Tektronix WCA280A User manual

User Manual
WCA230A & WCA280A
3 GHz & 8 GHz
Portable Wireless Communication Analyzers
071-1253-07
This document applies to firmware version 3.30
and above.
www.tektronix.com

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Warranty 2
Tektronix warrants that this product will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one (1) year
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IRRESPECTIVE OF WHETHER TEKTRONIX OR THE VENDOR HAS ADVANCE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY
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Service Options
Tektronix provides service to cover repair under warranty as well as other services that are designed to meet your specific
service needs. Advancing technology has brought incredible change to the power of measurement instruments. Manufac-
turing methods and calibration techniques have been revolutionized, making the service challenge tougher than ever. By
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WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual i
Table of Contents
General Safety Summary xv...................................
Preface xvii...................................................
About This Manual xvii...............................................
Related Documents xviii...............................................
Conventions xix....................................................
Notice for Trigger Function xx........................................
Getting Started
Product Overview 1--1.........................................
Features 1--1........................................................
Application 1--2.....................................................
Difference Between WCA230A and WCA280A 1--2........................
Real-Time Analysis 1--3..............................................
Architecture 1--6....................................................
Installation 1--9...............................................
Unpacking to Check Contents 1--9......................................
Applying Power 1--10.................................................
Setting Up the Stand 1--13..............................................
Functional Check 1--14................................................
Powering Off the Analyzer 1--18.........................................
Restart 1--19.........................................................
Backing Up User Files 1--20............................................
About Installation of Other Applications 1--20..............................
Calibration 1--21...............................................
Cal Menu 1--22......................................................
Calibrating Gain 1--23.................................................
Calibrating Center Offset 1--24..........................................
Calibrating DC Offset 1--25.............................................
Adjusting Display Brightness 1--26.......................................
Confirming Performance 1--26..........................................
Operating Basics
Interface Maps 2--1............................................
Controls and Connectors 2--2..........................................
Display Screen 2--8..................................................
Functional Overview 2--13.......................................
Menu Keys 2--13.....................................................
Menu Operations 2--16................................................
Measurement Basics 2--21..............................................
Setting System Parameters 2--23.........................................
Using Windows XP 2--26...............................................

Table of Contents
ii WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual
Tutorial 2--29..................................................
Preparations 2--30....................................................
Displaying Spectrum 2--34.............................................
Using Markers and Peak Search 2--43.....................................
Using Averaging and Comparison Displays 2--49............................
Displaying a Spectrogram 2--52.........................................
Spectrum Analysis 2--55...............................................
Modulation Analysis 2--59..............................................
Turning Off the Power 2--66............................................
Reference
Spectrum Analysis (S/A Mode) 3--1..............................
Measurement Screen Layout 3--2.......................................
Spectrum Analysis 3--4...............................................
Spectrogram Display 3--18.............................................
Real-Time Analysis 3--20..............................................
Zoom Function 3--24..................................................
Modulation Analysis (Demod Mode) 3--27..........................
Measurement Screen Layout 3--29.......................................
Analog Modulation Analysis 3--37.......................................
Digital Modulation Analysis 3--44.......................................
RFID Analysis 3--61..................................................
Time Analysis (Time Mode) 3--83.................................
Measurement Screen Layout 3--83.......................................
Time Variation Measurement 3--84.......................................
CCDF Measurement 3--88..............................................
Pulse Measurements 3--93..............................................
Signal Source Analysis 3--103............................................
Setting Frequency and Span 3--119.................................
Frequency and Span Setting Menu 3--120...................................
Using the Channel Table 3--122..........................................
Using the Marker and Peak Search 3--123..................................
Frequency Setting Range 3--124..........................................
Vector Span 3--126.....................................................
Setting Amplitude 3--127.........................................
Amplitude Menu 3--127.................................................
Over-Voltage Input 3--131...............................................
Amplitude Correction 3--132.............................................
Setting Timing Parameters 3--141..................................
Timing Menu 3--141...................................................
Seamless Acquisition 3--145.............................................
Trigger 3--147...................................................
Trigger Menu (S/N B020000 and above) 3--148..............................
Trigger Menu (S/N below B020000 and J300100 and above) 3--155..............
IF Trigger (S/N below B020000 and J300100 and above) 3--162................
Creating a Trigger Mask (Option 02 Only) 3--165............................
Trigger Point Indicator 3--171............................................
Synchronous Operation with External Instruments 3--172......................

