Verterx Standard VX-160V User manual

1
Introduction
This manual provides technical information necessary for servicing the VX-160V and VX-180V FM Trans-
ceiver.
Servicing this equipment requires expertise in handling surface-mount chip components. Attempts by non-
qualified persons to service this equipment may result in permanent damage not covered by the warranty,
and may be illegal in some countries.
Two PCB layout diagrams are provided for each double-sided circuit board in the transceiver. Each side of
is referred to by the type of the majority of components installed on that side (“leaded” or “chip-only”). In
most cases one side has only chip components, and the other has either a mixture of both chip and leaded
components (trimmers, coils, electrolytic capacitors, ICs, etc.), or leaded components only.
While we believe the technical information in this manual to be correct, VERTEX STANDARD assumes no
liability for damage that may occur as a result of typographical or other errors that may be present. Your
cooperation in pointing out any inconsistencies in the technical information would be appreciated.
©2005 VERTEX STANDARD CO., LTD. EC013N90B
Service Manual
VX-160V/-180V
VHF FM Transceiver
Operating Manual Reprint............................ 2
Cloning .............................................................. 6
Specifications ................................................... 7
Exploded View & Miscellaneous Parts ...... 8
Contents
Block Diagram ................................................. 9
Circuit Description ................................11
Alignment .................................................13
Board Unit (
Schematics, Layouts & Parts
)
MAIN Unit................................................................ 17
VX-160V VX-180V
VERTEX STANDARD CO., LTD.
4-8-8 Nakameguro, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo 153-8644, Japan
VERTEX STANDARD
US Headquarters
10900 Walker Street, Cypress, CA 90630, U.S.A.
YAESU EUROPE B.V.
P.O. Box 75525, 1118 ZN Schiphol, The Netherlands
YAESU UK LTD.
Unit 12, Sun Valley Business Park, Winnall Close
Winchester, Hampshire, SO23 0LB, U.K.
VERTEX STANDARD HK LTD.
Unit 5, 20/F., Seaview Centre, 139-141 Hoi Bun Road,
Kwun Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong

2
Operating Manual Reprint
Controls & ConnectorsControls & Connectors
Controls & ConnectorsControls & Connectors
Controls & Connectors Before You BeginBefore You Begin
Before You BeginBefore You Begin
Before You Begin
Battery Pack Installation and Removal
UTo install the battery, hold the transceiver with your
left hand, so your palm is over the speaker and your
thumb is on the top of the belt clip. Insert the battery
pack into the battery compartment on the back of the
radio while tilting the Belt Clip outward, then close
the Battery Pack Latch until it locks in place with a
“Click.”
Display Icons & Indicators (VX-180 Only)Display Icons & Indicators (VX-180 Only)
Display Icons & Indicators (VX-180 Only)Display Icons & Indicators (VX-180 Only)
Display Icons & Indicators (VX-180 Only)
UTo remove the battery, turn the radio off and remove
any protective cases. Open the Battery Pack latch on
the bottom of the radio, then slide the battery down-
ward and out from the radio while holding the Belt
Clip.
Caution!
Do not attempt to open any of the rechargeable Ni-
Cd packs, as they could explode if accidentally short-
circuited.
Low Battery Indication
UAs the battery discharges during use, the voltage gradu-
ally becomes lower. When the battery voltage becomes
to low, substitute a freshly charged battery and recharge
the depleted pack. The TX/BUSY indicator on the top
of the radio will blink red (on the VX-180, the “ ”
icon will appear on the LCD) when the battery voltage
is low.
UAvoid recharging Ni-Cd batteries often with little use
between charges, as this can degrade the charge capac-
ity. We recommend that you carry an extra, fully-
charged pack with you so the operational battery may
be used until depletion (this “deep cycling” technique
promotes better long-term battery capacity).
Microphone
Speaker
MIC/SP Jack
(
External Mic/Earphone
)
VOL/PWR Knob
CH (Channel)Selector
Monitor Button
Push To Talk
(PTT)Switch
Antenna
LED Indicator
Glows Green Monitor on
Blinking Green Busy Channel (or SQL off)
Glows Red Transmitting
Blinking Red Battery Voltage is low
Blinking Yellow Receiving a Selective Call
LCD (VX-180)
Soft KEY (VX-180)
Battery Pack Latch
8 Character Alpha-numeric
Invertible Display
This icon is the “Low Battery” in-
dicator, which appears when the
battery voltage becomes too low
for proper operation.
This indicator confirms that
DUAL 2-TONE DECODE is active.
This indicator confirms that
DUAL WATCH is active.
This indicator confirms that
this channel will be skipped
during scan.

3
Operating Manual Reprint
Preliminary Steps
UInstall a charged battery pack onto the transceiver, as
described previously.
UScrew the supplied antenna onto the Antenna jack.
Never attempt to operate this transceiver without an
antenna connected.
UIf you have a Speaker/Microphone, we recommend that
it not be connected until you are familiar with the ba-
sic operation of the VX-160/-180.
Operation Quick Start
UTurn the top panel’s VOL/
PWR knob clockwise to turn
on the radio on.
UTurn the top panel’s CH selec-
tor knob to choose the desired
operating channel.
URotate the VOL/PWR knob to
set the volume level. If no sig-
nal is present, press and hold
in the MONITOR key (the
lower button on the left side)
for more than 1 seconds; back-
ground noise will now be heard, and you may use this
to set the VOL/PWR knob for the desired audio level.
UPress and hold in the MONI-
TOR key for more than 1 sec-
onds (or press the MONITOR
key twice) to quiet the noise
and resume normal (quiet)
monitoring.
UTo transmit, press and hold in
the PTT switch. Speak into the
microphone area of the front
panel grille (lower left-hand
corner) in a normal voice level.
To return to the Receive mode,
release the PTT switch.
UIf a Speaker/Microphone is available, remove the plas-
tic cap and its two mounting screws from the right side
of the transceiver, then insert the plug from the Speaker/
Microphone into the MIC/SP jack; secure the plug us-
ing the screws supplied with the Speaker/Microphone.
Hold the speaker grille up next to your ear while re-
ceiving. To transmit, press the PTT switch on the
Speaker/Microphone, just as you would on the main
transceiver’s body.
Note:Save the original plastic cap and its mounting
screws. They should be re-installed when not us-
ing the Speaker/Microphone.
OperationOperation
OperationOperation
Operation
Key FunctionsKey Functions
Key FunctionsKey Functions
Key Functions
The VX-180 provides programmable [A], [B], and [C]
function keys, and both the VX-160 and VX-180 provide
programmable MONITOR keys. These “Soft” keys func-
tions can be customized (set to other functions), via pro-
gramming by your VERTEX STANDARD dealer, to meet
your communications/network requirements. Some fea-
tures may require the purchase and installation of optional
internal accessories. The possible Soft key programming
features are illustrated at the right, and their functions are
explained in the next chapter. For further details, contact
your VERTEX STANDARD dealer.
For future reference, check the box next to each function
that has been assigned to the Soft key on your particular
radio, and keep it handy.
Function Soft Key
[A] [B] [C]MONITOR key
None
Monitor
Low Power
Lock*
Lamp*
Channel Up*
Channel Down*
Scan
Follow-me Scan
Dual Watch
Talk Around
Add/Del*
Call/Reset
Speed Dial
TX Save Off

