TLA CTS-5-C User manual

Tuning-Set CTS-5-C
Manual
E
V1.30

-

Tuning-SetCTS-5-C
Good/badindicator
LC-display
Strobo-display
On/offslideswitch
Inbuiltcondenser
microphone
Socketforexternal
microphone
Sensitivityslideswitch
Socketfornetadapter

< >
>1< ACCORDER ->
E
< >
S
A
< >
>2< DIAPASON ->
E
< >
S
A
< >
>3< MES.CENT ->
E
< >
S
S E
+
< >
A
< >
>4< TEMP.HIST->
E
< >
S
S E
+
< >
< >
>5< ECARTEMENT->
E
< >
S
< >
>6< MEMOIRE ->
E
S E
+
E
S
< >
S
E
S A
+
Schéma d'emploi des accordeurs CTS-5-C
E
E
E
< >
>7< PIANYZER ->
E
Touches maintenues enfoncées au moment de la mise en marche: S Choix de la langue: allemand, anglais, francais, italien A Fonctions de réglage:
Éclairage allumé ou éteint Minuterie active - inactive; Programme activé dés la mise en marche;
A+E Etablir le réglage da base
programme de mémorisation de tempérament et d'écartement
créer un accordage de piano individuel
déterminer l'écartement
déterminer le tempérament historiquement
déterminer la déviation en cents
déterminer le diapason
déterminer la note
l’affichage par barre graphique
changer la note automatiquement
changer la diapason automatiquement
rechercher automatiquemen t la déviation en cents
son d'écoute permannente en marche ou á l'arrét
après l'opération établir la référence en cents transposer le tempérament
changer la note
ou

< >
>1< TUNE ->
E
< > S
SELECT NOTE
A
SELECT NOT AUTOMATICALLY
<>
>2< PITCH ->
E
< > S
SELECT PITCH
A
SELECT PITCH AUTOMATICALLY
<>
>3< CENT-MEAS ->
E
< > S SELECT CENT
S E
+
THEN
< >
OR
SELECT NOTE
A
SELECT CENT AUTOMATICALLY
<> >4< TEMP.HIST->
E
< > S
SELECT
HISTORICAL
TEMPERAMENT
S E
+
< >
SELECT CENT REFERENCE
<>
>5< STRETCHING->
E
< > S
SELECT PIANO
STRETCHING
<>
>6< MEMORY ->
E
S E
+
MEMORY MODE
(STORAGE OF A TEMPERAMENT
ORAPIANO
STRETCHING)
E
SELECT
TRANSPOSER
S
< > S
E
S A
+AUDIBLE TONE ON OR OFF
PRESSED KEY DURING SWITCH ON TUNING SET
S SET LANGUAGE:
ENGLISH; GERMAN; FRENCH; ITALY
ASETUP'S:
ILLUMINATION ON/OFF; TIMER ON/OFF; FIRST MODE AFTER TURN ON THE DEVICE;
A+E SET BASIC ADJUSTMENT
Diagram for modes of operation CTS-5-C
E
E
BARGRAPH INDICATION
E
<>
>7< PIANYZER ->
E
MAKE AN INDIVIDUAL PIANO TUNING

>6< MEMORY ->
S A
+
< > S
DIAGRAM FOR MEMORY MODE TUNING SET CTS-5-C
E
INDICATION:
" go ahead by tapping S + A ! "
SELECT STRETCHING OR
TEMP:HIST
E
< > S
SET PITCH a-1
E
< > S
SELECT NOTE
E
< > S
SET CENT VALUE
E
DEVICE WRITES CENT VALUE TO STORE AND
SWITCHES ON SEMITONE STEP HIGHER
S E
+
S E
+
S E
+
S E
+
< >
OR

--------- c - 5
------------ g# - 5
--------- c - 4
--------- c - 3
--------- c - 2
--------- c - 1
--------- c
--------- C
--------- C - 1
--------- E - 2
--------- a - 1 (PITCH)
--------- C
--------- D
--------- A
--------- G
--------- F
--------- E
--------- B
---- C#
---- Bb
---- G#
---- F#
---- D#
CTS-5-C NOTE INDICATION

