Toshiba T1960CT User manual

T1960CS/T1960CT
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1.1 Features
The Toshiba T1960CS and T1960CT are two of the lightest and most advanced portable
computers available. Utilizing advanced technology and high-speed components, the
T1960CS/T1960CT offer excellent display legibility, battery operation and IBM PC/AT
compatibility. The T1960 Series of computers consist of the following features:
❑Microprocessor
The SL Enhanced Intel 486DX2-50 microprocessor operates at 50 MHz, 3.3 Volts.
❑Math co-processor
A math co-processor is stored in the i486DX2 microprocessor.
❑Cache memory
8 KB of cache memory is stored in the i486DX2 microprocessor.
❑Disk storage
The internal 200 Megabyte (MB) Hard Disk Drive (HDD) has an average access time
of 13 milliseconds, while the 320 MB HDD has an average of 12 milliseconds. The
3.5-inch Floppy Disk Drive (FDD) supports 2HD floppy disks (1.44 MB) and 2DD
floppy disks (720 Kbytes).
❑Memory
The T1960CS/T1960CT comes standard with 4 MB of CMOS Random Access
Memory (RAM) 3.3 Volts. This includes 640 KB of conventional memory and 3,456
KB of extended memory which can be utilized as expanded memory compatible with
the Lotus/Intel/Microsoft Expanded Memory Specifications (LIM-EMS).
❑STN color LCD (T1960CS)
The high-resolution, Supertwist Nematic (STN) color Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
displays 640x480 pixels with 226,981 colors for both graphics and characters. The
T1960CS internal display controller supports Video Graphics Array (VGA) functions
on the internal display devices.
❑TFT color LCD (T1960CT)
The high-resolution, Thin Film Transistor (TFT) color LCD displays 640x480 pixels
with 262,144 colors for both graphics and characters. The T1960CT internal display
controller supports VGA functions for internal display and Super VGA (SVGA) for
external display.

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T1960CS/T1960CT
❑Keyboard
The easy-to-use 82/84-key enhanced keyboard with full-size keys and standard spac-
ing is compatible with IBM standard software.
❑Batteries
The T1960CS/T1960CT has three different batteries: a main battery, a backup battery,
and a Real Time Clock (RTC) battery.
❑Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA) card slot
The PCMCIA slot enables you to install a MiNC Toshiba card modem or other
industry-standard PCMCIA release 2.0 card.
❑Parallel port
The Centronics-compatible parallel interface port serves two purposes: the port can
be used to connect a Centronics-compatible printer or an external 5 1/4" floppy disk
drive.
❑RS-232-C port
The RS-232-C port is a 9-pin serial interface port.
❑Mouse port
The 6-pin mouse port on the back supports an IBM PS/2 mouse.
❑Keyboard port
The 6-pin keyboard port on the back supports an IBM PS/2 keyboard.
❑Microsoft BallPoint Mouse V2.0 with Quick Port (BPQP) connection
The BPQP2 port is located on the right side of the computer.
❑RGB port
The 15-pin RGB port on the back supports an external video display.
❑Memory card slot
The memory card slot enables you to install an optional Toshiba memory card.

T1960CS/T1960CT
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The T1960CS/T1960CT Personal Computer is shown in Figure 1-1, and its system
configuration is illustrated in Figure 1-2.
Figure 1-1 T1960CS/T1960CT Personal Computer
Figure 1-2 T1960CS/T1960CT System Unit Configuration

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T1960CS/T1960CT
1.2 System Unit Block Diagram
Figure 1-3 is a block diagram of the T1960CS/T1960CT system unit.
Figure 1-3 T1960CS/T1960CT System Board Block Diagram

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The T1960CS/T1960CT system board is composed of the following major components:
❑An i486DX2-50 CPU
❑Super Integration (SI) T9901, which stores the following components:
•Two Direct Memory Access Controllers (DMAC): 82C37
•Two Programmable Interrupt Controllers (PIC): 82C59
•One Programmable Interval Timer (PIT): 82C54
•One Floppy Disk Controller (FDC): TC8565
•One Serial Input/Output Controller (SIO): TC8570
•One Variable Frequency Oscillator (VFO): TC8568
•One I/O Controller
•One Printer Port Controller
•One Speaker Controller
❑A Real Time Clock (RTC)
AT9934 chip with 128 bytes of memory is used. Fourteen bytes are used for the
calendar and clock, while the remaining 114 bytes are used for the system configura-
tion data.
OSC (X3) generates 32.768 KHz for RTC.
❑A Keyboard Controller (KBC)
An M37452M4 chip is used.
The KBC, which includes the keyboard scan controller and keyboard interface control-
ler, controls the internal keyboard, external keyboard port, PS/2 mouse port, and Ball
Point Quick Port.
❑Memory
Standard RAM: 4 MB
Cache memory: 8 KB (inside CPU)
BIOS ROM: 128 KB (96 KB are used)
The ROM contains the Initial Reliability Test (IRT), Basic
Input/Output System (BIOS), and video BIOS.
Video RAM: 256 KB
Optional memory cards expand memory to a maximum of 20 MB.
❑VGA display controller
T1960CS (GOGH): This controller controls the internal and external VGA compat-
ible display.
T1960CT (WD90C24): This controller controls the internal VGA display and external
SVGA compatible display.