4
Operating Manual Reprint
Description of Operating FunctionsDescription of Operating Functions
Description of Operating FunctionsDescription of Operating Functions
Description of Operating Functions
Monitor
Press the assigned Soft key momentarily to override (dis-
able) the Tone squelch.
Background noise or incoming signals will now be heard
whether or not a matching tone is present on the signal).
Press and hold in the assigned Soft key for more than 1
seconds to override both the Noise and Tone squelch. Again
press and hold in the assigned Soft key for more than 1
seconds (or press the assigned Soft key twice) to resume
normal (quiet) Noise and Tone squelch action.
Low Power
Press the assigned Soft key to set the radio's transmitter
to the “Low Power” mode, thus extending battery life.
Press the assigned Soft key again to return to “High
Power” operation when in difficult terrain.
Lock
Press the assigned Soft key to lock the Soft keys (except
Lock and Monitor key); thus, the [A], [B], [C], and MONI-
TOR keys can be disabled to prevent radio settings from
being disturbed.
Lamp
Press the assigned Soft key to illuminate the LCD for
five seconds.
Channel Up
Press the assigned Soft key to switch to a higher operat-
ing channel number.
Channel Down
Press the assigned Soft key to switch to a lower operating
channel number.
Scan
The Scanning feature is used to monitor multiple chan-
nels programmed into the transceiver. While scanning, the
radio will check each channel for the presence of a signal,
and will stop on a channel if a signal is present.
UTo activate scanning:
Press the assigned Soft key.
The scanner will search the channels, looking for ac-
tive ones; it will pause each time it finds a channel on
which someone is speaking.
UTo stop scanning:
Press the assigned Soft key.
Operation will revert to the channel to which the CH
knob is set.
Follow-Me Scan
“Follow-Me” Scan feature checks a User-assigned Prior-
ity Channel regularly as you scan the other channels. Thus,
if only Channels 1, 3, and 5 (of the 8 available channels)
are designated for “Scanning,” the user may nonetheless
assign Channel as the “User-assigned” Priority Channel
via the “Follow-Me” feature.
Press the assigned Soft key to activate “Follow-Me” scan-
ning, then turn the CH selector knob to the channel which
you want to designate as the “User-Assigned Priority Chan-
nel”. When the scanner stops on an “active” channel, the
User-assigned Priority Channel will automatically be
checked every few seconds.
Dual Watch
The Dual Watch feature is similar to the Scan feature, ex-
cept that only two channels are monitored: the current
operating channel, and the “Priority” channel.
UTo activate Dual Watch:
Press the assigned Soft key.
The scanner will search the two channels; it will pause
each time it finds a channel on which someone is speak-
ing.
UTo stop Dual Watch:
Press the assigned Soft key.
Operation will revert to the channel to which the CH
knob is set.
Talk Around
Press the assigned Soft to activate the Talk Around fea-
ture when you are operating on duplex channel systems
(separate receive and transmit frequencies, utilizing a “re-
peater” station). The Talk Around feature allows you to
bypass the repeater station and talk directly to a station
that is nearby. This feature has no effect when you are
operating on “Simplex” channels, where the receive and
transmit frequencies are already the same.
Note that your dealer may have made provision for “Talk
Around” channels by programming “repeater” and “Talk
Around” frequencies on two adjacent channels. If so, the
key may be used for one of the other Pre-Programmed
Functions.
Add/Del
The Add/Del feature allows the user to arrange a custom
Scan.
Press the assigned Soft key to delete/restore the current
channel to/from your scanning list.
When you delete a current channel, “SKIP” will appear
on the LCD after pressing the Soft key. When you re-
store a current channel, “SKIP” indicator on the LCD will
turn off.

5
Operating Manual Reprint
Description of Operating FunctionsDescription of Operating Functions
Description of Operating FunctionsDescription of Operating Functions
Description of Operating Functions
Call/Reset
When the 2-tone selective calling unit is installed, press
the assigned Soft key to silence the receiver and reset for
another call, when a communication is finished.
Speed Dial
Your Dealer may have pre-programmed Auto-Dial tele-
phone number memories into your radio.
To dial a number, just press the Dealer-assigned Soft key
for Speed Dialing. The DTMF tones sent during the dial-
ing sequence will be heard in the speaker.
Accessories & OptionsAccessories & Options
Accessories & OptionsAccessories & Options
Accessories & Options
FNB-64 7.2 V 700 mAh Ni-Cd Battery
FNB-V57 7.2 V 1100 mAh Ni-Cd Battery
FBA-25A Alkaline Battery Case
NC-77B 120 VAC Overnight Desktop Charger
NC-77C 230-240 VAC Overnight Desktop Charger
VAC-800 Desktop Rapid Charger
VAC-6800 6-unit Multi Charger
MH-45B4B Speaker/Microphone
MH-37A4B Earpiece Microphone
VC-25 VOX Headset
VCM-1 Mobile Mounting Bracket (for VAC-800)
LCC-160/S Leather Case (for VX-160)
LCC-180/S Leather Case (for VX-180)
CT-42 PC Programming Cable
CT-27 Radio to Radio Programming Cable
CE44 Programming Software
TX Save Off
Press the assigned Soft key to disable the Transmit Bat-
tery Saver, if you are operating in a location where high
power is almost always needed.
The Transmit Battery Saver helps extend battery life by
reducing transmit power when a very strong signal from
an apparently nearby station is being received. Under some
circumstances, though, your hand-held radio may not be
heard well at the other end of the communication path,
and high power may be necessary at all times.

