We TARVOS-III User manual
ANR022
RADIO MODULE CROSS MIGRATION
GUIDE
TARVOS-III/TELESTO-III/THEBE-
II/THEMISTO-I TO
THYONE-I
VERSION 1.1
JULY 19, 2023
WIRELESS CONNECTIVITY & SENSORS
ANR022 - Radio module cross migration guide
Abbreviations
Abbreviation Name Description
ACK Acknowledgement Radio packet sent back to the transmitter to
acknowledge the reception of data.
CE Conformité
Européene
CE conformity indicates that a product has been
assessed by the manufacturer and deemed to
meet EU requirements. For radio modules this
means beside safety, health and EMC also
spectrum requirements.
CTS Clear-to-Send UART flow control signal line
FCC
Federal
Communications
Commission
FCC regulates interstate and international
communications by radio, television, wire, satellite,
and cable in U.S. territories.
IC Industry Canada Canadian Authority regulating and approving
wireless products certification.
ID Identity document An official document used for identification.
IO Input & Output
LRM Long range mode Special radio profile for large transmission ranges.
PCB Printed Circuit Board
RF Radio frequency Describes wireless transmission.
RTS Request-to-Send UART flow control signal line
RX Receive UART data signal line
SRD Short Range Device Unlicensed frequency bands.
SWD Serial Wire Debug
TELEC Telecom Engineering
Center
TELEC is the main registered certification body for
radio equipment conformity certification in Japan.
TX Transmit UART data signal line
UART
Universal
Asynchronous
Receiver Transmitter
Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter
allows communicating with the module of a specific
interface
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ANR022 - Radio module cross migration guide
Contents
1 Introduction 4
2 Supported radio modules 5
3 Adapter board 6
3.1 Schematic....................................... 6
3.2 Board ......................................... 7
3.3 Assembly ....................................... 9
3.4 Billofmaterials .................................... 10
4 Replacing by the Thyone-I 11
4.1 Hardwareadaption.................................. 11
4.1.1 Footprint................................... 11
4.1.2 Pinout .................................... 13
4.1.3 Antenna ................................... 14
4.1.4 Tracedesign................................. 14
4.2 Hostfirmwareadaption ............................... 18
4.2.1 Overallbehavior............................... 18
4.2.2 UARTinterface ............................... 18
4.2.2.1 Transparent mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.2.2.2 Commandmode ............................ 19
4.2.3 Radiointerface ............................... 19
4.2.3.1 Network and mesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.2.3.2 Radiosettings.............................. 20
4.2.4 Timing .................................... 20
4.2.5 Powersavingmodes ............................ 20
4.2.6 Bootmode.................................. 20
5 References 22
6 Important notes 23
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ANR022 - Radio module cross migration guide
1 Introduction
The radio frequency spectrum is regulated by designated regulatory authorities that define how
specific spectrum bands can be used. As each frequency band has its strength, Würth Elek-
tronik eiSos provides for each frequency band proprietary and standardized radio modules,
which allow the user to decide the best module for the end application. The most common
characteristics to choose radio modules are frequency, energy efficiency, data transmission
rate and transmission protocols.
With the evolution of radio chips, new proprietary and standardized radio modules have been
developed, that are more energy efficient during data transmission and reception. Further-
more new coding and modulation techniques have been added, that allow higher transmission
ranges (long range mode) and/or higher data rates.
Due to the worldwide operation the interest of using the 2.4 GHz frequency band increases.
This application note describes an adapter board, that is used to place a 2.4 GHz Thyone-I
radio module on the footprint of a Tarvos-III/Telesto-III/Thebe-II/Themisto-I radio module.
Furthermore, the steps for hardware and firmware integration to replace an existing Tarvos-
III/Telesto-III/Thebe-II/Themisto-I radio module by a Thyone-I radio module are described.
For reasons of simplicity, in the whole document we use the term sub-GHz pro-
prietary module instead of listing the modules Tarvos-III, Telesto-III, Thebe-II
and Themisto-I.