Table of Contents
WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual iii
FFT and RBW 3--173............................................
RBW/FFT Menu 3--174.................................................
FFT Points 3--177.....................................................
FFT Window 3--178....................................................
Trace Comparison Display and Average Function 3--183...............
Trace/Avg Menu 3--184.................................................
Displaying Trace 1 and 2 3--186..........................................
Averaging the Waveform 3--187..........................................
Saving/Loading Waveform Data 3--190....................................
Trace Compression 3--190...............................................
Setting Views 3--193.............................................
View Menu 3--194.....................................................
Basic Procedure 3--195.................................................
Spectrum View Setting 3--196............................................
Spectrogram View Setting 3--197.........................................
Time Domain View Setting 3--199........................................
CCDF View Setting 3--201..............................................
Constellation View Setting 3--202.........................................
EVM View Setting 3--203...............................................
Symbol Table Setting 3--206.............................................
Eye Diagram Setting 3--206.............................................
AM/AM View Setting 3--208.............................................
AM/PM View Setting 3--209.............................................
PDF View Setting 3--210................................................
Noisogram View Setting 3--211...........................................
Display Line 3--213..............................................
Display Line Operation (Other than Real Time S/A) 3--214....................
Multi Display Lines (Real Time S/A Only) 3--217............................
Marker Operation and Peak Search 3--221..........................
Markers Menu 3--222...................................................
Using Markers 3--225..................................................
Peak Search 3--230.....................................................
Using the Online Help 3--233......................................
Displaying the Online Help 3--233........................................
Using a Mouse and Keyboard 3--236......................................
Selecting Input Source 3--237......................................
Input Menu 3--237.....................................................
File Operations 3--239............................................
File Type 3--239.......................................................
Load/Save Menu 3--240.................................................
Saving and Loading Files 3--242..........................................
Entering a File Name 3--248.............................................
Deleting a File 3--250..................................................
Making/Deleting a Directory 3--250.......................................
File Format 3--251...............................................
Data File Format 3--251.................................................
Trace File Format 3--259................................................

Table of Contents
iv WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual
Screen Copy 3--263..............................................
Print Menu 3--263.....................................................
Printing a Screen Copy 3--264............................................
Creating a File 3--265..................................................
Appendices
Appendix A: Specifications A--1..................................
Electrical Characteristics A--2..........................................
Physical Characteristics A--16...........................................
Environmental Characteristics A--16......................................
Appendix B: Menu Tree B--1....................................
Appendix C: Digital Demodulation Symbol Mapping C--1............
Appendix D: Inspection and Cleaning D--1........................
Inspecting the Exterior D--1............................................
Cleaning the Exterior D--2.............................................
Lubrication D--2.....................................................
Cleaning the Interior D--2..............................................
Appendix E: Options and Accessories E--1.........................
Options E--1........................................................
Standard Accessories E--3.............................................
Optional Accessories E--4.............................................
Glossary
Index

