Voltech PM100 User manual

PM100/300
POWER ANALYZERS
USER MANUAL
www.voltech.com
V
oltech Instruments Inc.
11637 Kelly Road, Suite 306
Fort Myers, FL 33908
U.S.A.
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
[email protected]
V
oltech Instruments Ltd.
148 Harwell Sience and Innovation Campus
Didcot, OX11 0RA
U.K.
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
[email protected]
Thank you for choosing to use this Voltech Power Analyzer.
Should you experience any difficulty during the set up or use of any
Voltech product, or are unsure of any of their features or abilities,
please do not hesitate to contact either your local supplier or one o
f
our Voltech offices.

WARRANTY
This product is warranted against defect in materials and workmanship for a period
of one year from the date of shipment. During the warranty period, Voltech will,
at its option, either repair or replace products which prove to be defective.
For repair services under warranty, the instrument must be returned to a service
centre designated by Voltech. Please contact your local supplier for details.
Limitation of Warranty
The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from unauthorised
modification or misuse, or operation outside specification of instrument. No other
warranty is expressed or implied.
Whilst every care has been taken in compiling the information in this publication
Voltech cannot accept legal liability for any inaccuracies contained herein.
Voltech has an intensive programme of design and development which may well
alter product specification, and reserve the right to alter specification without
notice and whenever necessary to ensure optimum performance from its product
range.
Because software is inherently complex and may not be completely free of errors,
you are advised to verify your work. In no event will Voltech be liable for direct,
indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages arising out of the use of or
inability to use software or documentation, even if advised of the possibility of
such damage.
All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be produced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form, or by means, electronic, mechanical photocopying,
recording or otherwise without prior permission of Voltech.
Copyright Voltech Instruments Ltd 1996-2007.
Voltech Part Number 98-052 Issue 8. March 2007.

PM100 / 300 USER MANUAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
VPN 98-052 i
HEALTH AND SAFETY
Electrical devices can constitute a safety hazard. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure the
compliance of the installation with any local acts or bylaws in force. Only qualified personnel should
install this equipment, after reading and understanding this users guide. These operating instructions
should be adhered to. If in any doubt, consult your supplier.
DANGER
ELECTRIC SHOCK RISK
Please note:
This equipment is supplied under warranty conditions in force at the time of purchase from your
supplier. Contact your supplier for details. Any attempt to disassemble or modify the unit will render
any warranty agreement invalid.
The contents of this guide are believed to be accurate at the time of printing. The manufacturers,
however, reserve the right to change the content, product specification, and performance criteria,
without notice. No liability is accepted for the inappropriate, negligent, or incorrect set-up of the
instrument by the user, either by manual or automated means.
CHECK YOUR LINE INPUT VOLTAGE SETTING BEFORE
CONNECTING TO SUPPLY!
Read line input
voltage setting here
230
Pull out the fuse drawer and rotate the grey fuse holder to change the setting.

HEALTH AND SAFETY PM100 / 300 USER MANUAL
ii VPN 98-052
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
1. The PM100 and PM300 power analyzers have been constructed in compliance with the
requirements of EN61010-1, Pollution Degree 2, Installation Category II, FOR INDOOR USE
ONLY. This ensures the safety of the meter and the user when normal precautions are
followed.
2. WARNING: The analyzer MUST be earthed. The power source should be inserted in a socket
with a protective ground contact.
3. The power source should be inserted before connections are made to measuring or control
circuits.
4. Do not attempt to remove outer cover without first disconnecting auxiliary and test power
supply.
5. This instrument must only be serviced by qualified personnel who understand the danger of
shock hazards.
6. When the instrument is removed from its case hazardous voltages are present.
7. The electronic circuitry of this instrument is fully floating with respect to ground. If the
instrument is opened and dangerous voltages (above 50V peak) applied to the input terminals
then all the circuitry must be considered 'Live'.
8. The signal leads must be in good condition with no damage.
9. Use a fuse only with the same type and rating -315mAT