6
Cloning
The VX-160/-180 includes a convenient Cloning feature, which allows the programming data from one transceiver to
be transferred to another VX-160/-180. Here is the procedure for Cloning one radio's data to another.
Optional Cloning Cable CT-27
1. Turn both transceivers off.
2. Remove the plastic cap and its two mounting screws
from the MIC/SP jack on the right side of the trans-
ceiver. Do this for both transceivers.
3. Connect the optional CT-27 cloning cable between the
MIC/SP jacks of the two transceivers.
4. Press and hold in the PTT and MONITOR switches
(just below the PTT switch) while turning the trans-
ceiver on. Do this for both transceivers (the order of
the switch-on does not matter). “CLONECLONE
CLONECLONE
CLONE” will appear
on the displays (for the VX-180) of both transceivers
when Clone mode is successfully activated in this step;
in the case of the VX-160, no change will be observed
at this point.
5. On the Destination transceiver, press the MONITOR
switch. “LOADINGLOADING
LOADINGLOADING
LOADING” will appear on the LCD (for VX-
180; for VX-160, the TX/BUSY indicator on the top
of the radio will glow Green).
6. Press the PTT switch on the source transceiver; “SEND-SEND-
SEND-SEND-
SEND-
INGING
INGING
ING” will appear on the Source transceiver (for VX-
180; for VX-160, the TX/BUSY indicator on the top
of the radio will glow Red), and the data will be trans-
ferred.
7. If there is a problem during the cloning process, “ER-ER-
ER-ER-
ER-
RORROR
RORROR
ROR” will appear on the LCD (for VX-180; for VX-
160, the TX/BUSY indicator on the top of the radio
will blink Red); check your cable connections and bat-
tery voltage, and try again.
8. If the data transfer is successful, the display will return
to “CLONECLONE
CLONECLONE
CLONE” (for VX-180; for VX-160, the TX/BUSY
indicator on the top of the radio will turn off). Turn
both transceivers off and disconnect the CT-27 cable.
You can then turn the transceivers back on, and begin
normal operation.
9. Replace the plastic cap and its two mounting screws.

7
Specifications
GENERAL Specifications
Frequency Range (MHz): 134 - 160 (TYP A)
146 - 174 (TYP C)
142 - 176 (TYP CS1)
Number of Channels: 16 channels
Channel Spacing: 12.5 / 25 kHz (15 / 30 kHz)
PLL Steps 2.5 / 6.25 kHz
Power Supply voltage: 7.5 VDC ± 20%
Operating Temperature Range: –22°F to +140°F (–30°C to +60°C)
Frequency Stability: ±2.5 ppm
Dimensions (WHD): 2.3" (W) x 4.7" (H) x 1.2" (D) (58 x 120 x 31 mm)
Weight (approx.): 0.81 lb. (365 g) w/FNB-64
RECEIVER Specifications (Measurements made per EIA standard TIA/EIA-603)
Sensitivity
EIA 12 dB SINAD : 0.20 µV
20 dB Quieting : 0.30 µV
Adjacent channel selectivity: 65 dB (25 kHz) / 60 dB (12.5 kHz)
Intermodulation: 65 dB
Spurious and Image Rejection: 65 dB
Hum & Noise 45 dB
Audio output: 500 mW @4 Ohms, 5% THD
TRANSMITTER Specifications (Measurements made per EIA standard TIA/EIA-603)
Power output: 5.0 / 1.0 W
Modulation: 16K0F3E, 11K0F3E
Conducted Spurious Emissions: 60 dB Below Carrier
FM Hum & Noise: 40 dB (25 kHz) / 35 dB (12.5 kHz)
Audio distortion (@ 1 kHz): < 5 %
Measurements per EIA standards unless noted above. Specifications subject to change without notice or obligation.

8
Exploded View & Miscellaneous Parts
CP8266002 (VTX: Lot 102~)
CP8266006 (EXP: Lot 102~)
RA029590D (Lot. 54~101)
RA029590C (Lot. 28~53)
RA029590B (Lot. 17~27)
RA0295900 (Lot. 1~16)
FRONT CASE ASSY (VX-180)
(w/WINDOW, DOUBLE FACE TAPE)
CP8266003 (VTX: Lot. 102~)
CP8266004 (EXP: Lot. 102~)
RA029600C (Lot. 56~101)
RA029600B (Lot. 28~55)
RA029600A (Lot. 17~27)
RA0296000 (Lot. 1~16)
FRONT CASE ASSY (VX-160)
RA0294800
INTER CONNECTOR (VX-180)
RA029430A (Lot. 4~)
RA0294300 (Lot. 1~3)
RUBBER PACKING
RA0293900
RUBBER KNOB
RA055770B (Lot. 98~)
LATCH NAIL C
RA0123500 (Lot. 1~97)
LATCH NAIL B
RA0173500
CAP
MAIN Unit
CP8264001 (Lot. 96~)
RA029310D (Lot. 26~96)
RA029310C (Lot. 20~25)
RA029310B (Lot. 11~19)
RA029310A (Lot. 3~10)
RA0293100 (Lot. 1~2)
REAR CASE ASSY
(w/SMA CONNECTOR, TERMINAL PLATE (-),
PAN HEAD SCREW M2X3NI)
RA0351600
TERMINAL PLATE (-)
RA0351700
TERMINAL PLATE (+)
RA010340B (Lot. 28~)
RA010340A (Lot. 1~27)
TERMINAL HOLDER
R6147510
RING NUT (x 2 pcs)
RA0296100
VOLUME KNOB
RA029620A (Lot. 3~)
RA0296200 (Lot. 1~2)
KNOB (CH)
RA0210900
WINDOW
G6090139
LCD (VX-180)
RA0110200
HOLDER RUBBER
REF. VXSTD P/N Description Qty.
U44104002 TAPTITE SCREW M2X4NI 10
U44104002 TAPTITE SCREW M2X4NI 2
(VX-180V)
U20206007 BINDING HEAD SCREW M2.6X6B 2
U24110002 TAPTITE SCREW M2X10NI 2
U02206007 SEMS SCREW SM2.6X6B 2
U00103002 PAN HEAD SCREW M2X3NI 1
RA0210600
RUBBER PACKING (x 2 pcs)
RA0294400
LCD HOLDER (VX-180)
CP7064001
BELT CLIP ASSY
CAUTION
RA0334900
REFLECTOR SHEET (VX-180)
RA029450B (Lot. 76~)
RA029450A (Lot. 10~75)
RA0294500
LIGHT GUIDE (VX-180)
RA0309800 (Lot. 20~)
MYLAR SHEET (SP)
P1091034A
CONNECTOR SMA/BR-1
RA021100B (Lot. 10~)
RA021100A (Lot. 1~9)
DOUBLE FACE TAPE