1
Manual for Tuning Set CTS-5-C
Contents:
1Initial Operations..................................................................................................................2
1.1 Power..............................................................................................................................2
1.2 Switching on the Tuning Set.........................................................................................2
1.3 Selection of language for operator guidance..............................................................3
1.4 Introduction to the diagram for modes of operation...................................................3
1.5 Erasing all inputs...........................................................................................................4
1.6 Timer switch...................................................................................................................4
1.7 Sensivity adjustment of the built in microphone amplifier ........................................4
2Operating Examples ............................................................................................................4
2.1 Tuning, equal temperament, standard pitch 440 Hertz...............................................4
2.1.1 Automatic note adjustment......................................................................................... 5
2.1.2 Audible tone on/off.....................................................................................................5
2.1.3 Bargraph Display........................................................................................................5
2.2 Presetting of the concert pitch .....................................................................................6
2.3 Measuring the concert pitch of an instrument ............................................................6
2.4 Measuring a tone's cent deviation................................................................................7
2.5 Piano tuning ...................................................................................................................7
2.6 Presetting of historical tempereaments.......................................................................8
2.7 Memory ...........................................................................................................................9
2.7.1 Operating scheme for memory mode....................................................................... 11
2.8 Combining individual modes......................................................................................11
3For all those who wish to learn more about Tuning Set …............................................12
3.1 The equal temperament...............................................................................................12
3.2 The "cent" unit .............................................................................................................12
3.3 The target frequency genaration of CTS 5-C.............................................................12
3.4 The "cent"-values of the historical temperaments....................................................13
3.4.1 The "cent"- relation function.....................................................................................13
3.4.2 The transposer......................................................................................................... 13
3.4.3 The adjustment of "cent relation function" and transposer .......................................14
3.5 The "cent"- settings for piano tuning.........................................................................14
3.6 The PIANYZER - how to make an individual piano tuning .......................................15
3.6.1 How to create a stretching by the analysis of a piano (ANALYZER) ........................15
3.6.2 How to produce a piano stretching by entering of support values (Piano Editor) ..... 17
3.6.3 Sample diagram of an piano stretching generated by the PIANYZER .....................17
3.6.4 Control scheme for using the PIANYZER................................................................. 19
3.7 Special settings............................................................................................................20
4Technical data Tuning Set CTS-5-C..................................................................................21

2
1 Initial Operations
Congratulations on the purchase of your Tuning Set CTS-5. It will make the tuning of all kinds of
musical instruments much easier. Part 1 of these operating instructions contains general
information about the Tuning Set. Part 2 gives examples on how to learn the most important
functions, and part 3 is for those of you who want to know all about this Tuning Set.
1.1 Power
The Tuning Set CTS-5-C can be operated with a plug-in transformer, or with
battery power. Four batteries type Mignon 1.5 Volt are needed for approx. 6 hours of operation.
When the batteries are empty, the LC-Display will show "LOW BATT.". For frequent battery
operation a rechargeable set of NiMh cells, type Mignon 1.2 Volt, with a battery charger is
advisable, and should be available at your local radio dealer. With 2500mAh NiMh cells, the
Tuning Set should run approx. 14 hours on one charge.
REMARK: The socket for the plug-in transformer cannot be used as a socket for the battery
charger. The batteries are automatically disconnected when the plug-in transformer is used.
WARNING ! CHECK THE POLARITY WHEN REPLACING BATTERIES.
1.2 Switching on the Tuning Set.
Switch on the Tuning Set with the slide switch on the
right side of the Tuning Set. For approx. one second
you see the program version, and then the following
indication:
Should one of the next two indications appear, please go to the next paragraph.
>1< STIMMEN ->
>1< TUNING -> >1< ACCORDER -> >1< ACCORDARE->