Due to changes in hardware platform and firmware when replacing a radio mod-
ule, the end device’s radio certification becomes void. A new radio certification
or declaration needs to be acquired by performing actions according to the lo-
cal statutory requirements at the location of deployment. It is advised to go
through the relevant modules to get detailed information on radio certification
and declaration.
To evaluate the migration to Thyone-I, Würth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KG
is able to provide adapter boards. Please get in contact with your local sales.
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ANR022 - Radio module cross migration guide
2 Supported radio modules
The supported 2.4 GHz Würth Elektronik eiSos radio modules described in this application
note is the proprietary radio module Thyone-I
Module
Form
factor
[mm2]
Freq.
band
[MHz]
Antenna Protocol Certification
Tarvos-III 27x17 868 50 Ωpad Proprietary CE
Telesto-III 27x17 915 50 Ωpad Proprietary IC FCC
Thebe-II 27x17 868 50 Ωpad Proprietary CE
Themisto-I 27x17 915 50 Ωpad Proprietary FCC IC
Thyone-I 12x8 2440 Smart antenna Proprietary CE FCC IC
TELEC
Table 1: Comparison: Features
Smart antenna connection gives the possibility to either connect the module’s internal antenna
or to use 50 Ohm connection toward an external antenna.
Module VDD [V] ITX
[mA]
IRX
[mA]
ISleep
[µA]
PowerTX
[dBm]
Tarvos-III 2.2 to 3.8 26 8 0.2 14
Telesto-III 2.2 to 3.8 26 8 0.2 14
Thebe-II 2.2 to 3.7 500 12 0.9 27
Themisto-I 2.2 to 3.7 400 12 0.9 25
Thyone-I 1.8 to 3.6 18.9 7.7 0.4 6
Table 2: Comparison: Electrical characteristics
Due to the form factor and pin compatibility, an adapter board is necessary to
use a 2.4 GHz module in the place of sub-GHz proprietary module.
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3.4 Bill of materials
Part
Value
Package
MANUFACTURER
NR
C1
100nF
C0402_IPC
Würth Elektronik 885012205037
C2
n.m.
C0402_IPC
Würth Elektronik 885012105012
C3
22pF
C0402_IPC
Würth Elektronik
885012005027
C4
n.m.
C0402_IPC
C5
1µF
C0402_IPC
Würth Elektronik
885012105012
C30
100nF
C0402_IPC
Würth Elektronik
885012205037
C38
100pF
C0402_IPC
Würth Elektronik
885012005031
IC1
RF Switch
6-PIN_SC-70
IC7
NOR Logic gate
SC70-5
L1
7427927311
L0402_WE-MK
Würth Elektronik
7427927311
R1
1kR
R0402_IPC
THYONE-I
2611011021000
SMD
Würth Elektronik
2611011021000
Figure 5: Bill of materials
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ANR022 - Radio module cross migration guide
4 Replacing by the Thyone-I
The Tarvos-III, Telesto-III, Thebe-II and Themisto-I is a family of sub-GHz proprietary radio
modules that share the same footprint. This chapter describes how to use the adapter board
mentioned in chapter
3
to replace one of the mentioned sub-GHz proprietary modules by a
Thyone-I 2.4 GHz module.
The adapter board allows the user to test the possibility of migrating from sub-
GHz proprietary module to Thyone-I. The user shall modify the adapter board
design according to the existing host or application if needed.
4.1 Hardware adaption
4.1.1 Foot print
The adapter board has the same dimensions as the sub-GHz proprietary module. Further-
more, it is pin compatible.
Figure 6: Footprint (Top view)
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ANR022 - Radio module cross migration guide
The internal PCB antenna of Thyone-I module on adapter board can be used
only if the no metal area in footprint is implemented on the host PCB.
The Tarvos-III and Telesto-III are available in two hardware variants. The
first variant provides the radio signal at the ANT pin. In this variants
2609011181000 (Tarvos-III) and 2609011191000 (Telesto-III) an external
antenna matched to 50 Ωcan be connected at this pin.