PM100 / 300 USER MANUAL CONTENTS
VPN 98-052 iii
CONTENTS
PAGES
Section 1 Getting Started 1
Section 2 Function Keys 7
Section 3 The Menu System 9
Example: Low-Power Standby Measurements 19
Section 4 Calibration 21
Section 5 Specifications 25
Section 6 Accessories 29
Section 7 EMC Compliance31

CONTENTS PM100 / 300 USER MANUAL
iv VPN 98-052

PM100 / 300 USER MANUAL G
ETTING STARTED
VPN 98-052 PAGE 1
SECTION 1 - GETTING STARTED
Thank you for purchasing a Voltech Power Analyzer. Your analyzer comes supplied with:
1. This Manual
2. A Power Lead
3. Safety Insulated test leads;
PM100:- 2 yellow, 2 black
PM300:- 6 yellow, 6 black
4. Safety crocodile clips
5. A Voltech product registration card
Please report any missing items to your Voltech product supplier immediately. When you return your product
registration card to Voltech, we will ensure that you continue to receive news of the latest applications software
and hardware available for your power analyzer.
PM100 and PM300 power analyzers are ideal for making accurate measurements on most electrical and
electronic equipment. Measurements on pulsewidth-modulated motor drives present special problems however,
and we recommend the use of special ‘PWM Mode’ on other Voltech analyzers for this application.
All PM100 and PM300 power analyzers are supplied with a power lead, and the line voltage selector switch and
menu language suitable for use in their intended destination country. Please check the line voltage setting on
the IEC line socket at the back of the power analyzer.
CHANGING THE LANGUAGE
Press [MENU]
SELECT MENU
M[0] Outputs
Press [6] or [>] until you see the following display;
SELECT MENU
M[6] Language
Press [↵]
ENGLISH
x >√<
Press [<]
ENGLISH
>x< √
Press [↵] to move to the next item in the menu system,
or, press [MENU] to exit the menu system and return to the measurement display.
The menu will now be displayed in the alternative language available in your power analyzer.

GETTING STARTED PM100 / 300 USER MANUAL
PAGE 2 VPN 98-052
ADJUSTING THE LCD DISPLAY CONTRAST
Switch the analyzer ON. Before pressing any other keys, press and hold the [<] or [>] key to adjust the display
contrast to suit your angle of view. The [<] key will darken the display, and the [>] will make it lighter.
CONNECTING THE ANALYZER
Connect the analyzer as shown below. Direct connection to the analyzer’s voltage and current inputs gives the
best accuracy. For higher current applications that require current transformers or external shunts, see page 10.
Single-phase, Two wire
and DC measurements
A
or
V
CH1
CH1
LL
NN
A
V
CH1
CH1
LO HI
Single-phase, Three wire*
Three-phase, Three wire*
(2 wattmeter method)
Three-phase, Three wire*
(3 wattmeter method -
Set Analyzer to Three
Phase, Four Wire mode)
Three-phase, Four wire*
(3 wattmeter method)
A
CH1
CH1
L
L
N
A
CH2
CH2
LO
HI
LOAD LOAD
LOAD
LOAD
LO
HI
Ph1
Ph2
Ph3
N
Ph1
Ph2
Ph3
N
Three
Phase
Source
or
Three
Phase
Load
or
A
CH1
A
CH2
A
CH3
CH2CH1 CH3
Ph1
Ph2
Ph3
Ph1
Ph2
Ph3
Three
Phase
Source
or
Three
Phase
Load
or
A
CH1
A
CH2
A
CH3
CH2CH1 CH3
Ph1
Ph2
Ph3
Three
Phase
Source
or
Three
Phase
Load
or
A
CH1
A
CH2
CH2CH1
LOAD
V
V
VV
V
VV
V
V
V
LO
HI
LO
HI
LO
HI
LO
HI
LO
HI
LO
HI
LO
HI
LO
HI
LO
HI
LO
HI
HI LO
HI LO
HI LO
HI LO
HI LO
HI LO
HI LO
HI LO
HI LO
HI LO
HI LO
Ph1
Ph2
Ph3
*PM300 only. See page 13 for selection of wiring mode.

