Texas Instruments CBR User manual

GG
ETTINGETTING
SS
TARTED WITHTARTED WITH
CBR™CBR™
INCLUDINGINCLUDING
55
STUDENT ACTIVITIESSTUDENT ACTIVITIES

85-86
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CBR
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Calculator-Based Rangeré(CBRé) calculator-to-CBR cable
clamp 4 AA batteries
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1997 Texas Instruments Incorporated. All rights reserved.
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COPYING PERMITTED PROVIDED TI COPYRIGHT NOTICE IS INCLUDED
© 1997 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCORPORATED GETTING STARTED WITH CBR 1
Table of contents
85-86
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NSTRUMENTS
92
INTRODUCTION
What is CBR? 2
Getting started with CBR — It’s as easy as 1, 2, 3 4
Hints for effective data collection 6
Activities with teacher notes and student activity sheets
³Activity 1 — Match the graph linear 13
³Activity 2 — Toy car linear 17
³Activity 3 — Pendulum sinusoidal 21
³Activity 4 — Bouncing ball parabolic 25
³Activity 5 — Rolling ball parabolic 29
Teacher information 33
Technical information
CBR data is stored in lists 37
RANGER settings 38
Using CBR with CBL or with CBL programs 39
Programming commands 40
Service information
Batteries 42
In case of difficulty 43
TI service and warranty 44
RANGER menu map inside back cover

COPYING PERMITTED PROVIDED TI COPYRIGHT NOTICE IS INCLUDED
2GETTING STARTED WITH CBR © 1997 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCORPORATED
What is CBR?
CBRCBRé (( Calculator-Based RangerCalculator-Based Rangeré ))
sonic motion detector
use with TI-82, TI-83, TI-85/CBL, TI-86, and TI-92
bring real-world data collection and analysis into the classroom
easy-to-use, self-contained
no programming required
Includes the RANGER programIncludes the RANGER program
the versatile RANGER program is one button away
MATCH and BOUNCING BALL programs are built into RANGER
primary sampling parameters are easy to set
What does CBR do?
With CBR and a TI graphing calculator, students can collect, view, and analyze motion data
without tedious measurements and manual plotting.
CBR lets students explore the mathematical and scientific relationships between distance,
velocity, acceleration, and time using data collected from activities they perform. Students
can explore math and science concepts such as:
0motion: distance, velocity, acceleration
0graphing: coordinate axes, slope, intercepts
0functions: linear, quadratic, exponential, sinusoidal
0calculus: derivatives, integrals
0statistics and data analysis: data collection methods, statistical analysis
What’s in this guide?
Getting Started with CBRéis designed to be a guide for teachers who don’t have extensive
calculator or programming experience. It includes quick-start instructions for using CBR, hints
on effective data collection, and five classroom activities to explore basic functions and
properties of motion. The activities (see pages 13–32) include:
0teacher notes for each activity, plus general teacher information
0step-by-step instructions
0a basic data collection activity appropriate for all levels
0explorations that examine the data more closely, including what-if scenarios
0suggestions for advanced topics appropriate for precalculus and calculus students
0a reproducible student activity sheet with open-ended questions appropriate for a wide
range of grade levels

COPYING PERMITTED PROVIDED TI COPYRIGHT NOTICE IS INCLUDED
© 1997 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCORPORATED GETTING STARTED WITH CBR 3
What is CBR?
(cont.)
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CBR includes everything you need to begin classroom activities easily and quickly — just add
TI graphing calculators (and readily available props for some activities).
0sonic motion detector 0calculator-to-CBR cable 0mounting clamp
0RANGER program in the CBR 04 AA batteries 05 fun classroom activities
s
onic sensor to record up
to 200 samples per second
with a range between
0.5 meters and 6 meters
(1.5 feet and 18 feet)
pivoting head to aim
s
ensor accurately
buttons to transfer
RANGER program to
calculators
¤button
to initiate sampling
s
tandard threaded socket
to attach a tripod or the
included mounting clamp
(on back)
battery door
(on bottom)
port to connect to CBL
(if desired)
port to connect to TI graphing
calculators using the included
2.25-meter (7.5-foot) cable
red light to indicate
s
pecial conditions
g
reen light to indicate when
data collection is occurring
(sound also available)