The second variants 2609011081000 (Tarvos-III) and 2609011091000
(Telesto-III) offers an integrated PCB antenna. The integrated PCB antenna
is strongly miniaturized and therefore supports reduced efficiency and range.
Using this variant the ANT pin has no function and can be left open. No
external antenna has to be connected. The explanation how to use the
different connection variant is described in chapter 4.1.3
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4.1.2 Pinout
Table
3
lists the pin mapping of the sub-GHz proprietary module to the Thyone-I in the adapter
board:
Pin
No. Thyone-I
sub-GHz
proprietary
module
Description
1ANT &RF ANT Antenna pin connection
2GND GND Ground
3VCC VCC Supply voltage
4UTXD UTXD UART TX
5URXD URXD UART RX
6/RTS /RTS UART /RTS
7/CTS RESERVED UART /CTS
8B1 RESERVED
9B2 RESERVED
10 Not
connected RESERVED
11 BUSY RESERVED
12 BOOT BOOT
The BOOT pin is used to enable the
bootloader for firmware updates.
Boot pin operation is inverted
between the modules, please look
into the section
4.2.6
.
13 B3 RESERVED
14 WAKE_UP WAKE-UP
Pin function changed. The WAKE-UP
pin is used to wake-up the module
from sleep mode.
15 MODE_1 MODE_1
The MODE_1 pin is used on the
sub-GHz proprietary module and
Thyone-I module to determine the
mode of operation during boot up.
16 B5 RESERVED
17 B4 RESERVED
18 B6 RESERVED
19 /RESET /RESET Reset pin
20 LED1 /TX_IND
21 LED2 /RX_IND
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Pin
No. Thyone-I sub-GHz proprietary
module Description
22 Not
connected
RESERVED on sub-GHz
proprietary module
ANT-CTRL on Adapter
board
ANT-CTRL Pin 22 of the adapter
board controls RF switch to change
between antenna
23 GND GND Ground
i1 SWDIO TEST Debug Interface
i2 SWDCLK TEST Debug Interface
i3 Not
connected TEST
i4 Not
connected TEST
Table 3: Pin mapping between Thyone-I and sub-GHz proprietary module
4.1.3 Antenna
Using the adapter board along with Thyone-I module, the option to switch between internal and
external antenna connection is available. The ANT pin (No.1, Ext_ANT in the schematic) of
the adapter board is used for an external antenna connection matched to 50 Ω.
The ANT-CTRL pin (No.22) is used to switch between Thyone-I on-board PCB antenna and
the external antenna pin Ext_ANT of the adapter board.
The ANT-CTRL pin (No.22) has an internal pull-down resistor and selects in-
ternal PCB antenna by default. An external pull-up resistor on this pin shall be
avoided.
By applying a high logic level to the ANT-CTRL pin, the ANT Pin of the adapter board can
be used for external antenna connection. If Pin 22 is left open or a low level is applied, the
Thyone-I on-board PCB antenna is used.
4.1.4 Trace design
Thyone-I Module itself complies with FCC and IC certification. For evaluation purpose, the
adapter board uses an IC to switch between the on-board PCB-antenna of the Thyone-I mod-
ule and the external RF PAD connection. Due to which the adapter board differs from the trace
design and is not approved to be FCC and IC compliant.
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To reference the end device to the Würth Elektronik eiSos’ FCC ID it is manda-
tory to use the trace design. Based on the end application and antenna option
needed, the user can implement one of the two variants of the trace designs.
Figure 7: Trace design: Layout
Figure 8: Reference design: Stack-up
•Top layer is used for routing, filled with ground plane except area under the module and
antenna free area.
•Second layer is filled with ground plane, except the antenna free area.
•Third layer is the supply layer, except antenna free area. Some routing is allowed, not
dividing the supply layer in to many or too small parts.
•Bottom layer is used for routing and filled with ground.
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The RF pin of module can be coupled to the modules on-board PCB antenna or an external
antenna.
Two variants of the Thyone-I module are certified:
•For the modules on-board PCB antenna: 22 pF shall be assembled on C28.
– If additional tuning is needed in the end application, C27 and C26 can be assembled.