PM100 / 300 USER MANUAL G
ETTING STARTED
VPN 98-052 PAGE 3
With the analyzer connected, and with power applied, the default display shows Volts, Amps and Watts. On a
PM300, quantities for 3 channels and sum are shown.
The green LED on the front panel is illuminated when the analyzer has detected a stable fundamental frequency.
Harmonic measurements are invalid when this LED is not lit (when measuring DC quantities for example).
The third line of the display can be changed to show any of the 6 basic measurement functions:
(The selected measurement mode will be indicated on the display, in the position marked with a * below.)
VTvdt
RMS i
T
=∫
12
0
ATidt
RMS i
T
=∫
12
0
WTvidt
ii
T
=∫
1
0
VA V A
RMS RMS
=
∗
()
VAr VA W=−
22
PF W VA
=
True RMS
Voltage
V
True RMS
Current
A
Real Power
W
V
olt - Amperes
V
A
V
olt - Amperes
reactive
V
Ar
True Power
Factor
PF
113.0 V rms
0.524 A rms
PM100
PM300
+0.000 *
V rms
A rms
*
CH1
107.66
142.43
+0.000
CH2
107.89
155.52
+0.000
CH3
107.99
0.000
+0.000
186.79
99.32
+0.000
*

GETTING STARTED PM100 / 300 USER MANUAL
PAGE 4 VPN 98-052
FREQ Frequency
The frequency of the input waveform is obtained using the [FREQ] key. The
lowest of the frequencies detected on the Channel 1 V and A inputs is
displayed. This frequency is used as the fundamental for harmonic analysis.
FUND Fundamental value.
V.f, A.f, W.f, VA.f, Var.f, PF.f
The fundamental (1st Harmonic) component of the 6 basic measurements are
quickly shown by using the [FUND] key.
PF.f is the power factor due to the fundamental components of voltage and
current. This is equivalent to cos∅in a sinewave system. Cos∅has a sign to
denote leading or lagging current, and the convention used is shown below:
0
°-90°-180°-270°-360°
W + - - +
PF.f - - + +
Var.f + + - -
For Watts, + or - indicates the direction of the power flow.
For PF.f, + indicates that I leads V (Capacitive).
For Var.f + indicates an inductive load.
The sign used to indicate fundamental power factor may be reversed in menu 4.
For example;
Press [MENU]
SELECT MENU
M[0] Outputs
Press [4] or [>] until you see the following display;
SELECT MENU
M[4] Key Options
Press [↵]
PF LEADING
>-< +
Press [<] and [>] to make your selection
PF LEADING
- >+<
Press [↵] to move to the next item in the menu system,
or, press [MENU] to exit the menu system and return to the measurement
display.

PM100 / 300 USER MANUAL G
ETTING STARTED
VPN 98-052 PAGE 5
Four further types of measurement are available. These are associated with
only specific basic measurements. Attempting to show ‘VA’ ‘PEAK’ for
example will result in a parameter error.
PEAK Peak value of the waveform V pk, A pk.
Display of crest factor may be selected in menu 4. Select V cf, A cf by using
the [V] and [A] keys in [PEAK] mode. Press [PEAK] again to cancel.
Press [MENU]
SELECT MENU
M[0] Outputs
Press [4] or [>] until you see the following display;
SELECT MENU
M[4] Key Options
Press [↵] until you see the following display;
PEAK
>pk< cf
Press [<] and [>] to make your selection
PEAK
pk >cf<
Press [↵] to move to the next item in the menu system,
or, press [MENU] to exit the menu system and return to the measurement
display.
HARM Displays either Voltage (Vhxx), Current (Ahxx), or Power (Whxx)
harmonics by pressing the [V], [A], or [W] keys.
Press [HARM] again to cancel harmonic display.
PM100
AH01 AH03 1st, 3rd current harmonic
2.47 0.526 Amplitude of harmonics in Amps
-015.1°-160.8°Phase of harmonic relative to VH01