COPYING PERMITTED PROVIDED TI COPYRIGHT NOTICE IS INCLUDED
4GETTING STARTED WITH CBR © 1997 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCORPORATED
Getting started with CBR—It’s as easy as 1, 2, 3
With CBR, you’re just three simple steps from the first data sample!
Connect
Connect CBR to a TI graphing calculator
using the calculator-to-CBR cable.
Push in firmly at both ends to make the
connection.
Note: The short calculator-to-calculator
cable that comes with the calculator also
works.
Transfer
RANGER, a customized program for each calculator, is in the CBR. It’s easy to
transfer the appropriate program from the CBR to a calculator.
First, prepare the calculator to receive the program (see keystrokes below).
TI-82 or TI-83 TI-85/CBL or TI-86 TI-92
Ÿ[LINK] £›Ÿ[LINK] ¡Go to the Home screen.
Next, open the pivoting head on the CBR, and then press the appropriate
program-transfer button on the CBR.
During transfer, the calculator displays RECEIVING (except TI-92). When the
transfer is complete, the green light on CBR flashes once, CBR beeps once,
and the calculator screen displays DONE. If there is a problem, the red light
on CBR flashes twice and CBR beeps twice.
Once you’ve transferred the RANGER program from CBR to a calculator, you
won’t need to transfer it to that calculator again unless you delete it from
the calculator’s memory.
Note: The program and data require approximately 17,500 bytes of memory.
You may need to delete programs and data from the calculator. You can
save the programs and data first by transferring them to a computer using
TI-Graph Linkéor to another calculator using a calculator-to-calculator cable
or the calculator-to-CBR cable (see calculator guidebook).
2
1

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© 1997 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCORPORATED GETTING STARTED WITH CBR 5
Getting started with CBR—It’s as easy as 1, 2, 3
(cont.)
Run
Run the RANGER program (see keystrokes below).
TI-82 or TI-83 TI-85/CBL or TI-86 TI-92
Press ^.
Choose RANGER.
Press ›.
Press ^A.
Choose RANGER.
Press ›.
Press L[VAR-LINK].
Choose RANGER.
Press ¨›.
The opening screen is displayed.
Press ›. The MAIN MENU is displayed.
MAIN MENU
SETUPàSAMPLE
SET DEFAULTS
APPLICATIONS
PLOT MENU
TOOLS
QUIT
&view/change the settings before sampling
&change the settings to the default settings
&DISTANCE MATCH, VELOCITY MATCH, BALL BOUNCE
&plot options
&GET CBR DATA, GET CALC DATA, STATUS, STOPàCLEAR
From the MAIN MENU choose SET DEFAULTS. The SETUP screen is displayed.
Press ›to choose START NOW. Set up the activity, and then press ›to
begin data collection. It’s that easy!
Important information
0This guide applies to all TI graphing calculators that can be used with CBR,
so you may find that some of the menu names do not match exactly those
on your calculator.
0When setting up activities, ensure that the CBR is securely anchored and
that the cord cannot be tripped over.
0Always exit the RANGER program using the QUIT option. The RANGER
program performs a proper shutdown of CBR when you choose QUIT. This
ensures that CBR is properly initialized for the next time you use it.
0Always disconnect CBR from the calculator before storing it.
3
For quick results, try
one of the classroom-
ready activities in this
guide!

COPYING PERMITTED PROVIDED TI COPYRIGHT NOTICE IS INCLUDED
6GETTING STARTED WITH CBR © 1997 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCORPORATED
Hints for effective data collection
Getting better samples
How does CBR work?
Understanding how a sonic motion detector works can help you get better data plots. The
motion detector sends out an ultrasonic pulse and then measures how long it takes for that
pulse to return after bouncing off the closest object.
CBR, like any sonic motion detector, measures the time interval between transmitting the
ultrasonic pulse and the first returned echo, but CBR has a built-in microprocessor that does
much more. When the data is collected, CBR calculates the distance of the object from the
CBR using a speed-of-sound calculation. Then it computes the first and second derivatives of
the distance data with respect to time to obtain velocity and acceleration data. It stores
these measurements in lists L1, L2, L3, and L4.
Performing the same calculations as CBR is an interesting classroom activity.
➊Collect sample data in REALTIME=NO mode. Exit the RANGER program.
➋Use the sample times in L1 in conjunction with the distance data in L2 to calculate the
velocity of the object at each sample time. Then compare the results to the velocity data
in L3.
(L2n+1 + L2n)à2 N(L2n+ L2n-1)à2
L3n=
L1n+1 NL1n
➌Use the velocity data in L3 (or the student-calculated values) in conjunction with the
sample times in L1 to calculate the acceleration of the object at each sample time. Then
compare the results to the acceleration data in L4.
Object size
Using a small object at a far distance from the CBR decreases the chances of an accurate
reading. For example, at 5 meters, you are much more likely to detect a soccer ball than a
ping-pong ball.
Minimum range
When the CBR sends out a pulse, the pulse hits the object, bounces back, and is received by
the CBR. If an object is closer than 0.5 meters (1.5 feet), consecutive pulses may overlap and
be misidentified by CBR. The plot would be inaccurate, so position CBR at least 0.5 meters
away from the object.
Maximum range
As the pulse travels through the air, it loses its strength. After about 12 meters (6 meters on
the trip to the object and 6 meters on the trip back to the CBR), the return echo may be too
weak to be reliably detected by the CBR. This limits the typical reliably effective distance from
the CBR to the object to less than 6 meters (19 feet).