9
Block Diagram

10
Note:

11
Circuit Description
Receive Signal Path
Incoming RF from the antenna jack is delivered to the
RF Unit and passes through a low-pass filter consisting of
coils L1001, L1002, and L1031, capacitors C1004, C1005,
C1008, C1010, C1014, C1016, and C1221, and antenna
switching diode D1003 (RLS135 TE-17).
Signals within the frequency range of the transceiver
enter a varactor-tuned band-pass filter consisting of coils
L1010 and L1011, capacitors C1044, C1046, C1060,
C1065, and C1068, and diodes D1011, D1012, D1013,
and D1014 (all HVC358B), then are amplified by Q1012
(2SC5006-T1) and enter a varactor-tuned band-pass fil-
ter consisting of coils L1017 and L1021, capacitors C1084,
C1086, C1095, and C1097, and diodes D1018, D1019
(both HVC358B), before mixing by first mixer Q1026
(SGM2016AM-T7).
Buffered output from the VCO is amplified by Q1007
(2SC5005-T1) to provide a pure first local signal between
190.25 and 218.25 MHz for injection to the first mixer.
The 44.25 MHz first mixer product then passes through
monolithic crystal filter XF1002 (typ A, C:HDF0042, 5.5
kHz BW or typ CS1:HDF0051) to strip away unwanted
mixer products, and the IF signal is then amplified by
Q1033 (2SC4215Y TE85R).
The amplified first IF signal is applied to FM IF sub-
system IC Q1037 (TA31136FN-EL), which contains the
second mixer, second local oscillator, limiter amplifier,
noise amplifier, and RSSI amplifier.
The second local signal is produced from the PLL ref-
erence/second local oscillator of 14.60 MHz crystal X1001.
The 14.60 MHz reference signal is tripled by Q1036, ca-
pacitor C1209, and coil L1029, and the resulting 43.8 MHz
second local signal is then delivered to the mixer section
of Q1037, which produces the 450 kHz second IF when
mixed with the first IF signal.
The second IF then passes through ceramic filter
CF1001 (ALFYM450G=K on “Narrow” channels) or
CF1002 (ALFYM450F=K on “Wide” channels) to strip
away all but the desired signal, and then is applied to the
limiter amplifier in Q1037, which removes amplitude
variations in the 450 kHz IF, before detection of the speech
by the ceramic discriminator, CD1001 (CDBC450CX24).
Detected audio from Q1037 is applied to the audio high-
pass filter, and then passes via the volume control to the
audio amplifier Q1039 (NJM2070M-TE2), which pro-
vides up to 1/2 Watt to the optional headphone jack or a 4-
ohm loudspeaker.
Squelch Control
The squelch circuitry consists of a noise amplifier and
band-pass filter within Q1037, and noise detector D1018
(HVC358B).
When no carrier is received, noise at the output of the
detector stage in Q1037 is amplified and band-pass fil-
tered by the noise amplifier section of Q1037 and the net-
work between pins 7 and 8, and then is rectified by D1028.
The resulting DC squelch control voltage is passed to
pin 37 of the microprocessor Q1014 (M37516E6HP:Lot.
1~4, M37516M6:Lot. 5~). If no carrier is received, this
signal causes pin 24 of Q1014 to go high and pin 20 to go
high. Pin 24 signals Q1060 (RT1P441U-T11-1) to dis-
able the supply voltage to the audio amplifier Q1039, while
pin 20 holds the green (Busy) half of the LED off, when
pin 24 is high and pin 20 is high.
Thus, the microprocessor blocks output from the au-
dio amplifier, and silences the receiver, while no signal is
being received (and during transmission, as well).
When a carrier appears at the discriminator, noise is re-
moved from the output, causing pin 37 of Q1014 to go low
and the microprocessor to activate the “Busy” LED via Q1014.
The microprocessor then checks for CTCSS or CDCSS
code squelch information, if enabled. If not transmitting
and CTCSS or CDCSS is not activated, or if the received
tone or code matches that programmed, audio is allowed
to pass through the audio amplifier Q1039 (NJM2070M
TE2) to the loudspeaker by the enabling of the supply
voltage to it via Q1037.
Transmit Signal Path
Speech input from the microphone is amplified by
Q1017 (NJM2902V TE1);
after pre-emphasis by C1066
and R1054, the audio is amplified in another section of Q1017.
The processed audio may then be mixed with a CTCSS
tone generated by Q1014 (M37516E6HP:Lot. 1~4,
M37516M6:Lot. 5~) for frequency modulation of the PLL
carrier (up to ±5 kHz from the unmodulated carrier) at the
transmitting frequency.
If a CDCSS code is enabled for transmission, the code is
generated by microprocessor Q1014 (M37516E6HP:Lot.
1~4, M37516M6:Lot. 5~) and delivered to D1004
(HVC350B TRF) for CDCSS modulating.
The modulated signal from the VCO Q1002
(2SC5231C8-TL) is buffered by Q1007 (2SC5005-T1).
The low-level transmit signal then passes through the T/R
switching diode D1016 (DAN235E-TL) to driver ampli-
fiers Q1015 (2SC5227-4-TB) and Q1016
(2SK2596BXTL), then the amplified transmit signal is
applied to the final amplifier Q1024 (2SK2974-T11),
which delivers up to 5 watts of output power.
The transmit signal then passes through the antenna
switch D1003 (RLS135 TE-11) and is low-pass filtered,
to suppress harmonic spurious radiation, before delivery
to the antenna.