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T1960CS/T1960CT
❑The Clock Generator receives 14.31818 MHz (X2) and generates the following
frequencies:
•25 MHz for the CPU (CPU operates at 50MHz.)
•14.7456 MHz for the COM
•24 MHz for the FDC and VFO
•16 MHz is used for GA
•14.31818 MHz is used for T9901 (SI)
❑Gate Array
System Controller Gate Array
This gate array has the following functions:
•CPU Controller
•Memory Controller
-DRAM Controller
-Compatible Bus Interface Controller
•SMI Controller
•VL Bus Controller
•Bus Controller
-Compatible Bus Interface Controller
-Compatible Access Controller
-DMAC Controller
-I/O Controller
•Address Latch Controller
-32-Bit to 16-Bit Controller
-Address Latch
-DMA Address Generator
-Refresh Address Generator
•I/O Register
-Compatible I/O Port
-Saving the data of the Register (in Resume Mode) Controller
-Toshiba Special Register
•50 MHz/25 MHz Controller
•Data Bus Change Controller
•Data Latch
PCMCIA Controller Gate Array
This gate array has the following functions:
•Memory Card Controller
-PCMCIA IC Card Controller
-Toshiba Modem Card Controller

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1.3 3.5-inch Floppy Disk Drive
The T1960CS/T1960CT 3.5-inch Floppy Disk Drive (FDD) is a thin, high-performance
reliable drive that supports 720-KB (formatted) 2DD and 1.44-MB (formatted) 2HD 3.5-inch
floppy disks.
The FDD is shown in Figure 1-4, and its specifications are listed in Table 1-1.
Figure 1-4 3.5-inch FDD
Table 1-1 3.5-inch FDD Specifications
Item 2 MB mode 1 MB mode
Storage capacity (KB)
Unformatted 2,000 1,000
Formatted 1,311 737
Number of heads 2 2
Number of cylinders 80 80
Access time (ms)
Track to track 3 3
Average 181 181
Head settling time 15 15
Recording track density (tpi) 135 135
Data transfer rate (Kbps) 500 250
Rotation speed (rpm) 300 300
Recording method Modified Frequency Modulation (MFM)

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T1960CS/T1960CT
1.4 2.5-inch Hard Disk Drive
The Hard Disk Drive (HDD) is a random access nonvolatile storage device. It has a non-
removable 2.5-inch magnetic disk and mini-winchester type magnetic heads.
The T1960CS/T1960CT supports a 200 and a 320 MB HDD.
The HDD is shown in Figure 1-5, and its specifications are listed in Table 1-2.
Figure 1-5 2.5-inch HDD
Table 1-2 2.5-inch HDD Specifications
200MB 320MB
(MK1624FCV) (MK2326FC)
Storage capacity (MB)
Formatted 213.0 340.0
Number of disks 2 3
Data heads 4 6
Data surfaces 4 6
Tracks per surface 1,560 1,830
Sectors per track – –
Bytes per sector 512 512
Access time (ms)
Track to track 3 3
Average 13 12
Maximum 25 25
Rotation speed (rpm) 4,000 4,200
Data transfer rate (bps)
To/from media 18.9 to 18.7 to
31.6 M 29.6 M
Interleave 1:1 1:1
Recording method 1-7 RLL 1-7 RLL
Item

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1.5 Keyboard
The 82-(USA) or 84-(European) keyboard is mounted on the T1960CS/T1960CT’s system
unit. The keyboard is connected to the keyboard controller on the system board through a
19-pin flat cable. The keyboard is shown in Figure 1-6.
See Appendix F for optional keyboard configurations.
Figure 1-6 Keyboard