3
1.3 Selection of language for operator guidance
Your Tuning Set can converse with you in English, French, German or Italien. Select the
desired language as follows:
1. Turn off the Tuning Set.
2. While with the left hand depressing and holding the key
"S", switch on the Tuning Set. Continue depressing the
key "S" until you see this indicator.
With the "< >" key you can select your desired language. Confirm it with the "E" key.
From then on the operator guidance language displayed by the Tuning Set is in the language
you have selected. Switching the Tuning Set on or off does not change the language.
1.4 Introduction to the diagram for modes of operation
The Tuning Set is basically operated with the keys "<", ">", and "E". With the basic keys you can
find your way through the included Diagram for Modes of Operation, like on a 'city map'. You are
now, after turning on the Tuning Set, in the upper left hand corner, shown by the big black
arrow.
With the keys "<" and ">" you can move to the left and right, and select one of the following
modes:
>1< TUNING Tuning with the strobe display
>2< PITCH Mode for standard pitch adjustment
>3< CENTMESS Measuring or adjustment of a tone in cent
>4< TEMPERATURE Mode for historical temperaments
>5< STRETCHING Mode for tuning pianos
>6< MEMORY Storage of one piano tuning or one historical temperament
>7< PIANYZER Create an individual piano tuning
With the key "E" you can move downward on the diagram. The selected mode is activated. If
you press the key "E" again, you will enter the next user level or you will move upward, and are
leaving the activated mode.
Selecting the wrong key or mode will not damage the Tuning Set. The stored temperatures and
stretchings are protected and cannot be erased or changed by depression of a wrong key. In
order to become acquainted with the Tuning Set, please play and experiment with the keys to
your heart's content.
To quickly familiarize yourself with the Tuning Set, follow the examples given in part 2 on a
musical instrument, and closely stick to the guidance.
Don't try to memorize the key sequences in the examples. Try to understand the operation of
the Tuning Set by tracing the example steps on the diagram.
Note the arrow in the lower, right hand corner of the LC-Display:
When this arrow appears, the keys ">" and "<"are
used for mode selection. You are then at the highest
operating level of the diagram for operation modes.
The text in the display then shows you what you may do with the keys "<" and ">", after you
have depressed the key "E":
>1< TUNING Select a tone
>2< PITCH Select the standard pitch
>3< CENTMESS Measuring or adjustment of a tone in cent
>4< TEMPERATURE Select a historical temperament
>5< STRETCHING Select a piano stretching
>6< MEMORY Storage of one piano tuning or one historical temperament.
>7< PIANYZER Create an individual piano tuning
<1> TUNE ->
LANGUAGE
English

4
Pressing the key "E" makes the arrow disappear. The Tuning Set is now in the selected mode.
With the keys "<" and ">" you can now carry out your previously selected mode.
By pressing the key "E" again you enter the next user mode.
If the arrow will reappear, you have left the mode. With the keys "<" and ">" you may select a
new mode of operation. The input or adjustment made within a mode will remain intact after you
exit the mode.
A special case ist the mode number 6 (MEMORY). This mode you only can leave by tapping
both keys "S" and "E".
All inputs or adjustments made in the operation modes will not be erased by turning the Tuning
Set on or off. One exception is the standard pitch, which automatically resets to a1 after the
Tuning Set is turned on.
1.5 Erasing all inputs
Should you have stumbled in your first walking trials, and put in a non desired setting, you may
return to the original settings contained in the Tuning Set upon delivery:
Standard pitch: 440 Hz
Temperature: Equal Temperament
Stretching: None
Transpose Function and Cent Relate Function: Off
Operate as follows:
Turn off the Tuning Set. Simultaneously depress keys "A"
and "E" with the left hand until you have switched on the
Tuning Set with your right hand. Continue holding the keys
until the LC-Display indicates:
1.6 Timer switch
A timer was installed in the Tuning Set, to save battery power. If you don't use the set for twenty
minutes, it will automatically turn off. Before shutdown it will set off several short accoustical
signals. This allows you to prevent shutdown by depressing one of the five keys. If the Tuning
Set automatically turned off, you may restart it with the on/off lever on the right side by switching
it off and on. You may turn off the timer completely (see chapter 3.7).
1.7 Sensivity adjustment of the built in microphone amplifier
You may reduce the sensitivity of the built-in microphone amplifier with the slide switch located
on the right side below of the Tuning Set. You may need this especially for the low tones of a
piano. The optimal setting of this switch and the optimal placement of the Tuning Set must be
found during the tuning process.
2 Operating Examples
2.1 Tuning, equal temperament, standard pitch 440 Hertz.
Normally a musical instrument is tuned in standard equal temperament. The standard concert
pitch a', on which the complete level of pitch is based, is often tuned to a frequency of 440
Hertz. This is the mode with the fewest operational steps. Therefore let us take this mode for
our first example.
Switch on the device:
Display:
>1< TUNE ->