12
Automatic Transmit Power Control
Current from the final amplifier is sampled by R1108,
R1115, and R1125, and is rectified by Q1057 (IMZ2A
T108). The resulting DC is fed back through Q1032
(FMW1 T98) to the drive amplifier Q1016 and final am-
plifier Q1024, for control of the power output.
The microprocessor selects “High” or “Low” power levels.
Transmit Inhibit
When the transmit PLL is unlocked, pin 7 of PLL chip
Q1005 goes to a logic “Low,” and unlock detector Q1056
(2SA1586Y TE85R) goes to a logic “High.” The result-
ing DC unlock control voltage is passed to pin 14 of the
microprocessor, Q1014. While the transmit PLL is un-
locked, pin 22 of Q1014 remains high, which then turns
off Q1029 (CPH6102-TL) and the Automatic Power Con-
troller Q1032 (FMW1 T98) to disable the supply voltage
to the drive amplifiers Q1015/Q1016 and final amplifier
Q1024, thereby disabling the transmitter.
Spurious Suppression
Generation of spurious products by the transmitter is
minimized by the fundamental carrier frequency being
equal to final transmitting frequency, modulated directly
in the transmit VCO. Additional harmonic suppression is
provided by a low-pass filter consisting of coils L1001,
L1002, and L1031 plus capacitors C1004, C1005, C1008,
C1010, C1014, C1016, and C1221, resulting in more than
60 dB of harmonic suppression prior to delivery of the RF
signal to the antenna.
PLL Frequency Synthesizer
The PLL circuitry on the Main Unit consists of VCO
Q1002 (2SC5231C8-TL), VCO buffer Q1007
(2SC5005), and PLL subsystem IC Q1005
(MB15A02PFV1-G-BND-EF), which contains a refer-
ence divider, serial-to-parallel data latch, programmable
divider, phase comparator, and charge pump.
Frequency stability is maintained by temperature com-
pensating thermistor TH1004. The output from TH1004
is applied to pin 39 of Q1014. Q1014 outputs thermal data
to D/A converter Q1052 (M62364FP 600D), which pro-
duces a DC voltage corresponding to the thermal data.
The resulting DC voltage is applied to varactor diode
D1004 (HVC350B TRF) to stabilize the 14.60 MHz Ref-
erence Frequency.
While receiving, VCO Q1002 oscillates between
190.25 and 218.25 MHz according to the transceiver ver-
sion and the programmed receiving frequency. The VCO
output is buffered by Q1007, then applied to the prescaler
section of Q1005. There the VCO signal is divided by 64
or 65, according to a control signal from the data latch
section of Q1005, before being sent to the programmable
divider section of Q1005.
The data latch section of Q1005 also receives serial
dividing data from the microprocessor, Q1014, which
causes the pre-divided VCO signal to be further divided
in the programmable divider section, depending upon the
desired receive frequency, so as to produce a 2.5 kHz or
3.125 kHz derivative of the current VCO frequency.
Meanwhile, the reference divider section of Q1005
divides the 14.60 MHz crystal reference (from the refer-
ence oscillator, Q1022) by 5840 (or 4672) to produce the
2.5 kHz (or 3.125 kHz) loop references (respectively).
The 2.5 kHz (or 3.125 kHz) signal from the program-
mable divider (derived from the VCO) and that derived
from the reference oscillator are applied to the phase de-
tector section of Q1004, which produces a pulsed output
with pulse duration depending on the phase difference
between the input signals.
This pulse train is filtered to DC and returned to the
varactor D1037 and D1042 (both, typ A, C:HVC358B or
typ CS1:1SV305). Changes in the level of the DC volt-
age are applied to the varactor, affecting the reference in
the tank circuit of the VCO according to the phase differ-
ence between the signals derived from the VCO and the
crystal reference oscillator.
The VCO is thus phase-locked to the crystal reference
oscillator. The output of the VCO Q1002, after buffering
by Q1007, is applied to the first mixer as described previ-
ously.
For transmission, the VCO Q1002 oscillates between
146 and 174 MHz according to the model version and
programmed transmit frequency. The remainder of the PLL
circuitry is shared with the receiver. However, the divid-
ing data from the microprocessor is such that the VCO
frequency is at the actual transmit frequency (rather than
offset for IFs, as in the receiving case). Also, the VCO is
modulated by the speech audio applied to D1005 (typ
A:HVU358 TRF, typ C:1SV229 TPH3, typ
CS1:1SV229 TPH3:Lot. 45~, HVU358 TRF:Lot. 54~),
as described previously.
Receive and transmit buses select which VCO is made
active, using Q1059 and Q1063 (both RT1P441U-T11-
1).
Miscellaneous Circuits
Push-To-Talk Transmit Activation
The PTT switch on the microphone is connected to pin
48 of microprocessor Q1014, so that when the PTT switch
is closed, pin 23 of Q1014 goes low. This signal disables
the receiver by disabling the 5 V supply bus at Q1036
(DTB123EK T146) to the front-end, FM IF subsystem
IC Q1037, and the receiver VCO circuitry.
At the same time, Q1027 (FMW1 T98) and Q1029
(CPH6102-TL) activate the transmit 5V supply line to
enable the transmitter.
Circuit Description

