Texas Instruments Titanium TI-89 Manual

00_FRONT.DOC TI-89/TI-92 Plus: Front Matter (English) Bob Fedorisko Revised: 02/23/01 10:37 AM Printed: 02/23/01 2:10 PM Page i of 16
TI-89
TI-92 Plus
Guidebook
for Advanced Mathematics
Software Version 2.0
© 1999-2002 Texas Instruments

00_FRONT.DOC TI-89/TI-92 Plus: Front Matter (English) Bob Fedorisko Revised: 02/23/01 10:37 AM Printed: 02/23/01 2:10 PM Page ii of 16
Texas Instruments makes no warranty, either expressed or implied,
including but not limited to any implied warranties of
merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, regarding any
programs or book materials and makes such materials available
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In no event shall Texas Instruments be liable to anyone for special,
collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection with
or arising out of the purchase or use of these materials, and the sole
and exclusive liability of Texas Instruments, regardless of the form
of action, shall not exceed the purchase price of this calculator.
Moreover, Texas Instruments shall not be liable for any claim of any
kind whatsoever against the use of these materials by any other
party.
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits
for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules.
These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against
harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment
generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not
installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause
harmful interference with radio communications. However, there is
no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular
installation.
If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or
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equipment off and on, you can try to correct the interference by one
or more of the following measures:
¦ Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
¦ Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
¦ Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from
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¦ Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television technician
for help.
Caution: Any changes or modifications to this equipment not
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operate the equipment.
Important
US FCC Information
Concerning Radio
Frequency
Interference

00_89IFC.DOC TI-89/TI-92 Plus: Inside Front Cover (En
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General
¥O List of Flash applications
2a Toggle between last two chosen
applications or split screens
¥|
, ¥« Lighten or darken contrast
¥¸ Calculate approximate answer
¥C
, ¥D Move cursor to top or bottom
(in editors)
¤C, ¤DScroll tall objects in history
¤A, ¤BHighlight left or right from cursor
2C
, 2D Page up or page down
(in editors)
2A
, 2B Move cursor far left or far right
On-screen Keyboard Map ( ¥^)
Press Nto exit the map.
The keyboard map displays shortcuts that are
not marked on the keyboard. As shown
below, press ¥and then the applicable key.
¥Á ƒ
¥c Access Greek letters
(see next column)
¥d ¦(comment)
¥b Copy graph coordinates to
sysdata
¥e !(factorial)
¥Í Display FORMATS dialog box
¥1 – ¥9Run programs kbdprgm1()
through kbdprgm9()
¥p&(append)
¥^ On-screen keyboard map
¥§@
¥´ Turn off unit so that it returns
to current application the
next time you turn it on
¥µ
(zero) 
¥¶ ‚
¥· Copy graph coordinates to
Home screen history
Alpha Rules
jType one lowercase letter
¤Type one uppercase letter
2™ Lowercase alpha lock
¤j Uppercase alpha lock
jExit alpha lock
3D Graphing
C
, D, A, BAnimate graph
«, |Change animation speed
X, Y, ZView along axis
µReturn to original view
ÍChange graph format style
pExpanded/normal view
Greek Letters
¥c To access the Greek
character set
¥cj+ letter To access lowercase Greek
letters. Example:
¥cj
[W] displays ω
¥c¤+ letter To access uppercase Greek
letters. Example:
¥c¤[W]displays Ω
If you press a key combination that does not
access a Greek letter, you get the normal
letter for that key.
ABCDE
FGH I J
KLMNO
PQRSU
VW
XYZT
ψξ ζτ
αβδ
∆ε
φγ
Γ
λµ
π
Πρσ
Σ
ω
Ω
TI-89 Shortcut Keys

