
HCOLOR c1,c2
Sets foreground and background color on the
high-resolution graphics screen.
dForeground color (0-15)
c2 Background color (0-15)
HCOLOR 2,3
HDRAW string
Draws aline on the high-resolution graphics
screen as specified by string. The string
commands are:
AAngle
BM Blank move
CColor
DDown
E45 degree angle
F135 degree angle
G225 degree angle
H315 degree angle
LLeft
MMove draw position
NNo update
RRight
SScale
UUp
XExecute substring
HDRAW "BM128, 96 ;U25;R25;D25;L25"

Commands Commands
HGET {sx,sy)-{ex,ey),buffer
Stores arectangle that is on the high-resolution
graphics screen into abuffer previously set up by
the HBUFF command for future use by the HPUT
command.
sx,sy First corner of rectangle
ex,ey Opposite corner of rectangle
buffer Number of buffer
HGET (21 f32)-(28,37) ,1
HLINE (x1,y1)-(x2,y2),c,a
Draws aline on the high-resolution graphics
screen.
(x1,y1) Starting point of line. If omitted the
line starts at the last ending point, or
the center of the screen.
-{x2.y2) Ending point of HLINE.
cDefines color (Required). PSET
selects current foreground color.
PRESET selects current background
color.
aBox action (Optional). If omitted,
BASIC draws aline. If Bis used,
BASIC draws abox, using the
starting and ending points as
opposite corners of the box. If BF is
used, BASIC draws asolid box.
HLINE (22 f33)-(100 f90) ,3,BF
HPAINT (x,y),c1,c2
Paints an area on the high-resolution graphics
screen.
x,y Starting point
dPaint color
c2 Border color
HPAINT (55,66) ,2,3
HPRINT (x,y),message
Prints message on high-resolution graphics
screen.
x,y Starting character position
message String to print
HPRINT (20,12) /'HELLO!"
HPUT (sx,sy)-(ex,ey),b,a
Copies graphics from abuffer to arectangle on
the high-resolution graphics screen.
sx,sy First corner of rectangle
ex,ey Opposite corner of rectangle
bBuffer number
aAction used. Actions include:
PSET, PRESET AND, OR, NOT
HPUT <22,33)-(28,37) ,1 ,PSET
HRESET (x,y)
Resets apoint on the high-resolution graphics
screen to the background color.
HRESET (22,33)
HSCREEN mode
Selects ahigh-resolution graphics screen mode.
Modes 1-4 also clear the high-resolution graphics
screen.
mode Mode number. Mode numbers are:
—Low resolution
1—320 X192, 4-coior
2-320 X192, 16-color
3—640 X192, 2-color
4—640 X192, 4-color
HSCREEN 4
HSET (x,y,c)
Sets point x,y on the high-resolution graphics
screen to Color c. If you omit c, BASIC uses the
foreground color.
HSET (22,33,2)
HSTAT v1,v2,v3,v4
Returns information regarding the high-resolution
text screen cursor to variables v1,v2,v3, and v4.
v1 Character code
v2 Character attribute
v3 Cursor Xcoordinate
v4 Cursor Ycoordinate
HSTAT C,A,X,Y
IF test THEN mELSE 02
Performs atest. If the results are true, the
computer executes the first instruction (#1). If the
results are false, the computer executes the
second instruction (#2).
IF A<N THEN PRINT "A<N" ELSE PRINT "A> =N"