5
Tap key "E" briefly:
The device operates now in tune
mode.
Display:
Now strike the tone a' on your instrument. Two green illuminated sets of beads appear on the
stroboscopic display. The beads move to the left if the tone is too low, or to the right if the tone
is too high. As the tone approaches the desired pitch, the movements will slow down. At the
correct pitch the beads will stop moving. You can recognize larger frequency deviations, when
one of two green dots on the left or right of the stroboscopic display is lit. Depending on whether
the desired tone is too high or too low, either the right or the left dot will be lit continuously. If
neither of these dots shines, the tone played is at the desired pitch of less than 4 cent.
For tuning the next higher semi-tone, tap key ">" briefly. This
raises the CTS-5-C by one semi-tone.
Similarly, if you tap key "<", you lower the CTS-5-C by one semi-
tone.
Constantly depressing key "S" and simultaneously tapping key ">"
briefly, will raise the device by one octave.
Constantly depressing key "S" and simultaneously tapping key "<"
briefly, will lower CTS-5 by one octave.
If you depress either key "<" or ">" constantly, the desired function will repeat itself every 0.5
seconds.
2.1.1 Automatic note adjustment
Now depress key "A":
The device now automatically follows the tone level of the
played tone. The automated switching was intentionally
limited to two semi-tone steps, to avoid undesired tuning of
partial tones. For the same reason the automatic mode is
not available for the two lowest octaves.
Again depressing key "A" switches off the AUTOMATIC MODE.
2.1.2 Audible tone on/off
Activate tone: When you keep the ”S“ key pressed and tap “A”, you will hear the tone at the
currently desired frequency.
Release both keys.
Deactivate tone: Keep “S“ key pressed and tap “A” again.
Increase volume: While keeping “S” pressed, press “A” twice again for higher volume.
2.1.3 Bargraph Display
In the tuning mode, you can switch between the bar graph and the concert pitch display with the
“E” key.
Press the “E“ key. When you now strike the tone a1 on your
instrument, the arrow points to the right, if the tone played is too high,
and to the left, if it is too low.
a-1 CENTS: 00.0
<1> PITCH:440.0
a-1 CENTS: 00.0
<1> PITCH:440.0
a-2 CENTS: 00.0
<1> PITCH:440.0
a-1 CENTS: 0.0
<1A> PITCH:440.0
Automatic on
Note to be tuned
Cent- adjustment
Mode Number
Concert pitch
a-1 CENTS: 00.0
|-->
bb CENTS: 00.0
<1> PITCH:440.0
a CENTS: 00.0
<1> PITCH:440.0