00_92IBC.DOC TI-89/92 Plus: Inside Back Cover (En
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General
¥OList of Flash applications
2a Toggle between last two chosen
applications or split screens
¥D Copy graph coordinates to
sysdata
¥F Display FORMATS dialog box
¥H Copy graph coordinates to
Home screen history
¥N Create new variable
¥O Open existing variable
¥S Save copy as
¥|, ¥«Lighten or darken contrast
¥¸Calculate approximate answer
¥´Turn off unit so that it returns
to current application the next
time you turn it on
¥1– ¥9Run programs kbdprgm1()
through kbdprgm9()
On-screen Keyboard Map ( ¥”)
Press Nto exit the map.
See the table below for shortcuts that are not
marked on the TI-92 Plus keyboard. See the
next column for accent marks and Greek
letters.
2Q ?
2W ! (factorial)
2R @
2T # (indirection)
2H &(append)
2X ¦(comment)
¥Áƒ
¥µ(zero) 
¥¶‚
Editing
¥CMove cursor to top
¥DMove cursor to bottom
2AMove cursor to far left
2BMove cursor to far right
‚C, ‚DScroll tall objects in history
2C, 2DPage up and page down
¥X Cut
¥C Copy
¥V Paste
3D Graphing
C, D, A, BAnimate graph
«, |Change animation speed
X, Y, ZView along axis
µ(zero) Return to original view
FChange graph format style
pExpanded/normal view
Accent Marks
2A + letter à, è, ì, ò, ù, À, È, Ì, Ò, Ù
2C + letter ç, Ç
2E + letterá, é, í, ó, ú, ý, Á, É, Í, Ó, Ú, Ý
2N + letter ã, ñ, õ, Ã, Ñ, Õ
2O + letter â, ê, î, ô, û, Â, Ê, Î, Ô, Û
2U + letter ä, ë, ï, ö, ü, ÿ, Ä, Ë, Ï, Ö, Ü
Greek Letters
2G To access the Greek
character set
2G + letter To access lowercase Greek
letters. Example: 2GW
displays ω
2G ¤+ letter To access uppercase Greek
letters. Example: 2G ¤W
displays Ω
If you press a key combination that does not
access a Greek letter, you get the normal
letter for that key.
ψ
ξζ
τ
α
β
δ
∆
ε
φγ
Γ
λ
µ
π
Π
ρ
σ
Σ
ω
Ω
Q W E R T Y U I O P
A S D F G H J K L
Z X C V B N M
q
ψ
ξζ
τ
α
β
δ
∆
ε
φγ
Γ
λ
µ
π
Π
ρ
σ
Σ
ω
Ω
Q W E R T Y U I O P
A S D F G H J K L
Z X C V B N M
q
TI-92 Plus Shortcut Keys

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00_FRONT.DOC TI-89/TI-92 Plus: Front Matter (English) Bob Fedorisko Revised: 02/23/01 10:37 AM Printed: 02/23/01 2:10 PM Page iii of 16
Flash Applications...................................................................................... x
Keystroke Differences............................................................................. xii
What’s New?............................................................................................. xiv
Getting the TI.89 Ready to Use ................................................................ 2
Getting the TI.92 Plus Ready to Use........................................................ 3
Setting the Contrast and Selecting a Language...................................... 4
Performing Computations......................................................................... 8
Graphing a Function ................................................................................ 11
Turning the TI.89 / TI.92 Plus On and Off ............................................ 14
Setting the Display Contrast................................................................... 15
The TI.89 Keyboard ................................................................................. 16
The TI.92 Plus Keyboard......................................................................... 17
Modifier Keys............................................................................................ 18
Entering Alphabetic Characters............................................................. 21
Home Screen............................................................................................. 23
Entering Numbers .................................................................................... 25
Entering Expressions and Instructions................................................. 26
Formats of Displayed Results................................................................. 29
Editing an Expression in the Entry Line ............................................... 32
Menus......................................................................................................... 34
Using the Custom Menu .......................................................................... 37
Selecting an Application.......................................................................... 38
Setting Modes ........................................................................................... 40
Using the Clean Up Menu to Start a New Problem.............................. 43
Using the Catalog Dialog Box................................................................. 44
Storing and Recalling Variable Values................................................... 47
Reusing a Previous Entry or the Last Answer...................................... 49
Auto-Pasting an Entry or Answer from the History Area................... 52
Status Line Indicators in the Display..................................................... 53
Finding the Software Version and ID Number..................................... 55
Table of Contents
This guidebook describes how to use the TI-89 / TI-92 Plus. The
table of contents can help you locate "getting started"
information as well as detailed information about the
TI-89 / TI-92 Plus features. Appendix A provides one convenient
location to find details about every TI-89 / TI-92 Plus function
and instruction.
Chapter 1:
Getting Started
Chapter 2:
Operating the
Calculator