Commands Commands
INPUT vart,var2,...
Reads data from the keyboard, and saves it in
one or more variables.
INPUT K3
INPUT #-1 vart,var2,...
Reads data from acassette, and saves it in one
or more variables.
INPUT #-1 ,C$
LET
Assigns avalue to avariable (optional).
LET A3 =27
LINE (xhyiy{x2,y2),c,a
Draws aline on the current low-resolution
graphics screen.
(x1,y1) Starting point of line. If omitted the
line starts at the last ending point, or
the center of the screen.
-(x2,y2) Ending point of line,
cDefines color (Required). PSET
selects current foreground color.
PRESET selects current background
color.
aBox action (Optional). If omitted,
BASIC draws aline. If Bis used,
BASIC draws abox using the
starting and ending points as
opposite corners of the box. If BF is
used, BASIC draws asolid box.
LINE (22,33)-(27,39) ,PSET,BF
LINE INPUT
Reads data from the keyboard, and saves it in a
variable. Commas are characters, and not
delimiters.
LINEINPUT A$
LIST 11-12
Lists specified program hne(s) or the entire
program on the screen.
11 Lowest line number to list.
12 Highest line number to list.
11 Lists 1line.
-12 Lists from beginning of program up to
and including 12.
11- Lists from and including 11 to the end of
the program.
11-12 Lists from and including 11 to and
including 12.
LIST 20-45
LLIST 11-12
Lists specified program hne(s) or the entire
program on the printer.
11 Lowest line number to list.
12 Highest line number to list.
11 Lists 1line.
-12 Lists from beginning of program up to
and including 12.
11- Lists from and including 11 to the end of
the program.
11-12 Lists from and including 11 to and
including 12.
LLIST -90
LOCATE x,y
Moves the high-resolution text screen cursor to
position x.y.
LOCATE 20,12
LPOKE location, value
Stores avalue (0-255) in avirtual memory
location (0-524287 decimal or 0-S7FFFF
hexadecimal).
LPOKE 480126,241
MIDS (s,p,f)
Replaces aportion of the contents of string
variable swith another string.
sString being modified
pStarting position in string
/Length of section being modified
MIDS (A$,4 f3)="CAT"
10

Commands Commands
MOTOR
Turns the cassette ON or OFF.
MOTOR ON
NEW
Erases everything in memory.
NEW
NEXT v1,v2,...
Defines the end of aFOR loop.
v1,v2 Optional variable names used for
nested loops, tf used, list in reverse
order of FOR variables. If omitted,
only defines the end of the last loop
declared.
NEXT X,Y,Z
ON BRK GOTO line number
Jumps to line number when the Cbreak ;key is
pressed.
ON BRK GOTO 120
ON ERR GOTO tine number
Jumps to line number when an error occurs.
ON ERR GOTO 120
ON...GOSUB
Multiway call to specified subroutines.
ON AGOSUB 100,23 0,500,1125
ON.. .GOTO
Multiway branch to specified lines.
ON AGOTO 100,230,500,1125
OPEN m,#dev,f
Opens specified file for data transmission.
mTransmission mode
I—Input
O—Output
#dev #-2 —Printer
#-1 —Cassette
#0 —Keyboard or screen
fFilename
OPEN "0"#-1 /'DATA"
PAINT (x,y),c1,c2
Paints an area on the current low-resolution
graphics screen.
x,y Starting point
dPaint color
c2 Border color
PAINT (44,55) ,2,3
PALETTE CMP or RGB
Resets the palette registers to the standard colors
for acomposite monitor or atelevision set
(PALETTE CMP), or for an RGB monitor
(PALETTE RGB).
PALETTE CMP
PALETTE pr, cc
Stores Color Code cc (0-63) into Palette Register
pr (0-15).
PALETTE 1,13
PCLEAR n
Reserves nnumber of 1.5 Kgraphics memory
pages.
PCLEAR 4
PCLSc
Clears current low- resolution graphics screen with
Color c. If you omit c, BASIC uses the
background color.
PCLS
PCOPY sTO d
Copies low-resolution graphics from source page
to destination page.
sSource page number
dDestination page number
PCOPY 1TO 2
PLAY string
Plays music as specified by string. The string
commands are:
A-G Notes
LLength
OOctave
PPause
TTempo
#or+ Sharp
Flat
PLAY "L1 ;A; A#; A-"
12 13