13
Alignment
Introduction
The VX-160/-180 has been aligned at the factory for
the specified performance across the entire frequency range
specified. Realignment should therefore not be necessary
except in the event of a component failure. All component
replacement and service should be performed only by an
authorized Vertex Standard representative, or the warranty
policy may be voided.
The following procedures cover the sometimes critical
and tedious adjustments that are not normally required once
the transceiver has left the factory. However, if damage
occurs and some parts are replaced, realignment may be
required. If a sudden problem occurs during normal op-
eration, it is likely due to component failure; realignment
should not be done until after the faulty component has
been replaced.
We recommend that servicing be performed only by
authorized Vertex Standard service technicians who are
experienced with the circuitry and fully equipped for re-
pair and alignment. Therefore, if a fault is suspected, con-
tact the dealer from whom the transceiver was purchased
for instructions regarding repair. Authorized Vertex Stan-
dard service technicians realign all circuits and make com-
plete performance checks to ensure compliance with fac-
tory specifications after replacing any faulty components.
Those who do undertake any of the following alignments
are cautioned to proceed at their own risk. Problems caused
by unauthorized attempts at realignment are not covered
by the warranty policy. Also, Vertex Standard must re-
serve the right to change circuits and alignment proce-
dures in the interest of improved performance, without
notifying owners. Under no circumstances should any
alignment be attempted unless the normal function and
operation of the transceiver are clearly understood, the
cause of the malfunction has been clearly pinpointed and
any faulty components replaced, and the need for realign-
ment determined to be absolutely necessary. The follow-
ing test equipment (and thorough familiarity with its cor-
rect use) is necessary for complete realignment. Correc-
tion of problems caused by misalignment resulting from
use of improper test equipment is not covered under the
warranty policy. While most steps do not require all of the
equipment listed, the interactions of some adjustments may
require that more complex adjustments be performed af-
terwards. Do not attempt to perform only a single step
unless it is clearly isolated electrically from all other steps.
Have all test equipment ready before beginning, and fol-
low all of the steps in a section in the order presented.
Required Test Equipment
UAvionics Radio Tester with calibrated output level at
500 MHz
UIn-line Wattmeter with 5% accuracy at 500 MHz
U50-ohm, 10-W RF Dummy Load
URegulated DC Power Supply (standard 7.5V DC, 2A)
UFrequency Counter: ±0.2 ppm accuracy at 500 MHz
UAF Signal Generator
UAC Voltmeter
UDC Voltmeter
UUHF Sampling Coupler
UIBM PC/compatible Computer with Microsoft DOS
v3.0 or later operating system
UVertex Standard CT-42 Connection Cable and CE44
Alignment program
Alignment Preparation & Precautions
A 50-ohm RF Dummy load and in-line wattmeter must
be connected to the main antenna jack in all procedures
that call for transmission, except where specified other-
wise. Correct alignment is not possible with an antenna.
After completing one step, read the following step to
determine whether the same test equipment will be re-
quired. If not, remove the test equipment (except dummy
load and wattmeter, if connected) before proceeding.
Correct alignment requires that the ambient tempera-
ture be the same as that of the transceiver and test equip-
ment, and that this temperature be held constant between
20° and 30°C (68°~ 86°F). When the transceiver is brought
into the shop from hot or cold air, it should be allowed
time to come to room temperature before alignment.
Whenever possible, alignments should be made with
oscillator shields and circuit boards firmly affixed in place.
Also, the test equipment must be thoroughly warmed up
before beginning.
Note:Signal levels in dB referred to in this procedure are
based on 0 dBµ = 0.5 µV (closed circuit).
Important Note
When connecting the CT-42 plug into the MIC/SP
jack of the VX-160/-180, you must remove the plas-
tic cap and its mounting screws prior to programming.
Please remember to re-attach the cap and screws when
the programming is complete.

14
Alignment
The transceiver must be programmed for use in the
intended system before alignment is attempted. The RF
parameters are loaded from the file during the alignment
process.
In order to facilitate alignment over the complete op-
erating rang of the equipment, it is recommended that the
channel data in the transceiver be preset as per the chart
below.
Channels Frequency (MHz)
Ver. A Ver. C Ver. CS1
Low Band Edge 134.000 146.000 142.000
(Channel 1) (Low POWER) (Low POWER) (Low POWER)
Band Center 147.000 160.000 159.000
(Channel 2) (High POWER) (High POWER) (High POWER)
High Band Edge 160.000 174.000 176.000
(Channel 3) (High POWER) (High POWER) (High POWER)
Tone-Frequency (Hz) / DCS-code
Channel Ver. A Ver. C Ver. CS1
CTCSS
DCS
CTCSS
DCS
CTCSS
DCS
Low Band Edge ––––––
(Channel 1)
Band Center 151.4 – 151.4 – 151.4 –
(Channel 2)
High Band Edge – 627 – 627 – 627
(Channel 3)
Set up the test equipment as shown below for trans-
ceiver alignment, and apply 7.5V DC power to the trans-
ceiver.
The alignment tool outline
Installation of the Alignment tool
The “alignment mode” is a software-based protocol,
accessed by an “Alignment Mode” command from the
computer while switching the transceiver on.It is oper-
ated by the alignment tool automatically. During use of
the alignment mode, normal operation is suspended. The
alignment tool program provides all needed operation ca-
pability.
The alignment tool consists of an executable file
“CE44.exe” and an accmpanying configuration file
“CE44.cfg” which should be loaded per standard DOS
procedures. Create a suitable directory, then copy these
foles from the distribution diskette into the new directory.
For example, if copying the file from Drive A, use the
following DOS command sequence:
c:\ mkdir align [enter]
c:\ cd align [enter]
c:\ align\ copy a:ce44.*
No further installation steps are required. If you wish
to utilize a different name for the alignment directory, it
will not matter to the executable file.
Booting the Alignment Tool
Change to the “align” directory (or the directory name
you utilized in the previous section). Now type on the com-
mand line: ce44 ENTER to boot the alignment tool.
The introductory screen will appear, and you may press
any key to enter the main screen.
Entering Alignment Mode
To enter the alignment mode, turn the transceiver off,
Select “Radio” then “Adjust” parameter. Now, turn the
transceiver back on. When the command has been suc-
cessful, a message on the computer screen will confirm
that the transceiver is now in the “Alignment” mode.
Alignment Sequence
Although the data displayed on the computer's screen
during alignment is temporary data, it is important you
follow the basic alignment sequence precisely, so that the
displayed data and the data loaded into the transceiver are
identical.
Basic Alignment Sequence
1. Enter the alignment mode
2. Upload data from transceiver
3. Align data
4. Download data to transceiver
50-ohm
Dummy Load
Inline Wattmeter
Deviation Meter
Frequency
Counter
RF Sampling
Coupler
RF Signal
Generator
Transceiver
Power Supply
7.5V DC
CT-42 connection
Cable
PC
MIC/SP
COM port