Table of Contents
WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual v
List of Figures
Figure 1--1: Concept of the swept spectrum analyzer 1--3............
Figure 1--2: Sweep of resolution filter 1--3.........................
Figure 1--3: Concept of the real-time spectrum analyzer 1--4..........
Figure 1--4: Concurrent acquisition 1--4...........................
Figure 1--5: Frame acquisition 1--5...............................
Figure 1--6: Block diagram 1--6..................................
Figure 1--7: AC Input (rear panel) 1--10............................
Figure 1--8: Principal power switch (rear panel) 1--11................
Figure 1--9: Front panel power switch (ON/STANDBY switch) 1--11....
Figure 1--10: Initial screen 1--12..................................
Figure 1--11: RF INPUT connector 1--12...........................
Figure 1--12: Setting up the stand 1--13............................
Figure 1--13: Spectrum of the calibration signal (50 MHz, about
--20 dBm) 1--14.............................................
Figure 1--14: Setup display 1--15..................................
Figure 1--15: Reference level setting and A/D overflow indicator 1--16...
Figure 1--16: Spectrogram display 1--17............................
Figure 1--17: Calibration menu structure 1--22......................
Figure 1--18: UNCAL display 1--23................................
Figure 1--19: Center offset 1--24...................................
Figure 1--20: DC offset 1--25......................................
Figure 1--21: System menu 1--26..................................
Figure 2--1: Front panel 2--2.....................................
Figure 2--2: Rear panel 2--4.....................................
Figure 2--3: Side panel 2--5......................................
Figure 2--4: Connecting USB devices 2--6..........................
Figure 2--5: Operation with mouse and keyboard 2--7...............
Figure 2--6: Display screen configuration 2--8......................
Figure 2--7: Status display 2--10...................................
Figure 2--8: Pre- and post-trigger regions 2--10......................
Figure 2--9: Key lock display 2--11................................
Figure 2--10: Setup display 2--12..................................
Figure 2--11: Menu keys 2--14....................................
Figure 2--12: Example menu item display 2--16......................

Table of Contents
vi WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual
Figure 2--13: Menu item types 2--17...............................
Figure 2--14: Numeric setting menu 2--17...........................
Figure 2--15: Changing value with the knob 2--18....................
Figure 2--16: Changing value with the keypad 2--19..................
Figure 2--17: Numeric keypad 2--19...............................
Figure 2--18: Step size for the center frequency 2--20.................
Figure 2--19: Changing the step size to the predetermined values 2--20..
Figure 2--20: Selecting the measurement mode 2--21..................
Figure 2--21: Starting/Stopping data acquisition 2--22................
Figure 2--22: Restoring default settings 2--22........................
Figure 2--23: System menu 2--23..................................
Figure 2--24: Displaying versions and options 2--24..................
Figure 2--25: Displaying the Windows XP accessory menu 2--27........
Figure 2--26: Cable connection 2--30...............................
Figure 2--27: Principal power switch (rear panel) 2--31...............
Figure 2--28: Power switch (ON/STANDBY) 2--31...................
Figure 2--29: Initial screen 2--32..................................
Figure 2--30: Frequency, span, and amplitude settings 2--34...........
Figure 2--31: Menu items for numeric value input 2--35...............
Figure 2--32: Numeric value entry keypad 2--36.....................
Figure 2--33: Center frequency of 800 MHz, span of 15 MHz 2--36......
Figure 2--34: Center frequency of 800 MHz, span of 100 kHz 2--38.....
Figure 2--35: Setting amplitude 2--39..............................
Figure 2--36: Menu items for numeric value input 2--40...............
Figure 2--37: Reference level of 10 dBm 2--40.......................
Figure 2--38: Status indicator 2--41................................
Figure 2--39: Measurement with a single marker 2--44................
Figure 2--40: Measurement with the delta marker 2--46...............
Figure 2--41: Searching for the peak 2--48..........................
Figure 2--42: Averaging a waveform 2--50..........................
Figure 2--43: Comparison display with averaged waveform 2--51.......
Figure 2--44: Concurrent display of spectrum and spectrogram 2--52...
Figure 2--45: Tall display of spectrum and spectrogram 2--53..........
Figure 2--46: Spectrogram view 2--54..............................
Figure 2--47: Channel power measurement 2--56.....................
Figure 2--48: Channel power measurement (Channel Bandwidth
=40kHz) 2--57.............................................
Figure 2--49: Carrier frequency measurement 2--58..................
Figure 2--50: MODE keys 2--59...................................