GETTING STARTED PM100 / 300 USER MANUAL
PAGE 6 VPN 98-052
PM300
CH1 CH2 CH3 Σ
96.88 97.08 97.78 168.44 V rms
121.13m 134.38m 128.47m 127.99m AH01 Amplitude of harmonic in Amps
-002.3 -120.6 -242.4 °Phase of harmonic
Use the [<] and [>] keys to scroll through harmonics 0 (dc) to 50.
Harmonic amplitude can be shown as absolute values by selecting ‘V/A/W’ in
menu 2. (See page 12 for example.)
THD Total Harmonic Distortion. V thd, A thd.
The power analyzer automatically selects the most accurate method of
calculation, depending on the level of THD. Press [A] or [V] to select A thd or
V thd. Press [THD] again to cancel THD display.
THD > 6%
(
)
%100X
1
122
H
HRMS
df − =
THD < 6% %100X
1
....5432 2222
H
HHHH
thd ++++ =
See also the in [MENU] [4] for how to manually select the formula that is used
and [MENU] [2] for how to change the harmonic reference (the denominator in
the equations above).
INTG Displays Integrated values.
Ah, Wh, VAh, VArh, PF (Average) and fundamentals are valid.
The period of integration is set in menu 2. Pressing the [INTG] key starts
integration, and displays any of the integrated values during integration.
Pressing the [INTG] key again returns the display to normal mode, integration
continues in the background until the time set in menu 2 is reached.
The orange LED is lit when the integrator is running. Press and HOLD the
[INTG] key to stop integration.

PM100 / 300 USER MANUAL FUNCTION KEYS
VPN 98-052 PAGE 7
SECTION 2 -FUNCTION KEYS
PROG Press and HOLD this key to toggle between default (Red LED off) and stored
settings (Red LED on).
MENU Enter and exit the menu system.
<
Move through menus, select settings etc. Clear erroneous menu data.
>
↵↵ When measuring: acts as a HOLD key (toggle). In the menu system: acts as the
ENTER key.
DISP PM300 only. Selects Channel on Display. Toggles display of Σquantities and
Neutral Amps.
When in 1ph 2W mode, pressing the [DISP] key sequences through
measurements on all 3 channels. In this mode, all 3 channels are operating
independently of each other and are able to make measurements on different
ranges and at different frequencies.
For waveform display, the [DISP] key sequences through the following
displays:
1/ V & A CH1
2/ V & A CH2
3/ V & A CH3
4/ V CH1, CH2 and CH3
5/ A CH1, CH2 and CH3
6/ V & A CH1, CH2 and CH3
For barchart display, the [DISP] key sequences through the following displays:
1/ V & A CH1
2/ V & A CH2
3/ V & A CH3

FUNCTION KEYS PM100 / 300 USER MANUAL
PAGE 8VPN 98-052

PM100 / 300 USER MANUAL T
HE MENU SYSTEM
VPN 98-052 PAGE 9
SECTION 3 - THE MENU SYSTEM
MENU Allows access to the analyzer menu system.
To navigate the menu system, press the [MENU] key and select the menu you
require, either by pressing one of the number keys corresponding to the menu
number, or [>] until you see the menu displayed. When the display shows the
required menu, press [↵] to access it. To change options within a menu, use the
[>] and [<] keys to move the flashing ‘> <‘ around the desired option and press
[MENU] to return to the measurement display, or press [↵] to move to the next
menu option.
For example, to access the M[4] key options menu and change the display to
show crest factor instead of peak;
Press [MENU] and the display will show;
SELECT MENU
M[0] Outputs
Press [4] or [>] until you see;
SELECT MENU
M[4] key options
Press [↵] until the following display is shown;
PEAK
>pk< cf
To change the option;
Press [>] to select >cf<
Press [↵] to move to the next item in the menu system,
or press [MENU] to exit the menu system and return to the measurement
display.
All settings are stored when the analyzer is switched off, and may be restored
by pressing the [PROG] key.
The following menu options are available.
M[0] Outputs
Select plug-in interface options.
Options are defined in the user manual supplied with the separately purchased
interface.