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T1960CS/T1960CT
1.6 STN Color LCD (T1960CS)
The STN Color Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) contains an LCD module, a Fluorescent Lamp
(FL), and an FL inverter board.
1.6.1 STN Color LCD Module
The T1960CS STN color LCD is backlit and supports 640x480 pixels with a Video control-
ler. The controller includes the functions of Video Graphics Array (VGA).
The LCD receives vertical and horizontal synchronizing signals, 16-bit data signal, 8-bit upper
block data signal, 8-bit lower block data signal, and shift clock for data transmission. All
signals are CMOS-level compatible.
The STN LCD is shown in Figure 1-7, and its specifications are listed in Table 1-3.
Figure 1-7 STN Color LCD
Table 1-3 STN Color LCD Specifications
Item Specifications
Number of Dots (dots) 640 x 480
Dot pitch (mm) 0.3 (W) x 0.3 (H)
Display area (mm) 195 (W) x 147 (H)
Contrast 18:1 (Typically)
FL current (mA) 5.0 x 2
FL frequency (KHz) 47

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1.6.2 STN Color Fluorescent Lamp (FL) Inverter Board
The FL inverter board supplies high frequency current to light the LCD’s Fluorescent Lamp.
Specifications for the FL inverter are listed in Table 1-4.
Table 1-4 STN Color FL Inverter Board Specifications
Item Specifications
Input Voltage (VDC) 5
Power (W) 6
Output Voltage (VAC) 1,000
Current (mA) 5.0 x 2
Frequency (KHz) 42

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T1960CS/T1960CT
1.7 TFT Color LCD (T1960CT)
The TFT Color Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) contains an LCD module, a Fluorescent Lamp
(FL), and an FL inverter board.
1.7.1 TFT Color LCD Module
The T1960CT TFT color LCD supports 640x480 pixels with an internal display controller and
512 colors for graphics and characters. The controller includes the functions of Video Graph-
ics Array (VGA) and Super VGA (SVGA) for external display.
The LCD receives 9-bit data signals, data enable signals, and shift clock for data transmission.
All signals are CMOS-level compatible.
The TFT LCD is shown in Figure 1-8, and its specifications are listed in Table 1-5.
Figure 1-8 TFT Color LCD
Table 1-5 TFT Color LCD Specifications
Item Specifications
Number of dots (dots) 640 x 480
Dot pitch (mm) 0.27 (W) x 0.27 (H)
Display area (mm) 171 (W) x 130 (H)
Contrast 60:1 (minimum)
FL current (mA) 5.0
FL frequency (KHz) 47

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1.7.2 TFT Color Fluorescent Lamp (FL) Inverter Board
The FL inverter board supplies high frequency current to light the LCD’s Fluorescent Lamp.
Specifications for the FL inverter are listed in Table 1-6.
Table 1-6 FL Inverter Board Specifications
Item Specifications
Input Voltage (VDC) 5
Power (W) 3
Output Voltage (VAC) 1,100
Current (mA) 5.0
Frequency (KHz) 47

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T1960CS/T1960CT
1.8 Power Supply
The power supply supplies five kinds of voltages to the T1960CS/T1960CT system board.
The T1960CS/T1960CT power supply board has one microprocessor and operates at 500
KHz. The board performs the following functions:
1. Determines if the AC adapter or battery is connected to the computer.
2. Detects DC output and circuit malfunctions.
3. Controls the LED indicator and speaker.
4. Turns the battery charging system on and off and detects a fully charged battery.
5. Determines if the power can be turned on and off.
6. Provides more accurate detection of a low battery.
7. Calculates the remaining battery capacity.
The power supply output rating is specified in Table 1-7.
Table 1-7 Power Supply Output Rating
DC Regulation Maximum
Use for Name Voltage Tolerance Current Ripple
(V) (%) (mA) (mV)
System logic, FDD, HDD, VCC +5 ±5 3,500 100
Display
RS-232-C Flash ROM 12V +12 ±5 120 240
RAM, CPU B3V +3.3 ±5 755 66
RS-232-C N9V –7 to –12.6 – 10 –