Table of Contents
WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual vii
Figure 2--51: IQ level measurement 2--60...........................
Figure 2--52: Analysis range settings 2--62..........................
Figure 2--53: Frame and block 2--62...............................
Figure 2--54: Changing the acquisition length 2--63..................
Figure 2--55: Single view display 2--64.............................
Figure 2--56: Scale settings 2--65..................................
Figure 3--1: S/A menu structure 3--1..............................
Figure 3--2: S/A measurement screen 3--2..........................
Figure 3--3: “Flex” grid style 3--3................................
Figure 3--4: Channel power measurement band power markers 3--5...
Figure 3--5: Channel power measurement 3--6......................
Figure 3--6: ACPR measurement band power markers 3--7...........
Figure 3--7: Example of ACPR measurement 3--8...................
Figure 3--8: C/N measurement band power markers 3--9.............
Figure 3--9: Example of C/N measurement 3--10.....................
Figure 3--10: OBW measurement band power marker 3--11...........
Figure 3--11: Example of OBW measurement 3--12...................
Figure 3--12: Carrier frequency measurement 3--13..................
Figure 3--13: EBW measurement band power markers 3--14...........
Figure 3--14: EBW measurement 3--15.............................
Figure 3--15: Setting up spurious signal measurement 3--16...........
Figure 3--16: Example of spurious signal measurement 3--17..........
Figure 3--17: Spectrum and spectrogram concurrent display 3--18......
Figure 3--18: View orientation 3--19...............................
Figure 3--19: Single display 3--19..................................
Figure 3--20: Difference between normal and real-time modes 3--20.....
Figure 3--21: Real-time mode 3--23................................
Figure 3--22: Zoom function 3--24.................................
Figure 3--23: Zoom domain settings using the Timing menu 3--25......
Figure 3--24: Zoomed area settings using the marker 3--26............
Figure 3--25: Demod menu structure 3--27..........................
Figure 3--26: Demod mode screen 3--29............................
Figure 3--27: Analysis range setting in the overview 3--30.............
Figure 3--28: MARKERS keys 3--31...............................
Figure 3--29: Specifying the range with the marker and the
reference cursor 3--32........................................
Figure 3--30: Specifying the analysis range using the mouse 3--33.......
Figure 3--31: FFT processing range setting on the overview 3--34.......

Table of Contents
viii WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual
Figure 3--32: Changing the overview and subview 3--35...............
Figure 3--33: One-view display 3--36...............................
Figure 3--34: AM demod measurement 3--39........................
Figure 3--35: FM demod measurement 3--40........................
Figure 3--36: PM demod measurement 3--41........................
Figure 3--37: IQ versus time measurement 3--42.....................
Figure 3--38: Pulse spectrum measurement 3--43.....................
Figure 3--39: Process flow for digitally-modulated signals 3--48........
Figure 3--40: Constellation analysis 3--50...........................
Figure 3--41: EVM measurement 3--51.............................
Figure 3--42: IQ/Frequency versus time measurement 3--52...........
Figure 3--43: Power variance measurement 3--53....................
Figure 3--44: Symbol table analysis 3--54...........................
Figure 3--45: Eye diagram analysis 3--55...........................
Figure 3--46: Setting Linear Signal Region 3--56.....................
Figure 3--47: AM/AM measurement 3--57...........................
Figure 3--48: AM/PM measurement 3--58...........................
Figure 3--49: CCDF measurement 3--59............................
Figure 3--50: PDF measurement 3--60..............................
Figure 3--51: RFID waveform and measurement items 3--62...........
Figure 3--52: Carrier measurement 3--65...........................
Figure 3--53: Spurious measurement 3--66..........................
Figure 3--54: ACPR measurements 3--68...........................
Figure 3--55: Modified Miller code 3--71............................
Figure 3--56: Transmission power on/down measurement
parameters 3--72............................................
Figure 3--57: Power on/down measurements 3--74....................
Figure 3--58: RF envelope measurement (main view) 3--76............
Figure 3--59: RF envelope measurement parameters 3--77.............
Figure 3--60: Constellation, eye diagram, and symbol table
(main view) 3--79............................................
Figure 3--61: Definition of the modulation depth and index 3--81.......
Figure 3--62: Time menu structure 3--83............................
Figure 3--63: IQ versus Time measurement 3--85....................
Figure 3--64: Power variance measurement 3--86....................
Figure 3--65: Frequency measurement 3--87.........................
Figure 3--66: CCDF calculation process 3--88.......................
Figure 3--67: CCDF single view 3--91..............................
Figure 3--68: CCDF multi-view 3--92..............................