6
2.2 Presetting of the concert pitch
The standard pitch of the CTS-5 may be adjusted from 380.0 to 470.0 Hertz.
Display after switching on the CTS-5:
Press key ">" once.
Press key "E"
By tapping key ">" you can raise the pitch by 1/10th Hertz
By tapping key ">" you can lower the pitch by 1/10th Hertz
If you constantly depress key "S" and simultaneously tap key ">",
you will raise the pitch by one Hertz
If you constantly depress key "S" and simultaneously tap key ">",
you will raise the pitch by one Hertz
If you wish to adjust the standard pitch to 443.2, for example, you
tap keys "S" and ">" three times, and the key ">" twice.
To start tuning with the adjusted standard pitch you must now leave
the standard pitch program and activate the tuning program. The
adjusted standard pitch will be taken over into the tuning program.
Press "E"
Press "<" once
Press "E"
Now you may start tuning with the newly adjusted standard pitch
2.3 Measuring the concert pitch of an instrument
Enter, like in the above example, into the pitch mode.
Display for instance:
Tap key "A".
When you now strike the tone a1 on your instrument,
the standard pitch program of the device starts to adjust
to the played tone.
The tone to be measured must be played until the stroboscopic display almost or completely
comes to a stop (tones of short duration must be stricken repeatedly). Now press the key "A"
again, preferably while the tone is still heard. This will turn off the automatic mode.
<1> TUNE ->
a-1 <> PITCH
<2> PITCH:440.1
a-1 <>PITCH
<2> PITCH:440.0
a-1 <> PITCH
<2> PITCH:440.0
<2> PITCH ->
a-1 <> PITCH
<2> PITCH:441.0
a-1 <> PITCH
<2> PITCH:443.2
a-1 <> PITCH
<2> PITCH:440.0
a-1 CENTS: 0.0
<1> PITCH:443.2
<1> TUNE ->
Automatic on
a-1 <>PITCH
<2> PITCH:440.0
a-1 <>PITCH
<2A> PITCH:440.0
<2> PITCH ->

7
If necessary, adjust the CTS-5-C to the correct tone, by tapping the keys "<"
or ">", until the stroboscopic display is standing still, while the tone is being played. Only then
the CTS-5 is adjusted to the correct value.
You may now read the measured standard pitch on the LC-Display.
2.4 Measuring a tone's cent deviation
The unit of measure CENT is used in accoustics for the deviation of a tone from a basic
frequency. A cent is about one hundredths of a semi-tone step. The exact value is described in
Part 3 of these Operating Instructions.
Please use mode number 3 "CENT MEAS" for cent measuring. Its procedure is the same as
that for measuring the standard pitch.
The cent-adjustment of the CTS-5 always relates to the previously adjusted tone and concert
pitch.
Remark to "CENT-MEAS" mode: To adjust the note without leaving this mode, operate like this:
Keep "S" pressed and shortly tap „E“. From now on, you can adjust the note with " < >".
Tap "E". From now on, you adjust the cents again with "< >"
2.5 Piano tuning
First things first: We cannot overemphasize the fact that piano tuning requires experience. If it
is done without the necessary knowledge and skills, the piano may be irreparably damaged. In
one tuning, a piano should never be raised or lowered by more than 30 cent.
When tuning pianos and grand pianos, the stretching of tune has to be considered for various
reasons, i.e. that in deviation from the standard tune, high tones have to be tuned higher, and
bass tones lower. We will discuss this further in Part 3 of the Operating Instructions. The Tuning
Set CTS-5-C may be adjusted so that, based on stretching diagrams, which are incorporated in
the CTS-5-C program, these deviations or stretchings are automatically considered.
Several stretchings are available in the Tuning Set. Four are permanently programmed. The
stretching number 5 and number 6 you can enter yourself, using program 6 (MEMORY) and
program 7 (PIANYZER) You may find the diagrams of the four permanently programmed
stretchings in Part 3 of the operating instructions.
The choice of the optimal stretching depends on various parameters of the instrument to be
tuned. Another important consideration is the preference of the musician.
The four built-in stretchings are the result of trials, during which various pianos were tuned by
ear, and subsequently measured. The stretching most suitable for your requirement must be
tried by you first, considering that the weak and middle stretching is more suitable for pianos
with large measure (concert grand piano). We recommend that in your first attempts you try the
Stretching Number 3 (MODERATE). For this, the Tuning Set is used as follows:
Turn on the device
Tap ">" 4 times
Tap "E"
NO STRETCHING
<5> Number 00
<5> STRETCHING ->
<1> TUNE ->