15
PLL VCV (Varactor Control Voltage)
UConnect the DC voltmeter between TP3 on the Main
Unit and ground.
USet the transceiver to CH 3 (high band edge), and ad-
just L1004 on the Main Unit for 3.7~3.8 V (Typ C),
3.0~3.1 V (Typ CS1) or 3.4~3.5 V (Typ A) on the DC
voltmeter.
Transmitter Output Power
High Power
USet the transceiver to CH 2 (band center).
UOpen the “AdjustAdjust
AdjustAdjust
Adjust” window on the CE44 program, then
select the “RF Power (High)RF Power (High)
RF Power (High)RF Power (High)
RF Power (High)” parameter.
UPress the [ENTER]key to enable programming of this
parameter; use the []or []arrow keys so that the
power meter reading is 5.5 W ± 0.1 W (Typ C, CS1) or
5.0 W ± 0.1 W (Typ A). Confirm that the current con-
sumption is 2.2 A or lower.
UPress the [ENTER]key to lock in the new data.
Low Power
USet the transceiver to CH 1 (Low band edge).
UOpen the “AdjustAdjust
AdjustAdjust
Adjust” window on the CE44 program, then
select the “RF Power (Low)RF Power (Low)
RF Power (Low)RF Power (Low)
RF Power (Low)” parameter.
UPress the [ENTER]key to enable programming of this
parameter; use the []or []arrow keys so that the
power meter reading is 1.0 W ± 0.1 W (for “RF Power
Low”). Confirm that the current consumption is 1.0 A
or lower.
UPress the [ENTER]key to lock in the new data.
MIC Sensitivity
USet the transceiver to CH 2 (band center).
UInject a 1 kHz tone at –37 dBm to the MIC jack.
L1004TP3
UOpen the “AdjustAdjust
AdjustAdjust
Adjust” window on CE44, then select the
“MIC SensitivityMIC Sensitivity
MIC SensitivityMIC Sensitivity
MIC Sensitivity” parameter.
UPress the [ENTER]key to enable programming of this
parameter; use the []or []arrow keys so that the
deviation meter reading is ±3.0 kHz (±0.1 kHz) (for 25
kHz steps) deviation.
UPress the [ENTER]key to lock in the new data.
SP
CLONE GND
IN
Alignment

16
Alignment
MAX Deviation
USet the transceiver to CH 2 (band center).
UInject a 1 kHz tone at –17 dBm to the MIC jack.
UOpen the “AdjustAdjust
AdjustAdjust
Adjust” window on CE44, then select the
“MAX DeviationMAX Deviation
MAX DeviationMAX Deviation
MAX Deviation” parameter.
UPress the [ENTER]key to enable programming of this
parameter; use the []or []arrow keys so that the
deviation meter reading is ±4.2 kHz (±0.1 kHz) (for 25
kHz steps, Typ A, C), ±4.3 kHz (±0.1 kHz) (for 25 kHz
steps, Typ CS1) or ±2.1 kHz (±0.1 kHz) (for 12.5 kHz
steps) deviation.
UPress the [ENTER]key to lock in the new data.
CTCSS Deviation
USet the transceiver to CH 2 (band center).
UOpen the “AdjustAdjust
AdjustAdjust
Adjust” window on CE44, then select the
“CTCSS DeviationCTCSS Deviation
CTCSS DeviationCTCSS Deviation
CTCSS Deviation” parameter.
UPress the [ENTER]key to enable programming of this
parameter; use the []or []arrow keys so that the
deviation meter reading is ±0.7 kHz (±0.1 kHz) (for 25
kHz steps, Typ C, A), ±0.9 kHz (±0.1 kHz) (for 25 kHz
steps, Typ CS1) or ±0.35 kHz (±0.1 kHz) (for 12.5 kHz
steps, Typ C, A), ±0.5 kHz (±0.1 kHz) (for 12.5 kHz
steps, Typ CS1)deviation.
UPress the [ENTER]key to lock in the new data.
DCS Deviation
USet the transceiver to CH 3 (high band edge).
UOpen the “AdjustAdjust
AdjustAdjust
Adjust” window on CE44, then select the
“DCS DeviationDCS Deviation
DCS DeviationDCS Deviation
DCS Deviation” parameter.
UPress the [ENTER]key to enable programming of this
parameter; use the []or []arrow keys so that the
deviation meter reading is ±0.75 kHz (±0.1 kHz) (for
25 kHz steps) or ±0.35 kHz (±0.1 kHz) (for 12.5 kHz
steps) deviation.
UPress the [ENTER]key to lock in the new data.
RF Frequency
USet the transceiver to CH 2 (band center).
UOpen the “AdjustAdjust
AdjustAdjust
Adjust” window on CE44, then select the
“RF FrequencyRF Frequency
RF FrequencyRF Frequency
RF Frequency” parameter.
UPress the [ENTER]key to enable programming of this
parameter; use the []or []arrow keys so that the
frequency counter displays the band center frequency
(±100 Hz) for the version being aligned.
UPress the [ENTER]key to lock in the new data.
Sensitivity
USet the transceiver to CH 3 (high band edge, Typ C, A)
or CH 1 (low band edge, Typ CS1).
UTune the RF signal generator to the same frequency as
the transceiver’s, then set the generator output level to
40 dBµ with ±3.0 kHz deviation @ 1 kHz tone modu-
lation.
UOpen the “AdjustAdjust
AdjustAdjust
Adjust” window on CE44, then select the
“RX TuneRX Tune
RX TuneRX Tune
RX Tune” parameter.
UPress the [ENTER]key to enable programming of this
parameter. Use the []or []arrow keys to tune for
best sensitivity; ultimately, the radio should be aligned
so that the RF signal generator output level is –6 dBµ
EMF (0.25 µV) or less for 12 dB SINAD.
UPress the [ENTER]key to lock in the new data.