Table of Contents
WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual ix
Figure 3--69: Definition of pulse characteristics 3--94.................
Figure 3--70: Definition of pulse-on/off 3--94........................
Figure 3--71: Setting for View Results For... 3--98....................
Figure 3--72: Setting the View Define menu 3--99....................
Figure 3--73: Waveform display in the subview 3--102.................
Figure 3--74: Phase noise measurement parameters 3--106..............
Figure 3--75: Phase noise measurement 3--107........................
Figure 3--76: Spurious measurement 3--110..........................
Figure 3--77: Real-time phase noise measurement parameters 3--112.....
Figure 3--78: Real-time phase noise measurement 3--113...............
Figure 3--79: Settling time displayed in the subview 3--114.............
Figure 3--80: Real-time spurious measurement 3--116.................
Figure 3--81: Frequency versus Time measurement parameters 3--117....
Figure 3--82: Frequency versus Time measurement 3--118..............
Figure 3--83: Setting frequency and span 3--121......................
Figure 3--84: Setting the center frequency using MARKER➡3--123.....
Figure 3--85: Relationship between the frequency and span settings 3--125
Figure 3--86: Vector mode and scalar mode 3--126....................
Figure 3--87: Amplitude menu structure 3--127.......................
Figure 3--88: Setting the amplitude 3--128...........................
Figure 3--89: A/D overflow indicator 3--131..........................
Figure 3--90: The amplitude correction concept 3--132.................
Figure 3--91: Amplitude correction example 3--134....................
Figure 3--92: Amplitude correction data input 3--137..................
Figure 3--93: Amplitude offset 3--139...............................
Figure 3--94: Frequency offset 3--139...............................
Figure 3--95: Amplitude correction setup display 3--140................
Figure 3--96: Timing menu structure 3--141..........................
Figure 3--97: Timing parameters 3--143.............................
Figure 3--98: Timing parameters in the zoom mode 3--144..............
Figure 3--99: Frame cycle 3--145...................................
Figure 3--100: Seamless acquisition 3--145...........................
Figure 3--101: Trigger menu structure 3--148.........................
Figure 3--102: Trigger position 3--150...............................
Figure 3--103: Power trigger detection range 3--151...................
Figure 3--104: Trigger level and slope 3--152.........................
Figure 3--105: Acquiring and displaying data by Trigger and
Repeat modes 3--153..........................................
Figure 3--106: Trigger menu structure 3--155.........................