8
Using keys "< >" you may select one of the following stretchings.
Number 1 (VERY SLIGHT) Bass and Descant stretched slightly.
Number 2 (SLIGHT) Bass and Descant stetched.
Number 3 (STR.MODERATE) Bass and Descant stretched heavily.
Number 4 (STR.PRONOUNCED) Bass weak, center portion stretched heavily.
Number 5 (MEMORY) Self stored stretching
In this example we will obtain Stretching Number 3
(STR.MODERATE): Press ">" 3 times
Press "E"
Press "<" 4 times
Press "E"
Now you may start tuning. Start with tone a' and tune all three
strings. Continue with b', h', c'', etc. At one of the higher tones
you may see the following display (for example):
The Tuning Set is now considering preselected stretching. Any deviation from standard tune is
indicated in CENTS on the lower display line.
After you have finished tuning the descant, start tuning downward beginning with g#'. The
deeper tones will automatically be tuned lower according to the preselected stretching. The
deviation again shows on the lower line of the display.
In this particular mode, the cent-adjustment follows a function, which is dependent on the
octave range. It is therefore very important to ascertain the correct octave range on the Tuning
Set. Errors can be avoided by progressing in semi-tone steps.
2.6 Presetting of historical tempereaments
Friends of historical instruments can use TUNING SET CTS-5-C for 27 different historical
temperaments. The last one may be programmed by yourself (see memory mode).
In the following example the instrument is tuned to "WERCKMEISTER III":
Switch on the device:
Press ">" 3 times
Press "E"
Using keys "<" or ">" you may now select a historical
temperament. To select "Werckmeister-III" press "<" until you
receive the following indicator:
press "E"
STR.MODERATE
<5> NUMBER 03
<5> STRETCHING ->
b-2 CENTS: 0.1
<1> PITCH:440.0
a-1 CENTS: 00.0
<1> K-TON:440.0
STR:MODERATE
<1> TUNE ->
blinking
EQUAL_TEMPERMNT
>4< NUMMER 00
>4< TE
M
P.HIST.->
>1< TUNE ->
WERKMEISTER_III
>4< NUMMER 00
>4< TEMP.HIST.->

9
Press "<" 3 - times
Press "E"
Now you may start tuning. The cent-deviation of the historical
temperament to the equal temperament is shown on the "cent"
field.
Cent deviations of the various historical temperaments see chapter 3.4
2.7 Memory
To refresh your already considerable knowledge of the CTS-5-C
Stretchings are functions, which encompass the entire tone range of an instrument. For each
tone (spanning its entire range) in the Tuning Set there is a cent value. One stretching therefore
contains storage space for a total of 8*12=96 CENT values. You may input one such stretching
into the Tuning Set. On the other hand, a temperament relates only to the 12 semi-tones of an
octave, and therefore only contains 12 cent values. These cent values are then repeated for
each octave, considering that the cent deviation for the tone "a", as program-necessitated, is
always zero (See Function of cent Relationship and Transposition in Part 3.4 of the operating
instructions). You may input one such temperament into the CTS-5-C.
You can combine the stored stretching with temperaments, or built-in functions, as you please.
If you select a temperament and a stretching at the same time, the Tuning-Set will add the
temperament cents to those of the stretching. Your data will be stored permanently, even if you
remove the batteries.
To quickly familiarize yourself with the memory functions, follow the examples on a musical
instrument. Use the included "Diagram for Memory Mode" to find your way through the menus.
Switch on the Tuning Set and select mode Number 6 "MEMORY ->". After tapping key "E" a
rotating message will appear:
Go ahead by tapping S + A !
You can still leave the memory mode without changing the memory, by tapping key "<" or ">".
You can leave the memory mode at any time, by pressing keys "S" and "E" simultaneously. This
is herein after referred to as ("S+E").
Go ahead by pressing key "S" and "A" simultaneously:
With "< >" keys now you determine what kind of memory you
intend to use, a stretching or a temperament.
Now press "E" to if you intend to store a stretching. The device
enters in pitch mode and will automatically switch to the note "a-
1".
If you intend to store a already existing stretching of a music instrument, you now have to align
the Tuning Set to the concert pitch of your instrument (as already described in chapter 2.3). This
should be done very carefully, because the cents of the stretching will relate on this concert
pitch.
Press "E", the device switches to tune mode, and the note adjustment goes to its deepest note.
b-1 CENTS: +07.5
<1> K-TON: 440.0
a-1 CENTS: 0.0
<1> PITCH :440.0
WERCKMEISTER-III
<1> TUNE ->
blinking
SELECT <>
STRETCHING
a_1 <> PICH
<6> PICH: 440.0