17
MAIN Unit (Lot. 1~2)
Circuit Diagram
2.76V
(2.80V)
3.91V
(3.91V)
2.17V
(2.28V)
3.33V
(3.38V)
0.78V
(0.24V)
0.0V
(0.0V)
4.19V
(0.0V)
4.21V
(4.26V)
0.0V
(4.21V)
0.0V
(4.21V)
0.0V
(0.0V)
5.0V
(0.0V)
4.9V
(4.94V)
4.21V
(4.26V)
5.07V
(5.11V) 5.0V
(5.0V)
2.7V
(4.32V)
3.47V
(0.0V)
5.08V
(0.0V)
5.0V
(3.75V)
0.0V
(4.95V)
0.0V
(0.71V)
0.0V
(5.0V)
0.0V
(0.0V)
SQL Open:0.73V
SQL Close:0.74V
SQL Open:2.78V
SQL Close:2.78V
SQL Open:0.0V
SQL Close:0.0V
0.0V <2.07V> {0.75V}
7.52V
5.0V
(5.0V)
LED On:4.27V
LED Off:4.63V
LED On:2.77V
LED Off:0.0V
SQL Open:1.97V
SQL Close:1.97V
SQL Open:0.73V
SQL Close:0.73V
SQL Open:0.0V
SQL Close:0.0V
<5.04V>
{5.04V}
<2.7V>
{1.35V}
<2.07V>
{0.74V}
<7.18V>
{7.37V}
<7.22V>
{7.36V} <7.2V>
{7.34V}
<6.6V>
{6.77V}
<6.6V>
{6.77V}
<2.61V>{1.34V}
<2.04V>
{0.72V}
Wide:3.15V
Narrow:1.9V
Wide:3.71V
Narrow:0.0V
Wide:4.97V Narrow:1.22V
Wide:4.97V
Narrow:1.19V
Wide:3.71V
Narrow:0.0V
Wide:3.13V
Narrow:1.87V
Wide:0.0V
Narrow:0.0V
Wide:4.98V
Narrow:0.0V
1.27V
1.24V
1.24V
1.27V
5.0V
5.0V
1.25V
2.48V
2.94V2.49V
2.44V
5.0V
5.0V
1.56V 1.57V
1.56V
1.59V
0.0V 1.57V
1.55V
1.02V
SQL Open:0.59V SQL Close:0.9V SQL Open:3.43V
SQL Close:0.04V
5.0V
(4.86V)
5.0V
(4.22V)
0.0V
(4.84V)
SQL Open:7.5V
SQL Close:0.21V
SQL Open:7.5V
SQL Close:7.5V
SQL Open:6.83V
SQL Close:
7.5V
SQL Open:0.26V SQL Close:7.5V
0.0V
SQL Open:5.0V
SQL Close:5.0V
SQL Open:
0.6V
SQL Close:
5.0V
SQL Open:5.0V
SQL Close:0.0V
SQL Open:0.7V
SQL Close:0.0V
4.99V
2.92V
4.92V
4.99V
(7.35V)
5.0V
(5.0V)
7.5V
(7.38V)
5.06V
(5.09V)
4.43V
(4.46V)
5.0V
(5.0V)
6.96V
(6.75V)
5.0V
(5.0V)
5.0V (0.0V)
0.0V
(5.0V)
5.0V
(0.0V)
0.0V
(5.0V)
5.0V
(4.42V)
5.0V
(5.0V)
7.5V
(7.31V)
7.5V
(6.64V)
7.5V <7.33V> {7.43V}
0.0V <5.07V>
{5.06V}
2.1V
7.5V
(7.27V)
4.73V
(4.2V) 5.0V
(4.95V)
3.23V
(3.23V)
0.0V
5.0V
5.0V
4.97V
(5.0V)
0.0V
(0.0V)
5.0V
(5.0V)
(2.31V)
(2.31V)
(2.31V)
(2.27V)
(2.31V)
(2.27V)
(2.24V)
(2.29V)
(2.30V)
(5.0V)
(2.29V)
(2.26V)
(0.0V)
0.0V
(2.27V)
4.99V
(4.99V)
4.84V
(4.84V)
0.0V
(0.0V)
0.0V
(1.68V)
RX : XX
TX : XX
TX HIGH : <XX>
TX LOW : {XX}
Q1005
SQL Close SQL Open TX High
1-- -- --
2-- -- --
3 5.00V 5.00V 5.0V
4 4.77V 4.77V 4.78V
5 2.53V 2.53V 2.11V
6 0.0V 0.0V 0.0V
7 4.77V 4.77V 4.77V
8 2.41V 2.41V 4.42V
9-- -- --
10 -- -- --
11 -- -- --
Q1037
SQL Open
1 4.98V 9 1.11V
2 4.72V 10 5.00V
3 3.81V 11 4.14V
4 5.02V 12 0.55V
5 4.64V 13 0.34V
6 4.64V 14 1.67V
7 0.81V 15 0.00V
8 0.66V 16 0.97V

18
Note:

19
MAIN Unit (Lot. 1~2)
Parts Layout (Side A)
DBACE
1
3
2
FMW1 (W1)
(Q1032)
MC2850 (A7)
(D1030)
FA1101F (VX-180)
(D1035, 1038)
RT1N441U (N3)
(Q1042, 1053)
2SC4154E (LE)
(Q1025, 1038
1050, 1061)
2SA1586Y (SY)
(Q1011, 1043)
RT1P441U (P3)
(Q1060)
NJM2902V
(Q1017, 1030)
CPH6102 (AB)
(Q1051)
IMZ2 (Z2)
(Q1057)
NJM2070M
(Q1039)
LC75834W
(Q1054)
12-22SURSYGC/S530-A2/TR8
(D1026)
NJM12903R
(Q1049)
DTC124TE (05)
(Q1058)
F

20
MAIN Unit (Lot. 1~2)
fdb c
1
3
2
MC2850 (A7)
(D1015, 1031,
1032, 1034)
DAN235E (M)
(D1016)
2SC4154E (LE)
(Q1008, 1055)
2SC5005 (73)
(Q1007)
2SC5006 (24)
(Q1012)
2SC4215Y (QY)
(Q1033)
2SC5227 (LN)
(Q1015)
2SC5231 (C8)
(Q1002)
SGM2016AM (MA)
(Q1026)
BR93LC66FV
(Q1010)
2SA1586Y (SY)
(Q1056, 1062)
FMW1 (W1)
(Q1027, 1028)
ae
RT1N441U (N3)
(Q1034, 1045
1063)
MB15A02PFV1
(Q1005)
RT1P441U (P3)
(Q1013, 1020
1059)
M37516E6HP
(Q1014)
2SK2596 (BX)
(Q1016)
2SK2974
(Q1024)
CPH6102 (AB)
(Q1029, 1031)
DTB123EK (F12)
(Q1036)
TA31136FN
(Q1037)
S-80735SN (DZ)
(Q1041)
M62364FP
(Q1052)
TK11250BMCL
(Q1040)
Parts Layout (Side B)
This manual suits for next models
1
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