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1.9 Batteries
The T1960CS/T1960CT has three types of batteries:
❑Main battery pack
❑Backup battery
❑Real Time Clock (RTC) battery
Specifications for these batteries are listed in Table 1-8.
Table 1-8 Battery Specifications
Battery Material Output Voltage Capacity
Main battery Nickel Metal Hydride 12 V 2,400 mAH
Backup battery Nickel Metal Hydride 1.2 V 1,100 mAH
RTC battery Lithium-Vanadium 3.0 V 50 mAH
1.9.1 Main Battery
The removable main battery pack is the computer’s main power source when the AC adapter
is not attached. The main battery recharges the backup battery when the system’s power is
on. The backup and main battery maintain the state of the computer when you enable
AutoResume.
❏Battery Indicator
The Battery indicator is located on the top cover of the T1960CS/T1960CT. The indicator
shows the status of the removable battery pack, power supply and AC adapter. The status of
each can be determined by color:
Orange The battery is being charged. (AC adapter is attached.)
Green The battery is fully charged. (AC adapter is attached.)
No light The AC adapter is disconnected from the computer, or the AC
adapter is connected, but it cannot charge the battery for one of the
following reasons:
❍The battery is extremely hot. Allow the computer and the battery
to reach room temperature before attempting to charge the battery.
❍The battery is almost fully discharged. The battery will not begin
charging immediately in this state, it will begin charging a few
minutes after the AC adapter is connected.
❍The AC adapter is not receiving power.

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T1960CS/T1960CT
1.9.2 Battery Charging Control
Battery charging is controlled by a microprocessor that is mounted on the power supply. The
microprocessor controls whether the charge is on or off and detects a full charge when the AC
adapter and battery are attached to the computer. The system charges the battery using quick
charge or trickle charge.
❏Quick Battery Charge
When the AC adapter is attached, there are two types of charge: quick charge when the
system is powered off and trickle charge when the system is powered on.
Table 1-9 Time Required for Charges of the Main Battery
Charge Charging Time
Quick charge (power off) About 1.4 hours
Trickle charge (power on) About 48 hours
If one of the following occurs, the battery quick-charge process stops.
1. The battery becomes fully charged
2. The AC adapter or battery is removed.
3. The battery or AC adapter output voltage is abnormal.
4. The charge current is abnormal.
❏Trickle Battery Charge
When the main battery is fully charged and the AC adapter is attached, the power supply
microprocessor automatically changes quick charge to trickle charge.

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1.9.3 Backup Battery
The backup battery maintains data for AutoResume. The power source used to back up the
AutoResume data is determined according to the following priority:
AC adapter > Main battery > Backup battery
The backup battery is charged by the main battery or AC adapter when the system is powered
on. Table 1-10 shows the charging time and data preservation period of the backup battery.
Table 1-10 Backup Battery Charging/Data Preservation Time
Backup Battery Time
Charging Time Power On 16 H
Power Off (with AC Adapter) 60 H
Power Off (Without AC Adapter) Doesn’t charge
Data preservation period (full charge) 8 H
1.9.4 RTC Battery
The RTC battery provides power to keep the current date, time and other setup information in
memory while the computer is turned off. Table 1-11 shows the charging time and data
preservation period of the RTC battery.
Table 1-11 RTC Battery Charging/Data Preservation Time
RTC Battery Time
Charging Time Power On 48 H
Power Off Doesn’t charge
Data preservation period (full charge) 1 month

T1960CS/T1960CT
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2.1 Troubleshooting
Chapter 2 describes how to determine if a Field Replaceable Unit (FRU) in the T1960CS/
T1960CT is causing the computer to malfunction. The FRUs covered are:
1. System Board(s)
2. Floppy Disk Drive
3. Hard Disk Drive
4. Keyboard
5. Display
Diagnostic disk operations are described in Chapter 3, and detailed replacement procedures
are given in Chapter 4.
The following tools are necessary for implementing the troubleshooting procedures:
1. A T1960CS/T1960CT Diagnostics Disk
2. A Phillips-head screwdriver (2 mm)
3. A Toshiba MS-DOS system disk(s)
4. A 2DD or 2HD formatted work disk for testing the floppy disk drive
5. A cleaning kit for troubleshooting the floppy disk drive
6. A printer port LED
7. An RS-232-C wraparound connector
8. A printer wraparound connector
9. A multimeter
10. An external 5.25-inch floppy disk drive
11. An external CRT

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T1960CS/T1960CT
2.2 Troubleshooting Flowchart
Use the flowchart in Figure 2-1 as a guide for determining which troubleshooting procedures
to execute. Before going through the flowchart steps, verify the following:
❑Ask the user if a password is registered. If one is, ask him or her to enter the pass-
word. If the user has forgotten the password, connect the printer port wraparound
board (F31PRT), then turn the POWER switch on. The computer will override the
password function by erasing the current password.
❑Verify with the customer that Toshiba MS-DOS is installed on the hard disk. Non-
Toshiba operating systems can cause the computer to malfunction.
❑Make sure all optional equipment is disconnected from the computer.
❑Make sure the floppy disk drive is empty.

T1960CS/T1960CT
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Figure 2-1 Troubleshooting Flowchart (1/2)