10
Now, select with "<>" keys the deepest note to be stored, for
example A_2.
Press "E", the device switches to "cent measurement mode".
Indication for example:
Now, play A-2 on your instrument an make a cent
measurement (like chapter 2.4)
If you are ready, press "E" to store the cent value. This is
confirmed by a short beep.
After this, the note adjustment will switch to the next higher
note. Join now to measure the cent value of the next note.
Repeat the last two steps, until you have stored all notes of your instrument.
When you are finished, it makes sense to confirm the stored stretching. With "S+A" you go back
to "tune mode". With "< >" you can confirm all the cents you have stored. After pressing "E" you
may correct a single cent value.
If you are ready you may leave the "memory mode" by tapping "S+E" twice ore simply turn of
the device.
Now, the stored stretching is active in the
Tuning Set. By selecting "tune mode" you will
see this indication:
If you intend to return to a firmly stored stretching, you may select it according to the chapter 2.5
or 2.6.
The storage of a temperament is similar as to store a stretching. To summarize:
After entering "memory mode", you have to choose the
option "TEMP.HIST" instead of "STRETCHING".
Press the "E" and operate the concert pitch alignment carefully. If you want only enter a
theoretical temperament, you may skip this point.
Enter "tune mode" by pressing „E“ („<> NOTE“)
When entering this mode, the device automatically switches to the note bb-1. The entry of the
note "a" is locked and the corresponding cents are set to zero automatically. This is technically
necessary (see chapter 3.4). If you still try to select "a" the note will be skipped and "a =
reference" is indicated.
To store the cents of a temperament, operate in the same way as to store a stretching.
A_2 CENTS: 0.0
<6> <> NOTE
A_2 CENTS: -18.3
<6> <> CENT
! DATA STORED !
B_2 CENTS: 0.0
<6> <> CENT
AUSWAHL <>
TEMP.HIST.
MEMORY STRETCHING
<1> TUNE
blinking
A_2 CENTS: -18.3
<6> <> CENT

11
2.7.1 Operating scheme for memory mode
2.8 Combining individual modes
All modes can be combined. For instance, you can enter any standard pitch in mode 2
("PITCH") and subsequently test a chosen tone in relation to this in mode 3 ("CENT-MEAS").
The functions Stretching, Temperament and Interval may be combined, even those that you
have stored yourself.
You can use every function with every standard pitch.
>6< MEMORY ->
S A
+
< > S
E
INDICATION:
" go ahead by tapping S + A ! "
SELECT STRETCHING OR
TEMP:HIST
E
< > S
SET PITCH a-1
E
< > S
SELECT NOTE
E
< > S
SET CENT VALUE
E
DEVICE WRITES CENT VALUE TO STORE AND
SWITCHES ON SEMITONE STEP HIGHER
S E
+
S E
+
S E
+
S E
+
< >
OR