COPYING PERMITTED PROVIDED TI COPYRIGHT NOTICE IS INCLUDED
© 1997 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCORPORATED GETTING STARTED WITH CBR 7
Hints for effective data collection
(cont.)
The clear zone
The path of the CBR beam is not a narrow, pencil-like beam, but fans out in all directions up
to 10° in a cone-shaped beam.
To avoid interference from other objects in the vicinity, try to establish a clear zone in the
path of the CBR beam. This helps ensure that objects other than the target do not get
recorded by CBR. CBR records the closest object in the clear zone.
Reflective surfaces
Some surfaces reflect pulses better than others. For example, you might see better results
with a relatively hard, smooth surfaced ball than with a tennis ball. Conversely, samples
taken in a room filled with hard, reflective surfaces are more likely to show stray data points.
Measurements of irregular surfaces (such as a toy car or a student holding a calculator while
walking) may appear uneven.
A Distance-Time plot of a nonmoving object may have small differences in the calculated
distance values. If any of these values map to a different pixel, the expected flat line may
show occasional blips. The Velocity-Time plot may appear even more jagged, because the
change in distance between any two points over time is, by definition, velocity. You may
wish to apply an appropriate degree of smoothing to the data.

COPYING PERMITTED PROVIDED TI COPYRIGHT NOTICE IS INCLUDED
8GETTING STARTED WITH CBR © 1997 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCORPORATED
Hints for effective data collection
(cont.)
RANGER settings
Sample times
TIME is the total time in seconds to complete all sampling. Enter an integer between 1
second (for fast moving objects) and 99 seconds (for slow moving objects). For
REALTIME=YES, TIME is always 15 seconds.
When TIME is a lower number, the object must be closer to the CBR. For example, when
TIME=1 SECOND, the object can be no more than 1.75 meters (5.5 feet) from the CBR.
Starting and stopping
The SETUP screen in the RANGER program provides several options for starting and stopping
sampling.
0BEGIN ON: [ENTER]. Starts sampling with the calculator’s ›key when the person
initiating the sampling is closest to the calculator.
0BEGIN ON: [TRIGGER]. Starts and stops sampling with the CBR ¤button when the
person initiating the sampling is closest to the CBR.
In this option, you also can choose to detach the CBR. This lets you set up the sample,
disconnect the cord from the CBR, take the CBR where the action is, press ¤,
sample, reattach the CBR, and press ›to transfer the data. Use BEGIN ON: [TRIGGER]
when the cord is not long enough or would interfere with data collection. This is not
available in REALTIME=YES mode (such as the MATCH application).
0BEGIN ON: DELAY. Starts sampling after a 10-second delay from the time you press ›.
It is especially useful when only one person is doing an activity.
Trigger button
The effect of ¤varies depending on the settings.
0¤starts sampling, even if BEGIN ON: [ENTER] or BEGIN ON: DELAY is selected. It also
stops sampling, but usually you will want to let a sample complete.
0In REALTIME=NO, after sampling has stopped, ¤automatically repeats the most
recent sample, but does not transfer the data to the calculator. To transfer this data, from
the MAIN MENU choose TOOLS, and then choose GET CBR DATA. (You also can repeat a
sample by choosing REPEAT SAMPLE from the PLOT MENU or START NOW from the SETUP
screen.)