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Preview of Symbolic Manipulation........................................................ 58
Using Undefined or Defined Variables.................................................. 59
Using Exact, Approximate, and Auto Modes ....................................... 61
Automatic Simplification......................................................................... 64
Delayed Simplification for Certain Built-In Functions........................ 66
Substituting Values and Setting Constraints ........................................ 67
Overview of the Algebra Menu............................................................... 70
Common Algebraic Operations.............................................................. 72
Overview of the Calc Menu..................................................................... 75
Common Calculus Operations................................................................ 76
User-Defined Functions and Symbolic Manipulation ......................... 77
If You Get an Out-of-Memory Error....................................................... 79
Special Constants Used in Symbolic Manipulation ............................. 80
Preview of Constants and Measurement Units.................................... 82
Entering Constants or Units ................................................................... 83
Converting from One Unit to Another................................................... 85
Setting the Default Units for Displayed Results .................................. 87
Creating Your Own User-Defined Units................................................ 88
List of Pre-Defined Constants and Units............................................... 89
Saving the Home Screen Entries as a Text Editor Script ................... 94
Cutting, Copying, and Pasting Information .......................................... 95
Creating and Evaluating User-Defined Functions ............................... 97
Using Folders to Store Independent Sets of Variables ..................... 100
If an Entry or Answer Is “Too Big” ...................................................... 103
Preview of Basic Function Graphing................................................... 106
Overview of Steps in Graphing Functions.......................................... 107
Setting the Graph Mode......................................................................... 108
Defining Functions for Graphing ......................................................... 109
Selecting Functions to Graph ............................................................... 111
Setting the Display Style for a Function.............................................. 112
Defining the Viewing Window .............................................................. 113
Changing the Graph Format ................................................................. 114
Graphing the Selected Functions......................................................... 115
Displaying Coordinates with the Free-Moving Cursor...................... 116
Tracing a Function ................................................................................. 117
Using Zooms to Explore a Graph......................................................... 119
Using Math Tools to Analyze Functions ............................................. 122
Preview of Parametric Graphing.......................................................... 128
Overview of Steps in Graphing Parametric Equations ..................... 129
Differences in Parametric and Function Graphing ........................... 130
Chapter 3:
Symbolic
Manipulation
Chapter 4:
Constants and
Measurement Units
Chapter 5:
Additional Home
Screen Topics
Chapter 6:
Basic Function
Graphing
Chapter 7:
Parametric
Graphing

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Preview of Polar Graphing.................................................................... 134
Overview of Steps in Graphing Polar Equations................................ 135
Differences in Polar and Function Graphing...................................... 136
Preview of Sequence Graphing ............................................................ 140
Overview of Steps in Graphing Sequences......................................... 141
Differences in Sequence and Function Graphing .............................. 142
Setting Axes for Time, Web, or Custom Plots .................................... 146
Using Web Plots...................................................................................... 147
Using Custom Plots................................................................................ 150
Using a Sequence to Generate a Table................................................ 151
Preview of 3D Graphing ........................................................................ 154
Overview of Steps in Graphing 3D Equations.................................... 156
Differences in 3D and Function Graphing.......................................... 157
Moving the Cursor in 3D ....................................................................... 160
Rotating and/or Elevating the Viewing Angle..................................... 162
Animating a 3D Graph Interactively .................................................... 164
Changing the Axes and Style Formats................................................. 165
Contour Plots.......................................................................................... 167
Example: Contours of a Complex Modulus Surface ......................... 170
Implicit Plots........................................................................................... 171
Example: Implicit Plot of a More Complicated Equation................. 173
Preview of Differential Equation Graphing ........................................ 176
Overview of Steps in Graphing Differential Equations..................... 178
Differences in Diff Equations and Function Graphing...................... 179
Setting the Initial Conditions................................................................ 184
Defining a System for Higher-Order Equations ................................. 186
Example of a 2nd-Order Equation ....................................................... 187
Example of a 3rd-Order Equation........................................................ 189
Setting Axes for Time or Custom Plots............................................... 190
Example of Time and Custom Axes .................................................... 191
Example Comparison of RK and Euler ............................................... 193
Example of the deSolve( ) Function.................................................... 196
Troubleshooting with the Fields Graph Format ................................ 197
Chapter 8:
Polar Graphing
Chapter 9:
Sequence Graphing
Chapter 10:
3D Graphing
Chapter 11:
Differential
Equation Graphing

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Preview of Additional Graphing Topics.............................................. 202
Collecting Data Points from a Graph................................................... 203
Graphing a Function Defined on the Home Screen........................... 204
Graphing a Piecewise Defined Function............................................. 206
Graphing a Family of Curves................................................................ 208
Using the Two-Graph Mode.................................................................. 209
Drawing a Function or Inverse on a Graph ........................................ 212
Drawing a Line, Circle, or Text Label on a Graph ............................. 213
Saving and Opening a Picture of a Graph ........................................... 217
Animating a Series of Graph Pictures ................................................. 219
Saving and Opening a Graph Database ............................................... 220
Preview of Tables................................................................................... 222
Overview of Steps in Generating a Table............................................ 223
Setting Up the Table Parameters ......................................................... 224
Displaying an Automatic Table ............................................................ 226
Building a Manual (Ask) Table............................................................. 229
Preview of Split Screens........................................................................ 232
Setting and Exiting the Split Screen Mode ......................................... 233
Selecting the Active Application .......................................................... 235
Preview of the Data/Matrix Editor....................................................... 238
Overview of List, Data, and Matrix Variables..................................... 239
Starting a Data/Matrix Editor Session................................................. 241
Entering and Viewing Cell Values........................................................ 243
Inserting and Deleting a Row, Column, or Cell.................................. 246
Defining a Column Header with an Expression................................. 248
Using Shift and CumSum Functions in a Column Header................ 250
Sorting Columns ..................................................................................... 251
Saving a Copy of a List, Data, or Matrix Variable .............................. 252
Preview of Statistics and Data Plots.................................................... 254
Overview of Steps in Statistical Analysis............................................ 258
Performing a Statistical Calculation.................................................... 259
Statistical Calculation Types ................................................................ 261
Statistical Variables................................................................................ 263
Defining a Statistical Plot...................................................................... 264
Statistical Plot Types ............................................................................. 266
Using the Y= Editor with Stat Plots..................................................... 268
Graphing and Tracing a Defined Stat Plot .......................................... 269
Using Frequencies and Categories ...................................................... 270
If You Have a CBL 2/CBL or CBR......................................................... 272
Chapter 12:
Additional
Graphing Topics
Chapter 13:
Tables
Chapter 14:
Split Screens
Chapter 15:
Data/Matrix Editor
Chapter 16:
Statistics and
Data Plots