– The exact values of C27 and C26 shall be specified in the end application corre-
sponding to the individual need.
Figure 10: On-board PCB antenna
•For the external antenna: 22 pF shall be assembled on C6.
– If additional tuning is needed in the end application, C21 and C26 can be assembled.
– The exact values of C21 and C26 shall be specified in the end application corre-
sponding to the individual need.
Figure 11: External antenna connection
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ANR022 - Radio module cross migration guide
4.2 Host firmware adaption
4.2.1 Overall behavior
As the sub-GHz proprietary module and the Thyone-I are both proprietary radio modules,
both are similar w.r.t. their behavior. This means that the same network topologies are sup-
ported and the same data transmission can be used.
Due to this, the application’s behavior must not be changed when replacing a sub-GHz pro-
prietary module by a Thyone-I radio module.
4.2.2 UART interface
Both, the Thyone-I as well as the sub-GHz proprietary module, use an UART interface. It is
configured as 115200 Baud 8n1 by default.
The sub-GHz proprietary module supports all baud rates between 9600 and 921600 Baud,
where the Thyone-I supports only distinct baud rates between 1200 and 1000000 Baud. Fur-
thermore, for baud rates higher than 115200 Baud, the flow control must be used at Thyone-I.
For Thyone-I the flow control of the UART is enabled when running a firmware
update via the UART interface.
Both, the Thyone-I as well as the sub-GHz proprietary module, provide a transparent mode
and command mode:
Transparent mode: All bytes sent to the radio module are transmitted via radio. All bytes
received via radio are output by the UART without any protocol (header and footer). See
chapter
4.2.2.1
.
Command mode: Hexadecimal commands of pre-defined structure are used to control the ra-
dio module, like triggering a transmission or going into sleep mode. See chapter
4.2.2.2
.
On both modules, the operation mode can be chosen in the same way:
•Applying a low signal to the MODE_1 pin during the reset till the module is booted up,
starts the command mode.
•Applying a high signal to the MODE_1 pin during the reset till the module is booted up,
starts the transparent mode.
4.2.2.1 Transparent mode
The transparent modes on both modules have the same function. Only the trigger that starts
the radio transmission of data may differ. There are several options such as:
•Transmit radio data after timeout
•Transmit radio data after ETX character has been received via UART
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4.2.2.2 Command mode
As described above, in command mode hexadecimal commands are used to control the radio
module. Both, the sub-GHz proprietary module and the Thyone-I, use a similar command
structure, whereas the Thyone-I uses a 2-byte length field and the sub-GHz proprietary mod-
ule uses a 1-byte length field:
Start signal Command Length Payload CS
0x02 1 Byte 2 Bytes Length Bytes 1 Byte
Table 4: Command structure of the Thyone-I
Start signal Command Length Payload CS
0x02 1 Byte 1 Byte Length Bytes 1 Byte
Table 5: Command structure of the sub-GHz proprietary module
Furthermore, the commands themselves differ. See the
CMD_DATA_IND
command for example,
that outputs the radio data on the UART:
Start signal Command Length Src Addr RSSI Payload CS
0x02 0x84 2 Bytes 4 Bytes 1 Byte (Length - 5) Bytes 1 Byte
Table 6:
CMD_DATA_IND
command of the Thyone-I
Start signal Command Length Payload RSSI CS
0x02 0x81 1 Byte (Length - 1) Bytes 1 Byte 1 Byte
Table 7:
CMD_DATA_IND
command of the sub-GHz proprietary module
Besides the length of the Length field as already described, the Command byte itself (
0x81
vs.
0x84
) as well as the location of the remaining fields changed.
As consequence of this all commands must be updated to the new commands.
Please note that the Wireless Connectivity SDK [1, 2] implements all these
commands. Thus, only the driver of the sub-GHz proprietary module must be
replaced by the Thyone-I driver to update the application to the new commands.
4.2.3 Radio interface
4.2.3.1 Network and mesh
Both, the sub-GHz proprietary module and Thyone-I, provide several network topologies.
Data can be transmitted from point to point (unicast), point to a sub net (multicast) or point to
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