Table of Contents
xWCA230A & WCA280A User Manual
Figure 3--107: Trigger level and slope 3--158.........................
Figure 3--108: Trigger position 3--159...............................
Figure 3--109: Acquiring and displaying data by Trigger and
Repeat modes 3--160..........................................
Figure 3--110: Trigger level vs. Amplitude (reference level
= +3 dBm) 3--162.............................................
Figure 3--111: Waveforms in time domain and in frequency domain 3--163
Figure 3--112: IF trigger detection range 3--164.......................
Figure 3--113: Trigger mask 3--165.................................
Figure 3--114: Filling operation for creating a mask 3--166.............
Figure 3--115: Example mask 3--167................................
Figure 3--116: Default mask 3--168.................................
Figure 3--117: Changing the position of Point A 3--168.................
Figure 3--118: Changing the position of Point B 3--169.................
Figure 3--119: Adding Point C 3--169...............................
Figure 3--120: Trigger point display 3--171...........................
Figure 3--121: Synchronous operation of two analyzers 3--172..........
Figure 3--122: FFT and RBW process 3--173.........................
Figure 3--123: RBW/FFT menu tree 3--174..........................
Figure 3--124: Process flow when RBW/FFT = FFT 3--175.............
Figure 3--125: FFT overlap 3--176..................................
Figure 3--126: Generating spurious signals by increasing the
number of FFT points 3--177...................................
Figure 3--127: Windowing process of time domain data 3--179..........
Figure 3--128: Comparison display of Trace 1 and 2 3--183.............
Figure 3--129: RBW/FFT menu structure 3--184......................
Figure 3--130: Displaying an averaged waveform 3--188................
Figure 3--131: Compared display 3--189.............................
Figure 3--132: Relationships between frame, bin, and pixel 3--191.......
Figure 3--133: Compression method for displaying the waveform 3--192..
Figure 3--134: View keys 3--194....................................
Figure 3--135: Setting the scale in spectrum view 3--196................
Figure 3--136: Scale and format settings in spectrogram view 3--198.....
Figure 3--137: Setting the scale in time domain view 3--200.............
Figure 3--138: Setting the scale in CCDF view 3--201..................
Figure 3--139: Vector and constellation displays 3--202.................
Figure 3--140: Setting the scale in EVM view 3--203...................
Figure 3--141: EVM, magnitude and phase error displays 3--204........
Figure 3--142: Constellation view and error vectors in 1/4πQPSK 3--205.

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WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual xi
Figure 3--143: Symbol table 3--206.................................
Figure 3--144: Eye diagram view 3--207.............................
Figure 3--145: Vector and dot displays for AM/AM view 3--208.........
Figure 3--146: Vector and dot displays for AM/PM view 3--209..........
Figure 3--147: Setting the scale in PDF view 3--210....................
Figure 3--148: Setting the scale in noisogram view 3--212...............
Figure 3--149: Display line 3--213..................................
Figure 3--150: Lines menu structure (other than Real Time S/A) 3--214...
Figure 3--151: Two horizontal lines 3--215...........................
Figure 3--152: Two horizontal and two vertical lines 3--216.............
Figure 3--153: Multi display lines (Real Time S/A mode) 3--217.........
Figure 3--154: Lines menu structure (Real Time S/A) 3--218............
Figure 3--155: Marker display 3--221...............................
Figure 3--156: Markers menu structure 3--222........................
Figure 3--157: Measurement with a single marker 3--225...............
Figure 3--158: Using the delta marker to take measurements 3--226......
Figure 3--159: Measurement with the reference cursor 3--227...........
Figure 3--160: Changing the Trace 3--228............................
Figure 3--161: Interlocked markers 3--229...........................
Figure 3--162: Functions of the peak search keys 3--230................
Figure 3--163: Setting the minimum frequency jump 3--231............
Figure 3--164: Online help for the front panel key 3--234...............
Figure 3--165: Online user manual 3--235............................
Figure 3--166: Word search using the keyboard 3--236.................
Figure 3--167: Input menu tree 3--237...............................
Figure 3--168: Load/Save menu structure 3--240......................
Figure 3--169: Save to the preset file (lower right of the screen) 3--243....
Figure 3--170: Selecting the folder 3--244............................
Figure 3--171: Save to File menu 3--245.............................
Figure 3--172: Load from the preset file (lower right of the screen) 3--246.
Figure 3--173: Load from File menu 3--247..........................
Figure 3--174: Alphanumeric keypad 3--248..........................
Figure 3--175: Data file structure 3--251.............................
Figure 3--176: Adding dummy frames 3--253.........................
Figure 3--177: Data block 3--255...................................
Figure 3--178: Trace file structure 3--259............................
Figure 3--179: Trace file example 3--259.............................
Figure 3--180: Data block 3--261...................................
Figure 3--181: Print menu structure 3--263...........................

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xii WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual
Figure B--1: Menu keys B--1.....................................
Figure C--1: Symbol mapping: GFSK/BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK, 16QAM,
32QAM, and 64QAM C--1...................................
Figure C--2: Symbol mapping: 256QAM C--2.......................