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Preview of Programming....................................................................... 276
Running an Existing Program............................................................... 278
Starting a Program Editor Session....................................................... 280
Overview of Entering a Program.......................................................... 282
Overview of Entering a Function......................................................... 285
Calling One Program from Another..................................................... 287
Using Variables in a Program ............................................................... 288
Using Local Variables in Functions or Programs .................................. 290
String Operations ................................................................................... 292
Conditional Tests ................................................................................... 294
Using If, Lbl, and Goto to Control Program Flow.............................. 295
Using Loops to Repeat a Group of Commands.................................. 297
Configuring the TI-89 / TI-92 Plus........................................................ 300
Getting Input from the User and Displaying Output ......................... 301
Creating a Custom Menu....................................................................... 303
Creating a Table or Graph..................................................................... 305
Drawing on the Graph Screen .............................................................. 307
Accessing Another TI.89 / TI.92 Plus, a CBL 2/CBL, or a
CBR..................................................................................................... 309
Debugging Programs and Handling Errors......................................... 310
Example: Using Alternative Approaches ............................................ 311
Assembly-Language Programs ............................................................. 313
Preview of Text Operations.................................................................. 316
Starting a Text Editor Session.............................................................. 317
Entering and Editing Text..................................................................... 319
Entering Special Characters.................................................................. 324
Entering and Executing a Command Script ....................................... 328
Creating a Lab Report............................................................................ 330
Preview of the Numeric Solver ............................................................ 334
Displaying the Solver and Entering an Equation ............................... 335
Defining the Known Variables.............................................................. 337
Solving for the Unknown Variable....................................................... 339
Graphing the Solution............................................................................ 340
Preview of Number Bases..................................................................... 344
Entering and Converting Number Bases............................................. 345
Performing Math Operations with Hex or Bin Numbers .................. 346
Comparing or Manipulating Bits .......................................................... 347
Chapter 17:
Programming
Chapter 18:
Text Editor
Chapter 19:
Numeric Solver
Chapter 20:
Number Bases

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Preview of Memory and Variable Management ................................. 350
Checking and Resetting Memory ......................................................... 353
Displaying the VAR-LINK Screen......................................................... 355
Manipulating Variables and Folders with VAR-LINK ........................ 357
Pasting a Variable Name to an Application ........................................ 359
Archiving and Unarchiving a Variable................................................. 360
If a Garbage Collection Message Is Displayed ................................... 362
Memory Error When Accessing an Archived Variable...................... 364
Linking Two Units.................................................................................. 366
Transmitting Variables, Flash Applications, and Folders................. 367
Transmitting Variables under Program Control................................. 371
Upgrading Product Software (Base Code) ......................................... 373
Collecting and Transmitting ID Lists................................................... 378
Compatibility between a TI.89, TI.92 Plus, and TI.92 ...................... 380
Analyzing the Pole-Corner Problem .................................................... 384
Deriving the Quadratic Formula .......................................................... 386
Exploring a Matrix ................................................................................. 388
Exploring cos(x) = sin(x)...................................................................... 389
Finding Minimum Surface Area of a Parallelepiped.......................... 390
Running a Tutorial Script Using the Text Editor ............................... 392
Decomposing a Rational Function....................................................... 394
Studying Statistics: Filtering Data by Categories .............................. 396
CBL 2/CBL Program for the TI-89 / TI-92 Plus................................... 399
Studying the Flight of a Hit Baseball ................................................... 400
Visualizing Complex Zeros of a Cubic Polynomial............................. 402
Solving a Standard Annuity Problem................................................... 404
Computing the Time-Value-of-Money.................................................. 405
Finding Rational, Real, and Complex Factors.................................... 406
Simulation of Sampling without Replacement................................... 407
Quick-Find Locator ................................................................................ 410
Alphabetical Listing of Operations ...................................................... 414
Chapter 21:
Memory and
Variable
Management
Chapter 22:
Linking and
Upgrading
Chapter 23:
Activities
Appendix A:
Functions and
Instructions