THE MENU SYSTEM PM100 / 300 USER MANUAL
PAGE 10 VPN 98-052
M[1] Inputs
1ph 2W >x< or
9See connection diagram on page 2
1ph 3W >x< or
9See connection diagram on page 2
3ph 2W >x< or
9See connection diagram on page 2
3ph 4W x or >9< See connection diagram on page 2
External Shunt >x< or
9
Voltage Scaling >x< or
9Enter scale factor
Current Scaling >x< or
9Enter scale factor
Manual V Range* >x< or 9Enter peak volts
Manual A Range* >x< or 9Enter peak amps
Fix Freq Source* >x< or
9Amps or Volts
M[2] Modes
Inrush Current >x< or
9
Integration Time HH:MM Enter Time (HH:MM)
Ballast Mode >x< or
950Hz or 60Hz
Harmonic Mode >%< or V/A/W
Waveform >x< or
9
Barchart >x< or
9
Fast Mode >x< or
9
Long Averaging* >x< or
9Enter Time (secs)
Disable Blanking >x< or
9
M[3] Display
Upper Function >V rms<
Middle Function >A rms<
M[4] Key Options
PF Leading > - < or + (Sign of PF when I leads V)
Peak >pk< or cf (Display peak or crest factor)
Fix THD Formula >x< or
9(Auto or fixed formula select)
Series Formula >x< or
9(Choose fixed formula)
RMS Harmonic Ref >x< or 9(Reference for THD formula)
M[5] Calibration
Password >0< (The factory default is 3000)
M[6] Language
English x or >9<
Select Menu
>x< or
9
*PM100 only.

PM100 / 300 USER MANUAL T
HE MENU SYSTEM
VPN 98-052 PAGE 11
M[0] Outputs
This menu is only available when a Voltech interface card is fitted. See page 23
for a full description of the cards available for your analyzer. For operating
instructions, see the manual supplied with the interface card.
M[1] Inputs
The PM100 / 300 analyzers are highly versatile and can be configured to
analyze almost any electrical system. The versatility is achieved because all
power inputs are ac + dc coupled, and are isolated from each other and from the
ground.
The four main wiring modes are:-
[1ø2W] SINGLE PHASE, TWO WIRE.
Select for single phase loads, two wire distribution system and rectifier output.
[1ø3W] SINGLE PHASE, THREE WIRE.
Select for three wire single phase distribution systems.
[3ø3W] THREE PHASE, THREE WIRE.
Select for three phase loads without neutral connection (two wattmeter method).
Note that the [N] channel provides computed values of current (Arms, Afund,
Acf, Apk, Aharm and Athd) for the third (unmeasured) phase of the system.
[3ø4W] THREE PHASE, FOUR WIRE.
Select for three phase loads with or without neutral connection (three wattmeter
method).
External Shunt
For use with external shunts and other devices that produce a voltage
proportional to the current being measured (E.g. some DC coupled current
transformers.) The proportional voltage is applied between the ‘EXT’ and ‘LO’
terminals.
Example:
The scale factor is entered directly in mV/A. A twisted pair connection is
recommended to minimize noise pick-up.