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3 For all those who wish to learn more about Tuning Set …
3.1 The equal temperament
The Equal Temperament is the most frequently used temperament, it is the basic tuning of
CTS-5. The following example shows its mathematical theory.
Given that standard pitch a' is 440.0 Hertz, then oscillations of the chromatic semi-tone steps
are calculated as follows:
bb' = 440,00 Hz * 12 2 466,16 Hz 12 2 = 1,0594631
b' = 466,16 Hz * 12 2 493,88 Hz etc.
When the standard pitch a' is 442.00 Hertz:
bb' = 442,00 Hz * 12 2 = 468,28 Hz
b' = 468,28 Hz * 12 2 = 496,13 Hz etc.
3.2 The "cent" unit
Cent is a value for proportions of frequencies. A semi- tone is geometrically divided into 100
parts ( = 100 cent). The following example will show how the cent-value is defined
mathematically. The frequency of oscillations is given with 440.0 Hertz and is to be increased by
1 cent:
440.00 Hz * 1200 2 = 440.26 Hz
The frequency of oscillation is given with 440.00 Hertz is to be increased by 5 cent.
440.00 Hz * (1200/5) 2 = 441.27 Hz
The frequency of 440.00 Hertz is to be increased by 100 cent (= 1 semi-tone).
440.00 Hz * (1200/100) 2 = 440.00 Hz * 12 2 = 466.16 Hz
The frequency of 466.16 Hertz is to be lowered by 100 cent (= 1 semi-tone).
466.16 Hz : (1200/100) 2 = 466.16 Hz : 12 2 = 440.00 Hz
3.3 The target frequency genaration of CTS 5-C
Tuning Set CTS-5 contains a microprocessor which generates the nominal frequency (f)
according to the following equation.
n c
o + ---- + -----
k 12 1200
f = --- * 2
4
c: "cent" - presetting (+-99.5)
n: number of tone (a=0, bb=1, ... g#=11)
k: standard pitch presetting (380.0 ... 470.0 Hz)
o: octave (1=A2/110Hz, 2=A1/220Hz, ... 6=a4/3520Hz)

13
3.4 The "cent"-values of the historical temperaments
See table at the end of this manual.
3.4.1 The "cent"- relation function
All temperament tables in the Tuning Set (including the self stored one) are calculated so that
the cent deviation of the tone "a" is zero. We may say that "a" is the "cent relation tone".
Sometimes other cent relation tones will be required. If you use a cent relation tone other than
"a" on the Tuning Set, every cent deviation value in the current temperament table will be
increased or decreased by the same value, so that the cent relation tone will have the cent
deviation value zero.
Example:
The current temperament is "Kirnberger III", the selected cent relation tone is "a" (i.e. cent
relation function is not active):
a bb b c c# d d# e f f# g g#
0 +6.5 -1.5 +10.5 +0.5 +3.5 +4.5 -3.5 +8.5 +0.5 +7.0 +2.5
By using cent relation tone = "c" all cent values will be lowered by 10.5 cent.
abb bcc# d d# e f f# gg#
-10.5 -4.0 -12.0 0 -10.0 -7.0 -6.0 -14.0 -2.0 -10.0 -3.5 -8.0
3.4.2 The transposer
With the transposer you may transpose the selected temperament into any key. For example, if
you need to transpose from key "a" to key "c", all cent deviation values of the temperament
table have to be rotated three semi-tones to the right.
Example: transposition "a" to "c" (cent relation tone = "a"),
temperament "Kirnberger III"
Cent deviation table of "Kirnberger III"
a bb b c c# d d# e f f# g g#
0 +6.5 -1.5 +10.5 +0.5 +3.5 +4.5 -3.5 +8.5 +0.5 +7.0 +2.5
first, the table will be rotated by 3 semi-tone steps to the right
a bb b c c# d d# e f f# g g#
0.5 +7.0 +2.5 0 +6.5 -1.5 +10.5 +0.5 +3.5 +4.5 -3.5 +8.5
The cent relation function then sets the cent relation tone (in this example tone "a") to 0,
lowering every cent value by 0.5 cent.
a bb b c c# d d# e f f# g g#
0 +6.5 +2.0 -0.5 +6.0 -2.0 +10.0 0 +3.0 +4.0 -4.0 +8.0
The instruction of how to use the transposer is found in chapter 3.4.3.