THE MENU SYSTEM PM100 / 300 USER MANUAL
PAGE 12 VPN 98-052
Voltage Scaling and Current Scaling
For use with voltage transformers / dividers and current transformers.
Connect to the V HI and LO terminals for voltage probes, and to the A HI and
LO terminals for current probes.
Current Scaling = 100mV/A
I = 10 Amp
100mV/A
EXT
0.1
A
+
+
-
-
V = 1V
LO
Note: When using 1000:1 CT as in the above example, enter ‘1000’ as the
current scaling.
Manual Ranging. (PM100 Only)
By default, the analyzers are fully auto-ranging. This is the ideal setting for
most applications since the analyzers will then always be operating on the
optimum range. No settings are required by the user in this case.
In measurement applications where there are transients or bursts of signals, then
data may be lost due to the time taken by the analyzer to perform the automatic
range selection. In this case, the auto-ranging may be switched off and a manual
range selected.
The PM100 has 8 current and 8 voltage ranges as described below.
To set a manual range, simply select ‘9’ for Manual V Range or Manual A
Range in M[2] and then enter the approximate maximum peak current or
voltage that is expected. (This can be measured by pressing the PEAK key). It is
not necessary to remember the exact ranges of the PM100, since they will be
selected for you according to the following tables.
Amps Peak
Range
Amps Peak
Entered
Volts Peak
Range
Volts Peak
Entered
0.1 0.0 ≤0.1 7.5V 0.0 ≤7.5
0.3A 0.1 ≤0.3 15V 7.5 ≤15
0.9A 0.3 ≤0.9 30V 15 ≤30
2.7A 0.9 ≤2.7 60 30 ≤60
8.1A 2.7 ≤8.1 120V 60 ≤120
24.3A 8.1 ≤24.3 240V 120 ≤240
72.9A 24.3 ≤72.9 480V 240 ≤480
200A > 200 1000V > 480
When a manual range is set, the analyzer will make accurate measurements for
signals up to the specified range peak.
Notes.
1) Small signals may not be displayed because of the analyzer’s display
blanking feature and this should be disabled. See M[2] ‘Disable Blanking’.
2) Scaling is ignored. When setting a manual range, use the actual peak
current or voltage seen at the terminals of the PM100.

PM100 / 300 USER MANUAL T
HE MENU SYSTEM
VPN 98-052 PAGE 13
Fixed Frequency Source (PM100 Only)
It is important that the analyzer detects the correct frequency for analysis since
this frequency is used in the calculation of rms and harmonic measurements.
Good frequency detection is indicated by the green led on the front panel.
Normally, the analyzers continuously scan both the voltage and current
channels for frequency and this is the ideal method for most measurement
applications. It is not usually necessary to adjust this setting.
In measurement applications where there are transients or bursts of signals, then
the analyzer may lose frequency synchronization momentarily. The green led
will not be lit and the measurements may be unstable.
To correct this problem, choose a fixed frequency source ‘9’. If the voltage is
always present and stable, choose ‘Volts’. If the current is always present and
stable, choose ‘Amps’.
M[2] Modes
Special operating modes of the analyzer.
Note: To exit the mode you are in and return to default set up, press the [PROG] key.
Inrush Current
The analyzer continuously monitors the current channels and displays the
largest peak current observed. Only the [<] and [>] keys operate to reset the
display. Auto-ranging is disabled in this mode, so the expected peak value must
be entered. If in doubt, enter ‘200’ Amps when prompted, and then reduce this
value to improve resolution and accuracy.
When using the inrush current mode on the PM100, it is advisable to first set
manual range as describe on page 12 to monitor the signal before the inrush
mode is issued. This will aid in setting the correct range for inrush current
measurements.
‘CURRENT OVERRANGE’ is displayed if the selected peak value is
exceeded.
Press [PROG] to deselect Inrush Current mode to make other measurements.
Integration Time
This is the time that the integrator will run for. See the [INTG] key.
Ballast Mode
The output of electronic and some ultrasonic equipment consists of a high
frequency waveform heavily modulated at the line frequency.
To make accurate measurements, the whole cycle at 50 or 60 Hz must be
analyzed. To do this, select ‘Ballast Mode’ and choose 50 or 60 Hz.

THE MENU SYSTEM PM100 / 300 USER MANUAL
PAGE 14 VPN 98-052
To give the best measurement accuracy, it is recommended that the Voltech
Ballast CT (current transformer) be used where high common mode voltages are
present.
PM100
PM300 A
HI LO
Tube
Electronic
Ballast
Harmonic Mode
Harmonic Amplitude may be displayed as a percentage (%) of fundamental or
in RMS terms as desired.
Press [MENU]
SELECT MENU
M[0] Outputs
Press [>] until you see;
SELECT MENU
M[2] Modes
Press [↵] until you see;
HARMONIC MODE
>%< V/A/W
Press [<] and [>] to make your selection.
Press [↵] to move to the next item in the menu system,
or, press [MENU] to exit the menu system and return to the measurement
display.
Waveform Display Mode